38:
248:
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90:(or other title). In others, where a board appoints a president (or other title), the two terms are used for distinct positions. The term chairman may be used in a neutral manner, not directly implying the gender of the holder. In meetings or conferences, to "chair" something (chairing) means to lead the event.
508:
is considered the top position of that institution, outranking the chief executive, and is responsible for leading the board and representing the company in meetings with government figures. Before the creation of the group management board in 2006, HSBC's chair essentially held the duties of a chief
1662:
Lenin, Stalin, Trotsky, Molotov and Abel
Yenukidze began discussing the structure of the new government. Lenin did not want to have 'ministers' as such, so Trotsky suggested that they should be called "peoples' commissars". The government itself would be the "Council of People's Commissars" and its
1081:
Another factor which we must bear in mind is that women need more words - and more positive words - not less. The removal of sexist words would not leave a large repertoire of words for women to draw upon! ... Some attempts have been made to modify sexist words and there arc signs that this on its
589:
to fill the role for a single meeting. In some organizations that have both titles, deputy chair ranks higher than vice-chair, as there are often multiple vice-chairs but only a single deputy chair. This type of deputy chair title on its own usually has only an advisory role and not an operational
552:
Many companies in the US have an executive chair; this method of organization is sometimes called the
American model. Having a non-executive chair is common in the UK and Canada; this is sometimes called the British model. Expert opinion is rather evenly divided over which is the preferable model.
1008:
Typically, these analyses pointed out the use of so-called generic male terms as sexist... As a consequence of these critiques, guides were published that replaced so-called generic male terms with truly generic terms: policeman became police officer; fireman, fire fighter; postman, mail carrier;
415:
While presiding, the chair should remain impartial and not interrupt a speaker if the speaker has the floor and is following the rules of the group. In committees or small boards, the chair votes along with the other members; in assemblies or larger boards, the chair should vote only when it can
1241:
Chairperson has, since the 1960s, come to be used widely as an alternative to either chairman or chairwoman. This change has sprung largely from a desire to avoid chairman, which is felt by many to be inappropriate and even sexually discriminatory when applied to a woman ... Chairperson is
517:
Non-executive chair is also a separate post from the CEO; unlike an executive chair, a non-executive chair does not interfere in day-to-day company matters. Across the world, many companies have separated the roles of chair and CEO, saying that this move improves corporate governance. The
509:
executive at an equivalent institution, while HSBC's chief executive served as the deputy. After the 2006 reorganization, the management cadre ran the business, while the chair oversaw the controls of the business through compliance and audit and the direction of the business.
556:
The role of the chair in a private equity-backed board differs from the role in non-profit or publicly listed organizations in several ways, including the pay, role and what makes an effective private-equity chair. Companies with both an executive chair and a CEO include
581:
A vice- or deputy chair, subordinate to the chair, is sometimes chosen to assist and to serve as chair in the latter's absence, or when a motion involving the chair is being discussed. In the absence of the chair and vice-chair, groups sometimes elect a
272:
requires that members address the "chair" as "Mr. (or Madam) Chairman (or Chair or
Chairperson)" rather than using a name – one of many customs intended to maintain the presiding officer's impartiality and to ensure an objective and impersonal approach.
850:
840:(2nd edition, 1989) offers this citation: 1833 Act 3–4 Will. IV, c. 46 §43 "The convener, who shall preside at such committee, shall be entitled to a casting vote." This meaning is most commonly found in assemblies with Scottish heritage.
267:
can refer to the place from which the holder of the office presides, whether on a chair, at a lectern, or elsewhere. During meetings, the person presiding is said to be "in the chair" and is also referred to as "the chair".
81:. The person holding the office, who is typically elected or appointed by members of the group or organisation, presides over meetings of the group, and is required to conduct the group's business in an orderly fashion.
416:
affect the result. At a meeting, the chair only has one vote (i.e. the chair cannot vote twice and cannot override the decision of the group unless the organization has specifically given the chair such authority).
1815:
862:
424:
The powers of the chair vary widely across organizations. In some organizations they have the authority to hire staff and make financial decisions. In others they only make recommendations to a
1174:
When you are writing or speaking
English it is important to use language that includes both men and women equally. Some people may be very offended if you do not ... Neutral words like
448:. The rules of the organization would provide details on who can perform these disciplinary procedures. Usually, whoever appointed or elected the chair has the power to discipline them.
468:(CEO) may also hold the title of chair, in which case the board frequently names an independent member of the board as a lead director. This position is equivalent to the position of
3076:
553:
There is a growing push by public market investors for companies with an executive chair to have a lead independent director to provide some element of an independent perspective.
1831:
1132:. Since women are generally as likely as men to be involved in an occupation or activity nowadays, this type of word is increasingly being replaced by gender-neutral terms, e.g.
46:
1198:
in the names of jobs ... Neutral words are very common in newspapers, on television and radio and in official writing, in both
British English and North American English.
330:
37:
1800:
2647:
284:
who announced the performances and was responsible for controlling any rowdy elements in the audience. The role was popularised on
British TV in the 1960s and 1970s by
314:
620:
440:
If the chair exceeds their authority, engages in misconduct, or fails to perform their duties, they may face disciplinary procedures. Such procedures may include
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Although chairman can refer to a person of either sex, chairperson or chair is often preferred to avoid giving the idea the person is necessarily male.
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Is it possible to change sexist language? ... Much of the debate has centered around two types of change: the coining of new terms (such as
309:, for example, officially functioned as the head of Soviet Russian government not as prime minister or as president but as "Chairman of the
1942:
883:
371:
In addition to the administrative or executive duties in organizations, the chair presides over meetings. Such duties at meetings include:
1721:, p. 44: "The presiding officer must never interrupt a speaker simply because he knows more about the matter than the speaker does."
3097:
806:
168:
language, associating the male gender with the exercise of authority, this has led to the widespread use of the generic "Chairperson".
2670:
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256:
198:
1989:
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for the organization. The power given depends upon the type of organization, its structure, and the rules it has created for itself.
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Many people prefer to say chair or chairperson, because the word chairman suggests that the person in this position is always a man.
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On 26 October 1917, Lenin announced the creation of the
Council of People's Commissars, having rejected the traditional title of
1513:
887:
811:
405:
480:
Executive chair is an office separate from that of CEO, where the titleholder wields influence over company operations, such as
3208:
3193:
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318:
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An unrelated definition of vice- and deputy chairs describes an executive who is higher ranking or has more seniority than an
2196:
3203:
2831:
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2140:
1090:
have been an attempt to break away from the negative value which female words acquire by the creation of sex-neutral terms
3133:
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297:"Chairman" as a quasi-title gained particular resonance when socialist states from 1917 onward shunned more traditional
172:
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86:
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These compounds sometimes generate controversy because they are considered sexist by some people who believe that -
651:
2406:
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858:
836:
747:
Gender across languages: The
Linguistic Representation of Women and Men (IMPACT: Studies in Language and Society)
152:
124:
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1968:
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305:(councils or committees) by beginning to refer to executive figureheads as "Chairman of the X Committee".
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78:
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non-executive chair's duties are typically limited to matters directly related to the board, such as:
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281:
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1997:
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408:) to a vote, which is the usual way of resolving disagreements following discussion of the issues
138:
70:
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1427:
1372:(30. anniversary ed., 7. ed., rev. and updated, ed.). New York: HarperCollins. p.
3036:
2826:
2735:
1400:
991:
386:
1535:
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1946:
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150:
or office of authority since the middle of the 17th century; its earliest citation in the
525:
Organizing and coordinating the board's activities, such as by setting its annual agenda.
1298:
itself, is an accepted and efficient convention that is not meant to be gender-specific.
903:... responsibilities of the Lord Speaker include chairing the Lords debating chamber,...
770:
2998:
2864:
2836:
2778:
2527:
1504:
306:
252:
3182:
2909:
834:
means someone who summons (convenes) a meeting, the convener may take the chair. The
689:
566:
489:
481:
285:
193:
1585:"Ambassador Leena Al-Hadid Takes Over as New Chairperson of IAEA Board of Governors"
429:
231:; the newspaper's position, as of 2018, is that "chairman is correct English". The
17:
1874:
939:
1639:
1064:
1016:
213:(2000) suggested that the gender-neutral forms were gaining ground; it advocated
2846:
2841:
2700:
2487:
1226:
585:
545:
528:
Reviewing and evaluating the performance of the CEO and the other board members.
351:
42:
3146:
2904:
2568:
2558:
2543:
2115:
591:
497:
322:
298:
277:
2022:
313:". At the same time, the head of the state was first called "Chairman of the
2970:
2783:
2685:
357:
74:
544:, as chairman, presides over the 2016 annual meeting of the Friends of the
2625:
2001:
1780:
1695:
as being too "bourgeois", and named himself the "Chairman of the
Council".
2750:
1739:
1961:"What is the role of a chair of the board in a private equity company?\"
3026:
2803:
2740:
2174:
1082:
own is insufficient to reduce sexism in language. Words such as police
441:
428:, and or may have no executive powers, in which case they are mainly a
2965:
2695:
1009:
workman, worker; chairman, chairperson; mankind, humanity; and so on.
379:
165:
1853:
1559:
The
Handbook of Nonsexist Writing: For writers, editors and speakers
1120:
in words referring to professions and roles in society, for example
2181:
1813:
HSBC chief Michael Geoghegan 'to quit' after failing to get top job
1405:. New York: International Debate Education Association. p. 5.
1429:
FranklinCovey style guide for business and technical communication
536:
246:
194:
FranklinCovey Style Guide for Business and Technical Communication
183:
refers to the person who controls the debate; it recommends using
1832:
HSBC ex-chief Michael Geoghegan relaxes as another marathon looms
1453:
Gurung, Regan A. R.; Schwartz, Beth M.; Landrum, R. Eric (2012).
2026:
1432:(5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: FT Press. p. 27.
971:, the online edition of the current Merriam-Webster Dictionary,
562:
505:
493:
147:
2629:
2185:
136:. The chair of a parliamentary chamber is sometimes called the
1369:
On writing well : the classic guide to writing nonfiction
656:(11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo Press. p. 22.
456:
There are three common types of chair in public corporations.
1426:
England, Breck; Covey, Stephen R.; Freeman, Larry H. (2012).
2966:
Rescind, repeal, annul or amend something previously adopted
156:
dates to 1658–1659, four years after the first citation for
30:"Chairman of the Board" redirects here. For other uses, see
1482:(2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 61.
69:, is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a
1801:
HSBC investors against Michael Geoghegan becoming chairman
918:. Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster. 1993. p. 235.
317:" (until 1938) and then "Chairman of the Presidium of the
1943:"Corporate Governance Principles for US Listed Companies"
325:
was commonly called "Chairman Mao", as he was officially
1562:(2nd ed.). Lincoln, NE: iUniverse.com. p. 32.
1528:"Chair, Chairperson, Chairman ... Which Should You Use?"
1457:. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE Publications. p. 54.
1351:. New York: Marshall Cavendish Reference. p. 300.
698:(Fourth ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 163.
1349:
Sex and society Volume 1: Abstinence – Gender Identity
1322:
can seem inappropriate when applied to a woman, while
2932:
Request for permission to withdraw or modify a motion
1773:"Frequently Asked Questions about RONR (Question 20)"
235:
adopted a resolution in 1975 discouraging the use of
1822:. News.com.au (2010-09-24). Retrieved on 2013-08-22.
1732:"Frequently Asked Questions about RONR (Question 1)"
385:
Announcing the items on the "order of business", or
3077:
Demeter's Manual of Parliamentary Law and Procedure
3050:
3017:
2984:
2949:
2900:
Motions relating to methods of voting and the polls
2855:
2817:
2764:
2663:
2577:
2536:
2480:
2219:
2141:"Ted Turner quits as AOLTW Vice Chairman – TV News"
1290:
necessarily excludes females. Others believe that -
1503:
84:In some organizations, the chair is also known as
27:Leading or presiding officer of an organized group
1875:"We at Confidencen: Board and General Management"
1480:The Oxford dictionary of American usage and style
211:The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style
1926:"COMMONSENSE PRINCIPLES OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE"
1779:. The Robert's Rules Association. Archived from
1738:. The Robert's Rules Association. Archived from
1242:standard in all varieties of speech and writing.
1677:The Secret File of Joseph Stalin: A Hidden Life
621:Parliamentary procedure in the corporate world
301:labels and stressed the collective control of
2641:
2197:
1777:The Official Robert's Rules of Order Web Site
1736:The Official Robert's Rules of Order Web Site
1116:People also object to the use of the ending -
1057:as the generic third person singular pronoun.
993:Nonsexist Research Methods: A Practical Guide
977:Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage
916:Merriam-Webster's dictionary of English usage
8:
3069:The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure
2880:Objection to the consideration of a question
2068:"HP Investor Relations – Board of directors"
1663:chairman would be prime minister, in effect.
1641:Stalin: The Murderous Career of the Red Tsar
1402:Debating in the World Schools style: a guide
695:The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure
98:Terms for the office and its holder include
1334:can be applied to either a man or a woman;
331:Chairman of the Central Military Commission
3141:Beauchesne's Parliamentary Rules and Forms
2648:
2634:
2626:
2600:List of business and finance abbreviations
2204:
2190:
2182:
1614:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. p. 207.
1612:British Music Hall: An Illustrated History
1018:Language and Sex: Difference and Dominance
49:'s Fourth Review Conference, November 2018
2746:Voting methods in deliberative assemblies
1846:"The Non-Executive Chairman Comes of Age"
1103:. Oxford University Press. Archived from
41:Agustín Vásquez Gómez, ambassador of the
1644:. Arcturus Publishing (published 2012).
1532:National Association of Parliamentarians
1021:. Newbury House Publishers. p. 28.
362:United States Senate Watergate Committee
233:National Association of Parliamentarians
36:
3091:Mason's Manual of Legislative Procedure
1347:Marshall Cavendish Corporation (2010).
793:
637:
327:Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party
2890:Consideration by paragraph or seriatim
2102:
2090:
1897:"Splitting the Chairman and CEO roles"
1759:
1718:
1706:
1597:
676:
650:Robert, Henry M.; et al. (2011).
32:Chairman of the Board (disambiguation)
3061:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised
2676:Principles of parliamentary procedure
1834:. Telegraph. Retrieved on 2013-08-22.
1803:. Telegraph. Retrieved on 2013-08-22.
1587:. International Atomic Energy Agency.
749:. Amsterdam: Benjamins. p. 125.
653:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised
7:
1015:Barrie Thorne; Nancy Henley (1975).
884:"About Parliament: The Lord Speaker"
789:
787:
645:
643:
641:
504:. In particular, the group chair of
3098:Erskine May: Parliamentary Practice
2167:A Great Meeting Needs a Great Chair
1556:Miller, Casey; Swift, Kate (2000).
1053:), and various proposal to replace
990:Margrit Eichler (28 October 2013).
522:Chairing the meetings of the board.
288:, the chairman on the variety show
160:. Feminist critiques have analysed
3120:Odgers' Australian Senate Practice
2671:History of parliamentary procedure
1895:Behan, Beverly (10 January 2008).
1583:Dixit, Aabha (24 September 2018).
257:International Atomic Energy Agency
255:of Jordan chairs a meeting of the
199:American Psychological Association
25:
3127:House of Representatives Practice
2915:Request to be excused from a duty
1165:from the original on May 30, 2017
944:Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1)
3164:
2847:Fix the time to which to adjourn
2794:Limit or extend limits of debate
2165:Trohan, Colette Collier (2014).
1534:. 6 October 2017. Archived from
1516:from the original on 2022-01-10.
1275:The American Heritage Dictionary
888:Parliament of the United Kingdom
812:Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
401:Enforcing the rules of the group
350:
280:tradition, the chairman was the
2940:Request for any other privilege
2905:Motions relating to nominations
1610:Baker, Richard Anthony (2014).
1190:are now often used instead of -
975:by Anatoly Liberman (page 88),
851:"The many roles of the Speaker"
745:Hellinger, Marlis, ed. (2001).
319:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
223:'s style guide bans the use of
2827:Call for the orders of the day
311:Council of People's Commissars
1:
2951:Motions that bring a question
2832:Raise a question of privilege
3084:Riddick's Rules of Procedure
2048:"Board - Investor Relations"
1967:. 2018-05-04. Archived from
1844:Kefgen, Keith (2004-05-11).
1211:. Cambridge University Press
965:American Heritage Dictionary
861:. 2006-02-01. Archived from
375:Calling the meeting to order
173:World Schools Style debating
146:has been used to refer to a
1277:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
1161:. Oxford University Press.
1159:Oxford Learner's Dictionary
1069:. Pandora. pp. 29–30.
626:President (corporate title)
577:Vice-chair and deputy chair
470:président-directeur général
315:Central Executive Committee
201:style guide advocate using
3225:
2789:Postpone to a certain time
1679:. Routledge. p. 116.
1338:is generally preferred to
1309:Collins English Dictionary
1227:"Chairperson (usage note)"
337:Roles and responsibilities
239:and rescinded it in 2017.
191:to address the chair. The
29:
3162:
3134:Bourinot's Rules of Order
3052:Parliamentary authorities
2953:again before the assembly
2143:. Digital Spy. 2003-01-29
1478:Garner, Bryan A. (2000).
1455:An easyguide to APA style
1366:Zinsser, William (2007).
996:. Routledge. p. 14.
969:Oxford English Dictionary
859:Parliament of New Zealand
857:. Office of the Speaker,
837:Oxford English Dictionary
360:(right), chairman of the
153:Oxford English Dictionary
3189:Leaders of organizations
3032:Declare the chair vacant
2895:Division of the assembly
1675:Brackman, Roman (2004).
1101:Oxford Living Dictionary
1097:"The language of gender"
599:executive vice-president
546:Ulriksdal Palace Theater
217:for both men and women.
3199:Parliamentary procedure
3019:Disciplinary procedures
2928:Request for information
2657:Parliamentary procedure
2523:Representative director
1305:"Chairman (usage note)"
1271:"Chairman (usage note)"
1249:"Chairman (usage note)"
1155:"Chairman - More About"
466:chief executive officer
436:Disciplinary procedures
395:of members to have the
321:". In Communist China,
270:Parliamentary procedure
43:Republic of El Salvador
3209:Positions of authority
3194:Management occupations
2986:Legislative procedures
2936:Request to read papers
2920:Requests and inquiries
2885:Division of a question
2595:Executive compensation
2513:Non-executive director
2000:. 2019. Archived from
855:New Zealand Parliament
616:Non-executive director
549:
411:Adjourning the meeting
260:
50:
2971:Discharge a committee
2924:Parliamentary inquiry
2774:Postpone indefinitely
2681:Deliberative assembly
1852:. HVS. Archived from
1399:Quinn, Simon (2009).
1063:Dale Spender (1990).
540:
250:
79:deliberative assembly
40:
3204:Political neologisms
3009:Recall of Parliament
2590:Corporate governance
2537:Mid-level executives
2498:Development director
2347:Information security
1253:Macmillan Dictionary
1209:Cambridge Dictionary
724:Cambridge Dictionary
513:Non-executive chair
420:Powers and authority
282:master of ceremonies
3153:ABC of Chairmanship
2961:Take from the table
2169:. A Great Meeting.
1949:on 2 February 2017.
1512:. 23 January 2018.
814:via Search Chambers
452:Public corporations
446:removal from office
404:Putting questions (
220:The Daily Telegraph
18:Chairman (official)
3113:Lex Parliamentaria
2857:Incidental motions
2819:Privileged motions
2766:Subsidiary motions
2585:Board of directors
2508:Executive director
1998:Ford Motor Company
1994:Ford Motor Company
1856:on 27 October 2007
1818:2013-12-04 at the
1326:can be offensive.
611:Executive director
550:
542:Christina Magnuson
426:board of directors
342:Duties at meetings
261:
51:
3176:
3175:
3004:Motion to pass on
2994:Call of the house
2875:Suspend the rules
2799:Previous question
2756:Unanimous consent
2736:Order of business
2623:
2622:
2615:Talent management
2610:Supervisory board
2605:Senior management
2493:Creative director
2481:Senior executives
1686:978-1-135-75840-0
1651:978-1-84858-951-3
1621:978-1-78383-118-0
1464:978-1-4129-9124-7
1439:978-0-13-309039-0
1412:978-1-932716-55-9
1383:978-0-06-089154-1
1358:978-0-7614-7906-2
1205:"Chairman - Note"
1076:978-0-04-440766-9
1066:Man Made Language
1003:978-1-134-97797-0
773:. Merriam-Webster
726:(Online ed.)
705:978-0-07-136513-0
663:978-0-306-82020-5
594:at Time Warner).
444:, suspension, or
389:, as they come up
378:Determining if a
291:The Good Old Days
164:as an example of
134:presiding officer
16:(Redirected from
3216:
3168:
3072:(TSC or Sturgis)
2809:Lay on the table
2650:
2643:
2636:
2627:
2213:Corporate titles
2206:
2199:
2192:
2183:
2178:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1945:. Archived from
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1903:. Archived from
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1636:Cawthorne, Nigel
1632:
1626:
1625:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1507:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1362:
1343:
1316:
1315:
1300:
1294:, like the word
1283:
1282:
1266:
1261:
1260:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1200:
1171:
1170:
1150:
1113:
1112:
1092:
1059:
1011:
986:
980:
961:
955:
954:
952:
951:
936:
930:
929:
912:
906:
905:
900:
899:
890:. Archived from
880:
874:
873:
871:
870:
847:
841:
828:
822:
821:
803:
797:
791:
782:
781:
779:
778:
767:
761:
760:
742:
736:
735:
733:
731:
716:
710:
709:
686:
680:
674:
668:
667:
647:
460:Chairman and CEO
354:
21:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3170:Politics portal
3158:
3046:
3013:
2980:
2952:
2945:
2851:
2813:
2760:
2659:
2654:
2624:
2619:
2573:
2564:Product manager
2554:Account manager
2549:General manager
2532:
2503:General counsel
2476:
2337:Human resources
2215:
2210:
2164:
2161:
2159:Further reading
2156:
2155:
2146:
2144:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2124:
2122:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2101:
2097:
2089:
2085:
2076:
2074:
2072:Hewlett-Packard
2066:
2065:
2061:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2032:
2030:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2007:
2005:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1974:
1972:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1910:
1908:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1859:
1857:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1830:
1826:
1820:Wayback Machine
1811:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1786:
1784:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1758:
1754:
1745:
1743:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1717:
1713:
1705:
1701:
1687:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1570:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1541:
1539:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1490:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1440:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1413:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1384:
1365:
1359:
1346:
1313:
1311:
1303:
1280:
1278:
1269:
1258:
1256:
1247:
1235:
1233:
1225:
1214:
1212:
1203:
1168:
1166:
1153:
1110:
1108:
1095:
1077:
1062:
1029:
1014:
1004:
989:
987:
983:
962:
958:
949:
947:
938:
937:
933:
926:
914:
913:
909:
897:
895:
882:
881:
877:
868:
866:
849:
848:
844:
829:
825:
818:Chambers Harrap
805:
804:
800:
792:
785:
776:
774:
769:
768:
764:
757:
744:
743:
739:
729:
727:
718:
717:
713:
706:
688:
687:
683:
675:
671:
664:
649:
648:
639:
634:
607:
579:
535:
515:
502:AOL Time Warner
478:
476:Executive chair
462:
454:
438:
422:
369:
368:
367:
366:
365:
355:
344:
339:
276:In the British
245:
96:
45:, chairing the
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3222:
3220:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3181:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3149:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3065:
3056:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3023:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2957:
2955:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2865:Point of order
2861:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2823:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2667:
2665:
2664:Major concepts
2661:
2660:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2630:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2581:
2579:
2578:Related topics
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2528:Vice president
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2457:Sustainability
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
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2279:
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2272:Communications
2269:
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2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2232:Administrative
2229:
2223:
2221:
2220:Chief officers
2217:
2216:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2132:
2107:
2095:
2083:
2059:
2039:
2014:
1981:
1965:www.nurole.com
1952:
1934:
1917:
1887:
1866:
1836:
1824:
1805:
1793:
1764:
1752:
1723:
1711:
1699:
1685:
1667:
1650:
1638:(2012-07-24).
1627:
1620:
1602:
1590:
1575:
1568:
1548:
1519:
1505:"Banned words"
1495:
1488:
1470:
1463:
1445:
1438:
1418:
1411:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1382:
1363:
1357:
1344:
1301:
1267:
1245:
1231:Dictionary.com
1223:
1201:
1151:
1093:
1075:
1060:
1027:
1002:
981:
956:
931:
924:
907:
875:
842:
823:
798:
783:
762:
755:
737:
711:
704:
690:Sturgis, Alice
681:
669:
662:
636:
635:
633:
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629:
628:
623:
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603:
578:
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534:
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511:
477:
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461:
458:
453:
450:
437:
434:
421:
418:
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409:
402:
399:
390:
383:
376:
356:
349:
348:
347:
346:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
253:Leena Al-Hadid
244:
241:
175:, as of 2009,
95:
92:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3221:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
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3186:
3184:
3171:
3167:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2948:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2910:Prayer motion
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2651:
2646:
2644:
2639:
2637:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2422:Restructuring
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2387:Merchandising
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
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2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
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2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2227:Accessibility
2225:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2195:
2193:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2105:, p. 453
2104:
2099:
2096:
2093:, p. 452
2092:
2087:
2084:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2004:on 2011-05-11
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1971:on 2019-02-26
1970:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1907:on 2011-04-16
1906:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1888:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1794:
1783:on 2004-11-12
1782:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1762:, p. 406
1761:
1756:
1753:
1742:on 2004-11-12
1741:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1712:
1709:, p. 449
1708:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1678:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1653:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1623:
1617:
1613:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1591:
1586:
1579:
1576:
1571:
1569:0-595-15921-4
1565:
1561:
1560:
1552:
1549:
1538:on 2019-02-21
1537:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1510:The Telegraph
1506:
1499:
1496:
1491:
1489:0-19-513508-3
1485:
1481:
1474:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1446:
1441:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1422:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1395:
1392:
1385:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1360:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1134:postal worker
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1107:on 2019-05-10
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1030:
1028:9780883770436
1024:
1020:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1005:
999:
995:
994:
985:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
963:See also the
960:
957:
945:
941:
935:
932:
927:
925:0-87779-132-5
921:
917:
911:
908:
904:
894:on 2008-06-09
893:
889:
885:
879:
876:
865:on 2019-05-09
864:
860:
856:
852:
846:
843:
839:
838:
833:
827:
824:
819:
816:. Edinburgh:
815:
813:
808:
802:
799:
795:
790:
788:
784:
772:
771:"Chairperson"
766:
763:
758:
756:90-272-1841-2
752:
748:
741:
738:
725:
721:
715:
712:
707:
701:
697:
696:
691:
685:
682:
679:, p. 448
678:
673:
670:
665:
659:
655:
654:
646:
644:
642:
638:
631:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
608:
604:
602:
600:
595:
593:
590:one (such as
588:
587:
576:
574:
572:
568:
567:Alphabet Inc.
564:
560:
554:
547:
543:
539:
532:
527:
524:
521:
520:
519:
512:
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