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201:. He was concerned by their use not only as German U-boat ports, but also as torpedo boat bases and even possible departure points for a cross-Channel attack. This concern was transmitted via Whitehall to the British chief of staff on the Western Front,
24:. There is no formal definition, but there is a general understanding of the term. Some ferry companies divide their routes into "short" and "long" crossings. The broadest definition might be from
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The ports are important commercial facilities, reinforcing connections between the
British and European road systems. They are also vulnerable to
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The major French port with cross-Channel connections is Calais, with frequent sailings to Dover. Other close French channel include
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has established a lead in the cross-Channel ferry routes through its geographic position and development of its facilities and
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248:(Canadian, British, Polish, Czechoslovak and other national units) was to capture the ports from Le Havre to Zeebrugge.
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During World War II, likewise, the
Channel ports provided major supply routes which had to be reopened in 1944.
276:). It took several weeks to bring the ports back into use at a time when Allied armies badly needed supplies.
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Ferry Port Dover: the development of cross-channel vehicle ferries, their services and allied infrastructure
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are seaports in southern
England and northern France, which allow for short crossings of the
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The
Belgian ports of Ostend and Zeebrugge were considered a major threat by British Admiral
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The ports vary in size and their relative importance has fluctuated during recent history.
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Their importance as military facilities was demonstrated during two World Wars.
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and
Ostende were undefended but major military actions were required for
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of south-east
England, most of which have ceased to be commercial ports.
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the
British and French Channel ports were major conduits for British
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have retained some trade but these tend to be single routes, such as
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81:. This business has been sustained despite competition from the
29:
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205:, for whom it merely confirmed the need for an offensive in
40:
although a tighter definition would exclude ports west of
415:"Clearing the Coastal Belt and the Ports, September 1944"
225:
was the route from which
British and Allied troops were
353:"Dover-Calais/Boulogne ferry services hit by strike"
898:
845:
809:
773:
702:
639:A commercial site promoting cross-channel traffic
462:Ferries of The English Channel: Past and Present
327:"Channel Ferry Ports linking England and France"
291:List of ports and harbours of the Atlantic Ocean
464:. Kilgetty, Pembrokeshire: Ferry Publications.
445:. Kilgetty, Pembrokeshire: Ferry Publications.
355:. eTravel.org. 16 October 2008. Archived from
676:
614:Weymouth Ferries: The Rise and Fall of a Port
8:
616:. Ramsey, Isle of Man: Ferry Publications.
597:. Ramsey, Isle of Man: Ferry Publications.
578:. Ramsey, Isle of Man: Ferry Publications.
559:. Ramsey, Isle of Man: Ferry Publications.
540:. Ramsey, Isle of Man: Ferry Publications.
213:(also known as the Third Battle of Ypres).
683:
669:
661:
1024:Ports and harbours of the English Channel
521:. Staplehurst, Kent: Ferry Publications.
502:. Staplehurst, Kent: Ferry Publications.
483:. Staplehurst, Kent: Ferry Publications.
329:. visitFrance. 2002–2009. Archived from
64:
48:. A historic group of such ports is the
318:
595:The Ostend Ferry: from start to finish
171:such as strikes by port employees or
7:
958:
612:Searle, Brian; Peter, Bruce (2010).
441:Cowsill, Miles; Hendy, John (1994).
379:"Ports blocked in cod quota protest"
241:until the general German surrender.
988:
921:Ballast Water Management Convention
801:Countries by container port traffic
443:Newhaven-Dieppe: the car ferry era
100:Longer routes mainly radiate from
14:
538:Dover-Calais: The Short-Sea Route
151:. There are services to Ireland (
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417:. Department of National Defence
403:. Pocket Books, 2006, pp. 244–5.
85:. Other minor ports in Kent and
644:List of ferry routes to England
649:List of ferry routes to France
131:Longer routes are served from
104:but there are lesser ports at
1:
1014:Ports and harbours of England
557:Folkestone: for the Continent
1019:Ports and harbours of France
796:Busiest by cruise passengers
593:Pattheeuws, Stephen (2015).
209:, and eventually led to the
69:Aerial view of Dover harbour
1040:
175:by disgruntled fishermen.
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890:Terminal Operating System
885:Port operations simulator
786:Busiest container ports
654:13 October 2012 at the
460:Cowsill, Miles (1997).
381:. CNN. 11 December 2002
244:In September 1944, the
211:Battle of Passchendaele
116:, Brittany and Spain.
70:
481:The Dover–Ostend Line
68:
942:Transport portal
781:World's busiest port
574:Hendy, John (2016).
555:Hendy, John (2014).
536:Hendy, John (2009).
517:Hendy, John (1997).
498:Hendy, John (1993).
479:Hendy, John (1991).
163:Strategic importance
983:Wiktionary "Harbor"
401:The First World War
246:First Canadian Army
865:Port state control
855:Maritime transport
791:Busiest by tonnage
231:Dunkirk evacuation
71:
1001:
1000:
973:Wiktionary "Port"
274:Operation Undergo
266:Operation Wellhit
258:Operation Astonia
227:evacuated in 1940
169:industrial action
112:, with routes to
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359:on 14 April 2013
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302:France–UK border
239:left under siege
199:Admiral Jellicoe
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434:Bibliography
419:. Retrieved
408:
400:
395:
383:. Retrieved
373:
361:. Retrieved
357:the original
347:
335:. Retrieved
331:the original
321:
298:(in England)
296:Cinque Ports
243:
220:
217:World War II
203:General Haig
196:
194:and troops.
185:
177:
166:
130:
128:and Dieppe.
123:
99:
72:
50:Cinque Ports
17:
15:
993:WikiProject
899:Conventions
725:Inland port
188:World War I
182:World War I
1008:Categories
765:Naval base
745:Trust port
528:1871947472
509:0951350692
490:095135065X
471:187194743X
452:1871947200
308:References
102:Portsmouth
79:hinterland
810:Locations
755:Anchorage
710:Home port
173:blockades
141:Cherbourg
38:Zeebrugge
32:and from
953:Category
880:Security
837:Southern
822:Atlantic
774:Rankings
750:Dry port
652:Archived
413:Stacey.
280:See also
262:Boulogne
254:Le Havre
207:Flanders
192:materiel
153:Rosslare
133:Le Havre
114:Normandy
110:Plymouth
91:Newhaven
42:Newhaven
28:east to
26:Plymouth
963:Commons
832:Pacific
735:Outport
730:Landing
696:harbors
421:15 July
385:15 July
363:15 July
337:15 July
235:Dunkirk
223:Dunkirk
186:During
149:St Malo
145:Roscoff
126:Dunkirk
61:England
34:Roscoff
827:Indian
817:Arctic
620:
601:
582:
563:
544:
525:
506:
487:
468:
449:
270:Calais
268:) and
250:Dieppe
229:; see
120:France
95:Dieppe
87:Sussex
46:Dieppe
906:SOLAS
760:Wharf
703:Types
692:Ports
313:Notes
106:Poole
75:Dover
56:Ports
916:STCW
694:and
618:ISBN
599:ISBN
580:ISBN
561:ISBN
542:ISBN
523:ISBN
504:ISBN
485:ISBN
466:ISBN
447:ISBN
423:2009
387:2009
365:2009
339:2009
237:was
157:Cork
155:and
147:and
137:Caen
108:and
44:and
30:Kent
16:The
260:),
159:).
36:to
1010::
233:.
143:,
139:,
135:,
97:.
684:e
677:t
670:v
626:.
607:.
588:.
569:.
550:.
531:.
512:.
493:.
474:.
455:.
425:.
389:.
367:.
341:.
272:(
264:(
256:(
93:–
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
