110:
1780:
275:
390:
27:
746:
1756:
707:
907:
1768:
46:
57:
231:'s tenure as president, in part because other foreign donors and investors returned as the war subsided and also because increased rainfall since 1985 improved food production. French official attitudes toward Chad had changed from the 1970s policies under the leadership of
461:
294:
paid a visit to Chad. In 2008, President
Nicolas Sarkozy stated that France's relationship with Chad, since it was established in an era with a different political landscape, should be re-negotiated or ended. In July 2014, French President
465:
534:
290:, who took the presidency from Hissene Habré. Since then, France has supported Déby from being ousted from office and they keep a military presence in the country. In November 2007, President
204:
in 1960. At the end of the 1980s, economic ties were still strong, and France provided development assistance in the form of loans and grants. It was no longer Chad's leading customer for
497:
973:
895:
695:
589:
239:
era of the 1980s. Economic, political, and strategic goals, which had emphasized maintaining French influence in Africa, exploiting Chad's natural resources, and bolstering
227:(Banque des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale—BEAC), which served as the central bank for Chad and six other member nations. Chad's dependence on France declined slightly during
1815:
1715:
89:
958:
542:
968:
223:. French private and government investors owned a substantial portion of Chad's industrial and financial institutions, and the French treasury backed the
1384:
271:
in 1983 and 1984. Then, gradually increasing its commitment to reinforce Habré's presidency, France once again increased its military activity in Chad.
263:, leading France's Socialist Party to reaffirm its ideological stance against high-profile intervention in Africa. Hoping to avoid a confrontation with
342:
and oil. France's main exports to Chad include: medicine, flour, cereals, electronic equipment and automobiles. French multinational companies such as
888:
1164:
615:
688:
1174:
873:
267:, another important client state in the region, President Mitterrand limited French military involvement to a defense of the region surrounding
1810:
1677:
188:
which granted them greater autonomy. As a result, the French Union dissolved and on 11 August 1960, Chad was granted independence from France.
1601:
1272:
1724:
1720:
185:
180:
in 1946 and granted full French citizenship to residents of French Chad and allowed for the establishment of local assemblies within the new
1805:
1728:
881:
327:
1565:
1440:
673:
501:
842:
838:
1800:
1495:
1169:
26:
681:
300:
1622:
1379:
1344:
1068:
411:
389:
1596:
1555:
1510:
1354:
1334:
1319:
1205:
1139:
998:
765:
144:
as the first
Governor of Chad and first black Governor of a French colony. As Governor, Éboué would align the territory of Chad to
252:
1627:
1500:
1289:
1220:
1215:
1043:
1028:
1018:
953:
1581:
1349:
1329:
1257:
1240:
1189:
1099:
1033:
224:
1672:
1591:
1525:
1465:
1425:
1369:
1324:
1304:
1230:
1159:
1134:
1124:
1104:
1073:
988:
978:
165:
563:
1710:
1682:
1746:
1606:
1560:
1530:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1430:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1389:
1309:
1299:
1247:
1210:
1184:
1083:
1063:
1058:
1038:
1008:
943:
338:
In 2016, total trade between Chad and France amounted to €211 million Euros. Chad's main exports to France are primarily
862:
109:
1662:
1550:
1540:
1535:
1520:
1515:
1505:
1490:
1460:
1435:
1374:
1364:
1279:
1225:
1149:
1114:
1109:
1053:
948:
355:
911:
212:
1545:
1485:
1359:
1339:
1314:
1284:
1252:
1235:
1144:
1119:
1048:
1013:
1003:
993:
983:
822:
730:
852:
88:. France controlled Chad from 1900 until the country's independence in 1960. Both nations are today members of the
1667:
1586:
1294:
1267:
1262:
1154:
1129:
1078:
1023:
801:
796:
791:
760:
857:
745:
711:
786:
781:
735:
725:
304:
256:
134:
643:
416:
286:
In 1990, France (along with Libya and Sudan) gave extensive support to the successful coup d'état attempt by
274:
847:
201:
177:
326:
who had succumbed to injuries resulting from gunshots on 20 April 2021 while commanding his army against
121:
France entered the territory of Chad in the late 1890s. In April 1900, France fought against the warlord
126:
296:
232:
77:
141:
205:
161:
118:
240:
153:
485:
1760:
1650:
319:
291:
260:
248:
122:
438:
406:
125:
and his forces to control the territory and succeeded in defeating Rabih's forces at the
347:
323:
287:
164:. France also created two regiments during the war and named them after the territory (
156:
paid a visit to Chad and meet with Éboué in Fort-Lamy (present date N'Djamena). During
93:
1755:
1794:
1784:
1772:
449:
184:. In March 1953, De Gaulle paid a second visit to Chad. In 1958, Chadians voted in a
924:
279:
244:
220:
215:(Communauté Financière Africaine—CFA), which linked the value of its currency, the
181:
157:
149:
379:
268:
113:
Governor Félix Éboué and
General Charles de Gaulle in Fort-Lamy (N'Djamena); 1940.
590:"L'armée française en lutte contre le terrorisme dans la bande sahélo-saharienne"
567:
564:"Visite officielle du Président de la République française au Tchad (in French)"
197:
145:
359:
343:
339:
236:
216:
521:
303:
where it has launched humanitarian and counter-terrorism missions to the
228:
616:"Dernier hommage à Idriss Déby au Tchad, en présence d'Emmanuel Macron"
351:
906:
85:
61:
372:
312:
273:
264:
129:. After the battle, France took control of the Chadian territory (
108:
706:
308:
81:
50:
1699:
1648:
922:
877:
677:
665:
133:) and incorporated as a French colony under the federation of
654:
148:
after German occupation of the country and German controlled
299:
paid a visit to Chad. France maintains an air force base at
208:, but it continued to provide substantial military support.
535:"Chad's relations with Libya, Sudan, France and the US"
278:
Chadian soldiers taking part in the military parade of
176:
Soon after the second World War, France adopted a new
1744:
439:
Encyclopedia
Britannica: Chad - French Administration
1615:
1574:
1398:
1198:
1092:
936:
831:
810:
774:
753:
718:
33:
486:L'Ambassade du Tchad à Paris: Histoire (in French)
168:and Régiment de tirailleurs sénégalais du Tchad).
200:and patron for the first three decades following
160:Chadian soldiers partook in the fighting for the
522:Rencontre Deby-Sarkozy à N’Djamena (in French)
889:
689:
644:Relations économiques bilatérales (in French)
243:'s status as a bulwark against the spread of
8:
19:
1696:
1645:
933:
919:
896:
882:
874:
696:
682:
674:
666:Embassy of France in N'Djamena (in French)
247:influence, had been replaced by nominally
434:
432:
1816:Relations of colonizer and former colony
639:
637:
1751:
428:
385:
152:. In October 1940, Free French General
259:government in 1981 had coincided with
18:
7:
655:Embassy of Chad in Paris (in French)
318:On 23 April 2021, French President
322:attended the funeral of President
261:conditions of near-anarchy in Chad
140:In January 1939, France appointed
14:
588:Larcher, Laurent (5 March 2015).
498:"De Gaulle and his visits abroad"
196:France was Chad's most important
1778:
1766:
1754:
905:
744:
705:
388:
55:
44:
25:
462:"De Gaulle in Chad (in French)"
301:N'Djamena International Airport
225:Bank of Central African States
211:Chad remained a member of the
1:
1811:Bilateral relations of France
1721:Diplomatic missions of France
1711:French entry into World War I
330:rebels in the north of Chad.
974:Democratic Republic of Congo
412:Lycée Montaigne de N'Djamena
366:Resident diplomatic missions
1806:Bilateral relations of Chad
1716:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1135:Dominica, (Commonwealth of)
912:Foreign relations of France
213:African Financial Community
166:Régiment de marche du Tchad
1832:
622:(in French). 23 April 2021
1706:
1695:
1658:
1644:
932:
918:
742:
712:Foreign relations of Chad
378:France has an embassy in
67:
54:
43:
24:
959:Central African Republic
395:Embassy of Chad in Paris
305:Central African Republic
135:French Equatorial Africa
1678:Commonwealth of Nations
371:Chad has an embassy in
848:CIA activities in Chad
839:Diplomatic missions of
283:
114:
1801:Chad–France relations
969:Republic of the Congo
277:
112:
74:Chad–France relations
20:Chad-France relations
1385:United Arab Emirates
206:agricultural exports
78:diplomatic relations
1165:Trinidad and Tobago
863:Wars involving Chad
533:Ketil Fred Hansen.
162:Liberation of Paris
131:Territoire du Tchad
119:Partition of Africa
21:
16:Bilateral relations
417:Opération Épervier
284:
241:francophone Africa
127:Battle of Kousséri
115:
105:French Colonialism
1742:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1691:
1690:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1635:
871:
870:
853:Chadian diplomats
362:operate in Chad.
297:François Hollande
255:in France of the
233:Giscard d'Estaing
192:Post Independence
154:Charles de Gaulle
71:
70:
1823:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1759:
1758:
1750:
1697:
1646:
1602:Papua New Guinea
1273:Kurdistan Region
1178:
934:
920:
910:
909:
898:
891:
884:
875:
858:Treaties of Chad
748:
710:
709:
698:
691:
684:
675:
668:
663:
657:
652:
646:
641:
632:
631:
629:
627:
612:
606:
605:
603:
601:
585:
579:
578:
576:
575:
566:. Archived from
560:
554:
553:
551:
550:
541:. Archived from
539:peacebuilding.no
530:
524:
519:
513:
512:
510:
509:
500:. Archived from
494:
488:
483:
477:
476:
474:
473:
464:. Archived from
458:
452:
447:
441:
436:
392:
356:Société Générale
235:to those of the
82:Republic of Chad
59:
58:
48:
47:
29:
22:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1779:
1777:
1767:
1765:
1753:
1745:
1743:
1734:
1702:
1687:
1654:
1632:
1611:
1570:
1394:
1194:
1176:
1088:
928:
914:
904:
902:
872:
867:
827:
806:
770:
749:
740:
714:
704:
702:
672:
671:
664:
660:
653:
649:
642:
635:
625:
623:
614:
613:
609:
599:
597:
587:
586:
582:
573:
571:
562:
561:
557:
548:
546:
532:
531:
527:
520:
516:
507:
505:
496:
495:
491:
484:
480:
471:
469:
460:
459:
455:
448:
444:
437:
430:
425:
403:
396:
393:
368:
336:
320:Emmanuel Macron
292:Nicolas Sarkozy
251:attitudes. The
249:anticolonialist
194:
174:
123:Rabih az-Zubayr
107:
102:
86:French Republic
60:
56:
49:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1829:
1827:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1775:
1763:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1683:United Nations
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1649:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1566:United Kingdom
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1441:Czech Republic
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
940:
938:
930:
929:
923:
916:
915:
903:
901:
900:
893:
886:
878:
869:
868:
866:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
835:
833:
832:Related topics
829:
828:
826:
825:
820:
814:
812:
808:
807:
805:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
778:
776:
772:
771:
769:
768:
763:
757:
755:
751:
750:
743:
741:
739:
738:
733:
728:
722:
720:
716:
715:
703:
701:
700:
693:
686:
678:
670:
669:
658:
647:
633:
607:
580:
555:
525:
514:
489:
478:
453:
442:
427:
426:
424:
421:
420:
419:
414:
409:
402:
399:
398:
397:
394:
387:
384:
383:
376:
367:
364:
335:
332:
193:
190:
173:
170:
106:
103:
101:
98:
94:United Nations
69:
68:
65:
64:
53:
41:
40:
38:
35:
34:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1828:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1786:
1776:
1774:
1764:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1496:Liechtenstein
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1170:United States
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
941:
939:
935:
931:
926:
921:
917:
913:
908:
899:
894:
892:
887:
885:
880:
879:
876:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
840:
837:
836:
834:
830:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
813:
809:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
779:
777:
773:
767:
766:United States
764:
762:
759:
758:
756:
752:
747:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
723:
721:
717:
713:
708:
699:
694:
692:
687:
685:
680:
679:
676:
667:
662:
659:
656:
651:
648:
645:
640:
638:
634:
621:
617:
611:
608:
595:
591:
584:
581:
570:on 2017-05-19
569:
565:
559:
556:
545:on 2014-04-17
544:
540:
536:
529:
526:
523:
518:
515:
504:on 2017-05-14
503:
499:
493:
490:
487:
482:
479:
468:on 2017-05-09
467:
463:
457:
454:
451:
446:
443:
440:
435:
433:
429:
422:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
404:
400:
391:
386:
381:
377:
374:
370:
369:
365:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
333:
331:
329:
325:
321:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
289:
281:
276:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
209:
207:
203:
199:
198:foreign donor
191:
189:
187:
183:
179:
171:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
111:
104:
99:
97:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
66:
63:
52:
42:
39:
37:
36:
32:
28:
23:
1651:Multilateral
1623:Soviet Union
1380:Turkmenistan
1345:Saudi Arabia
1069:South Africa
963:
817:
661:
650:
624:. Retrieved
619:
610:
598:. Retrieved
593:
583:
572:. Retrieved
568:the original
558:
547:. Retrieved
543:the original
538:
528:
517:
506:. Retrieved
502:the original
492:
481:
470:. Retrieved
466:the original
456:
445:
407:Françafrique
337:
317:
285:
280:Bastille Day
221:French franc
210:
202:independence
195:
182:French Union
178:constitution
175:
172:Independence
158:World War II
150:Vichy France
139:
130:
116:
90:Francophonie
80:between the
73:
72:
1597:New Zealand
1556:Switzerland
1511:Netherlands
1355:South Korea
1335:Philippines
1320:North Korea
1206:Afghanistan
1140:El Salvador
999:Ivory Coast
596:(in French)
450:Félix Éboué
348:Le Méridien
324:Idriss Déby
288:Idriss Déby
146:Free France
142:Félix Éboué
117:During the
1795:Categories
1628:Yugoslavia
1501:Luxembourg
1290:Kazakhstan
1221:Bangladesh
1216:Azerbaijan
1177:(historic)
1044:Mozambique
1029:Mauritania
1019:Madagascar
954:Cape Verde
574:2017-04-01
549:2015-06-10
508:2017-04-01
472:2017-04-01
423:References
360:Total S.A.
344:Air France
340:Gum arabic
237:Mitterrand
186:referendum
1725:in France
1701:Diplomacy
1653:relations
1582:Australia
1350:Singapore
1330:Palestine
1258:Indonesia
1241:Hong Kong
1190:Venezuela
1100:Argentina
1034:Mauritius
927:relations
925:Bilateral
620:France 24
380:N'Djamena
269:N'Djamena
257:Socialist
219:, to the
217:CFA franc
137:in 1910.
84:and the
1761:Politics
1673:Americas
1592:Kiribati
1526:Portugal
1466:Holy See
1426:Bulgaria
1370:Thailand
1325:Pakistan
1305:Malaysia
1231:Cambodia
1160:Suriname
1125:Colombia
1105:Barbados
1093:Americas
1074:Tanzania
989:Ethiopia
979:Djibouti
754:Americas
594:La Croix
401:See also
253:election
92:and the
76:are the
1747:Portals
1607:Vanuatu
1575:Oceania
1561:Ukraine
1531:Romania
1481:Ireland
1476:Iceland
1471:Hungary
1456:Germany
1451:Finland
1446:Denmark
1431:Croatia
1421:Belgium
1416:Austria
1411:Andorra
1406:Albania
1390:Vietnam
1310:Myanmar
1300:Lebanon
1248:Georgia
1211:Armenia
1185:Uruguay
1084:Tunisia
1064:Somalia
1059:Senegal
1039:Morocco
1009:Liberia
944:Algeria
843:in Chad
823:Romania
731:Nigeria
626:31 July
600:31 July
352:Novotel
282:; 2013.
100:History
1785:Africa
1773:France
1663:Africa
1616:Former
1551:Sweden
1541:Serbia
1536:Russia
1521:Poland
1516:Norway
1506:Monaco
1491:Kosovo
1461:Greece
1436:Cyprus
1399:Europe
1375:Turkey
1365:Taiwan
1280:Israel
1226:Brunei
1175:Texas
1150:Mexico
1115:Canada
1110:Brazil
1054:Rwanda
949:Angola
937:Africa
818:France
811:Europe
802:Turkey
797:Taiwan
792:Israel
761:Mexico
719:Africa
245:Soviet
62:France
1729:Paris
1546:Spain
1486:Italy
1360:Syria
1340:Qatar
1315:Nepal
1285:Japan
1253:India
1236:China
1145:Haiti
1120:Chile
1049:Niger
1014:Libya
1004:Kenya
994:Gabon
984:Egypt
787:India
782:China
736:Sudan
726:Libya
373:Paris
334:Trade
313:Niger
265:Libya
229:Habré
1668:Asia
1587:Fiji
1295:Laos
1268:Iraq
1263:Iran
1199:Asia
1155:Peru
1130:Cuba
1079:Togo
1024:Mali
964:Chad
775:Asia
628:2023
602:2023
358:and
328:FACT
311:and
309:Mali
51:Chad
1797::
1723:/
841:/
636:^
618:.
592:.
537:.
431:^
354:,
350:,
346:,
315:.
307:,
96:.
1749::
1731:)
1727:(
897:e
890:t
883:v
697:e
690:t
683:v
630:.
604:.
577:.
552:.
511:.
475:.
382:.
375:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
