948:
960:
990:
980:
77:
1000:
970:
212:. He was concerned by their use not only as German U-boat ports, but also as torpedo boat bases and even possible departure points for a cross-Channel attack. This concern was transmitted via Whitehall to the British chief of staff on the Western Front,
35:. There is no formal definition, but there is a general understanding of the term. Some ferry companies divide their routes into "short" and "long" crossings. The broadest definition might be from
1034:
832:
301:
842:
837:
827:
811:
693:
806:
178:
The ports are important commercial facilities, reinforcing connections between the
British and European road systems. They are also vulnerable to
1024:
801:
1029:
931:
847:
662:
632:
613:
594:
575:
556:
135:
The major French port with cross-Channel connections is Calais, with frequent sailings to Dover. Other close French channel include
209:
796:
686:
88:
has established a lead in the cross-Channel ferry routes through its geographic position and development of its facilities and
649:
337:
249:
537:
518:
499:
480:
461:
1003:
973:
259:(Canadian, British, Polish, Czechoslovak and other national units) was to capture the ports from Le Havre to Zeebrugge.
963:
213:
880:
679:
900:
895:
740:
232:
During World War II, likewise, the
Channel ports provided major supply routes which had to be reopened in 1944.
287:). It took several weeks to bring the ports back into use at a time when Allied armies badly needed supplies.
791:
530:
Ferry Port Dover: the development of cross-channel vehicle ferries, their services and allied infrastructure
221:
105:
56:
101:
52:
425:
312:
989:
979:
765:
363:
389:
256:
875:
865:
260:
241:
237:
628:
609:
590:
571:
552:
533:
514:
495:
476:
457:
284:
276:
268:
179:
163:
654:
31:
are seaports in southern
England and northern France, which allow for short crossings of the
952:
916:
725:
208:
The
Belgian ports of Ostend and Zeebrugge were considered a major threat by British Admiral
84:
The ports vary in size and their relative importance has fluctuated during recent history.
947:
926:
857:
666:
296:
32:
659:
870:
93:
1018:
890:
885:
750:
730:
921:
341:
306:
60:
735:
198:
189:
Their importance as military facilities was demonstrated during two World Wars.
167:
775:
755:
112:
89:
720:
151:
76:
48:
17:
760:
272:
264:
263:
and
Ostende were undefended but major military actions were required for
217:
202:
183:
143:
124:
120:
63:
of south-east
England, most of which have ceased to be commercial ports.
36:
993:
745:
245:
233:
159:
155:
136:
44:
706:
280:
201:
the
British and French Channel ports were major conduits for British
100:
have retained some trade but these tend to be single routes, such as
97:
983:
671:
770:
116:
85:
702:
367:
147:
92:. This business has been sustained despite competition from the
40:
675:
216:, for whom it merely confirmed the need for an offensive in
51:
although a tighter definition would exclude ports west of
426:"Clearing the Coastal Belt and the Ports, September 1944"
236:
was the route from which
British and Allied troops were
364:"Dover-Calais/Boulogne ferry services hit by strike"
909:
856:
820:
784:
713:
650:A commercial site promoting cross-channel traffic
473:Ferries of The English Channel: Past and Present
338:"Channel Ferry Ports linking England and France"
302:List of ports and harbours of the Atlantic Ocean
475:. Kilgetty, Pembrokeshire: Ferry Publications.
456:. Kilgetty, Pembrokeshire: Ferry Publications.
366:. eTravel.org. 16 October 2008. Archived from
687:
625:Weymouth Ferries: The Rise and Fall of a Port
8:
627:. Ramsey, Isle of Man: Ferry Publications.
608:. Ramsey, Isle of Man: Ferry Publications.
589:. Ramsey, Isle of Man: Ferry Publications.
570:. Ramsey, Isle of Man: Ferry Publications.
551:. Ramsey, Isle of Man: Ferry Publications.
224:(also known as the Third Battle of Ypres).
694:
680:
672:
1035:Ports and harbours of the English Channel
532:. Staplehurst, Kent: Ferry Publications.
513:. Staplehurst, Kent: Ferry Publications.
494:. Staplehurst, Kent: Ferry Publications.
340:. visitFrance. 2002–2009. Archived from
75:
59:. A historic group of such ports is the
329:
606:The Ostend Ferry: from start to finish
182:such as strikes by port employees or
7:
969:
623:Searle, Brian; Peter, Bruce (2010).
452:Cowsill, Miles; Hendy, John (1994).
390:"Ports blocked in cod quota protest"
252:until the general German surrender.
999:
932:Ballast Water Management Convention
812:Countries by container port traffic
454:Newhaven-Dieppe: the car ferry era
111:Longer routes mainly radiate from
25:
549:Dover-Calais: The Short-Sea Route
162:. There are services to Ireland (
998:
988:
978:
968:
959:
958:
946:
428:. Department of National Defence
414:. Pocket Books, 2006, pp. 244–5.
96:. Other minor ports in Kent and
655:List of ferry routes to England
660:List of ferry routes to France
142:Longer routes are served from
115:but there are lesser ports at
1:
1025:Ports and harbours of England
568:Folkestone: for the Continent
1030:Ports and harbours of France
807:Busiest by cruise passengers
604:Pattheeuws, Stephen (2015).
220:, and eventually led to the
80:Aerial view of Dover harbour
1051:
186:by disgruntled fishermen.
940:
901:Terminal Operating System
896:Port operations simulator
797:Busiest container ports
665:13 October 2012 at the
471:Cowsill, Miles (1997).
392:. CNN. 11 December 2002
255:In September 1944, the
222:Battle of Passchendaele
127:, Brittany and Spain.
81:
492:The Dover–Ostend Line
79:
953:Transport portal
792:World's busiest port
585:Hendy, John (2016).
566:Hendy, John (2014).
547:Hendy, John (2009).
528:Hendy, John (1997).
509:Hendy, John (1993).
490:Hendy, John (1991).
174:Strategic importance
994:Wiktionary "Harbor"
412:The First World War
257:First Canadian Army
876:Port state control
866:Maritime transport
802:Busiest by tonnage
242:Dunkirk evacuation
82:
1012:
1011:
984:Wiktionary "Port"
285:Operation Undergo
277:Operation Wellhit
269:Operation Astonia
238:evacuated in 1940
180:industrial action
123:, with routes to
16:(Redirected from
1042:
1002:
1001:
992:
982:
972:
971:
962:
961:
951:
950:
881:Harbour engineer
726:Fuelling station
696:
689:
682:
673:
638:
619:
600:
581:
562:
543:
524:
511:Ferries of Dover
505:
486:
467:
438:
437:
435:
433:
421:
415:
408:
402:
401:
399:
397:
386:
380:
379:
377:
375:
370:on 14 April 2013
360:
354:
353:
351:
349:
344:on 10 March 2009
334:
313:France–UK border
250:left under siege
210:Admiral Jellicoe
21:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1008:
945:
936:
905:
858:Port management
852:
816:
780:
709:
700:
667:Wayback Machine
646:
641:
635:
622:
616:
603:
597:
584:
578:
565:
559:
546:
540:
527:
521:
508:
502:
489:
483:
470:
464:
451:
447:
442:
441:
431:
429:
423:
422:
418:
410:Strachan, Hew.
409:
405:
395:
393:
388:
387:
383:
373:
371:
362:
361:
357:
347:
345:
336:
335:
331:
326:
321:
297:Operation Stack
293:
230:
195:
176:
133:
74:
69:
33:English Channel
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1048:
1046:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1017:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1006:
996:
986:
976:
966:
956:
941:
938:
937:
935:
934:
929:
924:
919:
913:
911:
907:
906:
904:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
871:Port authority
868:
862:
860:
854:
853:
851:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
824:
822:
818:
817:
815:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
788:
786:
782:
781:
779:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
717:
715:
711:
710:
701:
699:
698:
691:
684:
676:
670:
669:
657:
652:
645:
644:External links
642:
640:
639:
633:
620:
614:
601:
595:
582:
576:
563:
557:
544:
538:
525:
519:
506:
500:
487:
481:
468:
462:
448:
446:
443:
440:
439:
416:
403:
381:
355:
328:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
316:
315:
310:
304:
299:
292:
289:
229:
226:
194:
191:
175:
172:
132:
129:
94:Channel Tunnel
73:
70:
68:
65:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1047:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1005:
997:
995:
991:
987:
985:
981:
977:
975:
967:
965:
957:
955:
954:
949:
943:
942:
939:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
914:
912:
908:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
886:Port operator
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
863:
861:
859:
855:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
823:
819:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
789:
787:
783:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
751:Port of entry
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
731:Inland harbor
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
697:
692:
690:
685:
683:
678:
677:
674:
668:
664:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
647:
643:
636:
634:9781906608088
630:
626:
621:
617:
615:9781906608804
611:
607:
602:
598:
596:9781906608743
592:
588:
583:
579:
577:9781906608767
573:
569:
564:
560:
558:9781871947939
554:
550:
545:
541:
535:
531:
526:
522:
516:
512:
507:
503:
497:
493:
488:
484:
478:
474:
469:
465:
459:
455:
450:
449:
444:
427:
420:
417:
413:
407:
404:
391:
385:
382:
369:
365:
359:
356:
343:
339:
333:
330:
323:
318:
314:
311:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
294:
290:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
227:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
206:
204:
200:
192:
190:
187:
185:
181:
173:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
140:
138:
130:
128:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
78:
71:
66:
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
29:Channel Ports
19:
944:
922:MARPOL 73/78
624:
605:
587:Dover-Calais
586:
567:
548:
529:
510:
491:
472:
453:
445:Bibliography
430:. Retrieved
419:
411:
406:
394:. Retrieved
384:
372:. Retrieved
368:the original
358:
346:. Retrieved
342:the original
332:
309:(in England)
307:Cinque Ports
254:
231:
228:World War II
214:General Haig
207:
205:and troops.
196:
188:
177:
141:
139:and Dieppe.
134:
110:
83:
61:Cinque Ports
28:
26:
18:Channel port
1004:WikiProject
910:Conventions
736:Inland port
199:World War I
193:World War I
1019:Categories
776:Naval base
756:Trust port
539:1871947472
520:0951350692
501:095135065X
482:187194743X
463:1871947200
319:References
113:Portsmouth
90:hinterland
821:Locations
766:Anchorage
721:Home port
184:blockades
152:Cherbourg
49:Zeebrugge
43:and from
964:Category
891:Security
848:Southern
833:Atlantic
785:Rankings
761:Dry port
663:Archived
424:Stacey.
291:See also
273:Boulogne
265:Le Havre
218:Flanders
203:materiel
164:Rosslare
144:Le Havre
125:Normandy
121:Plymouth
102:Newhaven
53:Newhaven
39:east to
37:Plymouth
974:Commons
843:Pacific
746:Outport
741:Landing
707:harbors
432:15 July
396:15 July
374:15 July
348:15 July
246:Dunkirk
234:Dunkirk
197:During
160:St Malo
156:Roscoff
137:Dunkirk
72:England
45:Roscoff
838:Indian
828:Arctic
631:
612:
593:
574:
555:
536:
517:
498:
479:
460:
281:Calais
279:) and
261:Dieppe
240:; see
131:France
106:Dieppe
98:Sussex
57:Dieppe
917:SOLAS
771:Wharf
714:Types
703:Ports
324:Notes
117:Poole
86:Dover
67:Ports
927:STCW
705:and
629:ISBN
610:ISBN
591:ISBN
572:ISBN
553:ISBN
534:ISBN
515:ISBN
496:ISBN
477:ISBN
458:ISBN
434:2009
398:2009
376:2009
350:2009
248:was
168:Cork
166:and
158:and
148:Caen
119:and
55:and
41:Kent
27:The
271:),
170:).
47:to
1021::
244:.
154:,
150:,
146:,
108:.
695:e
688:t
681:v
637:.
618:.
599:.
580:.
561:.
542:.
523:.
504:.
485:.
466:.
436:.
400:.
378:.
352:.
283:(
275:(
267:(
104:–
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
