394:
941:
433:
422:
649:
928:, embodied in parallel uses of various endoymic and exonymic terms, resulted in a vast variety of ambiguous, overlapping or even contrary meanings, that were applied to particular terms by different scholars. That complex situation is addressed by most English and other western scholars by preferring the exonymic
1036:// Исследование славянских языков и литератур в высшей школе: достижения и перспективы: Информационные материалы и тезисы докладов международной научной конференции / Под ред. В. П. Гудкова, А. Г. Машковой, С. С. Скорвида. — М., 2003. — С. 150 — 317 с.
393:
2021:
1616:
Die ruthenische
Schriftsprache bei Ivan Uževyč unter besonderer Berücksichtigung seines Gesprächsbuchs Rozmova/Besěda: Mit Wörterverzeichnis und Indizes zu seinem ruthenischen und kirchenslavischen Gesamtwerk
1399:), p. 18: "Local recensions of Church Slavonic, introduced by Orthodox churchmen from more southerly lands, provided the basis for Chancery Slavonic, the court language of the Grand Duchy."
365:
issues are debated among linguists: various questions related to classification of literary and vernacular varieties of this language; issues related to meanings and proper uses of various
656:
Modern names of this language and its varieties, that are used by scholars (mainly linguists), can also be divided in two basic categories, the first including those that are derived from
652:
East Slavic languages in 1389. Colors represent spoken dialects. Dashed lines represent written languages: Ruthenian in green, Old/Middle
Russian in orange, Old Novgorodian in blue.
1919:
1749:
705:, западнорусское наречие) – terms used mainly by supporters of the concept of the Proto-Russian phase, especially since the end of the 19th century. Employed by authors such as
1704:
3470:
1319:Славянские диалекты в соотношении с другими языками Великого княжества Литовского (Slavic dialects in relation to other languages of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania)
1375:), p. 139: " adopted as its official language the literary version of Ruthenian, written in Cyrillic and also known as Chancery Slavonic"; Virgil Krapauskas,
1387:), p. 26: "By the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries Chancery Slavonic dominated the written state language in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania"; Timothy Snyder,
466:
Contemporary names, that were used for this language from the 15th to 18th centuries, can be divided into two basic linguistic categories, the first being
2624:
2258:
1861:
Pivtorak, Hryhorij. “Do pytannja pro ukrajins’ko-bilorus’ku vzajemodiju donacional’noho periodu (dosjahnennja, zavdannja i perspektyvy doslidžen’)”. In:
940:
1321:// Slavic studies. The 13th International Congress of Slavists. Ljubljana, 2003. Reports of the Russian delegation. Indrik Publishing. Moscow, 2003.
2099:
3465:
2335:
1103:
783:) – regionally oriented designation, used by some 19th-century Russian researchers such as: Keppen, archbishop Filaret, Sakharov, Karatayev.
2398:
850:), commonly used by scholars who are writing in English and other western languages, and also by various Lithuanian and Polish scholars.
3325:
2054:
296:
65:
3343:
2010:
1989:
1952:
1905:
1831:
958:
Early
Ruthenian, dating from the separation of Lithuanian and Muscovite chancery languages (15th century) to the early 16th century
2535:
2525:
2297:
980:
Late
Ruthenian, from 1648 to the establishment of the Ukrainian and Belarusian standard languages at the end of the 18th century
2698:
2641:
2246:
1314:
319:. By the end of the 18th century, they gradually diverged into regional variants, which subsequently developed into the modern
2590:
377:(names of languages and linguistic varieties); questions on its relation to modern East Slavic languages, and its relation to
358:) was employed continuously (up to 1918) as an official exonym for the entire East Slavic linguistic body within its borders.
3560:
2617:
1396:
1384:
1372:
1071:
747:
to the post-19th-century language and to the older language had been used in works of the 19th-century
Russian researchers
3460:
2530:
1225:А писаръ земъский маеть по-руску литерами и словы рускими вси листы, выписы и позвы писати, а не иншимъ езыкомъ и словы.
687:, employed explicitly with only one letter "s" in order to distinguish this name from terms that are designating modern
145:
3565:
3555:
3455:
3083:
2650:
2092:
2047:
1962:
1200:
1063:
458:(foreign, both in origin and nature), its use was very complex, both in historical and modern scholarly terminology.
150:
3490:
2928:
499:
488:
262:
255:
2433:
2307:
912:
dialect or language – a term used by some scholars as designation for southern varieties, that gave rise to modern
898:
dialect or language – a term used by some scholars as designation for northern varieties, that gave rise to modern
875:
816:
3247:
2610:
2358:
1318:
228:
3287:
2497:
1000:
820:
563:
288:
184:
160:
35:
504:
265:
3348:
3265:
3193:
2984:
2941:
2657:
2154:
1005:
103:
3185:
3118:
3113:
3078:
3037:
2840:
2808:
2502:
2085:
108:
3378:
3332:
3257:
3235:
3150:
3139:
2947:
2919:
2898:
2709:
2664:
2022:"The Influence of Non-Linguistic Factors on the Rise and Fall of the Old Byelorussian Literary Language"
1550:
398:
284:
280:
155:
118:
2302:
493:
258:
3394:
2888:
2858:
2817:
2737:
2576:
2551:
2477:
2363:
2353:
2233:
728:
3495:
3404:
3203:
3170:
3071:
3061:
3030:
2830:
2717:
2680:
2669:
2561:
2445:
899:
812:
720:
555:
440:
320:
308:
78:
1843:"The Fate of the Ruthenian or Little Russian (Ukrainian) Language in Austrian Galicia (1772-1867)"
3066:
3003:
2978:
2825:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2460:
1882:
1850:
1736:
1584:
913:
798:
762:
710:
632:
351:
324:
82:
3480:
2002:
Ruthenica
Bohemica: Ruthenian Translations from Czech in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Poland
878:
variety of this language, used in official and legal documents of the Grand Dutchy of
Lithuania.
751:, Ogonovskiy, Zhitetskiy, Sobolevskiy, Nedeshev, Vladimirov and Belarusian researchers, such as
470:(native names, used by native speakers as self-designations for their language), and the second
2134:
3515:
3505:
3366:
3282:
3220:
3123:
3105:
3088:
3045:
3019:
2965:
2960:
2883:
2848:
2767:
2690:
2414:
2383:
2330:
2253:
2241:
2006:
1985:
1948:
1901:
1827:
1819:
1392:
1380:
1368:
1099:
1067:
861:
570:
432:
402:
304:
3500:
3436:
3240:
2954:
2905:
2893:
2878:
2757:
2752:
2633:
2556:
2455:
2378:
2149:
2062:
1806:
1781:
1691:
1576:
962:
790:
776:
736:
698:
688:
580:
113:
72:
1984:. Vol. 2. New Haven: Yale Concilium on International and Area Studies. pp. 9–47.
3318:
3277:
3270:
3024:
3014:
2989:
2972:
2762:
2730:
2685:
2675:
2211:
2206:
2193:
2188:
2159:
2055:"Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės kanceliarinės slavų kalbos termino nusakymo problema"
1938:
1915:
1598:"Plurilinguism in Eastern Slavic Culture of the 17th Century: The case of Simeon Polockij"
1027:
748:
621:
444:
378:
343:
339:
335:
188:
95:
3520:
944:
Linguistic, ethnographic, and political map of
Eastern Europe by Casimir Delamarre, 1868
3535:
3510:
3303:
3225:
3215:
3158:
2936:
2873:
2776:
2393:
2388:
2325:
2292:
2183:
2175:
995:
839:
596:
382:
328:
86:
31:
1182:
3549:
3485:
3475:
3175:
3051:
2796:
2722:
2419:
2368:
1794:
1769:
1679:
1662:
1645:
1377:
Nationalism and
Historiography: The Case of Nineteenth-Century Lithuanian Historicism
970:
888:– terms used by the same groups of scholars in order to designate more precisely the
874:– terms used by the same groups of scholars in order to designate more precisely the
860:– terms used by the same groups of scholars in order to designate more precisely the
797:) – another regionally oriented designation, used by 19th-century Russian researcher
752:
706:
221:
3093:
2867:
2520:
2450:
2373:
2317:
2287:
1580:
2465:
17:
2000:
1977:
1966:
1942:
1895:
1810:
1597:
1048:Начальный этап формирования русского национального языка , Ленинград 1962, p. 221
3422:
3409:
2571:
2566:
2345:
2279:
1785:
1695:
362:
1625:
587:/ Lithuanian). Also by Zizaniy (end of the 16th century), Pamva Berynda (1653).
3359:
3338:
3230:
2048:"Hrodna town books language problems in Early Modern Times" by Jury Hardziejeŭ
889:
558:(16th century). Those terms for simple vernacular speech were designating its
300:
292:
61:
1389:
The
Reconstruction Of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999
311:
forms, corresponded approximately to the territories of the modern states of
3384:
3210:
3198:
2472:
1978:"The language question in the Ukrainian lands before the nineteenth century"
1095:
990:
925:
559:
374:
276:
237:
202:
39:
1795:"Mittelruthenisch (Mittelweißrussisch und Mittelukrainisch): Ein Überblick"
1680:"On the Name(s) of the Prostaja Mova in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth"
1354:
Cited in Улащик Н. Введение в белорусско-литовское летописание. — М., 1980.
727:) – term used by various Belarusian and some Russian scholars, and also by
1820:"Too Close to the West? The Ruthenian Language of the Instruction of 1609"
1206:[Statute of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Section 4 Article 1)].
1031:. Лингвонимы восточнославянского культурного региона (историчесикий обзор)
421:
3429:
3353:
3311:
2221:
1211:
467:
1897:
Testament to Ruthenian: A Linguistic Analysis of the Smotryc'kyj Variant
1886:
1870:
1854:
1842:
1740:
1724:
1588:
1564:
660:(native) names, and the second encompassing those that are derived from
648:
27:
Historical Slavic language, ancestor of Belarusian, Rusyn, and Ukrainian
3416:
3372:
2270:
2139:
966:
954:
Daniel Bunčić suggested a periodization of the literary language into:
657:
471:
366:
316:
312:
1920:"Belorussian versus Ukrainian: Delimitation of Texts before A.D. 1569"
3163:
2144:
2129:
2117:
2108:
838:
language – modern scholarly terms, derived from older Latin exonyms (
661:
455:
370:
273:
2602:
1614:
287:, particularly those spoken from the 15th to 18th centuries in the
431:
420:
392:
1565:"Ivan Vahylevych (1811–1866) and the Ukrainian National Identity"
2077:
1750:"The Language of the Kucieina New Testament and Psalter of 1652"
1419:
1417:
2606:
2081:
1261:
1259:
1705:"The Two Versions of the Gramatyka Slovenskaja of Ivan Uževič"
573:, it was sometimes also referred to (in territorial terms) as
1968:
Die Westrussische Kanzleisprache des Grossfürstentums Litauen
549:
543:
537:
531:
525:
1626:"On the dialectal basis of the Ruthenian literary language"
1141:
1139:
815:, but influenced by various local dialects and used in the
769:) – term used by various Ukrainian and some other scholars.
1871:"The Ruthenian Language of Meletij Smotryc'kyj: Phonology"
1826:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 119–135.
511:
481:
1725:"Meletij Smotryc'kyj and the Ruthenian Language Question"
1824:
Ukraine and Europe: Cultural Encounters and Negotiations
574:
412:
406:
3446:
3393:
3302:
3256:
3184:
3149:
3138:
3104:
3002:
2927:
2918:
2857:
2839:
2816:
2807:
2708:
2640:
2544:
2511:
2490:
2432:
2407:
2344:
2316:
2278:
2269:
2232:
2174:
2116:
235:
219:
200:
195:
178:
173:
138:
92:
71:
57:
47:
628:, derived from the Latin exonym for this language.
1944:A Historical Phonology of the Ukrainian Language
1208:История Беларуси IX-XVIII веков. Первоисточники.
1900:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
1663:"Prostaja Mova, Kitab, and Polissian Standard"
2618:
2093:
1646:"The name Rus': In search of a new dimension"
1289:
1238:
1223:
811:– a term used for the written form, based on
8:
1495:
1085:
1083:
604:
3146:
2924:
2813:
2625:
2611:
2603:
2438:
2275:
2259:American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese
2122:
2100:
2086:
2078:
1519:
1423:
1408:
1330:
1301:
1277:
1265:
44:
1363:Elana Goldberg Shohamy and Monica Barni,
1201:"Statut Velikogo knyazhestva Litovskogo"
1602:Slavia: Časopis pro slovanskou filologii
1471:
1459:
1435:
939:
647:
1982:Aspects of the Slavic language question
1507:
1017:
949: Ruthenians and Ruthenian language
3466:Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony
1531:
1342:
1145:
1483:
1250:
1169:
1157:
1118:
916:language, that is also designated as
902:language, that is also designated as
639:, also derived from the Latin exonym.
524:), also written in various ways, as:
385:in the 10th through 13th centuries).
7:
1650:Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas
1447:
1203:Статут Великого княжества Литовского
1130:
1044:
1042:
1023:
1021:
667:Names derived from endonymic terms:
2029:The Journal of Byelorussian Studies
1927:The Journal of Byelorussian Studies
1757:The Journal of Byelorussian Studies
1712:The Journal of Byelorussian Studies
827:Names derived from exonymic terms:
609:, which is rendered in English as:
399:1588 codification of Lithuanian law
303:of those varieties, both in their
25:
1558:. Toronto: University of Toronto.
1379:(East European Monographs, 2000:
1092:Politics and the Slavic Languages
536:(Old Belarusian / Old Ukrainian:
381:(the colloquial language used in
269:
2526:Twelve-dish Christmas Eve supper
2399:West Ukrainian People's Republic
1849:. 35 (2017–2018) (1/4): 87–104.
1596:Brogi Bercoff, Giovanna (1995).
1365:Linguistic Landscape in the City
2247:Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church
2061:(in Lithuanian). Archived from
486:, written in various ways, as:
279:for a closely related group of
3326:Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin
1619:. München: Verlag Otto Sagner.
1581:10.1080/00085006.1972.11091271
1552:Concepts of Belarus until 1918
1391:(Yale University Press, 2004:
503:
498:
492:
487:
474:(names in foreign languages).
297:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
66:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
2336:Rákóczi's War of Independence
1999:Verkholantsev, Julia (2008).
1367:(Multilingual Matters, 2010:
1058:Magocsi, Paul Robert (1996).
3461:Slavic second palatalization
2531:Alexander Dukhnovych Theater
1976:Struminskyj, Bohdan (1984).
1811:10.1556/SSlav.50.2005.1-2.11
512:
482:
407:
3456:Slavic first palatalization
2298:Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
1947:. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.
1865:1978.3 (69), p. 31–40.
1786:10.1556/SSlav.47.2002.3-4.1
1770:"Что такое «простая мова»?"
1696:10.1556/SSlav.51.2006.1-2.6
1678:Danylenko, Andrii (2006b).
1661:Danylenko, Andrii (2006a).
1064:University of Toronto Press
872:Chancery Ruthenian language
868:Ruthenian chancery language
858:Literary Ruthenian language
854:Ruthenian literary language
575:
3582:
2308:Saints Cyril and Methodius
1841:Moser, Michael A. (2018).
1818:Moser, Michael A. (2017).
1793:Moser, Michael A. (2005).
1768:Мозер, Михаэль А. (2002).
1644:Danylenko, Andrii (2004).
1304:, p. 98-100, 103–104.
1090:Kamusella, Tomasz (2021).
550:
544:
538:
532:
526:
437:Ruthenian Language Grammar
413:
29:
3529:
3248:Slavic dialects of Greece
2585:
2441:
2359:Thalerhof internment camp
2125:
1875:Harvard Ukrainian Studies
1847:Harvard Ukrainian Studies
1729:Harvard Ukrainian Studies
1224:
892:variety of this language.
886:Common Ruthenian language
882:Ruthenian common language
864:variety of this language.
794:
780:
766:
740:
724:
702:
584:
462:Names in contemporary use
180:Official language in
52:
2498:World Congress of Rusyns
2020:Waring, Alan G. (1980).
1894:Pugh, Stefan M. (1996).
1869:Pugh, Stefan M. (1985).
1723:Frick, David A. (1985).
1569:Canadian Slavonic Papers
1549:Borzecki, Jerzy (1996).
1207:
1202:
1001:Galicia (Eastern Europe)
821:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
342:empires, the same term (
289:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
185:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
36:Pannonian Rusyn language
30:Not to be confused with
2059:viduramziu.istorija.net
1748:Leeming, Harry (1974).
1703:Dingley, James (1972).
1624:Bunčić, Daniel (2015).
1613:Bunčić, Daniel (2006).
1006:Ruthenian Uniate Church
562:opposition to literary
2503:Carpatho-Rusyn Society
1210:. 1588. Archived from
1029:Ж. Некрашевич-Короткая
951:
843:
795:литово-славянский язык
653:
636:
625:
605:
600:
447:
429:
418:
355:
347:
3561:East Slavic languages
3379:Taimyr Pidgin Russian
2053:Zinkevičius, Zigmas.
1563:Brock, Peter (1972).
1522:, p. 82-83, 110.
1066:. pp. 131, 140.
975:Hramatyka slovenskaia
961:High Ruthenian, from
943:
781:литовско-русский язык
697:language or dialect (
651:
539:простый руский (язык)
435:
424:
396:
2552:Alexander Dukhnovych
2478:Carpathian Mountains
2364:Galician Russophilia
2354:Alexander Dukhnovych
1183:"Ukrainian Language"
1060:A History of Ukraine
767:Староукраїнська мова
725:Старабеларуская мова
397:A fragment from the
3405:Pan-Slavic language
3204:Burgenland Croatian
3084:Marcho-Magdeburgian
2681:Old Church Slavonic
2562:Paul Robert Magocsi
1963:Stang, Christian S.
1939:Shevelov, George Y.
1916:Shevelov, George Y.
1667:Die Welt der Slaven
1633:Die Welt der Slaven
1333:, p. 100, 102.
1315:Ivanov, Vyacheslav.
1189:. 17 February 2024.
813:Old Church Slavonic
703:западнорусский язык
644:Names in modern use
626:ruthenische Sprache
556:Hryhorii Khodkevych
441:Stepan Smal-Stotsky
348:ruthenische Sprache
187:(later replaced by
146:Proto-Indo-European
3566:Medieval languages
3556:Ruthenian language
3491:Illič-Svityč's law
3471:Monophthongization
2979:Camaldolese Slovak
2792:Canadian Ukrainian
2658:Up to Proto-Slavic
2651:Proto-Balto-Slavic
2591:WikiProject Rusyns
2461:Zakarpattia Oblast
2202:Ruthenian language
1486:, p. 166-171.
1426:, p. 101-102.
1345:, p. 129-147.
1290:Verkholantsev 2008
1253:, p. 221-260.
1239:Verkholantsev 2008
1160:, p. 119-135.
1148:, p. 276-289.
952:
773:Lithuanian-Russian
741:белорусский (язык)
654:
452:Ruthenian language
448:
430:
419:
151:Proto-Balto-Slavic
18:Chancery Ruthenian
3543:
3542:
3536:extinct languages
3367:Solombala English
3298:
3297:
3221:Prekmurje Slovene
3134:
3133:
2914:
2913:
2768:Doukhobor Russian
2691:Glagolitic script
2600:
2599:
2577:Gregory Žatkovich
2486:
2485:
2473:Vojvodina, Serbia
2428:
2427:
2415:Operation Vistula
2384:Komancza Republic
2331:Union of Uzhhorod
2254:Eastern Orthodoxy
2242:Greek Catholicism
2170:
2169:
1280:, p. 97–121.
1268:, p. 80-115.
1172:, p. 87-104.
1105:978-0-367-56984-6
805:Chancery Slavonic
787:Lithuanian-Slavic
743:) when referring
731:. The denotation
664:(foreign) names.
477:Common endonyms:
401:, regulating the
249:
248:
16:(Redirected from
3573:
3437:Slavonic-Serbian
3288:Cieszyn Silesian
3159:Carpathian Rusyn
3147:
2925:
2814:
2699:Modern languages
2634:Slavic languages
2627:
2620:
2613:
2604:
2557:Adolf Dobriansky
2466:Maramureș County
2439:
2379:Carpatho-Ukraine
2303:East–West Schism
2276:
2150:Pannonian Rusyns
2123:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2079:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2036:
2026:
2016:
1995:
1972:
1958:
1934:
1924:
1911:
1890:
1858:
1837:
1814:
1805:(1/2): 125–142.
1789:
1780:(3/4): 221–260.
1764:
1754:
1744:
1719:
1709:
1699:
1674:
1657:
1640:
1630:
1620:
1609:
1592:
1559:
1557:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1496:Struminskyj 1984
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1412:
1411:, p. 82-83.
1406:
1400:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1134:
1133:, p. 53-60.
1128:
1122:
1121:, p. 25-52.
1116:
1110:
1109:
1087:
1078:
1077:
1055:
1049:
1046:
1037:
1035:
1025:
963:Francysk Skaryna
948:
844:lingua ruthenica
796:
782:
768:
742:
726:
704:
608:
601:lingua ruthenica
591:Common exonyms:
586:
578:
569:In contemporary
553:
552:
547:
546:
541:
540:
535:
534:
529:
528:
515:
507:
502:
496:
491:
485:
416:
415:
410:
340:Austro-Hungarian
231:
214:
205:
98:
45:
21:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3525:
3448:
3442:
3396:
3389:
3319:Bohemian Romani
3304:Mixed languages
3294:
3271:Pannonian Rusyn
3252:
3194:Banat Bulgarian
3180:
3142:
3130:
3100:
2998:
2990:Pannonian Rusyn
2910:
2853:
2835:
2803:
2763:Alaskan Russian
2738:Old Novgorodian
2731:Old East Slavic
2704:
2686:Cyrillic script
2676:Church Slavonic
2636:
2631:
2601:
2596:
2595:
2581:
2545:Notable figures
2540:
2507:
2482:
2446:Carpathian Rus'
2424:
2403:
2340:
2312:
2265:
2228:
2212:Old East Slavic
2207:Church Slavonic
2194:Cyrillic script
2189:Pannonian Rusyn
2166:
2160:Rusyn Americans
2112:
2106:
2068:
2066:
2065:on 10 July 2009
2052:
2044:
2039:
2035:(3/4): 129–147.
2024:
2019:
2013:
2005:. Berlin: LIT.
1998:
1992:
1975:
1971:. Oslo: Dybwad.
1961:
1955:
1937:
1922:
1914:
1908:
1893:
1868:
1840:
1834:
1817:
1792:
1767:
1752:
1747:
1722:
1707:
1702:
1690:(1/2): 97–121.
1677:
1660:
1643:
1628:
1623:
1612:
1595:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1538:
1530:
1526:
1520:Danylenko 2006a
1518:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1494:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1470:
1466:
1458:
1454:
1446:
1442:
1434:
1430:
1424:Danylenko 2006b
1422:
1415:
1409:Danylenko 2006a
1407:
1403:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1341:
1337:
1331:Danylenko 2006b
1329:
1325:
1312:
1308:
1302:Danylenko 2006b
1300:
1296:
1288:
1284:
1278:Danylenko 2006b
1276:
1272:
1266:Danylenko 2006a
1264:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1241:, p. 1-17.
1237:
1233:
1217:
1215:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1168:
1164:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1137:
1129:
1125:
1117:
1113:
1106:
1098:. p. 127.
1089:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1014:
987:
950:
946:
938:
924:Terminological
910:South Ruthenian
904:White Ruthenian
896:North Ruthenian
809:Chancery Slavic
749:Fyodor Buslayev
671:One "s" terms:
646:
564:Church Slavonic
513:Prosta(ja) mova
497:, and also as:
464:
450:Since the term
445:Theodor Gartner
428:printed in 1517
426:Ruthenian Bible
391:
379:Old East Slavic
295:regions of the
227:
224:
212:
201:
181:
174:Official status
169:
161:Old East Slavic
141:
134:
99:
96:Language family
94:
77:Developed into
64:regions of the
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3579:
3577:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3548:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3516:Van Wijk's law
3513:
3511:Ruki sound law
3508:
3506:Pedersen's law
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3452:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3401:
3399:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3375:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3351:
3349:Romano-Serbian
3346:
3341:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3280:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3266:Eastern Slovak
3262:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3196:
3190:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3155:
3153:
3144:
3140:Microlanguages
3136:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3116:
3110:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3022:
3011:East Lechitic
3008:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2985:Eastern Slovak
2982:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2966:White Croatian
2963:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2942:Biblical Czech
2933:
2931:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2874:Serbo-Croatian
2871:
2863:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2822:
2820:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2779:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2750:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2714:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2673:
2661:
2654:
2646:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2607:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2394:Lesko uprising
2391:
2389:Lemko Republic
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2326:Union of Brest
2322:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2282:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2238:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2184:Rusyn language
2180:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2050:
2043:
2042:External links
2040:
2038:
2037:
2017:
2011:
1996:
1990:
1973:
1959:
1953:
1935:
1912:
1906:
1891:
1881:(1/2): 53–60.
1866:
1859:
1838:
1832:
1815:
1799:Studia Slavica
1790:
1774:Studia Slavica
1765:
1745:
1735:(1/2): 25–52.
1720:
1700:
1684:Studia Slavica
1675:
1658:
1641:
1621:
1610:
1593:
1575:(2): 153–190.
1560:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1534:, p. 277.
1524:
1512:
1510:, p. 126.
1500:
1488:
1476:
1464:
1452:
1440:
1438:, p. 577.
1428:
1413:
1401:
1356:
1347:
1335:
1323:
1306:
1294:
1282:
1270:
1255:
1243:
1231:
1192:
1187:Britannica.com
1174:
1162:
1150:
1135:
1123:
1111:
1104:
1079:
1072:
1050:
1038:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1003:
998:
996:Slavic studies
993:
986:
983:
982:
981:
978:
959:
945:
937:
934:
932:designations.
922:
921:
907:
893:
879:
865:
851:
848:lingua ruthena
825:
824:
802:
784:
770:
756:
717:Old Belarusian
714:
692:
645:
642:
641:
640:
629:
618:
606:lingua ruthena
589:
588:
585:Литовский язык
567:
554:) – publisher
516:(meaning: the
509:
483:Ruska(ja) mova
463:
460:
390:
387:
247:
246:
241:
233:
232:
225:
220:
217:
216:
206:
198:
197:
196:Language codes
193:
192:
182:
179:
176:
175:
171:
170:
168:
167:
166:
165:
164:
163:
144:
142:
139:
136:
135:
133:
132:
131:
130:
129:
128:
127:
126:
102:
100:
93:
90:
89:
75:
69:
68:
59:
58:Native to
55:
54:
50:
49:
32:Rusyn language
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3578:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3537:
3533:
3528:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3501:Meillet's law
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3317:20th century
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3236:Slavomolisano
3234:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3176:West Polesian
3174:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3119:Lower Sorbian
3117:
3115:
3114:Upper Sorbian
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3079:West Lechitic
3077:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3038:Middle Polish
3035:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2899:Slavomolisano
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2868:Alpine Slavic
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2798:
2797:Simple speech
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2723:Simple speech
2721:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2628:
2623:
2621:
2616:
2614:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:Organizations
2489:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2456:Prešov Region
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2421:
2420:Ukrainization
2418:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2369:Magyarization
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2103:
2098:
2096:
2091:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2012:9783825804657
2008:
2004:
2003:
1997:
1993:
1991:9780936586045
1987:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1954:9783533027867
1950:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1933:(2): 145–156.
1932:
1928:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1907:9780916458751
1903:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1833:9781487500900
1829:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1763:(2): 123–144.
1762:
1758:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1718:(4): 369–384.
1717:
1713:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1639:(2): 276–289.
1638:
1634:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1594:
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1546:
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1533:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1501:
1498:, p. 33.
1497:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1477:
1474:, p. 40.
1473:
1472:Borzecki 1996
1468:
1465:
1462:, p. 23.
1461:
1460:Borzecki 1996
1456:
1453:
1450:, p. 31.
1449:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1436:Shevelov 1979
1432:
1429:
1425:
1420:
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1232:
1228:
1214:on 2018-06-29
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994:
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989:
988:
984:
979:
977:, 1643, 1645)
976:
972:
971:Ivan Uzhevych
969:1517–25), to
968:
964:
960:
957:
956:
955:
942:
936:Periodization
935:
933:
931:
927:
919:
918:Red Ruthenian
915:
911:
908:
905:
901:
897:
894:
891:
887:
883:
880:
877:
873:
869:
866:
863:
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818:
814:
810:
806:
803:
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792:
788:
785:
778:
774:
771:
764:
760:
759:Old Ukrainian
757:
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746:
738:
734:
730:
722:
718:
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712:
708:
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612:
607:
602:
598:
594:
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592:
582:
577:
572:
568:
565:
561:
557:
545:простая молва
527:прост(ѧ) мова
523:
519:
518:simple speech
514:
510:
506:
501:
495:
490:
484:
480:
479:
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369:(native) and
368:
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222:Linguist List
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125:
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107:
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104:Indo-European
101:
97:
91:
88:
84:
80:
76:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60:
56:
51:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3531:
3521:Winter's law
3481:Havlík's law
3435:
3428:
3421:
3377:
3365:
3358:
3333:Mednyj Aleut
3331:
3324:
3316:
3186:South Slavic
3143:and dialects
3050:
3036:
3029:
2977:
2953:
2948:Czechoslovak
2946:
2929:Czech-Slovak
2866:
2841:Transitional
2809:South Slavic
2746:
2745:
2736:
2729:
2697:
2665:Proto-Slavic
2663:
2656:
2649:
2521:Prostopinije
2408:Contemporary
2374:Polonization
2318:Early Modern
2288:White Croats
2201:
2067:. Retrieved
2063:the original
2058:
2032:
2028:
2001:
1981:
1967:
1943:
1930:
1926:
1896:
1878:
1874:
1863:Movoznavstvo
1862:
1846:
1823:
1802:
1798:
1777:
1773:
1760:
1756:
1732:
1728:
1715:
1711:
1687:
1683:
1673:(1): 80–115.
1670:
1666:
1653:
1649:
1636:
1632:
1615:
1605:
1601:
1572:
1568:
1551:
1527:
1515:
1508:Leeming 1974
1503:
1491:
1479:
1467:
1455:
1443:
1431:
1404:
1388:
1376:
1364:
1359:
1350:
1338:
1326:
1313:
1309:
1297:
1292:, p. 1.
1285:
1273:
1246:
1234:
1222:
1216:. Retrieved
1212:the original
1195:
1186:
1177:
1165:
1153:
1126:
1114:
1091:
1059:
1053:
1034:(in Russian)
1028:
974:
953:
929:
923:
917:
909:
903:
895:
885:
881:
871:
867:
857:
853:
847:
835:
831:
826:
808:
804:
786:
772:
758:
744:
735:(language) (
732:
716:
695:West Russian
694:
684:
680:
676:
672:
666:
655:
614:
610:
590:
533:простй ѧзыкъ
521:
517:
476:
465:
451:
449:
436:
425:
414:рꙋскиⸯ єзыкь
403:official use
389:Nomenclature
360:
333:
331:languages.
301:distribution
251:
250:
243:
236:
208:
156:Proto-Slavic
123:
109:Balto-Slavic
53:рускїй ѧзыкъ
3496:Ivšić's law
3423:Army Slavic
3410:Interslavic
3395:Constructed
3258:West Slavic
3151:East Slavic
2920:West Slavic
2889:Montenegrin
2710:East Slavic
2572:Steve Ditko
2567:Andy Warhol
2346:Late Modern
2293:Rus' people
2280:Middle Ages
2198:Precursors
1532:Bunčić 2015
1343:Waring 1980
1146:Bunčić 2015
799:Baranovskiy
637:Rutén nyelv
551:проста мова
522:simple talk
383:Kievan Rus'
356:Rutén nyelv
299:. Regional
293:East Slavic
283:linguistic
281:East Slavic
270:other names
268:; see also
140:Early forms
119:East Slavic
62:East Slavic
3550:Categories
3486:Hirt's law
3476:Dybo's law
3447:Historical
3360:Russenorsk
3339:Ponaschemu
3231:Shtokavian
3171:Podlachian
3072:Slovincian
3062:Pomeranian
3031:Old Polish
2831:Macedonian
2718:Belarusian
1656:(1): 1–32.
1542:Literature
1484:Brock 1972
1397:030010586X
1385:0880334576
1373:1847692974
1251:Мозер 2002
1218:2019-10-25
1170:Moser 2018
1158:Moser 2017
1119:Frick 1985
1073:0802008305
1012:References
900:Belarusian
890:vernacular
789:language (
775:language (
761:language (
733:Belarusian
729:Kryzhanich
721:Belarusian
719:language (
711:Shakhmatov
411:language (
375:glottonyms
373:(foreign)
363:linguistic
321:Belarusian
309:vernacular
79:Belarusian
3534:indicate
3449:phonology
3397:languages
3385:Trasianka
3211:Kajkavian
3199:Chakavian
3124:Schleifer
3067:Kashubian
2849:Torlakian
2826:Bulgarian
2782:Ukrainian
2747:Ruthenian
2451:Lemkovyna
2434:Geography
2218:Literary
2135:Dolinyans
1448:Pugh 1996
1131:Pugh 1985
1096:Routledge
991:Linguonym
930:Ruthenian
926:dichotomy
914:Ukrainian
832:Ruthenian
763:Ukrainian
658:endonymic
633:Hungarian
617:language.
611:Ruthenian
560:diglossic
520:, or the
367:endonymic
352:Hungarian
325:Ukrainian
285:varieties
277:linguonym
252:Ruthenian
238:Glottolog
203:ISO 639-3
124:Ruthenian
83:Ukrainian
48:Ruthenian
40:Ruthenium
3430:Iazychie
3354:Runglish
3312:Balachka
3283:Silesian
3241:Bunjevac
3089:Polabian
3046:Silesian
3025:dialects
3020:Masurian
3004:Lechitic
2961:Moravian
2884:Croatian
2787:dialects
2758:dialects
2234:Religion
2222:Iazychie
2176:Language
2155:Diaspora
2069:2 August
1965:(1935).
1941:(1979).
1918:(1974).
1887:41036132
1855:44983536
1741:41036131
1589:40866428
985:See also
876:chancery
862:literary
817:chancery
662:exonymic
576:Litovsky
468:endonyms
456:exonymic
371:exonymic
361:Several
336:Austrian
305:literary
274:exonymic
272:) is an
3532:Italics
3417:Lydnevi
3373:Surzhyk
3106:Sorbian
2955:Knaanic
2906:Slovene
2894:Serbian
2879:Bosnian
2859:Western
2818:Eastern
2753:Russian
2642:History
2536:Pysanky
2512:Culture
2271:History
2140:Hutsuls
2118:Peoples
1608:: 3–14.
836:Ruthene
791:Russian
777:Russian
753:Karskiy
737:Russian
707:Karskiy
699:Russian
689:Russian
673:Rus’ian
615:Ruthene
581:Russian
500:ру́скїй
489:ру́скаꙗ
472:exonyms
405:of the
334:In the
317:Ukraine
313:Belarus
291:and in
263:ру́скїй
256:ру́скаꙗ
229:orv-olr
73:Extinct
3344:Quelia
3226:Resian
3015:Polish
2973:Slovak
2670:Accent
2145:Lemkos
2130:Boykos
2111:topics
2109:Rusyns
2009:
1988:
1951:
1904:
1885:
1853:
1830:
1739:
1587:
1395:
1383:
1371:
1102:
1070:
947:
677:Rusian
622:German
571:Russia
505:ѧзы́къ
344:German
327:, and
266:ѧзы́къ
189:Polish
114:Slavic
3278:Goral
3216:Pomak
3164:Lemko
2937:Czech
2777:Rusyn
2025:(PDF)
1923:(PDF)
1883:JSTOR
1851:JSTOR
1753:(PDF)
1737:JSTOR
1708:(PDF)
1629:(PDF)
1585:JSTOR
1556:(PDF)
884:, or
870:, or
856:, or
840:Latin
807:, or
685:Ruski
681:Rusky
603:, or
597:Latin
494:мо́ва
439:, by
408:rusky
329:Rusyn
259:мо́ва
87:Rusyn
38:, or
3094:Rani
3052:Lach
2071:2018
2007:ISBN
1986:ISBN
1949:ISBN
1902:ISBN
1828:ISBN
1393:ISBN
1381:ISBN
1369:ISBN
1100:ISBN
1068:ISBN
745:both
709:and
454:was
443:and
338:and
315:and
307:and
244:None
209:None
85:and
1807:doi
1782:doi
1692:doi
1577:doi
967:fl.
834:or
819:of
683:or
631:in
620:in
613:or
595:in
542:or
530:or
261:or
213:mis
3552::
2057:.
2031:.
2027:.
1980:.
1929:.
1925:.
1877:.
1873:.
1845:.
1822:.
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1714:.
1710:.
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1682:.
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1654:52
1652:.
1648:.
1637:60
1635:.
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1606:64
1604:.
1600:.
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1573:14
1571:.
1567:.
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2015:.
1994:.
1957:.
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1836:.
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