Chandragupta Maurya - Knowledge (XXG)

807: 61: 262: 2043:. The earliest and most important inscriptions mention Prabhacandra, which Rice presumed may have been the "clerical name assumed by Chadragupta Maurya" after he renounced and moved with Bhadrabahu from Patliputra. Dikshitar stated there is no evidence to support this and Prabhacandra was an important Jain monk scholar who migrated centuries after Chandragupta Maurya's death. Other scholars have taken Rice's deduction of Chandragupta Maurya retiring and dying in Shravanabelagola as the working hypothesis, since no alternative historical information or evidence is available about Chandragupta's final years and death. 2050:, "A closer look at the evidence for Chandragupta's conversion to Jainism and his and Bhadrabāhu's association with Śravaṇa Beḷgoḷa reveals that it is both late and problematic. In addition, except for Jain sources, there is no evidence to support the view of Chandragupta's conversion and migration." Jansari concludes, "Overall, therefore, the evidence as it currently stands suggests that the story of Chandragupta's conversion to Jainism and abdication (if, indeed, he did abdicate), his migration southwards and his association (or otherwise) with Bhadrabāhu and the site of Śravaṇa Beḷgoḷa developed after c.600 AD." 1236:) inside. He concluded these goddesses were protecting the town people. The townspeople sought the disguised mendicant's advice on how to end the blockade of the army surrounding their town. Hemacandra wrote Chanakya swindled them into removing the mother goddesses. The townspeople removed the protective goddesses and an easy victory over the town followed. Thereafter, the alliance of Chandragupta and Parvataka overran the Nanda empire and attacked Pataliputra with an "immeasurable army". With a depleted treasury, exhausted merit, and insufficient intelligence, the Nanda emperor lost. 2729:

the kingdom's founder, Ashoka's grandfather Chandragupta, who was possibly a contemporary of Alexander. Evidence in the form of a Sanskrit treatise called the Arthashastra – depicting a centralized, tyrannical, spy-ridden and compul sively controlling regime – probably does not pertain to Mauryan times. If its political world was not pure theory, it could only have been achieved within a small city-state, not a realm as vast as that defined by the distribution of Ashoka's inscriptions, over some 1500 miles from Afghanistan to southern India.

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empire and increase imperial revenues. It states in verses 8.415 to 8.435, that for 15 years as emperor, Chandragupta was a follower of non-Jain "ascetics with the wrong view of religion" and "lusted for women". Chanakya, who was a Jain convert himself, persuaded Chandragupta to convert to Jainism by showing that Jain ascetics avoided women and focused on their religion. The legend mentions Chanakya aiding the premature birth of Bindusara, It states in verse 8.444 that "Chandragupta died in meditation (can possibly be

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core, empire travelled stringy routes dotted with armed cities. Outside the palace, in the capital cities, the highest ranks in the imperial elite were held by military commanders whose active loyalty and success in war determined imperial fortunes. Wherever these men failed or rebelled, dynastic power crumbled. ... Imperial society flourished where elites mingled; they were its backbone, its strength was theirs. Kautilya’s

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Alexander's successors in north-western India. He states that after Alexander's death, Chandragupta freed Indian territories from the Greeks and executed some of the governors. According to Boesche, this war with the northwestern territories was in part fought by mercenaries hired by Chandragupta and Chanakya, and these wars may have been the cause of the demise of two of Alexander's governors,

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court for dispensing justice, to offer sacrifices, for celebrations, and for hunting. During celebrations, he was well-guarded, and on hunts, he was surrounded by female guards who were presumed to be less likely to participate in a coup conspiracy. These strategies may have resulted from the historical context of the Nanda emperor who had come to power by assassinating the previous emperor.

1123:-language Buddhist sources. Chandragupta became a commander of the Nanda Army, but according to Justin, Chandragupta offended the Nanda king ("Nandrum" or "Nandrus") who ordered his execution. An alternative version states that it was the Nanda king who was publicly insulted by Chanakya. Chandragupta and Chanakya escaped and became rebels who planned to remove the Nanda king from power. The 1671:. There are varying accounts in the historic, legendary, and hagiographic literature of various Indian religions about Chandragupta's rule, but Allchin and Erdosy' are suspect; they state, "one cannot but be struck by the many close correspondences between the (Hindu) Arthashastra and the two other major sources the (Buddhist) Asokan inscriptions and (Greek) Megasthenes text". 1996:

fifth-century, with their first expanded Digambara version of sectarian split within Jainism appearing in the tenth-century. The Svetambaras texts describe Bhadrabahu was based near Nepalese foothills of the Himalayas in third-century BCE, who neither moved nor travelled with Chandragupta Maurya to the south; rather, he died near Patliputra, according to the Svetambara Jains.

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administrative structure managed city affairs, including all matters related to trade, merchant activity, visit of foreigners, harbors, roads, temples, markets, and industries. They also collected taxes and ensured standardized weights and measures. The third administrative body overlooked the military, its training, its weapons supply, and the needs of the soldiers.

1440:– allude to the Nanda rule and Maurya empire. For example, poems 69, 281 and 375 mention the army and chariots of the Mauryas, while poems 251 and 265 may be alluding to the Nandas. However, the poems dated between first-century BCE to fifth-century CE do not mention Chandragupta Maurya by name, and some of them could be referring to a different Moriya dynasty in the 2693:

kingdom expanded under the Maurya dynasty in the fourth and fifth centuries BCE to become an empire embracing almost the whole of the subcontinent. Chandragupta Maurya founded the dynasty in 322 BCE, just a few years after Alexander the Great's brief foray into northwestern India. The Maurya empire reached its apogee under the reign of Ashoka (268–231 BCE)

2468:: "If the Jaina tradition is to be believed, Chandragupta was converted to the religion of Mahavira. He is said to have abdicated his throne and passed his last days at Sravana Belgola in Mysore. Greek evidence, however, suggests that the first Maurya did not give up the performance of Brahmanical sacrificial rites and was far from following the Jaina creed of 2283: 686:, who usurped the throne of the king before him. Justin states that Chandragupta was of humble origin, and includes stories of miraculous legends associated with him, such as a wild elephant appearing and submitting itself to him as a ride to him before a battle. Justin's text notes that Chandragupta and Chanakya defeated and removed Nanda from his throne. 2667:

origins of the Maurya family remain uncertain, but consensus holds that Chandragupta was low-born. One popular account asserts he was the previous king's son by a low-ranked queen or concubine and overthrew his royal half-brothers. Maurya means "peacock," and some Jain texts identify his family as low peacock herders, ranked by Brahmans as Shudra at best.

2810:) are: R. C. Majumdar, M.A., Ph.D. Vice-Chancellor, Dacca University; H. C. Raychaudhuri, M.A., Ph.D., Carmichael Professor of Ancient Indian History and Culture, Calcutta University; and Kalikinkar Datta, M.A., Ph.D. Premchand Raychand Scholar, Mount Medallist, Griffith Prizeman, Professor and Head of the Department of History, Patna College, Patna 980:'s death and his accession. As with the Buddha's death, the date of Mahavira's death itself is also a matter of debate, and the inconsistencies and lack of unanimity among the Jain authors cast doubt on Jain sources. This Digambara Jain chronology, also, is not reconcilable with the chronology implied in other Indian and non-Indian sources. 2767:, where key institutions seem to have survived for about seven hundred years, down to the age of the Guptas. Here, Mauryan officials ruled local society, but not elsewhere. In provincial towns and cities, officials formed a top layer of royalty; under them, old conquered royal families were not removed, but rather subordinated. In most 1051:

community chief deliver a baby boy. In exchange, he asked the mother to give up the boy and let him adopt him at a later date. The Jain Brahmin then went about making money through magic, and returned later to claim young Chandragupta, whom he taught and trained. Together, they recruited soldiers and attacked the

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strong foothold in the Oxus to the Indus interaction zone of Indian history. The evidence is in some cases, as in the cases of Gujarat, Bengal, and Assam, shadowy, but if Chandragupta had undertaken expeditions in these directions, there would have been echoes of these expeditions in the literary traditions.

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Around 270 bce, the first Indian documentary records, issued by the Buddhist king Ashoka, were added to the Greek source. Though Ashoka's inscriptions were deciphered in the nineteenth century, we still cannot be sure about the political formation that existed under this Mauryan king, much less under

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from a solid infrastructure such as irrigation, temples, mines, and roads. Ancient epigraphical evidence suggests Chandragupta, under counsel from Chanakya, started and completed many irrigation reservoirs and networks across the Indian subcontinent to ensure food supplies for the civilian population

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gave these regions to Chandragupta along with a marriage treaty, and in return received five hundred elephants. The details of the engagement treaty are not known. However, since the extensive sources available on Seleucus never mention an Indian princess, it is thought that the marital alliance went

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We are assuming that the basic historical-geographical configuration of the Magadhan power was achieved before the beginning of the Maurya dynasty, whose founder Chandragupta Maurya simply added to it the stretch from the Indus valley to the southern foot of the Hindukush, giving the Mauryan India a

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The circumstances and year of Chandragupta's death are unclear and disputed. According to Digambara Jain accounts, Bhadrabahu forecast a 12-year famine because of all the killing and violence during the conquests by Chandragupta Maurya. He led a group of Jain monks to south India, where Chandragupta

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mentions a couple of miraculous incidents that involved Sandracottus (Chandragupta) and presents these legends as omens and portents of his fate. In the first incident, when Chandragupta was asleep after having escaped from Nandrum, a big lion came up to him, licked him, and then left. In the second

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The political history of the centuries following the rise of Buddhism and Jainism saw the emergence and consolidation of powerful regional states in northern India. Among the strongest of these was the kingdom of Magadha, with its capital at Pataliputra (near the modern city of Patna). The Magadhan

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Along with texts, several Digambara Jain inscriptions dating from the 7th–15th century refer to Bhadrabahu and a Prabhacandra. Later Digambara tradition identified the Prabhacandra as Chandragupta, and some modern era scholars have accepted this Digambara tradition while others have not, Several of

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According to Megasthenes, Chandragupta's rule was marked by three parallel administrative structures. One managed the affairs of villages, ensuring irrigation, recording land ownership, monitoring tools supply, enforcing hunting, wood products and forest-related laws, and settling disputes. Another

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composed about 300 years after Chandragupta's death, describes aspects of his rule in his chapter XV.46–69. He had councillors for matters of justice and assessors to collect taxes on commercial activity and trade goods. He routinely performed Vedic sacrifices, Brahmanical rituals, and hosted major

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in the area was commissioned during the rule of Chandragupta through his governor Vaishya Pushyagupta and conduits were added during Ashoka's rule through Tushaspha. The Mauryan control of the region is further corroborated by the inscription on the rock, which suggests that Chandragupta controlled

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in Shravanabelagola. Long states scholars attribute the disintegration of the Maurya empire to the times and actions of Samprati Chandragupta – the grandson of Ashoka and great-great-grandson of Chandragupta Maurya. The two Chandraguptas have been confused to be the same in some Digambara legends.

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era (1st-4th century CE) have also been proposed. The competing theories state that the art linked to Chandragupta Maurya's dynasty was learnt from the Greeks and West Asia in the years Alexander the Great waged war; or that these artifacts belong to an older indigenous Indian tradition. Frederick

1189:. The army of Chandragupta and Chanakya first conquered the Nanda outer territories before invading Pataliputra. In contrast to the easy victory of Buddhist sources, the Hindu and Jain texts state that the campaign was bitterly fought because the Nanda dynasty had a powerful and well-trained army. 1995:

says the Svetambara tradition of Jainism disputes the ancient Digambara legends. According to a fifth-century text of the Svetambara Jains, the Digambara sect of Jainism was founded 609 years after Mahavira's death, or in first-century CE. Digambaras wrote their own versions and legends after the

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Quote: "The geography of the Mauryan Empire resembled a spider with a small dense body and long spindly legs. The highest echelons of imperial society lived in the inner circle composed of the ruler, his immediate family, other relatives, and close allies, who formed a dynastic core. Outside the

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Chanakya was concerned about Chandragupta's safety and developed elaborate techniques to prevent assassination attempts. Various sources report Chandragupta frequently changed bedrooms to confuse conspirators. He left his palace only for certain tasks: to go on military expeditions, to visit his

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refers to the Nanda rule as against the spiritual, cultural, and military interests of the country, a period where intrigue and vice multiplied. Chanakya states that Chandragupta returned dharma, nurtured diversity of views, and ruled virtuously that kindled love among the subjects for his rule.

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Chandragupta (r. 320 – c. 298 BCE) led a rebellion that seized power in Magadha and founded the Maurya Dynasty. He located his capital Pataliputra (today's Patna) at an especially strategic trading and defensive location, on the south bank of the Ganges where the Son River joined it. The actual

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The 12th-century Svetambara Jain legend by Hemachandra presents a different picture. The Hemachandra version includes stories about Jain monks who could become invisible to steal food from imperial storage and the Jain Brahmin Chanakya using violence and cunning tactics to expand Chandragupta's

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repaired and enlarged the reservoir and irrigation conduit infrastructure built by Chandragupta and enhanced by Asoka. Chandragupta's empire also built mines, manufacturing centres, and networks for trading goods. His rule developed land routes to transport goods across the Indian subcontinent.

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states that this army was raised by Chanakya with coins he minted and an alliance formed with Parvataka. According to Justin, Chandragupta organized an army. Early translators interpreted Justin's original expression as "body of robbers", but states Raychaudhuri, the original expression used by

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was a Jain layperson and a Brahmin. When Chanakya was born, Jain monks prophesied that Chanakya will one day grow up to help make someone an emperor and will be the power behind the throne. Chanakya believed in the prophecy and fulfilled it by agreeing to help the daughter of a peacock-breeding

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ended before Chandragupta came into power. Alexander had left India in 325 BCE and assigned the northwestern Indian subcontinent territories to Greek governors. The nature of early relationship between these governors and Chandragupta is unknown. Justin mentions Chandragupta as a rival of the

2462:, pp. 44: "It is interesting to leam that the king left his palace to offer sacrifices also. The fact probably shows that Chandragupta was a Brahmanical Hindu at least for the greater part of his life, although he inclined towards Jainism during his last days, according to Jain authors. 1819:

The evidence of arts and architecture during Chandragupta's time is mostly limited to texts such as those by Megasthenese and Kautilya. The edict inscriptions and carvings on monumental pillars are attributed to his grandson Ashoka. The texts imply the existence of cities, public works, and

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There are no records of Chandragupta's military conquests and the reach of his empire. It is based on inferences from Greek and Roman historians and the religious Indian texts written centuries after his death. Based on these, the North-West reach of his empire included parts of present-day

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is the main and earliest Jain source of the complete legend of Chandragupta. It was written nearly 1,400 years after Chandragupta's death. Canto 8, verses 170 to 469, describes the legend of Chandragupta and Chanakya's influence on him. Other Digambara Jain sources state he moved to

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Chandragupta's life and accomplishments are described in ancient and historical Greek, Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain texts, but they significantly vary in detail. Chandragupta was born about 340 BC and died at about 295 BC. His main biographical sources in chronological order are:

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Chandragupta and Chanakya seeded weapon manufacturing centres, and kept them as a state monopoly of the state. The state, however, encouraged competing private parties to operate mines and supply these centres. They considered economic prosperity essential to the pursuit of

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in the south, so the southern conquests may be attributed to either Chandragupta or his son Bindusara. If the Jain tradition about Chandragupta ending his life as a renunciate in Karnakata is considered correct, it appears that Chandragupta initiated the southern conquest.

1043:– the Nanda lineage was very short. Chandragupta was a son of Purva-Nanda, the older Nanda based in Ayodhya. The common theme in the Hindu sources is that Chandragupta came from a humble background and with Chanakya, he emerged as a dharmic king loved by his subjects. 1325:

under his own authority, putting his eastern front facing the empire of Chandragupta. Seleucus and Chandragupta waged war until they came to an understanding with each other. Seleucus married off his daughter, Berenice, to Chandragupta to forge an alliance.

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Maurya joined him as a monk after abdicating his kingdom to his son Bindusara. Together, states a Digambara legend, Chandragupta and Bhadrabahu moved to Shravanabelagola, in present-day south Karnataka. These Jain accounts appeared in texts such as

1174:, that the Nanda king was so unpopular that had Alexander tried, he could have easily conquered India. After Alexander ended his campaign and left, Chandragupta's army conquered the Nanda capital Pataliputra around 322 BCE with Chanakya's counsel. 933:-325 BCE). Assuming the Plutarch account is true, Raychaudhuri proposed in 1923 that Chandragupta may have been born after 350 BCE. According to other Greco-Roman texts, Chandragupta attacked the Greek-Indian governors after Alexander's death ( 713:

The pre-4th century Hindu Puranic texts mostly mirror the Greek sources. These texts do not discuss the details of Chandragupta's ancestry, but rather cover the ancestry of the last Nanda king. The Nanda king is described to be cruel, against

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According to Kaushik Roy, the Maurya dynasty rulers were "great road builders". The Greek ambassador Megasthenes credited this tradition to Chandragupta after the completion of a thousand-mile-long highway connecting Chandragupta's capital

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or non-injury to animals. He took delight in hunting, a practice that was continued by his son and alluded to by his grandson in his eighth Rock Edict. It is, however, possible that in his last days he showed some predilection for Jainism

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or nonviolence towards living beings. Chandragupta's reign, and the Maurya Empire, set an era of economic prosperity, reforms, infrastructure expansions, and tolerance. Many religions thrived within his realms and his descendants' empire.

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The texts do not include the start or end year of Chandragupta's reign. According to some Hindu and Buddhist texts, Chandragupta ruled for 24 years. The Buddhist sources state Chandragupta Maurya ruled 162 years after the death of the

768:). The Buddhist texts are inconsistent; some offer other legends to explain his epithet. For example, they mention a city named "Moriya-nagara" where all buildings were made of bricks colored like the peacock's neck. The 1030:

opposed this theory, and stated that the word should be interpreted as "the best of kings". The same drama also refers to Chandragupta as someone of humble origin, like Justin. According to the 11th-century texts of the

2456:, pp. 163–164: "... one of the occasions when the king came out of the palace was to offer sacrifice. This possibly implies that Chandragupta was known to the Greeks as a follower of the Brahmanical religion." 2039:– an Indologist and historian, several of the Digambara legends mention Prabhacandra, who had been misidentified as Chandragupta Maurya particularly after the original publication on Shravanabelagola epigraphy by 976:. However, the Buddha's birth and death vary by source and all these lead to a chronology that is significantly different from the Greco-Roman records. Similarly, Jain sources composed give different gaps between 2771:, the Mauryan Empire consisted of strategic urban sites connected loosely to vast hinterlands through lineages and local elites who were there when the Mauryas arrived and were still in control when they left." 1147:, Chandragupta and Chanakya raised an army by recruiting soldiers from many places after the former completed his education at Taxila. Chanakya made Chandragupta the leader of the army. The Digambara Jain text 885:

describes the legend of Bhadrabahu and mentions Chandragupta in its 131st story. However, the story makes no mention of the Maurya empire, and mentions that his disciple Chandragupta lived in and migrated from

423:, from 268 BCE to 231 BCE. The nature of the political formation that existed in Chandragupta's time is not certain. The Mauryan empire was a loose-knit one with large autonomous regions within its limits. 1968:", and Chandragupta who acquired such merit that he was worshipped by the forest deities. Another inscription of 1163 similarly couples and describes them. A third inscription of the year 1432 speaks of 1223:

methods with the help of mercenaries from conquered areas. Historian P. K. Bhattacharyya states that the empire was built by a gradual conquest of provinces after the initial consolidation of Magadha.

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According to the Digambara Jain version by Hemachandra, the success of Chandragupta and his strategist Chanakya was stopped by a Nanda town that refused to surrender. Chanakya disguised himself as a

658:; these are disputed by scholars as well as the Svetambara Jain tradition. The second Digambara text interpreted to be mentioning the Maurya emperor is dated to about the 10th-century such as in the 752:

noble family. These Buddhist sources attempt to link the dynasty of their patron Ashoka directly to the Buddha. The sources claim that the family branched off to escape persecution from a King of

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One medieval commentator states Chandragupta to be the son of one of the Nanda's wives with the name Mura. Other sources describe Mura as a concubine of the king. Another Sanskrit dramatic text

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in the preceding century had clearly established that "Nandrum" is the correct reading supported by multiple manuscripts: only a single defective manuscript mentions "Alexandrum" in the margin.

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discovered in 1917 buried beneath the banks of the Ganges suggest exceptional artisanal accomplishment. The site was dated to third century BCE by many scholars but later dates such as the

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Asher of the University of Minnesota says "we cannot pretend to have definitive answers; and perhaps, as with most art, we must recognize that there is no single answer or explanation".

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the other way, with Chandragupta himself or his son Bindusara marrying a Seleucid princess, in accordance with contemporary Greek practices to form dynastic alliances. An Indian

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in the north-west where he studied. The other major strategic road infrastructure credited to this tradition spread from Pataliputra in various directions, connecting it with

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R. C. Majumdar and D. D. Kosambi note that Seleucus appeared to have fared poorly after ceding large territories west of the Indus to Chandragupta. The Maurya Empire added

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Historically reliable details of Chandragupta's campaign into Pataliputra are unavailable and the legends written centuries later are inconsistent. Buddhist texts such as

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legends which developed 900 years later, contemporary Greek evidence states that Chandragupta did not give up performing the rites of sacrificing animals associated with

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origin. These sources, written about seven centuries after his dynasty ended, state that both Chandragupta and his grandson Ashoka – a patron of Buddhism – were

3400:; Quote: "Kautilya is believed to have been Chanakya, a Brahmin who served as prime Minister to Chandragupta (321–296 B.C.), the founder of the Mauryan Empire." 5072: 1805:(virtuous life) and adopted a policy of avoiding war with diplomacy yet continuously preparing the army for war to defend its interests and other ideas in the 1444:

region in the fifth century CE. According to Upinder Singh, these poems may be mentioning Mokur and Koshar kingdoms of Vadugars (northerners) in Karnataka and

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and Chandragupta met, which, if true, would mean his rule started before 321 BCE. He is described as a great king, but not as great in power and influence as

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and the army, a practice continued by his dynastic successors. Regional prosperity in agriculture was one of the required duties of his state officials.

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festivals marked by procession of elephants and horses. His officers inspected situations requiring law and order in the cities; the crime rate was low.

1917:. According to Roy, Chandragupta's abdication of throne may be dated to c. 298 BCE, and his death between 297 BCE and 293 BCE. His grandson was Emperor 1405:

After annexing Seleucus' provinces west of the Indus river, Chandragupta had a vast empire extending across the northern Indian sub-continent from the

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the late Digambara inscriptions and texts in Karnataka state the journey started from Ujjain and not Patliputra (as stated in some Digambara texts).

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incident, when Chandragupta was readying for war with Alexander's generals, a huge wild elephant approached him and offered itself to be his steed.

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Screen World Publication's 75 Glorious Years of Indian Cinema: Complete Filmography of All Films (silent & Hindi) Produced Between 1913-1988

1279: 923: 419:. He reigned from 320 BCE to 298 BCE. The Magadha kingdom expanded to become an empire that reached its peak under the reign of his grandson, 7109: 6297: 6257: 6133: 6113: 6093: 6049: 6022: 5985: 5965: 5938: 5879: 5847: 5827: 5807: 5746: 5649: 5603: 5581: 5561: 5521: 5481: 5461: 5441: 5417: 5388: 5359: 5339: 5319: 5299: 5176: 5148: 4893: 4850: 4823: 4667: 3464: 2752: 2721: 2630: 1529:, but there is no concrete evidence of this: the Indian sources apply it to several non-royals, especially wandering teachers and ascetics. 7403: 7368: 7353: 7325: 7320: 7154: 7046: 6901: 6601: 6169: 5699: 4991: 2212: 2493:

Some early printed editions of Justin's work wrongly mentioned "Alexandrum" instead of "Nandrum"; this error was corrected in philologist

1983:– a scholar of Jain and Hindu studies – says in one Digambara version, it was Samprati Chandragupta who renounced, migrated and performed 7428: 7358: 7343: 7094: 7051: 7011: 6820: 3810: 2241: 1092:. Chanakya saw him give orders to the others, bought him from the hunter, and adopted Chandragupta. Chanakya taught and admitted him in 4969: 7084: 6896: 5766: 4187: 873:– the Jain religious ritual of peacefully welcoming death by fasting. The earliest mention of Chandragupta's ritual death is found in 756:

and Chandragupta's ancestors moved into a secluded Himalayan kingdom known for its peacocks. The Buddhist sources explain the epithet

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In accordance with the Digambara tradition, the hill on which Chandragupta is stated to have performed asceticism is now known as

795:" was his counselor and with whose support Chandragupta became the king at Patliputra. He has also been variously identified with 6966: 6668: 1080:, with whom he studied as a child and with whose counsel he built the Empire. This image is a 1915 attempt at depicting Chanakya. 387: 678:

The Greek and Roman texts do not mention Chandragupta directly, except for a second-century text written by the Roman historian

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before abandoning his campaign in 324 BCE due to a mutiny caused by the prospect of facing another large empire, presumably the

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region of southern India. At the time of his grandson Ashoka's ascension in c. 268 BCE, the empire extended up to present-day

1088:. Broadly, they mention young Chandragupta creating a mock game of a royal court that he and his shepherd friends played near 7548: 7543: 7041: 6810: 1626: 478: 7492: 7036: 1026:. A later commentator used the former interpretation to posit that Chandragupta had a Shudra background. However, historian 4061:

Dupont-Sommer, André (1970). "Une nouvelle inscription araméenne d'Asoka trouvée dans la vallée du Laghman (Afghanistan)".

3235:"His surname Maurya is explained by Indian authorities as mean 'son of Mura,' who is described as a concubine of the king. 1761:

Chandragupta expanded "roads suitable for carts" as he preferred those over narrow tracks suitable for only pack animals.

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Greek and Roman sources, which are the oldest surviving records that mention Chandragupta. These include works written by

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believed "Alexandrum" to be correct reading, and theorized that Justin refers to a meeting between Chandragupta and

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The authors and their affiliations listed in the title page of the reference (which has the Knowledge (XXG) page

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claim Magadha was ruled by the Nanda dynasty, which, with Chanakya's counsel, Chandragupta conquered to restore

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Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan Languages

5787: 4784: 2709: 2498: 1288: 7016: 6876: 7528: 6971: 6840: 6794: 5240: 2310: 1517:

include "Chanda-siri" (Chandra-shri), "Piadamsana" (Priya-darshana), and Vrishala. Piadamsana is similar to

76: 7568: 7031: 5795: 5780:

Political History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit to the Extinction of the Gupta Dynasty

5037:"Real truth behind Chandragupta's birth, his first love Durdhara and journey to becoming the Mauryan King" 2654:, New Approaches in Asian History Series, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 71, 2384: 2145: 1569: 4227:

Modelski, George (1964). "Kautilya: Foreign Policy and International System in the Ancient Hindu World".

3366:

Modelski, George (1964). "Kautilya: Foreign Policy and International System in the Ancient Hindu World".

2153:-language historical drama film directed by C. K. Sachi, starring Bhavani K. Sambamurthy as Chandragupta. 1448:, with one interpretation being that the Maurya Empire had an alliance with these at some point of time. 1421:. By the time his conquests were complete, Chandragupta's empire extended over most of the subcontinent. 439: 7061: 6622: 6537: 6199: 5708: 5687: 2190: 2071: 1929: 1027: 822:, Purvahale Kannada script). This is the oldest inscription at the site, and it mentions Bhadrabahu and 20: 1852: 1239:

These legends state that the Nanda emperor was defeated, but allowed to leave Pataliputra alive with a

991:

dates his rule from 324 or 321 BCE to 297 BCE. Kristi Wiley states he reigned between 320 and 293 BCE.

4939: 3775:

Walter Eugene, Clark (1919). "The Importance of Hellenism from the Point of View of Indic-Philology".

2100:

composed 600 years after the conquest of Chandragupta – probably between 300 CE and 700 CE.

1601:

There is uncertainty about the other conquests that Chandragupta may have achieved, especially in the

7234: 7021: 6691: 2618: 2510: 2199: 2119:

Chanakya's role in the formation of the Maurya Empire is the essence of a historical/spiritual novel

1913:, and Digambaras believe that Chandragupta Maurya erected an ancient temple that now survives as the 1590: 1304: 903: 866: 835: 663: 380: 2015: 7464: 7388: 7285: 7249: 7129: 6871: 6866: 6756: 6573: 6552: 6547: 6411: 5718: 5641: 5229: 2506: 2327: 2138: 2132: 2108: 2075: 1914: 1618: 1271: 1244: 1208: 944:

entering into a treaty with Chandragupta years later. Seleucus Nicator, under this treaty, gave up

919: 691: 427: 336: 66: 2427:

According to Grainger, Seleucus "must ... have held Aria" (Herat), and furthermore, his "son

1868: 843: 7454: 7280: 7224: 6686: 5662: 5277: 5115: 5098:

Albinski, Henry S. (1958), "The Place of the Emperor Asoka in Ancient Indian Political Thought",

4252: 4244: 4007: 3912: 3904: 3792: 3391: 3383: 3020: 2623:

The Geopolitical Orbits of Ancient India: The Geographical Frames of the Ancient Indian Dynasties

1857: 1543: 1473: 1310: 1131: 1127:

also states that Chanakya swore to destroy the Nanda dynasty after he felt insulted by the king.

1011:(meaning - "not descending from a recognized clan or family") to describe Chandragupta. The word 941: 765: 679: 631:

Buddhist sources are those dated in fourth-century or after, including the Sri Lankan Pali texts

625: 590: 455: 356: 3229:

Edward James Rapson; Wolseley Haig; Richard Burn; Henry Dodwell; Mortimer Wheeler, eds. (1968).

2253:, a Japanese stage play and anime, features a character named Chandragupta based on the emperor. 1200:

and allied with a local king named Parvatka under the Chanakya's advice before advancing on the

776: 5869: 5791: 1259: 454:. Afterwards, Chandragupta expanded and secured his western border, where he was confronted by 7254: 7244: 6981: 6711: 6701: 6322: 6293: 6273: 6253: 6226: 6207: 6149: 6129: 6109: 6089: 6045: 6018: 5981: 5975: 5961: 5934: 5930: 5906: 5875: 5843: 5823: 5803: 5762: 5742: 5722: 5695: 5645: 5617: 5599: 5577: 5557: 5537: 5517: 5497: 5477: 5457: 5437: 5413: 5384: 5355: 5335: 5315: 5295: 5269: 5192: 5172: 5144: 4889: 4846: 4836: 4819: 4663: 4183: 4175: 3012: 2748: 2717: 2655: 2626: 2428: 2351: 2332: 2249: 2093: 1790: 1589:

a longer text sometime about the mid second–century. Rudradaman's inscription states that the

1425: 1390: 1264: 1220: 1161: 1068: 856: 831: 400: 306: 207: 6532: 3887:

Tarn, W. W. (1940). "Two Notes on Seleucid History: 1. Seleucus' 500 Elephants, 2. Tarmita".

2742: 1972:

Bhadrabahu, and his disciple Chandragupta, the fame of whose penance spread into other words.

1247:

with Chandragupta and married him. With the defeat of Nanda, Chandragupta Maurya founded the

6956: 6593: 6512: 6462: 5775: 5259: 5107: 4236: 4070: 3896: 3784: 3375: 2103: 2063: 2059: 2020: 1961: 1953: 1910: 1897: 1861: 1844:

1,300 years Old Shravanabelagola relief shows death of Chandragupta after taking the vow of

1824: 1367: 1363: 1354: 1314: 1284: 1036: 815: 667: 655: 617: 537: 498: 296: 1712:

During Chandragupta's reign and that of his dynasty, many religions thrived in India, with

7459: 7393: 7270: 7193: 7172: 7134: 6183: 5856: 4791: 2578: 2494: 2233: 2225: 2185: 2170: 1980: 1928:

Regarding the inscriptions describing the relation of Bhadrabahu and Chandragupta Maurya,

1674:

The Maurya rule was a structured administration; Chandragupta had a council of ministers (

1665:). Chandragupta applied the statecraft and economic policies described in Chanakya's text 1382: 1032: 695: 582: 373: 6341: 2258: 823: 770: 501:; he delighted in hunting and otherwise leading a life remote from the Jain practice of 7482: 7413: 7408: 7198: 6731: 6637: 6557: 6404: 6239: 5658: 5631: 4262: 2502: 2288: 2174: 2150: 2047: 1654: 1501: 1489: 1477: 1441: 1418: 891: 781: 745: 741: 648: 644: 533: 529: 473:

Chandragupta's empire extended throughout most of South Asia, spanning from modern day

6269:

Ayodhya, Archaeology After Demolition: A Critique of the "new" and "fresh" Discoveries

5127: 2652:

An Environmental History of India, From the Earliest Times to the Twenty-First-Century

2112:

based on the life of Chandragupta. The story of the play is loosely borrowed from the

7507: 7295: 7290: 7026: 6696: 6650: 6507: 6378: 6031: 6008: 5994: 5947: 5926:

A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century

5920: 5281: 5236: 4256: 3916: 3796: 3395: 2370: 2263: 2097: 2088: 2040: 2024: 1949: 1828: 1774: 1745: 1737: 1513: 1414: 1406: 1346: 1248: 1089: 1000: 988: 961: 827: 800: 707: 609: 605: 486: 412: 245: 224: 176: 2571: 1680:), with Chanakya was his chief minister. The empire was organised into territories ( 1653:

passed a series of major economic and political reforms. Chandragupta established a

517: 7144: 6741: 6721: 6716: 6588: 6517: 5433: 5204: 5014: 2705: 2683: 2302: 2160: 1807: 1757: 1667: 1378: 1243:

full of items his family needed. The Jain sources attest that his daughter fell in

1231: 1201: 1179: 1052: 785: 683: 601: 435: 346: 152: 5511: 1084:

The Buddhist and Hindu legends present different versions of how Chandragupta met

6316: 6287: 6267: 6245:

The Land of the Elephant Kings: Space, Territory, and Ideology in Seleucid Empire

6243: 6220: 6143: 6123: 6103: 6085:

Martyrdom, Self-Sacrifice, and Self-Immolation: Religious Perspectives on Suicide

6083: 6072: 6035: 6012: 5998: 5951: 5924: 5889: 5837: 5817: 5756: 5736: 5712: 5677: 5666: 5635: 5571: 5551: 5531: 5491: 5471: 5451: 5427: 5407: 5369: 5349: 5329: 5309: 5289: 5166: 5138: 4883: 4866: 4840: 4657: 2763:

indicates that imperial power was concentrated in its original heartland, in old

666:, while the complete Jain legend about Chandragupta is found in the 12th-century 7203: 7167: 6850: 6736: 6477: 6467: 6365: 5140:

The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: The Emergence of Cities and States

2679: 2322: 2267: 1992: 1766: 1696: 1658: 1539: 1410: 1386: 1342: 1292: 1116: 1108: 984: 899: 861: 796: 699: 687: 671: 562: 554: 490: 482: 443: 144: 118: 5819:

Hinduism and the Ethics of Warfare in South Asia: From Antiquity to the Present

5217:

Old World Encounters: Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchanges in Pre-Modern Times

1840: 7208: 7162: 6751: 6627: 6522: 4516: 4514: 4261:; Quote: "Kautilya is believed to have been Chanakya, a Brahmin who served as 2278: 2217: 2028: 1902: 1845: 1733: 1630: 1457: 1436: 973: 870: 811: 703: 621: 525: 463: 451: 326: 234: 100: 5273: 3016: 3003:

Seth, H. C. (1937). "Did Candragupta Maurya belong to North-Western India?".

722:, and born out of an illicit relationship followed by a coup. The Chanakya's 7449: 7418: 7312: 6991: 6497: 6388: 6211: 5595: 4074: 2067: 1606: 1518: 1461: 1430: 1330: 945: 851: 737: 732: 640: 632: 286: 212: 182: 128: 4063:

Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres

1629:

encompassing most of the Indian subcontinent except for parts that are now

5782:, Oxford University Press (1996 reprint, with B. N. Mukerjee Introduction) 5694:(3rd Revised., repr ed.), Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass (reprint 1995), 5383:, Makers of Indian Literature (1st ed.), New Delhi: Sahitye Akademi, 5264: 4179: 2363: 7423: 6482: 6472: 6058:

Trautmann, Thomas R. (1970), "Alexander and Nandrus in Justin 15.4.16.",

5861:

The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century

4501: 4499: 4174:

MV Krishna Rao (1958, Reprinted 1979), Studies in Kautilya, 2nd Edition,

3073: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3059: 2181: 1922: 1856:

A statue depicting Chandragupta Maurya (right) with his spiritual mentor

1786: 1782: 1713: 1682: 1650: 1614: 1582: 1559: 1551: 1526: 1394: 1350: 1338: 1334: 1227: 1167: 1104: 1085: 1077: 1047: 977: 953: 949: 915: 874: 819: 792: 690:' account, as it has survived in Greek texts that quote him, states that 613: 586: 574: 558: 509: 316: 199: 194: 172: 4909: 4011: 3024: 1728: 1313:, one of Alexander's Macedonian generals who in 312 BCE established the 6746: 6527: 6502: 6370: 5406:

Guha-Thakurta, Tapati (2006), Chatterjee, Partha; Ghosh, Anjan (eds.),

5165:

Asher, Frederick (2015), Brown, Rebecca M.; Hutton, Deborah S. (eds.),

5119: 4248: 3387: 2625:, New Delhi, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, p. 29, 2113: 1756:

in Gujarat, dated to about 150 CE. It states, among other things, that

1717: 1578: 1359: 1322: 1318: 1216: 1115:

Kingdom of India. They met Nanda there according to Hindu sources, and

1112: 895: 834:

interpret Prabhacandra to be Chandragupta Maurya, while others such as

789: 719: 597: 513: 494: 416: 219: 148: 3908: 2431:

was active there fifteen years later". (Grainger, John D. 1990, 2014.

7444: 6492: 3307: 2414: 2403: 2392: 2005: 1945: 1921:

who is famed for his historic pillars and his role in helping spread

1918: 1820:

prosperous architecture but the historicity of these is in question.

1802: 1770: 1752:

The strongest evidence of infrastructure development is found in the

1676: 1638: 1634: 1622: 1602: 1555: 1522: 1469: 1465: 1371: 1267: 1197: 1185: 1100: 1093: 1018: 957: 887: 753: 749: 715: 578: 570: 503: 474: 447: 420: 5111: 4240: 4210: 4208: 3379: 4265:

to Chandragupta (321–296 B.C.), the founder of the Mauryan Empire."

3900: 3788: 3105: 3103: 3101: 2904: 2902: 2203:

is an account of the life and times of Chanakya, based on the play

1848:. Some consider it about the legend of his arrival with Bhadrabahu. 1464:, calls Chandragupta "Sandrokoptos". The later Greco-Roman writers 1055:. Eventually, they won and proclaimed Patliputra as their capital. 6645: 6447: 6443: 6438: 6427: 6289:

Debrahmanising history: dominance and resistance in Indian society

5758:

King, Governance, and Law in Ancient India: Kauṭilya's Arthaśāstra

5671:, London: Macmillan & Company Ltd; New York: St Martin's Press 5186: 3197: 3195: 3193: 2509:("Alexandrum"). However, this is incorrect: research by historian 2023:

Hill, where Chandragupta (the unifier of India and founder of the

2014: 1867: 1851: 1839: 1727: 1662: 1598:

region in Central India, located between Gujarat and Pataliputra.

1595: 1568: 1547: 1481: 1258: 1240: 1212: 1067: 987:

and Vivekanand Jha assign Chandragupta's reign to c. 322-298 BCE.

965: 805: 399: 158: 4732: 4730: 4002:

Arora, U. P. (1991). "The Indika of Megasthenes — an Appraisal".

3758: 3756: 3465:"History: Biography of Chandragupta Maurya and His Maurya Empire" 2548: 2546: 1900:

for several years before fasting to death as per the practice of

1381:

to Seleucus, which played a key role in Seleucus' victory at the

536:

were respected. A memorial for Chandragupta Maurya exists on the

5977:

The Greek Experience of India: From Alexander to the Indo-Greeks

5371:

Bhadrabahu, Chandragupta and Shravanabelagola (Indian Antiquary)

4816:

The Courtesan and the Sadhu, A Novel about Maya, Dharma, and God

3641: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3633: 2358: 2236:, Chandragupta is a playable leader for the Indian civilization. 1413:. Chandragupta began expanding his empire southwards beyond the 1120: 1073: 49: 6400: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3034: 5493:

Jaina Sources of the History of Ancient India: 100 BC - AD 900

3088: 3086: 2601: 2599: 2008:". According to Hemachandra's legend, Chanakya also performed 914:

None of the ancient texts mention when Chandragupta was born.

415:, which ruled over a geographically-extensive empire based in 5792:"India in the Age of the Nandas / Chandragupta and Bindusara" 5533:

Chandragupta Maurya: The creation of a national hero in India

4335: 4333: 4331: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2408: 2397: 1936:

The oldest inscription of about 600 AD associated "the pair (

5432:, A People's History of India, Aligarh Historians Society / 4615: 4613: 3349: 3347: 2986: 2984: 2959: 2957: 1111:, the capital and a historic learning center in the eastern 1096:

to study the Vedas, military arts, law, and other shastras.

19:"Sandracottus" redirects here. For the genus of beetle, see 4693: 4691: 3247: 3245: 3243: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2867: 1956:

as marked by the footprints of Bhadrabahu and Chandragupta

1823:

Archeological discoveries in the modern age, such as those

466:. Instead of prolonging the war, both parties settled on a 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2792: 2465: 1295:

served as a Greek ambassador in his court for four years.

4885:

L'Antiquité au cinéma: vérités, légendes et manipulations

4098: 4096: 3435: 3433: 3420: 3418: 3212: 3210: 3120: 3118: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 1562:. These are the areas where his grandson Ashoka left the 450:

that were appointed or formed from Alexander's Empire in

7057:

Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences

6396: 6145:

The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India

5226:

Historical Geography of Madhyapradesh from Early Records

4402: 4400: 4398: 4396: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3328: 1686:), centres of regional power were protected with forts ( 1370:, described the marriage of Chandragupta with a Greek (" 881:, a Sanskrit text of stories about Digambara Jains. The 557:, who was a contemporary of Chandragupta, and others by 5802:(Second ed.), Motilal Banarsidass (1988 reprint), 5476:, translated by R.C.C. Fynes, Oxford University Press, 5069:"'Chandraguta Maurya' to launch in November on Sony TV" 3572: 3570: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3284: 1196:, in which Chandragupta is said to have first acquired 540:

along with a seventh-century hagiographic inscription.

6219:

Brown, Rebecca M.; Hutton, Deborah S. (22 June 2015),

2688:

Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy

1740:, with symbols of wheel and elephant (3rd century BCE) 1617:

together built one of the largest empires ever on the

1152:

Justin may mean mercenary soldier, hunter, or robber.

968:) to Chandragupta, in exchange for 500 war elephants. 906:'s Chandragupta may be a later era, different person. 7002:

National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT Patna)

2497:'s 1893 translation. In the 20th century, historians 1720:

gaining prominence along with other folk traditions.

1566:

and other edicts in the Greek and Aramaic languages.

6977:

Maulana Mazharul Haque Arabic and Persian University

6060:

Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute

5735:

Obeyesekere, Gananath (1980), Doniger, Wendy (ed.),

4481:, pp. 49–51, 99–108, 277–294, 349–356, 373–382. 4004:

Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute

3668: 3666: 3306:

According to Kaushik Roy, Chandragupta Maurya was a

3005:

Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute

2433:

Seleukos Nikator: Constructing a Hellenistic Kingdom

2129:

is a 1920 Indian silent film about the Mauryan king.

1389:

as an ambassador to Chandragupta's court, and later

7437: 7381: 7334: 7311: 7304: 7263: 7217: 7186: 7153: 7122: 7075: 6945: 6938: 6889: 6859: 6803: 6782: 6775: 6677: 6659: 6636: 6610: 6566: 6455: 6077:, Bhagavān Mahāvīra 2500th Nirvāṇa Mahotsava Samiti 3743: 3741: 1690:), and state operations were funded with treasury ( 1511:The king's epithets mentioned in the Sanskrit play 1397:to his son Bindusara at the Maurya court at Patna. 902:(central Bihar). This has led to the proposal that 702:) in eastern India. As Alexander did not cross the 230: 218: 206: 190: 166: 138: 134: 124: 114: 99: 82: 74: 37: 7067:Maulana Azad College of Engineering and Technology 6912:Jay Prabha Medanta Super Specialty Hospital, Patna 4785:Commemorative postage stamp on Chandragupta Maurya 2378: 1577:In the west, Chandragupta's rule over present-day 1385:. In addition to this treaty, Seleucus dispatched 1046:According to the Digambara legend by Hemachandra, 604:; later composed Hindu sources include legends in 5890:"Origin of the Maurya of Magadha and of Chanakya" 4721: 799:(which has same etymology as of Chandragupta) of 706:, Chandragupta's territory probably included the 5868:Sastri, Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta (1988), 5738:Karma and Rebirth in Classical Indian Traditions 4826:, Library of Congress Control Number: 2008934274 1836:Succession, renunciation, and death (Sallekhana) 1476:(c. second century) call him "Sandrocottus". In 6997:National Institute of Technology, Patna (NIT-P) 5374:, vol. 21, Archaeological Society of India 4114: 4036: 3109: 1649:After unifying much of India, Chandragupta and 774:states he hailed from Moriya-nagara, while the 65:A modern statue depicting Chandragupta Maurya, 7007:All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 6308:Warfare in Pre-British India–1500BCE to 1740CE 4871:. Screen World Publication. 1988. p. 109. 2690:, London and New York: Routledge, p. 39, 2567: 2565: 2563: 2561: 6412: 5894:Journal of the Buddhist Text Society of India 4532: 4505: 4442: 4430: 4418: 4387: 4286: 4274: 4214: 3977: 3624: 2908: 2605: 2590: 381: 8: 6921:Mahavir Cancer Institute and Research Centre 6707:Samrat Ashok International Convention Centre 5590:Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar (2004), 4842:So Many Cinemas: The Motion Picture in India 4024: 3941: 3537: 3525: 3201: 3172: 3160: 3148: 2552: 2537: 2459: 2169:is a 1958 Indian historical fiction film by 2058:A memorial to Chandragupta Maurya exists on 6930:Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences 5614:Chandragupta Maurya A Gem of Indian History 4970:"Chandragupta Maurya comes to small screen" 4363: 2716:(2 ed.), Wiley-Blackwell, p. 16, 1944:." Two inscriptions of about 900 AD on the 1585:. On the same rock, about 400 years later, 918:claims that he was a young man when he met 869:after renouncing his kingdom and performed 528:traditions, and minority religions such as 7308: 6942: 6779: 6419: 6405: 6397: 6347: 6082:Vallely, Anne (2018), Kitts, Margo (ed.), 6014:Early India: From the Origins to A.D. 1300 4794:, Press Information Bureau, Govt. of India 4736: 4520: 3645: 3513: 3374:(3). Cambridge University Press: 549–560. 3077: 1581:is attested to by Ashoka's inscription in 894:) about a thousand kilometers west of the 788:. The Buddhist sources also mention that " 388: 374: 241: 34: 16:Founder of the Maurya Empire (350–295 BCE) 6618:Bihar State Power Holding Company Limited 6222:A Companion to Asian Art and Architecture 5550:Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D. (2006), 5263: 5168:A Companion to Asian Art and Architecture 3451: 3092: 3050: 2747:, Oneworld Publications, pp. 29–30, 2245:portrays the life of Chandragupta Maurya. 2184:and Chandragupta was made into a film in 2019:The Footprints of Chandragupta Maurya on 1964:inscription of 1129 mentions Bhadrabahu " 1460:(c. third century BCE), who is quoted by 846:Jains state this interpretation is wrong. 654:7th to 10th century Jain inscriptions at 6917:Mediversal Multi Superspecialty Hospital 5676:Malalasekera, Gunapala Piyasena (2002), 4643: 4631: 4604: 4568: 4556: 4490: 4478: 4375: 4322: 4199: 4150: 4138: 4102: 4090:, pp. 194, 199–200 with footnote 2. 3965: 3953: 3929: 3874: 3762: 3732: 3708: 3684: 3657: 3588: 3549: 3501: 3489: 3439: 3424: 3409: 3353: 3338: 3319: 3275: 3263: 3251: 3216: 2990: 2963: 2948: 2927: 2893: 2831: 2819: 2793:Majumdar, Raychauduhuri & Datta 1960 2466:Majumdar, Raychauduhuri & Datta 1960 1263:Chandragupta had defeated the remaining 404:Mauryan Empire under Chandragupta Maurya 5137:Allchin, F. R.; Erdosy, George (1995), 4772: 4760: 4748: 4619: 4162: 4126: 4087: 3720: 3136: 2780: 2525: 2481: 2443: 2344: 2270:played the role of Chandragupta Maurya. 2096:") is a political drama in Sanskrit by 2078:honouring Chandragupta Maurya in 2001. 1754:Junagadh rock inscription of Rudradaman 1299:War and marriage alliance with Seleucus 244: 5761:, Oxford UK: Oxford University Press, 5453:The Great Empires of the Ancient World 5426:Habib, Irfan; Jha, Vivekanand (2004), 5245:on War and Diplomacy in Ancient India" 5129:The Cambridge Shorter History Of India 4709: 4697: 4592: 4580: 4339: 4310: 4048: 3989: 3696: 3561: 3184: 2975: 2476: 2453: 2173:, a remake of the 1945 film. It stars 1940:), Bhadrabahu along with Chandragupta 1896:. Chandragupta lived as an ascetic at 1621:. Chandragupta's empire extended from 1424:Two poetic anthologies from the Tamil 1280:Indian campaign of Alexander the Great 682:. They predominantly mention the last 5288:Dikshitar, V. R. Ramachandra (1993), 5075:from the original on 13 November 2018 5043:from the original on 28 October 2017. 4803: 4544: 4351: 4325:, pp. 62–63, 79–80, 90, 159–160. 4298: 3835: 3612: 3124: 2881: 2858: 2744:India and South Asia: A Short History 2572:Chandragupta Maurya, Emperor of India 1991:Scholar of Jain studies and Sanskrit 1952:describe the summit of a hill called 1906:, according to the Digambara legend. 426:Prior to his consolidation of power, 411:(350–295 BCE) was the founder of the 7: 7047:Birla Institute of Technology, Patna 6602:Patna Regional Development Authority 6071:Upādhye, Ādinātha Neminātha (1977), 6000:Aśoka and the Decline of the Mauryas 5100:Midwest Journal of Political Science 5002:from the original on 4 January 2016. 4818:, October 2008, Dharma Vision LLC., 4682: 3817:from the original on 3 February 2009 2239:In 2018, a television series called 2210:In 2011, a television series called 2159:is a 1945 Indian historical film by 1573:Chandragupta Maurya Empire c.290 BCE 803:on the account of same life events. 7488: 7429:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Patna 7052:R.P. Sharma Institute of Technology 7012:Chandragupt Institute of Management 6102:Varadpande, Manohar Laxman (2006), 5953:Political Violence in Ancient India 4466: 4454: 4406: 4366:, pp. 137–139 with footnote 3. 3852:. Northern Book Centre. p. 83. 3672: 3600: 3576: 3294: 2177:in the titular role of the emperor. 1484:accounts, Chandragupta is known as 1374:") princess, daughter of Seleucus. 698:in northwestern India or Agrammes ( 6318:Foreign Influence on Ancient India 6206:. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers. 6200:Bongard-Levin, Grigory Maksimovich 6017:, University of California Press, 5741:, University of California Press, 5612:Lal bhargava, Purushottam (1996). 5516:, University of California Press, 5025:from the original on 25 July 2011. 4980:from the original on 3 March 2016. 4920:from the original on 11 March 2016 3850:Foreign Influence on Ancient India 3747: 2266:, Bollywood director and producer 2137:is a 1934 Indian film directed by 1230:and found seven mother goddesses ( 1192:The conquest was fictionalised in 442:both the Nanda Empire centered in 14: 6987:Central University of South Bihar 6925:Ford Hospital and Research Centre 6122:Wiley, Kristi L. (16 July 2009), 5714:Chandragupta Maurya and his times 4992:"Chandragupta Maurya on Sony TV?" 4659:Chandragupta Maurya and His Times 4229:American Political Science Review 3368:American Political Science Review 2229:was a fictionalized romance saga. 7487: 7478: 7477: 6967:Chanakya National Law University 6437: 5679:Encyclopaedia of Buddhism: Acala 5159:History of Rome, The Syrian Wars 4950:from the original on 11 May 2018 4845:. Eminence Designs. p. 43. 4523:, pp. 32–34 with Figure 11. 2295: 2281: 267: 260: 59: 7178:List of shopping malls in Patna 6962:Aryabhatta Knowledge University 6846:Fatuha Junction railway station 6836:Phulwari Sharif railway station 6315:Sagar, Krishna Chandra (1992), 5252:The Journal of Military History 5191:, vol. 2, Nebraska Press, 3889:The Journal of Hellenic Studies 2223:In 2016, the television series 1143:According to the Buddhist text 736:describe Chandragupta to be of 485:as well as making inroads into 7524:4th-century BC Indian monarchs 7519:3rd-century BC Indian monarchs 6598:Nagar Parishad Danapur Nizamat 5980:, Princeton University Press, 5822:, Cambridge University Press, 5334:, Princeton University Press, 5188:The State at War in South Asia 5143:, Cambridge University Press, 4910:"Chanakya Chandragupta (1977)" 3231:The Cambridge History of India 1872:Chandragupta Maurya having 16 1255:Conquest of north-west regions 1156:Overthrow of the Nanda dynasty 760:comes from these peacocks, or 1: 5903:Fire Worship in Ancient India 5871:Age of the Nandas and Mauryas 5800:Age of the Nandas and Mauryas 5294:, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 5224:Bhattacharyya, P. K. (1977), 4656:Mookerji, Radhakumud (1966). 1655:strong central administration 1521:, an epithet of his grandson 1219:around 322 B.C, by deploying 1059:Military career and conquests 1015:has two meanings: one is the 934: 927: 432:Northwest Indian subcontinent 105: 86: 28:Chandragupta (disambiguation) 6379:Emperor of the Maurya Empire 6189:Resources in other libraries 5863:, Cambridge University Press 5668:An Advanced History of India 5665:; Datta, Kalikinkar (1960), 5510:Jaini, Padmanabh S. (1991), 5473:The Lives of the Jain Elders 5132:, Cambridge University Press 4662:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 3233:. Vol. 4. p. 470. 3080:, pp. 155–157, 168–188. 2807:An Advanced History of India 2415: 2404: 2393: 2106:wrote a Bengali drama named 1874:auspicious dreams in Jainism 520:gained prominence alongside 7240:Bhartiya Nritya Kala Mandir 7037:St. Xavier's College, Patna 6790:Jay Prakash Narayan Airport 6584:Patna Municipal Corporation 6266:Mandal, Dhaneshwar (2003), 6088:, Oxford University Press, 5842:, Oxford University Press, 5490:Jain, Jyoti Prasad (2005), 4115:Kulke & Rothermund 2004 4037:Kulke & Rothermund 2004 3110:Kulke & Rothermund 2004 2379: 2364: 2316:List of monarchs of Magadha 2121:The Courtesan and the Sadhu 2076:commemorative postage stamp 2037:V. R. Ramachandra Dikshitar 1613:Maurya with his counsellor 1401:Conquests in Southern India 1207:Chandragupta laid siege to 840:V. R. Ramachandra Dikshitar 7585: 7105:Delhi Public School, Patna 6767:Shri Krishna Memorial Hall 6727:Shrikrishna Science Centre 6286:Mani, Braj Ranjan (2005), 6074:Mahāvīra and His Teachings 5974:Stoneman, Richard (2019), 5901:Sharma, Madhulika (2001). 5755:Olivelle, Patrick (2013), 5379:Ghosh, Ajit Kumar (2001), 3865:, Burjor Avari, p. 106-107 2409: 2398: 2388: 1925:outside of ancient India. 1302: 1159: 924:latter's invasion of India 567:Aristobulus of Cassandreia 25: 18: 7473: 7230:Patliputra Natya Mahotsav 7140:Patliputra Sports Complex 7095:St. Michael's High School 6762:Indira Gandhi Planetarium 6434: 6385: 6376: 6362: 6350: 6225:, John Wiley & Sons, 6184:Resources in your library 6105:Woman in Indian Sculpture 6003:, Oxford University Press 5836:Salomon, Richard (1998), 5450:Harrison, Thomas (2009), 5219:, Oxford University Press 5171:, John Wiley & Sons, 4443:Allchin & Erdosy 1995 4431:Allchin & Erdosy 1995 4419:Allchin & Erdosy 1995 4388:Allchin & Erdosy 1995 4287:Allchin & Erdosy 1995 4215:Allchin & Erdosy 1995 3469:Md. Mizanur Rahaman Mizan 2822:, pp. 2–14, 229–235. 2581:, Encyclopædia Britannica 2374: 2355: 2123:by Dr. Mysore N. Prakash. 1888:(1450 CE) of Ratnanandi, 1564:major Kandahar rock edict 1505: 1493: 58: 42: 7085:St. Xavier's High School 6543:Alliance Air Flight 7412 6321:, Northern Book Centre, 6250:Harvard University Press 6142:Zvelebil, Kamil (1973), 6042:Harvard University Press 5958:Harvard University Press 5594:(4th ed.), London: 5573:Jainism: An Introduction 5570:Long, Jeffery D (2013), 5553:Encyclopedia of Hinduism 5530:Jansari, Sushma (2023), 5496:, Munshiram Manoharlal, 4712:, pp. 46–49, 67–69. 4607:, pp. 39–41, 60–64. 4508:, pp. 51–53, 58–59. 4006:. 72/73 (1/4): 307–329. 2650:Fisher, Michael (2018), 2499:Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri 1732:Silver punch mark coin ( 1353:). According to Strabo, 1270:in the northwest of the 780:states he came from the 596:Hindu texts such as the 446:, Magadha and the Greek 6972:Nalanda Open University 6816:Rajendra Nagar Terminal 6795:Bihta Air Force Station 6669:Neighbourhoods in Patna 5874:, Motilal Banarsidass, 5556:, Infobase Publishing, 5409:History and the Present 5348:Eraly, Abraham (2002), 5215:Bentley, Jerry (1993), 5208:(subscription required) 5185:Barua, Pradeep (2005), 4075:10.3406/crai.1970.12491 3863:India, the Ancient Past 3848:Sagar, Chandra (1992). 2311:List of Indian monarchs 2232:In the 2016 video game 2046:According to historian 1884:(931 CE) of Harishena, 1724:Infrastructure projects 1546:ceded to him including 890:– a kingdom (northwest 730:Buddhist texts such as 202:princess (name unknown) 7032:Bihar National College 5905:. Publication scheme. 5796:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 5682:, Government of Ceylon 5456:, Getty Publications, 5328:Dupree, Louis (2014), 4722:Jyoti Prasad Jain 2005 4190:, pages 13–14, 231–233 3765:, pp. 36–37, 105. 3735:, pp. 2–3, 35–38. 3711:, pp. 6–8, 31–33. 2741:Ludden, David (2013), 2197:The television series 2146:Chandraguptha Chanakya 2116:and the Greek history. 2032: 1974: 1876: 1865: 1849: 1741: 1574: 1377:Chandragupta sent 500 1275: 1081: 1022:; the other means the 847: 440:defeated and conquered 405: 7549:4th-century BC Hindus 7544:3rd-century BC Hindus 7062:Magadh Mahila College 7017:Patna Women's College 6623:Magadh Stock Exchange 6538:Bankipur Central Jail 6306:Roy, Kaushik (2015), 6125:The A to Z of Jainism 5816:Roy, Kaushik (2012), 5709:Mookerji, Radha Kumud 5688:Mookerji, Radha Kumud 5308:Dundas, Paul (2003), 5265:10.1353/jmh.2003.0006 4882:Hervé Dumont (2009). 4790:27 April 2013 at the 3603:, pp. 27, 61–62. 3093:Jones & Ryan 2006 2619:Chakrabarty, Dilip K. 2577:10 March 2018 at the 2435:. Routledge. p. 109). 2191:Chanakya Chandragupta 2092:("The Signet Ring of 2072:Indian Postal Service 2018: 1934: 1871: 1855: 1843: 1815:Arts and architecture 1731: 1572: 1321:, brought Persia and 1309:According to Appian, 1262: 1071: 1064:Influence of Chanakya 1028:Radha Kumud Mukherjee 809: 493:. In contrast to the 403: 21:Sandracottus (beetle) 7235:Patna Sahib Mahotsav 7022:Patna Dental College 6692:Shaheed Smarak Patna 6579:Legislative Assembly 6352:Chandragupta Maurya 6342:Maurya and Sunga Art 6272:, Orient Blackswan, 5663:Raychauduhuri, H. C. 5513:Gender and Salvation 5397:Grant, R.G. (2010), 5368:Fleet, J.F. (1892), 4946:. 8 September 1991. 4557:Habib & Jha 2004 4103:Habib & Jha 2004 3687:, pp. 2, 25–29. 3440:Habib & Jha 2004 3217:Habib & Jha 2004 2511:Alfred von Gutschmid 1930:Radha Kumud Mookerji 1587:Rudradaman inscribed 1317:with its capital at 1305:Seleucid-Mauryan war 1041:Brihat-Katha-Manjari 664:Harisena (Jain monk) 460:Seleucid–Mauryan war 26:For other uses, see 7554:Emperors of Magadha 7514:Chandragupta Maurya 7465:Sonepur Cattle Fair 7404:Tourist attractions 7389:Patna Film Festival 7286:Funtasia Water Park 7264:Parks & grounds 7250:Premchand Rangshala 7130:Moin-ul-Haq Stadium 6877:Digha–Sonpur Bridge 6872:Mahatma Gandhi Setu 6867:Loknayak Ganga Path 6821:Patliputra Junction 6757:Wheeler Senate Hall 6553:2014 Patna stampede 6548:2013 Patna bombings 6488:Chandragupta Maurya 6175:Chandragupta Maurya 5788:Raychaudhuri, H. C. 5776:Raychaudhuri, H. C. 5719:Motilal Banarsidass 5642:Motilal Banarsidass 5470:Hemacandra (1998), 5230:Motilal Banarsidass 5039:. 17 October 2016. 4976:. 13 January 2011. 4775:, pp. 182–183. 4739:, pp. 185–188. 4547:, pp. 421–423. 4493:, pp. 234–235. 4445:, pp. 194–195. 4421:, pp. 192–194. 4390:, pp. 187–195. 4342:, pp. 120–122. 4313:, pp. 163–164. 4301:, pp. 414–415. 4289:, pp. 189–192. 4217:, pp. 187–194. 4051:, pp. 285–289. 3980:, pp. 330–331. 3777:Classical Philology 3648:, pp. 176–177. 3564:, pp. 362–364. 3528:, pp. 144–145. 3516:, pp. 175–188. 3454:, pp. 240–241. 3204:, pp. 134–142. 3139:, pp. 272–273. 3053:, pp. 264–266. 2911:, pp. 264–265. 2884:, pp. 156–162. 2555:, pp. 139–140. 2507:Alexander the Great 2328:Devavarman (Maurya) 2242:Chandragupta Maurya 2213:Chandragupta Maurya 2157:Samrat Chandragupta 2139:Abdur Rashid Kardar 2027:Dynasty) performed 1915:Chandragupta basadi 1744:The empire built a 1619:Indian subcontinent 1272:Indian subcontinent 1245:love at first sight 1166:Greco-Roman writer 1103:, Chandragupta and 983:Historians such as 764:in Pali (Sanskrit: 692:Alexander the Great 428:Alexander the Great 409:Chandragupta Maurya 67:Laxminarayan Temple 38:Chandragupta Maurya 7455:Nalanda University 7281:Buddha Smriti Park 7225:350th Prakash Parv 7100:Loyola High School 6831:Gulzarbagh Station 6687:Patna Collectorate 6037:The Past Before Us 5888:Sen, R.K. (1895), 5616:. D.K Printworld. 5592:A History of India 5291:The Mauryan Polity 4996:The Times of India 4944:The Indian Express 4916:. 25 August 1977. 4533:Guha-Thakurta 2006 4506:Guha-Thakurta 2006 4275:Upinder Singh 2017 3978:Upinder Singh 2016 3811:"Strabo 15.2.1(9)" 3625:Bhattacharyya 1977 2909:Upinder Singh 2017 2714:A History of India 2606:Upinder Singh 2016 2591:Upinder Singh 2016 2380:Chandagutta Moriya 2365:Candragupta Maurya 2167:Samrat Chandragupt 2082:In popular culture 2033: 1890:Munivaṃsa bhyudaya 1886:Bhadrabāhu charita 1877: 1866: 1858:Acharya Bhadrabahu 1850: 1742: 1694:). Strabo, in his 1575: 1544:Seleucus I Nicator 1311:Seleucus I Nicator 1276: 1251:in ancient India. 1215:), the capital of 1130:The Roman text by 1082: 942:Seleucus I Nicator 848: 626:Brihatkathamanjari 544:Historical sources 456:Seleucus I Nicator 406: 7559:People from Patna 7539:Founding monarchs 7501: 7500: 7399:People from Patna 7377: 7376: 7255:Rabindra Parishad 7245:Kalidas Rangalaya 7118: 7117: 7090:Don Bosco Academy 6982:Magadh University 6885: 6884: 6702:Bihar Secretariat 6395: 6394: 6386:Succeeded by 6299:978-81-7304-640-7 6259:978-0-674-72882-0 6170:Library resources 6135:978-0-8108-6821-2 6115:978-81-7017-474-5 6095:978-0-19-065648-5 6051:978-0-674-72651-2 6024:978-0-520-24225-8 5987:978-0-691-18538-5 5967:978-0-674-97527-9 5940:978-93-325-6996-6 5931:Pearson Education 5881:978-81-208-0466-1 5849:978-0-19-535666-3 5829:978-1-107-01736-8 5809:978-81-208-0466-1 5748:978-0-520-03923-0 5651:978-81-208-0436-4 5605:978-0-415-15481-9 5583:978-0-85771-392-6 5563:978-0-8160-7564-5 5523:978-0-520-06820-9 5483:978-0-19-283227-6 5463:978-0-89236-987-4 5443:978-81-85229-92-8 5419:978-1-84331-224-6 5390:978-81-260-1227-5 5361:978-93-5118-014-2 5341:978-1-4008-5891-0 5321:978-0-415-26605-5 5301:978-81-208-1023-5 5178:978-1-119-01953-4 5150:978-0-521-37695-2 5126:Allan, J (1958), 4895:978-2-84736-476-7 4888:. Nouveau Monde. 4852:978-81-900602-1-9 4837:Bhagwan Das Garga 4824:978-0-9818237-0-6 4806:, pp. 44–46. 4724:, pp. 65–67. 4700:, pp. 46–49. 4685:, pp. 60–61. 4669:978-81-208-0405-0 4646:, pp. 60–64. 4622:, pp. 44–46. 4571:, pp. 39–40. 4535:, pp. 58–61. 4469:, pp. 64–68. 4457:, pp. 63–64. 4409:, pp. 62–63. 4378:, pp. 62–75. 4354:, pp. 25–28. 4202:, pp. 31–38. 4153:, pp. 13–18. 4025:Raychaudhuri 1967 3968:, pp. 41–42. 3956:, pp. 53–54. 3942:Raychaudhuri 1967 3838:, pp. 13–15. 3591:, pp. 28–33. 3579:, pp. 26–32. 3538:Raychaudhuri 1967 3526:Raychaudhuri 1967 3412:, pp. 19–20. 3356:, pp. 15–17. 3297:, pp. 61–62. 3278:, pp. 15–18. 3202:Raychaudhuri 1967 3173:Raychaudhuri 1923 3161:Raychaudhuri 1923 3149:Raychaudhuri 1923 3127:, pp. 43–44. 3095:, p. xxviii. 2993:, pp. 13–14. 2966:, pp. 13–15. 2861:, pp. 50–52. 2783:, pp. 20–22. 2754:978-1-78074-108-6 2723:978-1-4051-9509-6 2632:978-0-19-908832-4 2553:Raychaudhuri 1967 2538:Raychaudhuri 1967 2460:Lal bhargava 1996 2356:चन्द्रगुप्त मौर्य 2333:Dasharatha Maurya 2256:In the 2001 film 2250:Nobunaga the Fool 1426:Sangam literature 1221:guerrilla warfare 1172:Life of Alexander 1162:Nanda-Mauryan War 1149:Parishishtaparvan 857:Parishishtaparvan 850:The 12th-century 398: 397: 365: 364: 240: 239: 186: 162: 7576: 7491: 7490: 7481: 7480: 7309: 7155:Shopping complex 6957:Patna University 6943: 6780: 6594:Patna High Court 6513:Haryanka dynasty 6463:History of Patna 6456:History of Patna 6442: 6441: 6421: 6414: 6407: 6398: 6369:(as king of the 6363:Preceded by 6348: 6331: 6311: 6302: 6282: 6262: 6235: 6215: 6158: 6138: 6118: 6098: 6078: 6067: 6054: 6027: 6004: 5990: 5970: 5943: 5916: 5897: 5884: 5864: 5857:Samuel, Geoffrey 5852: 5832: 5812: 5783: 5771: 5751: 5731: 5717:(4th ed.), 5704: 5701:978-81208-058-28 5683: 5672: 5654: 5627: 5608: 5586: 5566: 5546: 5526: 5506: 5486: 5466: 5446: 5422: 5412:, Anthem Press, 5402: 5393: 5381:Dwijendralal Ray 5375: 5364: 5351:Gem In The Lotus 5344: 5324: 5304: 5284: 5267: 5249: 5232: 5220: 5211: 5209: 5181: 5161: 5153: 5133: 5122: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5065: 5059: 5058: 5051: 5045: 5044: 5033: 5027: 5026: 5010: 5004: 5003: 4988: 4982: 4981: 4966: 4960: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4936: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4906: 4900: 4899: 4879: 4873: 4872: 4863: 4857: 4856: 4833: 4827: 4813: 4807: 4801: 4795: 4782: 4776: 4770: 4764: 4758: 4752: 4746: 4740: 4734: 4725: 4719: 4713: 4707: 4701: 4695: 4686: 4680: 4674: 4673: 4653: 4647: 4641: 4635: 4629: 4623: 4617: 4608: 4602: 4596: 4590: 4584: 4578: 4572: 4566: 4560: 4554: 4548: 4542: 4536: 4530: 4524: 4518: 4509: 4503: 4494: 4488: 4482: 4476: 4470: 4464: 4458: 4452: 4446: 4440: 4434: 4428: 4422: 4416: 4410: 4404: 4391: 4385: 4379: 4373: 4367: 4364:Obeyesekere 1980 4361: 4355: 4349: 4343: 4337: 4326: 4320: 4314: 4308: 4302: 4296: 4290: 4284: 4278: 4272: 4266: 4260: 4224: 4218: 4212: 4203: 4197: 4191: 4172: 4166: 4165:, pp. 7–18. 4160: 4154: 4148: 4142: 4136: 4130: 4124: 4118: 4112: 4106: 4100: 4091: 4085: 4079: 4078: 4058: 4052: 4046: 4040: 4034: 4028: 4022: 4016: 4015: 3999: 3993: 3987: 3981: 3975: 3969: 3963: 3957: 3951: 3945: 3939: 3933: 3927: 3921: 3920: 3884: 3878: 3872: 3866: 3860: 3854: 3853: 3845: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3807: 3801: 3800: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3751: 3745: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3723:, pp. 9–37. 3718: 3712: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3688: 3682: 3676: 3670: 3661: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3628: 3622: 3616: 3610: 3604: 3598: 3592: 3586: 3580: 3574: 3565: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3535: 3529: 3523: 3517: 3511: 3505: 3499: 3493: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3461: 3455: 3449: 3443: 3437: 3428: 3422: 3413: 3407: 3401: 3399: 3363: 3357: 3351: 3342: 3336: 3323: 3322:, pp. 7–13. 3317: 3311: 3304: 3298: 3292: 3279: 3273: 3267: 3261: 3255: 3254:, pp. 9–11. 3249: 3238: 3237: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3205: 3199: 3188: 3182: 3176: 3170: 3164: 3158: 3152: 3146: 3140: 3134: 3128: 3122: 3113: 3112:, p. 59-65. 3107: 3096: 3090: 3081: 3075: 3054: 3048: 3029: 3028: 3000: 2994: 2988: 2979: 2973: 2967: 2961: 2952: 2946: 2931: 2925: 2912: 2906: 2897: 2891: 2885: 2879: 2862: 2856: 2835: 2834:, pp. 3–14. 2829: 2823: 2817: 2811: 2802: 2796: 2790: 2784: 2778: 2772: 2757: 2738: 2732: 2731: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2647: 2641: 2640: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2594: 2588: 2582: 2569: 2556: 2550: 2541: 2535: 2514: 2491: 2485: 2484:, pp. 20–22 2448: 2436: 2425: 2419: 2418: 2412: 2411: 2407: 2401: 2400: 2396: 2390: 2382: 2376: 2367: 2357: 2349: 2305: 2300: 2299: 2298: 2291: 2286: 2285: 2284: 2216:was telecast on 2064:Shravanabelagola 2060:Chandragiri hill 1962:Shravanabelagola 1911:Chandragiri hill 1898:Shravanabelagola 1862:Shravanabelagola 1825:Didarganj Yakshi 1507: 1495: 1452:Names and titles 1368:Bhavishya Purana 1364:Pratisarga Parva 1355:Seleucus Nicator 1139:Building an army 1037:Kathasaritsagara 939: 936: 932: 929: 816:Shravanabelagola 668:Parisishtaparvan 618:Kathasaritsagara 538:Chandragiri hill 499:Vedic Brahminism 430:had invaded the 421:Ashoka the Great 390: 383: 376: 297:Ashoka the Great 271: 264: 257: 256: 251: 242: 180: 156: 110: 107: 95: 91: 88: 63: 35: 7584: 7583: 7579: 7578: 7577: 7575: 7574: 7573: 7564:Hassan district 7534:Mauryan dynasty 7504: 7503: 7502: 7497: 7469: 7460:Rajgir Mahotsav 7433: 7394:Patna Book Fair 7373: 7330: 7300: 7259: 7213: 7194:Patna Golf Club 7182: 7149: 7135:Patna Golf Club 7114: 7071: 6948: 6934: 6881: 6855: 6841:Danapur Station 6799: 6771: 6679: 6673: 6661: 6655: 6632: 6606: 6562: 6451: 6436: 6430: 6425: 6391: 6382: 6374: 6368: 6358: 6353: 6338: 6329: 6314: 6305: 6300: 6285: 6280: 6265: 6260: 6240:Kosmin, Paul J. 6238: 6233: 6218: 6198: 6195: 6194: 6193: 6178: 6177: 6173: 6166: 6164:Further reading 6161: 6156: 6141: 6136: 6121: 6116: 6101: 6096: 6081: 6070: 6057: 6052: 6030: 6025: 6007: 5993: 5988: 5973: 5968: 5946: 5941: 5919: 5913: 5900: 5887: 5882: 5867: 5855: 5850: 5835: 5830: 5815: 5810: 5786: 5774: 5769: 5754: 5749: 5734: 5729: 5707: 5702: 5686: 5675: 5659:Majumdar, R. C. 5657: 5652: 5632:Majumdar, R. C. 5630: 5624: 5611: 5606: 5589: 5584: 5569: 5564: 5549: 5544: 5529: 5524: 5509: 5504: 5489: 5484: 5469: 5464: 5449: 5444: 5425: 5420: 5405: 5396: 5391: 5378: 5367: 5362: 5347: 5342: 5327: 5322: 5307: 5302: 5287: 5247: 5235: 5223: 5214: 5207: 5199: 5184: 5179: 5164: 5156: 5151: 5136: 5125: 5112:10.2307/2109166 5097: 5093: 5088: 5078: 5076: 5067: 5066: 5062: 5053: 5052: 5048: 5035: 5034: 5030: 5012: 5011: 5007: 4990: 4989: 4985: 4968: 4967: 4963: 4953: 4951: 4938: 4937: 4933: 4923: 4921: 4908: 4907: 4903: 4896: 4881: 4880: 4876: 4865: 4864: 4860: 4853: 4835: 4834: 4830: 4814: 4810: 4802: 4798: 4792:Wayback Machine 4783: 4779: 4771: 4767: 4759: 4755: 4747: 4743: 4737:Hemacandra 1998 4735: 4728: 4720: 4716: 4708: 4704: 4696: 4689: 4681: 4677: 4670: 4655: 4654: 4650: 4642: 4638: 4630: 4626: 4618: 4611: 4603: 4599: 4591: 4587: 4579: 4575: 4567: 4563: 4555: 4551: 4543: 4539: 4531: 4527: 4521:Varadpande 2006 4519: 4512: 4504: 4497: 4489: 4485: 4477: 4473: 4465: 4461: 4453: 4449: 4441: 4437: 4429: 4425: 4417: 4413: 4405: 4394: 4386: 4382: 4374: 4370: 4362: 4358: 4350: 4346: 4338: 4329: 4321: 4317: 4309: 4305: 4297: 4293: 4285: 4281: 4273: 4269: 4241:10.2307/1953131 4226: 4225: 4221: 4213: 4206: 4198: 4194: 4173: 4169: 4161: 4157: 4149: 4145: 4141:, pp. 1–4. 4137: 4133: 4129:, p. 7-18. 4125: 4121: 4113: 4109: 4101: 4094: 4086: 4082: 4060: 4059: 4055: 4047: 4043: 4035: 4031: 4023: 4019: 4001: 4000: 3996: 3988: 3984: 3976: 3972: 3964: 3960: 3952: 3948: 3940: 3936: 3928: 3924: 3886: 3885: 3881: 3873: 3869: 3861: 3857: 3847: 3846: 3842: 3834: 3830: 3820: 3818: 3809: 3808: 3804: 3774: 3773: 3769: 3761: 3754: 3746: 3739: 3731: 3727: 3719: 3715: 3707: 3703: 3695: 3691: 3683: 3679: 3671: 3664: 3656: 3652: 3646:Hemacandra 1998 3644: 3631: 3623: 3619: 3611: 3607: 3599: 3595: 3587: 3583: 3575: 3568: 3560: 3556: 3548: 3544: 3536: 3532: 3524: 3520: 3514:Hemacandra 1998 3512: 3508: 3500: 3496: 3488: 3484: 3474: 3472: 3471:. 4 August 2022 3463: 3462: 3458: 3450: 3446: 3438: 3431: 3423: 3416: 3408: 3404: 3380:10.2307/1953131 3365: 3364: 3360: 3352: 3345: 3337: 3326: 3318: 3314: 3305: 3301: 3293: 3282: 3274: 3270: 3262: 3258: 3250: 3241: 3228: 3227: 3223: 3215: 3208: 3200: 3191: 3183: 3179: 3171: 3167: 3159: 3155: 3147: 3143: 3135: 3131: 3123: 3116: 3108: 3099: 3091: 3084: 3078:Hemacandra 1998 3076: 3057: 3049: 3032: 3002: 3001: 2997: 2989: 2982: 2974: 2970: 2962: 2955: 2947: 2934: 2930:, pp. 7–9. 2926: 2915: 2907: 2900: 2896:, pp. 5–7. 2892: 2888: 2880: 2865: 2857: 2838: 2830: 2826: 2818: 2814: 2803: 2799: 2791: 2787: 2779: 2775: 2755: 2740: 2739: 2735: 2724: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2678: 2677: 2673: 2662: 2649: 2648: 2644: 2633: 2617: 2616: 2612: 2604: 2597: 2589: 2585: 2579:Wayback Machine 2570: 2559: 2551: 2544: 2536: 2527: 2523: 2518: 2517: 2495:J. W. McCrindle 2492: 2488: 2479: 2474: 2463: 2457: 2451: 2449: 2445: 2440: 2439: 2426: 2422: 2375:चन्दगुत्त मोरीय 2350: 2346: 2341: 2301: 2296: 2294: 2287: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2234:Civilization VI 2226:Chandra Nandini 2188:in 1977 titled 2171:Babubhai Mistry 2084: 2056: 2004:.) and went to 1981:Jeffery D. Long 1882:Brihakathā kośa 1838: 1817: 1726: 1647: 1591:Sudarshana lake 1535: 1454: 1403: 1383:Battle of Ipsus 1315:Seleucid Empire 1307: 1301: 1257: 1170:stated, in his 1164: 1158: 1141: 1072:Chandragupta's 1066: 1061: 1003:uses the terms 997: 937: 930: 912: 832:Digambara Jains 814:inscription at 771:Maha-bodhi-vasa 656:Shravanabelgola 583:Pliny the Elder 546: 468:marriage treaty 438:. Chandragupta 394: 301:273/268–232 BCE 249: 248: 197: 179: 175:(Chandragiri), 171: 155: 143: 108: 93: 89: 77:Mauryan Emperor 70: 52: 47: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7582: 7580: 7572: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7529:290s BC deaths 7526: 7521: 7516: 7506: 7505: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7495: 7485: 7474: 7471: 7470: 7468: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7441: 7439: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7414:Media in Bihar 7411: 7409:Bihar Regiment 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7385: 7383: 7379: 7378: 7375: 7374: 7372: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7340: 7338: 7332: 7331: 7329: 7328: 7323: 7317: 7315: 7306: 7305:Constituencies 7302: 7301: 7299: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7267: 7265: 7261: 7260: 7258: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7221: 7219: 7215: 7214: 7212: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7199:Bankipore Club 7196: 7190: 7188: 7184: 7183: 7181: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7159: 7157: 7151: 7150: 7148: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7126: 7124: 7123:Sports complex 7120: 7119: 7116: 7115: 7113: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7081: 7079: 7073: 7072: 7070: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6953: 6951: 6949:& colleges 6940: 6936: 6935: 6933: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6893: 6891: 6887: 6886: 6883: 6882: 6880: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6863: 6861: 6857: 6856: 6854: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6811:Patna Junction 6807: 6805: 6801: 6800: 6798: 6797: 6792: 6786: 6784: 6777: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6732:Sadaqat Ashram 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6683: 6681: 6675: 6674: 6672: 6671: 6665: 6663: 6662:neighbourhoods 6657: 6656: 6654: 6653: 6648: 6642: 6640: 6638:Satellite town 6634: 6633: 6631: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6614: 6612: 6608: 6607: 6605: 6604: 6599: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6570: 6568: 6564: 6563: 6561: 6560: 6558:Siege of Arrah 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6459: 6457: 6453: 6452: 6435: 6432: 6431: 6426: 6424: 6423: 6416: 6409: 6401: 6393: 6392: 6387: 6384: 6375: 6371:Magadha Empire 6364: 6360: 6359: 6356:Maurya dynasty 6354: 6351: 6346: 6345: 6337: 6336:External links 6334: 6333: 6332: 6327: 6312: 6303: 6298: 6283: 6278: 6263: 6258: 6236: 6231: 6216: 6192: 6191: 6186: 6180: 6179: 6168: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6159: 6154: 6139: 6134: 6119: 6114: 6099: 6094: 6079: 6068: 6055: 6050: 6032:Thapar, Romila 6028: 6023: 6009:Thapar, Romila 6005: 5995:Thapar, Romila 5991: 5986: 5971: 5966: 5948:Singh, Upinder 5944: 5939: 5921:Singh, Upinder 5917: 5911: 5898: 5885: 5880: 5865: 5853: 5848: 5833: 5828: 5813: 5808: 5784: 5772: 5768:978-0199891825 5767: 5752: 5747: 5732: 5727: 5705: 5700: 5684: 5673: 5655: 5650: 5628: 5622: 5609: 5604: 5587: 5582: 5576:, I.B.Tauris, 5567: 5562: 5547: 5542: 5527: 5522: 5507: 5502: 5487: 5482: 5467: 5462: 5447: 5442: 5423: 5418: 5403: 5394: 5389: 5376: 5365: 5360: 5345: 5340: 5325: 5320: 5305: 5300: 5285: 5237:Boesche, Roger 5233: 5221: 5212: 5197: 5182: 5177: 5162: 5154: 5149: 5134: 5123: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5086: 5060: 5046: 5028: 5005: 4998:. 5 May 2012. 4983: 4961: 4931: 4901: 4894: 4874: 4858: 4851: 4828: 4808: 4796: 4777: 4765: 4763:, pp. 22. 4753: 4751:, pp. 20. 4741: 4726: 4714: 4702: 4687: 4675: 4668: 4648: 4636: 4624: 4609: 4597: 4595:, p. 178. 4585: 4583:, pp. 60. 4573: 4561: 4549: 4537: 4525: 4510: 4495: 4483: 4471: 4459: 4447: 4435: 4433:, p. 189. 4423: 4411: 4392: 4380: 4368: 4356: 4344: 4327: 4315: 4303: 4291: 4279: 4277:, p. 220. 4267: 4263:Chief Minister 4235:(3): 549–560. 4219: 4204: 4192: 4188:978-8121502429 4167: 4155: 4143: 4131: 4119: 4107: 4092: 4080: 4069:(1): 158–173. 4053: 4041: 4029: 4027:, p. 140. 4017: 3994: 3992:, p. 177. 3982: 3970: 3958: 3946: 3934: 3922: 3901:10.2307/626263 3879: 3877:, p. 105. 3867: 3855: 3840: 3828: 3802: 3789:10.1086/360246 3783:(4): 297–313. 3767: 3752: 3737: 3725: 3713: 3701: 3689: 3677: 3662: 3650: 3629: 3617: 3605: 3593: 3581: 3566: 3554: 3552:, p. 155. 3542: 3540:, p. 144. 3530: 3518: 3506: 3494: 3482: 3456: 3452:Trautmann 1970 3444: 3429: 3414: 3402: 3358: 3343: 3324: 3312: 3310:lineage, king. 3299: 3280: 3268: 3256: 3239: 3221: 3206: 3189: 3177: 3175:, p. 138. 3165: 3163:, p. 137. 3153: 3151:, p. 142. 3141: 3129: 3114: 3097: 3082: 3055: 3051:Dikshitar 1993 3030: 3011:(2): 158–165. 2995: 2980: 2968: 2953: 2932: 2913: 2898: 2886: 2863: 2836: 2824: 2812: 2797: 2785: 2773: 2753: 2733: 2722: 2697: 2671: 2660: 2642: 2631: 2610: 2608:, p. 331. 2595: 2593:, p. 330. 2583: 2557: 2542: 2540:, p. 139. 2524: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2515: 2503:R. 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Majumdar 2486: 2442: 2441: 2438: 2437: 2420: 2343: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2336: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2319: 2318: 2307: 2306: 2292: 2289:History portal 2276: 2273: 2272: 2271: 2262:, directed by 2254: 2246: 2237: 2230: 2221: 2208: 2195: 2178: 2175:Bharat Bhushan 2164: 2154: 2142: 2130: 2124: 2117: 2101: 2083: 2080: 2055: 2052: 2048:Sushma Jansari 1894:Rajavali kathe 1892:(1680 CE) and 1837: 1834: 1816: 1813: 1746:strong economy 1725: 1722: 1716:, Jainism and 1646: 1643: 1534: 1531: 1453: 1450: 1446:Andhra Pradesh 1419:Deccan Plateau 1402: 1399: 1303:Main article: 1300: 1297: 1256: 1253: 1160:Main article: 1157: 1154: 1145:Mahavamsa Tika 1140: 1137: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1033:Kashmiri Hindu 996: 993: 938: 323 BCE 911: 908: 892:Madhya Pradesh 883:Brhatkathakosa 879:Brhatkathakosa 746:Gautama Buddha 744:, a branch of 676: 675: 660:Brhatkathakosa 652: 649:Mahabodhivamsa 645:Mahavamsa tika 629: 594: 545: 542: 534:Greek pantheon 530:Zoroastrianism 396: 395: 393: 392: 385: 378: 370: 367: 366: 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5841: 5840: 5834: 5831: 5825: 5821: 5820: 5814: 5811: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5770: 5764: 5760: 5759: 5753: 5750: 5744: 5740: 5739: 5733: 5730: 5728:81-208-0433-3 5724: 5720: 5716: 5715: 5710: 5706: 5703: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5680: 5674: 5670: 5669: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5653: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5638: 5637:Ancient India 5633: 5629: 5625: 5623:9788124600566 5619: 5615: 5610: 5607: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5588: 5585: 5579: 5575: 5574: 5568: 5565: 5559: 5555: 5554: 5548: 5545: 5543:9781800083882 5539: 5536:, UCL Press, 5535: 5534: 5528: 5525: 5519: 5515: 5514: 5508: 5505: 5503:9788121511407 5499: 5495: 5494: 5488: 5485: 5479: 5475: 5474: 5468: 5465: 5459: 5455: 5454: 5448: 5445: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5430: 5429:Mauryan India 5424: 5421: 5415: 5411: 5410: 5404: 5400: 5395: 5392: 5386: 5382: 5377: 5373: 5372: 5366: 5363: 5357: 5353: 5352: 5346: 5343: 5337: 5333: 5332: 5326: 5323: 5317: 5314:, Routledge, 5313: 5312: 5306: 5303: 5297: 5293: 5292: 5286: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5246: 5244: 5238: 5234: 5231: 5227: 5222: 5218: 5213: 5210: 5206: 5200: 5198:9780803240612 5194: 5190: 5189: 5183: 5180: 5174: 5170: 5169: 5163: 5160: 5155: 5152: 5146: 5142: 5141: 5135: 5131: 5130: 5124: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5096: 5095: 5090: 5074: 5070: 5064: 5061: 5056: 5050: 5047: 5042: 5038: 5032: 5029: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5013:TV, Imagine. 5009: 5006: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4987: 4984: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4965: 4962: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4935: 4932: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4905: 4902: 4897: 4891: 4887: 4886: 4878: 4875: 4870: 4869: 4862: 4859: 4854: 4848: 4844: 4843: 4838: 4832: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4812: 4809: 4805: 4800: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4786: 4781: 4778: 4774: 4769: 4766: 4762: 4757: 4754: 4750: 4745: 4742: 4738: 4733: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4718: 4715: 4711: 4706: 4703: 4699: 4694: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4679: 4676: 4671: 4665: 4661: 4660: 4652: 4649: 4645: 4644:Mookerji 1962 4640: 4637: 4634:, p. 40. 4633: 4632:Mookerji 1988 4628: 4625: 4621: 4616: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4605:Mookerji 1988 4601: 4598: 4594: 4589: 4586: 4582: 4577: 4574: 4570: 4569:Mookerji 1988 4565: 4562: 4559:, p. 20. 4558: 4553: 4550: 4546: 4541: 4538: 4534: 4529: 4526: 4522: 4517: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4502: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4491:Harrison 2009 4487: 4484: 4480: 4479:Olivelle 2013 4475: 4472: 4468: 4463: 4460: 4456: 4451: 4448: 4444: 4439: 4436: 4432: 4427: 4424: 4420: 4415: 4412: 4408: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4384: 4381: 4377: 4376:Albinski 1958 4372: 4369: 4365: 4360: 4357: 4353: 4348: 4345: 4341: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4323:Mookerji 1988 4319: 4316: 4312: 4307: 4304: 4300: 4295: 4292: 4288: 4283: 4280: 4276: 4271: 4268: 4264: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4223: 4220: 4216: 4211: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4200:Olivelle 2013 4196: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4171: 4168: 4164: 4159: 4156: 4152: 4151:Mookerji 1988 4147: 4144: 4140: 4139:Mookerji 1988 4135: 4132: 4128: 4123: 4120: 4117:, p. 64. 4116: 4111: 4108: 4105:, p. 19. 4104: 4099: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4084: 4081: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4057: 4054: 4050: 4045: 4042: 4039:, p. 61. 4038: 4033: 4030: 4026: 4021: 4018: 4013: 4009: 4005: 3998: 3995: 3991: 3986: 3983: 3979: 3974: 3971: 3967: 3966:Mookerji 1988 3962: 3959: 3955: 3954:Zvelebil 1973 3950: 3947: 3944:, p. 18. 3943: 3938: 3935: 3932:, p. 38. 3931: 3930:Mookerji 1988 3926: 3923: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3883: 3880: 3876: 3875:Majumdar 2003 3871: 3868: 3864: 3859: 3856: 3851: 3844: 3841: 3837: 3832: 3829: 3816: 3812: 3806: 3803: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3771: 3768: 3764: 3763:Mookerji 1988 3759: 3757: 3753: 3750:, p. 55. 3749: 3744: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3733:Mookerji 1988 3729: 3726: 3722: 3717: 3714: 3710: 3709:Mookerji 1988 3705: 3702: 3699:, p. 26. 3698: 3693: 3690: 3686: 3685:Mookerji 1988 3681: 3678: 3675:, p. 62. 3674: 3669: 3667: 3663: 3660:, p. 34. 3659: 3658:Mookerji 1988 3654: 3651: 3647: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3621: 3618: 3615:, p. 49. 3614: 3609: 3606: 3602: 3597: 3594: 3590: 3589:Mookerji 1988 3585: 3582: 3578: 3573: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3558: 3555: 3551: 3550:Stoneman 2019 3546: 3543: 3539: 3534: 3531: 3527: 3522: 3519: 3515: 3510: 3507: 3504:, p. 22. 3503: 3502:Mookerji 1988 3498: 3495: 3492:, p. 32. 3491: 3490:Mookerji 1988 3486: 3483: 3470: 3466: 3460: 3457: 3453: 3448: 3445: 3442:, p. 14. 3441: 3436: 3434: 3430: 3427:, p. 18. 3426: 3425:Mookerji 1988 3421: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3410:Mookerji 1988 3406: 3403: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3362: 3359: 3355: 3354:Mookerji 1988 3350: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3339:Mookerji 1988 3335: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3320:Mookerji 1988 3316: 3313: 3309: 3303: 3300: 3296: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3276:Mookerji 1988 3272: 3269: 3266:, p. 13. 3265: 3264:Mookerji 1988 3260: 3257: 3253: 3252:Mookerji 1988 3248: 3246: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3225: 3222: 3219:, p. 15. 3218: 3213: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3190: 3187:, p. 13. 3186: 3181: 3178: 3174: 3169: 3166: 3162: 3157: 3154: 3150: 3145: 3142: 3138: 3133: 3130: 3126: 3121: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3089: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3031: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 2999: 2996: 2992: 2991:Mookerji 1988 2987: 2985: 2981: 2978:, p. 12. 2977: 2972: 2969: 2965: 2964:Mookerji 1988 2960: 2958: 2954: 2951:, p. 14. 2950: 2949:Mookerji 1988 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2928:Mookerji 1988 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2905: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2894:Mookerji 1988 2890: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2832:Mookerji 1988 2828: 2825: 2821: 2820:Mookerji 1988 2816: 2813: 2809: 2808: 2801: 2798: 2794: 2789: 2786: 2782: 2777: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2756: 2750: 2746: 2745: 2737: 2734: 2730: 2725: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2710:Arnold, David 2707: 2706:Stein, Burton 2701: 2698: 2694: 2689: 2685: 2684:Jalal, Ayesha 2681: 2675: 2672: 2668: 2663: 2661:9781107111622 2657: 2653: 2646: 2643: 2639: 2634: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2614: 2611: 2607: 2602: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2587: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2573: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2549: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2526: 2520: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2490: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2471: 2467: 2461: 2455: 2447: 2444: 2434: 2430: 2424: 2421: 2417: 2406: 2395: 2386: 2385:Ancient Greek 2381: 2372: 2368: 2366: 2360: 2353: 2348: 2345: 2338: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2312: 2309: 2308: 2304: 2293: 2290: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2265: 2264:Santosh Sivan 2261: 2260: 2255: 2252: 2251: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2238: 2235: 2231: 2228: 2227: 2222: 2219: 2215: 2214: 2209: 2206: 2205:Mudrarakshasa 2202: 2201: 2196: 2193: 2192: 2187: 2183: 2180:The story of 2179: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2149:is an Indian 2148: 2147: 2143: 2140: 2136: 2135: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2118: 2115: 2111: 2110: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2098:Vishakhadatta 2095: 2091: 2090: 2089:Mudrarakshasa 2086: 2085: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2044: 2042: 2041:B. Lewis Rice 2038: 2035:According to 2030: 2026: 2022: 2017: 2013: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1997: 1994: 1989: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1933: 1931: 1926: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1907: 1905: 1904: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1875: 1870: 1863: 1859: 1854: 1847: 1842: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1826: 1821: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1809: 1804: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1762: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1747: 1739: 1738:Maurya Empire 1735: 1730: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1699: 1698: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1684: 1679: 1678: 1672: 1670: 1669: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1611: 1608: 1604: 1599: 1597: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1571: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1532: 1530: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1515: 1514:Mudrarakshasa 1509: 1503: 1499: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1456:Greek writer 1451: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1438: 1433: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1420: 1417:and into the 1416: 1415:Vindhya Range 1412: 1408: 1407:Bay of Bengal 1400: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1379:war elephants 1375: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1347:Paropamisadae 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1327: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1306: 1298: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1273: 1269: 1266: 1261: 1254: 1252: 1250: 1249:Maurya Empire 1246: 1242: 1237: 1235: 1234: 1233:saptamatrikas 1229: 1224: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1205: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1194:Mudrarakshasa 1190: 1188: 1187: 1182: 1181: 1175: 1173: 1169: 1163: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1146: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1128: 1126: 1125:Mudrarakshasa 1122: 1119:according to 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1097: 1095: 1091: 1090:Vinjha forest 1087: 1079: 1075: 1070: 1063: 1058: 1056: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1025: 1024:best of kings 1021: 1020: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 1001:Mudrarakshasa 994: 992: 990: 989:Upinder Singh 986: 981: 979: 975: 969: 967: 963: 962:Paropamisadae 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 925: 921: 920:Alexander III 917: 909: 907: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 863: 859: 858: 853: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 808: 804: 802: 801:Paropamisadae 798: 794: 791: 787: 783: 779: 778: 773: 772: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 734: 728: 725: 721: 717: 711: 709: 708:Punjab region 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 684:Nanda emperor 681: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 610:Mudrarakshasa 607: 606:Vishakhadatta 603: 599: 595: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 551: 550: 543: 541: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 506: 505: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 471: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 424: 422: 418: 414: 413:Maurya Empire 410: 402: 391: 386: 384: 379: 377: 372: 371: 369: 368: 360: 358: 355: 354: 350: 348: 345: 344: 340: 338: 335: 334: 330: 328: 325: 324: 320: 318: 315: 314: 310: 308: 305: 304: 300: 298: 295: 294: 290: 288: 285: 284: 280: 278: 275: 274: 270: 266: 263: 259: 258: 255: 254: 250:(322–180 BCE) 247: 246:Maurya Empire 243: 236: 233: 229: 226: 223: 221: 217: 214: 211: 209: 205: 201: 196: 193: 189: 184: 181:(present-day 178: 177:Maurya Empire 174: 169: 165: 160: 157:(present-day 154: 150: 146: 141: 137: 133: 130: 127: 123: 120: 117: 113: 104: 102: 98: 85: 81: 78: 73: 68: 62: 57: 54: 51: 46: 41: 36: 33: 29: 22: 7382:Other topics 7336:Vidhan Sabha 7168:P&M Mall 7145:Urja Stadium 6947:Universities 6742:Patna Museum 6722:Bihar Museum 6717:Kargil Chowk 6589:Patna Police 6533:Mṛcchakatika 6518:Nanda Empire 6487: 6383:322–297 BCE 6377: 6355: 6317: 6307: 6288: 6268: 6244: 6221: 6203: 6174: 6144: 6124: 6104: 6084: 6073: 6063: 6059: 6036: 6013: 5999: 5976: 5952: 5925: 5902: 5893: 5870: 5860: 5838: 5818: 5799: 5779: 5757: 5737: 5713: 5691: 5678: 5667: 5636: 5613: 5591: 5572: 5552: 5532: 5512: 5492: 5472: 5452: 5434:Tulika Books 5428: 5408: 5398: 5380: 5370: 5350: 5330: 5310: 5290: 5255: 5251: 5242: 5241:"Kautilya's 5225: 5216: 5205:Project MUSE 5202: 5187: 5167: 5158: 5139: 5128: 5106:(1): 62–75, 5103: 5099: 5077:. 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L. 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