Chakavian - Knowledge (XXG)

3488:, p. 9–10, 63, 632:Nema pretjerano smisla govoriti ni o prazapadnojužnoslavenskom iako postoje određene općeZJslav. (tj. opće-slovensko-kajkavsko-čakavsko-štokavske) karakteristike (npr. razvoj tipa *sto > stȏ ‒ §115, 299), kao ni o praslovenskom, prakajkavskom, pračakavskom ili praštokavskom ... podrazumijeva postojanje npr. pračakavskog (koji ne postoji) ... čak. od početka nije jedinstven ... S obzirom na dijalekatski kontinuum i nepravilno širenje izoglosâ, nema smisla govoriti primjerice o praštokavskoj, pračakavskoj ili prakajkavskoj jedinstvenoj akcentuaciji. Kada ovdje govorimo o sln., kajk., čak. i štok., tê nazive treba shvatiti uvjetno ‒ riječ je tradicionalnim nazivima, a ne o genetskim jedinicama. Zanimljivo je pritom primijetiti da je kod ovih tradicionalnih naziva riječ o jednom »jeziku« i tri »narječja«. Sve naglasne razlike između pojedinih sln. dijalekata su mlađe. Iako se lako mogu zamisliti i drugačije potpodjele (npr. odvajanje čakavskog sjevera od ostatka čakavskoga i sl.), to ne bi bitno pridonijelo jasnijoj slici čitave problematike. 1415:

Academic and currently leading expert on Chakavian, Silvana Vranić, noted that Chakavian idiom is a dialect group of sub-dialects of Croatian language of Western South-Slavic from which cannot be removed and considered a separate language. She criticized Miller's documentation as it was based on two irrelevant and unscientific sources with "scientific falsehood" (including false claim of low dialectological difference between different Chakavian speeches). Joško Božanić noted the paradox of SIL International, as the institute already registered in 2008 the Croatian language as a South Slavic language with three dialects (Kajkavian, Chakavian, Shtokavian). He considers that the re-valorization of Chakavian idiom should not come from a foreign country, and Croatian initiatives possibly need to aim listing it on UNESCO's

1807:, Chakavian dialect would have been the best dialectological basis for the Croatian standard language (Chakavian and Kajkavian nevertheless still had an important active role in the standardization of the Croatian language). The reason it was not chosen for the basis of Croatian standard language in the 19th century is considered to be the significant reduction of dialect area due to previous migrations and change of dialectical contacts, but others disagree and point that such argument initially only hindered scientific research. It certainly was the main, but not only reason, as the "results of convergent Croatian literary and linguistic development" can be traced to literary and sacral works at least since first half of the 16th century. Over time, it was perceived as an archaic, less prestigious dialect. 1485:, continued to advance the older opinion until the late 19th century. The basic premise was that with the Ottoman invasion most of Croatia lost its native ethnic Croatian population because the presumed borders of the Chakavian speakers were reduced, and they therefore became ethnically Serbian. Some believed that Kajkavian-speaking Croats took over Serbian (Shtokavian-Chakavian) literary language. Such, more political than scientific misconceptions were present both on the Serbian and Croatian sides and internationally, and continue to plague the public and less scientific viewpoint and understanding of the Serbo-Croatian dialects, being among pivotal points of legitimacy for the 20th century nationalist revisionism and pretensions (including the recent 1990s 1744: 1399:

that its Northwestern branches had from the very beginning specific evolutionary contacts with the Slovenian language)". Brozović argued four accentological cores from which dialects emerged, one in which were grouped few Chakavian speeches, while the majority of Chakavian speeches were grouped with Western Shtokavian dialect (Southeastern Chakavian) and part of Southern-Slavonian dialect (Northwestern and Central Chakavian). Today, Chakavian is mostly considered as a separate and unique linguistic system which can be further divided.

1951: 1784:. Croatian dialectologist Petar Šimunović considered that all area until and with Dubrovnik was originally Chakavian. The Dubrovnik area has phonology closer to Southern Chakavian than Eastern Shtokavian. It is possible that some Chakavian idioms were also present in early medieval Montenegro and Albania. However, linguists also point to the fact that it is not possible to draw historical border between Chakavian and Shtokavian, especially Western Shtokavian, with certainty. According to Serbian linguist 1353:

Shtokavian. The latter group can be additionally divided into first (Kajkavian, Chakavian, Western Shtokavian) and second (Eastern Shtokavian, Torlakian). According to isoglosses, and presumed end of existence of the Southwestern Slavic around the 8th-9th century, the formation of the assumed Proto-Chakavian linguistic and territorial unit would be around the 9th-10th century (when it and Proto-Western Shtokavian separated), while of the Chakavian dialect known today between the 12th-16th century.

3094: 1752: 3500:, p. 35, 65:Čakavsko narječje nikada nije bilo posve jedinstveno, odnosno nije moguće pronaći zajedničke jezične inovacije koje bi obuhvaćale sve čakavske govore. I danas postoje vrlo znatne razlike između sjevernočakavskoga (na kvarnerskim otocima i u dijelu Istre) i ostalih čakavskih dijalekata ... Štoviše, čak nije moguće pronaći niti zajedničke inovacije koje bi obuhvatile sve dijalekte čakavskoga narječja, dok općeštokavskih i općekajkavskih inovacija ipak ima. 1406:, some Croatian linguists have a "Chakavian nationalist" desire to prove various speeches as Chakavian which, according to him, is scientifically unsustainable. Josip Silić, for example, argued that Chakavian is not a dialect of Croatian language but a one of three Croatian linguistic systems, a language on its own but without standard, which was met with criticism. At the suggestion of American linguist Kirk Miller in 2019, the Chakavian dialect was recognized by 1341:, in corresponding letters wrote that they belonged to the same Croatian nation, and spoke the same language ("časti našega jezika", "naš jezik") which they named as Croatian or Slavic ("kud jezik harvatski prohodi", "slovinski jezik"). With its name and dialectological or language form, it is mainly a creation advanced by linguists. Today, the term Chakavian is accepted by its speakers and linguists in Croatia, but usually for practical reasons. 1940: 1337:'s analysis of Vinodol codex (1843). No Croatian literary writer used words "čakavac" and "čakavski" to describe their, Croatian, language until the late 19th century, and it is mostly since the 20th century that these terms have been popularized through the education system. Croatian literary authors of what would later be known as Chakavian and Shtokavian idioms, from different parts of Dalmatia and 1357: 5214: 36: 1349:, while their diversification into dialects and languages is mostly political, ethnic and symbolic. From a linguistic point of view, national and other names based on interrogatory pronouns are practical, but also inaccurate as dialect/language definitions; linguists would more precisely replace these with complex isoglosses in the dialect continuum. 2585: 286: 1606:

to appear in the 11th and 12th centuries, and artistic literature in the 15th. There were two zones of Chakavian, northern and southern (both mainly along the Adriatic coast and islands, with centres like Senj, Zadar, Split, Hvar, Korčula). Many of these used Chakavian, and up to the 17th century the texts were written in both

3217:"štokavskim", a sebe "Čakavcima", "Kajkavcima" ni "Štokavcima". Svoj su jezik vrlo često nazivali "hrvatskim", a sebe "Hrvatima" (u raznim fonološkim varijacijama), i to stoljećima prije Hrvatskoga narodnoga preporoda, formiranja moderne hrvatske nacije i kasnijega populariziranja pojmova "štokavski", "kajkavski" i "čakavski". 1602:

Croatian language), such words became more widespread in local speeches in the last few centuries, creating various Chakavian-Italian hybrid words. There also exist significant differences in the lexicon between Northwestern and Southeastern groups of sub-dialects, showing there is no unique Chakavian language system.

1370:

and all other Chakavian sub-dialects, as Northern Chakavian has characteristics common with Slovene and Kajkavian while Southern Chakavian with Western Shtokavian, but also Northern Chakavian has with Shtokavian, and both Northern and Southern Chakavian have with the Kajkavian dialect. Many linguists, including

3216:

Nadalje, do XIX. stoljeća nije bilo naziva "štokavski", "kajkavski" ni "čakavski". Te su klasifikacije de facto uobličene tek u XIX. stoljeću, a obrazovnim sustavom popularizirane tek kasnijih desetljeća. Hrvati čakavci, štokavci i kajkavci svoj jezik nikada nisu nazivali "čakavskim", "kajkavskim" ni

1369:

concludes as well that "the Chakavian dialect was never entirely unique, i.e. it is not possible to find common linguistic innovations that would encompass all Chakavian speeches", "while common-Shokavian and common-Kaikavian innovations do exist". There exist significant differences between Northern

1605:

Comparison of earliest texts in Croatia shows that the Slavic language changed until the 11th century and was not exclusively of Chakavian idiom, and Chakavian features started to be widespread only since 12th-13th century when can be dated formation of Chakavian dialect. Monuments of literacy began

1434:

openly criticized it as an example of ignorance and misunderstanding of the Croatian language as well as history, definition and characteristics of the so-called Chakavian dialect. Vidović relates it to the modern Croatian phenomenon of "linguistic separatism" which argues for finding a solution for

3283:

Autorica dalje ističe da se naziv čakavski u narodu prihvaća tek tijekom XX. stoljeća, a da se do tada mjesni govor nazivao ili hrvatski ili po imenu mjesta kojemu govor pripada, navodeći i primjere hrvatske dijaspore, ali i one iz djela hrvatske književnojezične baštine ... U izboru velikoga broja

1810:

The use of Chakavian varies by the region where it was historically spoken. It is now mostly reduced to Croatia along the eastern Adriatic: Adriatic islands, and sporadically in the mainland coast, with rare inland enclaves up to central Croatia, and minor enclaves in Austria and Montenegro. All of

1791:

During and after the Ottoman invasion and subsequent warfare (15th–19th centuries) on the territory of Croatia, the Chakavian dialect area ("jazik hrvatski") became significantly reduced, and on the Croatian mainland, it has been almost completely replaced by the adjacent Shtokavian dialect. In the

1480:

grouped Chakavian with Shtokavian, but as Shtokavian was perceived as an exclusively Serbian language, the Croats were reduced to merely a toponym (or Chakavian and Shtokavian-speaking "Catholic Serbs"). At the time were also coined terms such as "Slavic-Serbian" and "Serbo-Croatian" language. With

1398:

much closer to Shtokavian than Kajkavian, and initially argued that "Historically speaking, Chakavian is to a considerable extent a peripheral zone of Shtokavian which (in) many respects lagged behind the development of the core, and which parts developed locally limited innovations (with the fact

1344:

In its almost thousand years, Chakavian has undergone many phonetic, morphological, and syntactical changes -- chiefly in the turbulent mainlands, but less in isolated islands. The problem with classifying Chakavian within Western South Slavic stems in part from there being no unanimous opinion on

1601:

the main public and official language in medieval Croatia up to the 16th century. Chakavian literature uses many words of Latin, Dalmatian, and Italian origin due to the millennial long contacts with these languages. When compared different epochs with different status of Chakavian dialect (i.e.

1414:

in 2020. The recognition was mostly met with silence and ignorance in Croatia and by Croatian linguists and scientists (until early 2023 news media reports), partly because it does not affect dialect status of Chakavian nor does it have relevancy in international and national linguistic science.

1463:

from the 10th century). In the beginning of the debate, as Chakavian did not exist yet, Kajkavian was identified with the Croats and Shtokavian with the Serbs (with Shtokavian-speaking Croats considered as "Catholic Serbs"). As soon as theorization about Chakavian began, early Slavists such as

1509:

Due to its archaic nature, early medieval development, and corpus of vernacular literacy, the typical Chakavian dialect has attracted numerous dialectologists who have documented its nuances, so that Chakavian was among the best described Slavic dialects, but its atypical tsakavism was partly

2107:

and others it was mostly divided into two (Northern and Southern, later, Northwestern and Southeastern) or three main varieties (Northwestern, Central, Southeastern), while in the work by Willem Vermeer and Keith Langston there are three main varieties (Northwestern, Central, Southeastern).

1352:

Dialectologists and Slavists maintain that when the separation of Western South Slavic speeches happened, they separated into five divergent groups, more specifically two, one Slovene and second Serbo-Croatian with four divergent groups - Kajkavian, Chakavian, Western Shtokavian and Eastern

1277:

Historically, the classification of Chakavian has been a subject of much debate regarding both the question of how should it be named and whether it ought to be considered a dialect or a language, as well as the question of what its relation is to neighboring vernaculars (Kajkavian, Western

2147:

Obsolete literature commonly refers to Ikavian–Ekavian dialects as "mixed", which is a misleading term because the yat reflexes were governed by Jakubinskij's law. According to Lisac, division per reflex of yat is most reasonable, although even then exist significant sub-level differences.

1457:. At the time the widespread belief was that individual ethnic nation must be historically characterized and identified with a specific language (which was argued pseudo-scientifically according interrogatory pronouns, yat reflex, and various historiographical theories usually related to 2551:

The largest area of tsakavism is in eastern Istria at Labin, Rabac and a dozen nearby villages; minor mainland enclaves are the towns Bakar and Trogir. Atavism is also frequent in Adriatic islands: part of Lošinj and nearby islets, Ist, Baška in Krk, Pag town, the western parts of Brač

1364:

Very few, trivial, isoglosses exist that separate all Chakavian speeches from all other Western South Slavic dialects nor do exist common isoglosses to all Chakavian sub-dialects from which would be possible a deduction of a "Proto-Chakavian" dialect or language (which is possible with

1596:

to emerge from the Church Slavic matrix, both literacy and literature in this dialect abound with numerous texts - from legal and liturgical to literary: lyric and epic poetry, drama, novel in verses, as well as philological works that contain Chakavian vocabulary. Chakavian idiom was

1792:

process the evident dialect continuum was broken as old transitional dialects were lost. Based on 35 letters by Ottoman officers in their native language between the mid-16th and mid-17th century in Dalmatia, almost all of them were Chakavian-Schakavian ikavian. Today, only

1439:

on Chakavian is ignored. Croatian political scientist Viktor Matić considers that the Croatian "linguistic separatism" has antagonism against Croatian standard language but it is also result of previous fetishising of Croatian standard language and Serbo-Croatian language.

1345:

the set of traits a dialect has to possess to be classified as Chakavian (usually argued only as a gradation of "Chakavism"). Its sub-dialects have various differences but also closeness to neighboring Shtokavian and Kajkavian speeches, and all three dialects are part of a

1301:), but also other idioms, Kajkavian and Shtokavian, throughout history were named and understood as Croatian language. Chakavian compared to others is one of the oldest written South Slavic varieties that had made a visible appearance in legal documents—as early as 1275 ( 1481:

new insights by the mid-19th century, Chakavian was considered to be the only and original language of Croats, while Kajkavian was related to the Slovenes, and Shtokavian continued to be related with the Serbs (per Vuk Karadžić etc.). Others however, like

1435:

preserving various Chakavian, Kajkavian and Shtokavian idioms from influence of Croatian standard language, although in Croatia various efforts are already made for their preservation and popularization, and the comparatively much longer influence of the

3003:

A major perpetual program in the Chakavian of Dalmatia is given by the local television stations in Split, Rijeka, and Pula. Other minor half-Chakavian media with temporary Chakavian contents also include the local radio programs in the cities of

3284:

primjera autorica ukazuje na bitno različita rješenja u dvama čakavskim govorima i utvrđuje kako nije moguće govoriti o jedinstvenom čakavskom sustavu na koji se pozivaju oni koji neoprezno pogrješno govore o posebnom čakavskom jeziku.

3356:

Poznato je, naime, da kompletno južnoslavensko područje predstavlja jedan dijasistem ili, kako drugi termin za to isto glasi, kontinuum dijalekata (Hetzer 1993, 33; Friedmann 1999, 8; Alexander 2000, 4; Kristophson 2000,

1819:

languages, which heavily influenced the development of Chakavian. It is estimated that the share of Croatian language speakers who spoke a Chakavian dialect fell from 23% to 12% over the course of the 20th century.

1621:

The Chakavian language by far surpassed the position of a simple vernacular dialect and strongly influenced other Croatian literary dialects, particularly Western Shtokavian: the first Shtokavian texts such as the

5297: 2416:

Besides the usual Chakavian (with typical pronoun "ča"), in some Adriatic islands and in eastern Istria another special variant is also spoken which lacks most palatals, with other parallel deviations called

1763:

formed three dialects; Chakavian, Western Shtokavian and Kajkavian. Initially, the Chakavian dialect covered a much wider area than today: the major part of western-central and southern Croatia southwards of

3656: 5462: 629: 3371:, p. 64:W. Vermeer ne prihvaća ni tradicionalnu podjelu na čakavsko, kajkavsko i štokavsko smatrajući je "teretom" hrvatske dijalektologije i odjekom napuštenih lingvističkih teorija. 1702:, was published in 1946. The novel became a cult among Kvarner and Istrian Croats. At the end of the 1980s in Istria and Kvarner there began a special subgenre of pop-rock music movement 1360:

Schematic presentation of the development of Chakavian, Western Shtokavian and Kajkavian dialects and sub-dialects, according to data by M. Kapović, J. Lisac, I. Lukežić and M. Lončarić.

1043: 3263:"Čakavština: čakavski idiomi i hrvatski jezični identitet (Zbornik radova sa znanstvenoga skupa održanoga 21. rujna 2015. u Splitu, ur. Sanja Vulić, Književni krug Split, 2020.)" 1999:

mentions up to 21, but many of them are not common to all Chakavian sub-dialects and often can be found in non-Chakavian dialects. The following traits were mostly proposed:

1423:

and Mira Menac-Mihalić consider that such recognition won't achieve anything, including its preservation, as Chakavian won't be spoken or studied more than it was until now.

1386:

among others, in their comparative analysis concluded that Chakavian is closely related to Western Shtokavian (particularly those of Schakavian ikavian expression like the

5399: 6902: 3297: 1545:

wrote in 1919 that more than one third of the Chakavian spoken in Istria was loanworded from Neo-Latin (Romance) languages, a percentage similar to the one in the

5843: 5333: 1716:; artists that were part of this scene used the Chakavian dialect in their lyrics, and often fused rock music with traditional Istra-Kvarner music (most notably 1698: 1510:

neglected and less studied. Contemporary dialectologists are particularly interested in it since it has retained the old accentuation system characterized by a

1309:), where the predominantly vernacular Chakavian is recorded, mixed with elements of Church Slavic. However, in both of them it is named as "Croatian language" ( 1661:), the tradition of the Chakavian literary language had declined in the same century, but it has helped shape both Croatian literary language and the standard 5838: 3659:[The news arrived that Chakavian was officially recognized as a language, Dalmatians celebrate, but the linguist "lowers the ball": That choice...]. 1036: 5328: 5170: 1416: 6056: 1800:

are widely spoken in the areas where they are located, as all other Chakavian dialects have greatly lost territory, or were assimilated into Shtokavian.

1991:

There is no unanimous opinion on the set of traits a dialect has to possess to be classified as Chakavian (rather than its admixture with Shtokavian or

1747:

Assumed distribution of Chakavian (blue), Kajkavian (yellow), and Western Shtokavian (green) before 16th century migrations. Modern state borders shown.

57: 44: 4729:"Čakavska akcentuacija u krupnom planu (Review of Zubčić, Sanja. 2017. Neocirkumfleks u čakavskom narječju. Filozofski fakultet u Rijeci. Rijeka.)" 3199: 1649:, is mostly Chakavian in its form. Although in the 18th century was with Kajkavian and Shtokavian one of the basis of Croatian literary centre in 1029: 3601: 6897: 5392: 4810: 4764: 4717: 4612: 4580: 4792: 3795:[Why did the Slavic studies of the 19th century not acknowledge the existence of the Croatian language? Reasons and consequences]. 4672:[Three Dialects from Three Different Dialect Groups as the Most Representative Examples of Migrations in the Croatian Language]. 6987: 3000:

takes place every year in different towns of the Istria and Kvarner regions. Performers perform in local Chakavian dialects exclusively.

6757: 5895: 3132: 1395: 5607: 1760: 1269:, among others, are mostly Chakavian in their form. The term Chakavian and definition of the dialect date from the mid-19th century. 476: 6775: 4655: 3973:"Poziv suradnicima Čakavske riči, svim hrvatskim dijalektolozima i inozemnim slavistima koji se bave istraživanjem čakavskog idioma" 2627: 5715: 555: 485: 2137:(southwestern Istria, islands Brač, Hvar, Vis, Korčula, Pelješac, Dalmatian coast at Zadar and Split, inland Gacka): */ě/ > /i/ 5385: 768: 4712:] (in Croatian). Rijeka: Hrvatska sveučilišna naklada; Filozofski fakultet u Rijeci; Katedra Čakavskoga sabora Grobnišćine. 1665:

in many ways, chiefly in morphology and phonetics, and Chakavian dialectal poetry is still a vital part of Croatian literature.

1549:

of northern coastal Albania. It is also well known for many maritime words and terms missing in the Croatian standard language.

6992: 6130: 6073: 5163: 3107: 828: 298: 5513: 3165: 470: 6049: 4532: 1626:, dated to 1400, exhibit numerous literary Chakavianisms. The early Shtokavian literary and philological output, mainly from 4199: 5091:

S. Zajceva: "Specifična slovenska leksika u savremenim čakavskim govorima". Prilozi proučavanju jezika (3), 1967. 69–110 pp

1743: 5593: 4847:

B. Finka: "Naputak za ispitivanje i obrađivanje čakavskih govora". Hrvatski dijalektološki zbornik 3, Zagreb 1973. 5–76 pp

447: 5741: 5736: 579: 574: 509: 504: 6892: 6022: 5991: 3657:"Stigla vijest da je čakavski službeno priznat kao jezik, Dalmatinci slave, no lingvistica 'spušta balun': Taj izbor..." 1854:

peninsula, and Kvarner littoral and islands; minor coastal enclaves occur sporadically in the Dalmatian mainland around

1623: 1519: 777: 2600: 1281:

Autonyms used throughout history by various Chakavian writers have been straightforward, ranging from mainly Croatian (

6887: 6515: 6082: 5976: 5938: 763: 6922: 6360: 5544: 4883: 3714: 2991:

with a dozen volumes published in Crikvenica, including different texts in the local Chakavian of the Vinodol Valley.

2128:(islands Lošinj, Krk, Rab, Pag, Dugi Otok, Ugljan, mainland Vinodol and Pokupje): */ě/ > /i/ or /e/, according to 7002: 6997: 5472: 5345: 5156: 4007:"Review of "Rječnik bračkih čakavskih govora Petra Šimunovića u najnovijoj hrvatskoj dijalektalnoj leksikografiji"" 3202:[Viktor Matić: Are Chakavian and Kajkavian independent, or are they components of the Croatian language?]. 3057: 2609: 400: 6015: 5534: 5508: 481: 461: 49: 6679: 6042: 5885: 5807: 2996: 1816: 1812: 915: 876: 5692: 5677: 5554: 1469: 6719: 5850: 5549: 5318: 5198: 3631:[Language Differentiation in Croatian Linguistics in the Light of de Saussure's Structuralist Theory]. 1755:

Location map of dialects in Croatia and areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina with Croat majority. Chakavian in blue.

1552:

Many lexicons of local Chakavian varieties have been published. The representative modern work in the field is

1459: 1012: 308: 5672: 5728: 5697: 5498: 566: 496: 6780: 6697: 6625: 6416: 6373: 6089: 5981: 5875: 5797: 5574: 5193: 2641: 1950: 1788:, "the question of where the border of these two dialects was in the Middle Ages is not quite appropriate". 1391: 1257:). Legal and liturgical to literary texts until the 16th century, including literary work by "the father of 1167: 1150: 999: 910: 721: 414: 147: 5503: 5040:

On the Principal Sources for the Study of Čakavian Dialects with Neocircumflex in Adjectives and e-Presents

4546:[Zablude o istočnohercegovačkim govorima kao dijalekatnoj osnovici hrvatskoga književnoga jezika]. 466: 6617: 6550: 6545: 6510: 6469: 6272: 6240: 5996: 5828: 5682: 5644: 5366: 5323: 5203: 5121: 5107: 5081:

S. Vulić (Vranković): "O rječnicima izvornih čakavskih govora". Rječnik i društvo, Zagreb 1993. 383–387 pp

4983:

O istarskim dijalektima: razmještaj južnoslavenskih dijalekata na poluotoku Istri s opisom vodičkog govora

3093: 2937: 2915: 2906: 2897: 2879: 2864: 2860: 2847: 2843: 2832: 2809: 2798: 2776: 2772: 2761: 2746: 2742: 2729: 2725: 2706: 2695: 2686: 2662: 2383: 1773: 1593: 1176: 756: 328: 238: 162: 152: 5539: 4909: 2151:

According to their tonal (accentual) features, Chakavian dialects are divided into the following groups:

1901: 6810: 6764: 6689: 6667: 6582: 6571: 6379: 6351: 6330: 6141: 6096: 5455: 5445: 5339: 5248: 4203: 2892: 2025:

phonological features that yield /a/ for Old Slavic phonemes in characteristic positions: "language" is

532: 4865: 1751: 1557: 1494: 1334: 5687: 4778:[Cha je cha I will tell you - Chakavian dialect from epigraphic inscriptions until Cha-wave]. 1645:", and were written first Croatian novels and poems. Also, the first Croatian dictionary, authored by 6826: 6320: 6290: 6249: 6169: 5928: 5833: 5802: 5654: 5588: 5435: 5135: 3062: 2568: 2366: 2129: 1498: 1454: 1424: 933: 442: 375: 233: 167: 6927: 2595: 1881:

Within the Croatian inland, it is the Gacka valley, and minor enclaves occur in Pokupje valley and

1631: 6836: 6635: 6602: 6503: 6493: 6462: 6262: 6149: 6112: 6101: 5916: 5450: 5292: 5243: 4826: 2827: 2791: 2172: 2104: 2092: 1955: 1944: 1642: 1607: 1511: 1383: 1371: 1302: 1258: 1215: 994: 957: 928: 797: 749: 697: 527: 198: 105: 3629:"Razlikovanje jezika u hrvatskom jezikoslovlju u svjetlu de Saussureove strukturalističke teorije" 3413: 2096: 1646: 1375: 1266: 6498: 6435: 6410: 6257: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6178: 5933: 5921: 5911: 5890: 5707: 5649: 5639: 4854: 4544:"Zablude o istočnohercegovačkim govorima kao dijalekatnoj osnovici hrvatskoga književnoga jezika" 4118: 3793:"Zašto slavistika 19. stoljeća nije priznavala postojanje hrvatskoga jezika? Uzroci i posljedice" 3661: 2657: 2322: 2220: 1793: 1668:

In the Croatian and world literature, it remerged in the 20th century thanks to early writing of

1534: 1338: 923: 836: 782: 729: 716: 710: 548: 228: 218: 6912: 4744: 1477: 1465: 1366: 6947: 6937: 6798: 6714: 6652: 6555: 6537: 6520: 6477: 6451: 6397: 6392: 6315: 6280: 6199: 6122: 5880: 5634: 5599: 5520: 5430: 5179: 4806: 4760: 4713: 4651: 4608: 4576: 4528: 3719: 2720: 2669: 2256: 1992: 1844: 1717: 1662: 1538: 1526: 1420: 1407: 1387: 1346: 1250: 1211: 1199: 1187: 1142: 792: 657: 453: 428: 370: 223: 3200:"Viktor Matić: Jesu li čakavski i kajkavski samosvojni, ili su sastavnice hrvatskoga jezika?" 2564: 2036:/j/ as in Slovene and Kajkavian where Shtokavian has /dʑ/ ⟨đ⟩: Chakavian, Slovene, Kajkavian 1453:

The earliest theorization about Chakavian originates in the 19th century nation-building and

6932: 6868: 6672: 6386: 6337: 6325: 6310: 6189: 6184: 6065: 5986: 5812: 5580: 5526: 5440: 5425: 5350: 5269: 4841: 4108: 2652: 2298: 1725: 1703: 1638: 1611: 1530: 1436: 1429: 1322: 1262: 1207: 1121: 1104: 1066: 983: 967: 938: 650: 643: 434: 420: 386: 381: 365: 290:

Chakavian and transitional dialects, according to data from M. Kapović, J. Lisac, I. Lukežić

157: 2965:(Chakavian Word), with 50 annual volumes, published from 1971 by the Literary Association ( 6750: 6709: 6702: 6456: 6446: 6421: 6404: 6194: 6162: 6117: 6107: 5855: 5274: 4756: 4604: 2930: 2681: 2674: 2290: 1561: 1203: 962: 693: 139: 6952: 5961: 4890: 4878:: "Prilog karakterizaciji pojedinih grupa čakavskih govora". HDZ 5, Zagreb 1981. 67–91 pp 4590: 4048: 3826:[Karadžić's views on the Croatian language as related to slavistic conceptions]. 2980:

with dozen volumes partly in Chakavian of Burgenland Croats, published since 1994 by the

2047:

historic /m/ shifted to /n/ at the end of words, unlike in Shtokavian: standard Croatian

1581: 1403: 3869:[Jernej Kopitar as a strategist of Karadžić's reform of the literary language]. 6967: 6942: 6735: 6657: 6647: 6590: 6368: 6305: 6208: 5966: 5943: 5566: 5490: 5417: 5408: 5102: 4670:"Tri dijalekta triju narječja kao najizrazitiji primjeri migracija u hrvatskome jeziku" 4207: 2970: 2297:, exhibiting many shared features with Ugljan's otherwise Central Chakavian dialects), 1681: 1673: 1615: 1542: 1482: 1473: 662: 348: 4097:"Pregršt novih priloga o čakavskim idiomima i hrvatskome jezičnom identitetu (Review)" 276: 6981: 6917: 6907: 6607: 6483: 6228: 6154: 5629: 5264: 4875: 4122: 3957: 2199: 2171:

Using a combination of accentual and phonological criteria, Croatian dialectologists

2100: 1913: 1897: 1797: 1785: 1685: 1669: 1546: 1486: 1379: 1306: 213: 2532:

Vocative is mostly lacking and replaced by a nominative in appellating construction.

2375: 2091:

The Chakavian dialect is divided along several criteria. In the older literature of

6525: 6299: 5971: 5721: 3005: 2522: 2378:

oasis") part of Istria; transitional Southern Chakavian-Western Shtokavian dialect

2354: 2286: 2282: 1939: 1863: 1179: 841: 561: 491: 1356: 4918: 4776:"Ča je ča reći ću van ja – čakavsko narječje od epigrafskih spomenika do ča-vala" 4689:[A contribution to the treatise of the beginnings of Croatian dialects]. 4575:: Hrvatski studiji Sveučilišta u Zagrebu – Ogranak Matice hrvatske u Dubrovniku. 1580:(2009), various works by Iva Lukežić, Sanja Zubčić, Silvana Vranić, Sanja Vulić, 17: 6854: 6841: 4665: 4639: 4002: 3761:[Vojislav Šešelj's Greater-Serbian discourse on early medieval Croats]. 3298:"Dubrovačka književnost ni u kojem smislu nije sastavni dio srpske književnosti" 2334: 2176: 1996: 1923: 1919: 1882: 1867: 1804: 1677: 1573: 1556:, vol. 1.-3, Koeln-Vienna, 1979–1983, edited by Croatian linguists Mate Hraste, 1490: 4895:Čakavsko i kajkavsko u donjosutlanskoj akcentuaciji (na primjeru govora Drinja) 6791: 6770: 6662: 6011: 5481: 5228: 5213: 4850: 3086: 2560: 2403: 2346: 2330: 1909: 1905: 1871: 1769: 1246: 734: 407: 5043:. Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics (Vol. 2), BRILL, 1982. 279–340 pp 4910:

Cakavian Prosody: The Accentual Patterns of the Cakavian Dialects of Croatian

3081: 1570:

Cakavian Prosody: The Accentual Patterns of the Cakavian Dialects of Croatian

1489:). The terms of Chakavian and Shtokavian dialect were introduced to Croatian 6816: 6642: 5765: 5664: 5238: 4887:. Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1998. 608 pp 4572: 4520: 3918:, p. 130–131, 138, 149, 152–153, 161, 168, 185, 187, 194, 212–213, 269. 2314: 2266: 1927: 1781: 1780:, while substratum of Chakavian in Dalmatia possibly existed all the way to 1654: 1627: 1242: 860: 608: 542: 269: 253: 2310: 2274: 1241:, and until the modern age was simply known and understood, along with the 35: 5377: 5130: 1730: 1708: 1518:) and the old position of stress, and also numerous Proto-Slavic and some 260: 6861: 6785: 6743: 2483: 2350: 2294: 2233: 2087:

some subdialects on island of Pag have kept the archaic form of imperfect

1886: 1231: 1227: 1191: 316: 304: 101: 5039: 4927:

Lične zamjenice u čakavskom narječju (sinkronijski i dijakronijski uvid)

4053:"Review of "Josip Lisac: Hrvatska dijalektologija 2. Čakavsko narječje"" 3759:"Velikosrpski diskurs Vojislava Šešelja o ranosrednjovjekovnim Hrvatima" 3717:[Croatian paradox: Chakavian became a separate world language]. 3036:

Ca je, je, tako je vajka bilo, ca će bit, će bit, ma nekokor će već bit!

6848: 6804: 5770: 5760: 3028:Ča je, je, tako je vavik bilo, ča će bit, će bit, ma nekako će već bit! 2395: 2391: 2338: 2270: 2161:

dialects with four tonic accents similar to that of Shtokavian dialects

1875: 1859: 1840: 1832: 1721: 1658: 1238: 1223: 1219: 978: 613: 603: 312: 97: 5017: 4926: 4669: 4113: 3972: 3758: 3346:[Demagogy instead of science (response to Dalibor Brozović)]. 3262: 1827:

The majority of Adriatic islands, except for the easternmost islands (

285: 6595: 4834: 4568: 4052: 3009: 2399: 2306: 2302: 2245: 2241: 1893: 1851: 1693: 1195: 1183: 120: 109: 5148: 3684: 6034: 5143: 5116: 5071:. Filozofski fakultet u Rijeci, Odsjek za kroatistiku, 2005. 376 pp 5018:

Fonološke karakteristike čakavskih kopnenih govora zadarske okolice

4829:: "O čakavskoj osnovnoj akcentuaciji". Glas SAN (168) 1935. 1–39 pp 2122:(northeastern Istria, Rijeka and Bakar, Cres island): */ě/ > /e/ 5062:

Govori sjeverozapadnoga makrosustava na otoku Pagu, 2. morfologija

2553: 2358: 2237: 2229: 2212: 1949: 1938: 1855: 1828: 1777: 1750: 1742: 1650: 1355: 5055:

Govori sjeverozapadnoga makrosustava na otoku Pagu, 1. fonologija

3867:"Jernej Kopitar kao strateg Karadžićeve književnojezične reforme" 3824:"Karadžićeva gledišta o hrvatskome jeziku u slavističkom okružju" 2556:), Hvar town, and the entire island of Vis with adjacent islets. 1676:, and the most prominent representatives in the 20th century are 630:

Comparison of standard Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian

4969:

Rječnik kolanjskoga govora ili Ričnik mista Kolana na otoku Pagu

4703: 4594: 3343: 2342: 2249: 1836: 1765: 6038: 5381: 5152: 4894: 4858: 4775: 4728: 4686: 4650:] (in Croatian). Zagreb: Golden Marketing-Tehnička knjiga. 4543: 4525:

The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics

4096: 3823: 3792: 3628: 2022:

old accentuation and 3 accents (mostly in ultima or penultima);

1237:

Chakavian represents the basis for early literary standards in

5752: 4623: 4006: 3866: 3417: 3013: 2578: 2278: 2189: 2143:(Lastovo island, Janjina on Pelješac): */ě/ > /je/ or /ije/ 2112: 29: 1107: 1081: 1069: 3715:"Hrvatski paradoks: Čakavica postala zaseban svjetski jezik" 1394:). Ivić for example concluded that the Chakavian dialect is 4936:. Katedra Čakavskog sabora Grobnišćine, Rijeka 2007. 769 pp 2425:

palatal "č" is replaced by the sibilant "ts" (c): pronouns

1110: 1090: 1087: 5020:". Rasprave (46), 10.31724/rihjj.46.1.15, 2020. 373–405 pp 4565:

The name "Croat" in the ethnogenesis of the southern Slavs

4170: 4168: 4143: 4141: 4139: 3508: 3506: 3445: 3443: 3344:"Demagogija umjesto znanosti (odgovor Daliboru Brozoviću)" 3313: 3311: 3168:[The fatality of Croatian linguistic separatism]. 1776:, including all the Eastern Adriatic islands northwest of 315:

characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see

5027:, Riječko književno i naučno društvo, Rijeka 1977. 240 pp 5013:, Golden marketing - Tehnička knjiga, Zagreb 2011. 453 pp 3954:

Le parlate italiane della Venezia Giulia e della Dalmazia

2640:

The basic phonology of Chakavian, with representation in

2155:

dialects with the "classical" Chakavian three-tone system

1317:) is first recorded in 1728 in the Ardelio Della Bella's 1130: 1072: 5086:Čakavština: Čakavski idiomi i hrvatski jezični identitet 4333: 4331: 3583: 3581: 2167:

dialects mixing traits of the first and the second group

1525:

Another feature of Chakavian is the strong influence of

5078:. Ogranak Matice hrvatske u Novalji, FFRI, 2016. 896 pp 4412: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4258: 4256: 4254: 3740: 3738: 2293:(except the southernmost Southern Chakavian village of 5808:

Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (or Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet)

5025:

Rječnik čakavskih izraza - područje Bakarca i Škrljeva

4463: 4461: 4241: 4239: 4237: 3391: 3389: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3225: 1634:, was essentially a mixed Shtokavian–Chakavian idiom. 5064:. Matica hrvatska Ogranak Novalja, FFRI, 2011. 235 pp 4884:

The Čakavian Dialect of Orbanići near Žminj in Istria

4805:(in Croatian). Rijeka: Filozofski fakultet u Rijeci. 4705:

Zajednička povijest hrvatskih narječja, 1. Fonologija

4626:[Were Southern Croatian Moslems Chakavian?]. 2563:

in Polish, where it is present in many dialects, and

2535:

Auxiliary particles are always before the main verb:

2111:

According to the reflex of the Common Slavic phoneme

1566:

The Čakavian Dialect of Orbanići near Žminj in Istria

1127: 1093: 1078: 4872:, Band I-III, Köln-Wien, 1979 - 1983. 354-253-620 pp 3602:"Mjesto standardologije u jezikoslovnoj kroatistici" 1918:

Among recent emigrants in North America (chiefly in

1133: 1084: 6878: 6825: 6734: 6688: 6616: 6581: 6570: 6536: 6434: 6359: 6350: 6289: 6271: 6248: 6239: 6140: 6072: 5954: 5904: 5868: 5821: 5790: 5783: 5750: 5706: 5663: 5620: 5565: 5489: 5480: 5471: 5416: 5359: 5309: 5283: 5257: 5221: 5186: 5034:. Čakavski sabor i Adamić, Cres-Lošinj 2003. 579 pp 1410:as a living language with its own ISO 639-3 code – 1124: 1075: 267: 251: 246: 207: 189: 136: 126: 116: 93: 79: 2215:; transitional Northern Chakavian-Slovene dialect 5535:Zeta–Raška (or Zeta–South Sandžak or Zeta–Lovćen) 4957:. Adamić, Rijeka – Opatija – Matulji 2001. 405 pp 4710:Common history of Croatian dialects: 1. Phonology 1904:in Slovenia, refugees from the Ottoman Empire in 4955:Rječnik čakavskog govora Rukavca i bliže okolice 4731:[A Close-Up on Chakavian Accentuation]. 2179:(2009) divide Chakavian into six (sub)dialects: 4844:: "Čakavsko narječje". ČR (1) 1, 1971. 11–71 pp 4624:"Jesu li južnohrvatski muslimani bili čakavci?" 3042: 3034: 3026: 5334:Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics 5069:Čakavski ekavski dijalekt: sustav i podsustavi 4922:. Izdavački centar Rijeka, Rijeka 1996. 164 pp 4838:, volume 1-50, Književni krug Split, 1971–2022 4753:Comparative and historical grammar of Croatian 4749:Poredbenopovijesna gramatika hrvatskoga jezika 3786: 3784: 1772:, bordering with the western and southwestern 1529:in its lexicon and phonology (especially from 1265:and the first Croatian dictionary authored by 1161: 1155: 85: 6050: 5393: 5164: 4687:"Prilog raspravi o genezi hrvatskih narječja" 4644:Hrvatska Dijalektologija 2. Čakavsko narječje 3708: 3706: 3704: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3250: 2515:(= ue) exists in addition to the usual short 1699:Tight Country: A Novel from Istrian Folk Life 1578:Hrvatska Dijalektologija 2. Čakavsko narječje 1037: 8: 4090: 4088: 4086: 1943:Chakavian dialects in Croatia, according to 1321:and in the beginning of the 19th century in 5329:Council for Standard Croatian Language Norm 4601:History of Croatian Accentuation. Phonetics 3166:"Pogubnost hrvatskoga jezičnog separatizma" 2228:Northeastern Istria, Central Istria around 2059:("village" - Instrumental case), Chakavian 6578: 6356: 6245: 6057: 6043: 6035: 5787: 5486: 5477: 5400: 5386: 5378: 5171: 5157: 5149: 4919:Trsatsko-bakarska i crikvenička čakavština 4648:Croatian Dialectology 2: Chakavian dialect 4491: 3420:[Early development of Kajkavian]. 2317:, part of Central and Northeastern Istria 2164:dialects with four-tonic Shtokavian system 1637:The most famous early Chakavian author is 1230:as well as few municipalities in southern 1044: 1030: 896: 817: 687: 341: 324: 284: 76: 4228: 4174: 4147: 4112: 3939: 3915: 3512: 3497: 3473: 3380: 2628:Learn how and when to remove this message 1823:Areas where Chakavian is spoken include: 4992:. Libar Publishing, Toronto 1997. 607 pp 4596:Povijest hrvatske akcentuacije. Fonetika 3159: 3157: 3155: 3153: 2646: 2181: 2074:in conditional occur specific prefixes: 1759:In the Middle Ages, on the territory of 1688:. In 1938, Balota's collection of poems 1210:or Littoral Croatia), as well as by the 60:of all important aspects of the article. 5737:Svrljig–Zaplanje (or Western Torlakian) 5057:. Matica hrvatska Novalja, 2002. 146 pp 4943:. Gradska knjižnica Zadar, 2005. 540 pp 4561:Ime "Hrvat" u etnogenezi južnih Slavena 4428: 4416: 4397: 4385: 4349: 4337: 4310: 4298: 4286: 4262: 4186: 4159: 4077: 3891: 3852: 3744: 3600:Mićanović, Krešimir (18 October 2009). 3587: 3524: 3485: 3461: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3395: 3329: 3317: 3241: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3074: 1365:Proto-Kajkavian and Proto-Shtokavian). 327: 309:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 6898:Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony 5575:Younger Ikavian (or Bosnian–Dalmatian) 4985:. Josip Turčinović, Pazin 2002. 278 pp 4904:. Čakavski sabor, Otočac 2003. 1190 pp 4479: 4373: 3572: 3560: 3548: 3449: 3368: 2559:The first two features are similar to 56:Please consider expanding the lead to 4999:. Mouton, Hague - Paris, 1973. 505 pp 4978:. Matica hrvatska, Zadar 2002. 355 pp 4971:. Matica hrvatska, Zadar 2005. 651 pp 4964:. Školska knjiga, Zagreb 1977. 103 pp 4503: 4467: 4452: 4440: 4361: 4322: 4274: 4245: 4035: 3927: 3903: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3536: 3047:(vicinity of Labin in eastern Istria) 3039:(vicinity of Labin in eastern Istria) 1870:peninsula. It has almost vanished in 1641:in 15th-16th century, the "father of 1417:Red Book list on endangered languages 1166: 1149: 206: 27:South Slavic supradialect or language 7: 5742:Timok–Lužnica (or Eastern Torlakian) 5088:. Književni krug Split, 2020. 127 pp 5076:Rječnik govora Novalje na otoku Pagu 5050:. Čakavski sabor, Split 1978. 195 pp 3713:Rogošić, Željko (11 February 2023). 3164:Domagoj, Vidović (31 January 2023). 2984:in Gutterbach (Burgenland, Austria). 1311:jazikom harvaskim/hrvatski/hervatski 1278:Shtokavian and Eastern Shtokavian). 4913:. Bloomington: Slavica 2006. 314 pp 4794:Neocirkumfleks u čakavskom narječju 2084:contracted or lacking aorist tense; 1319:Dizionario italiano-latino-illirico 5896:Declaration on the Common Language 1843:, and the area around the city of 1202:and parts of coastal and southern 25: 5006:, Brevijar, Supetar 2006. 1210 pp 4929:". Rasprave (26), 2000. 99–128 pp 3873:(in Croatian) (53): 5, 23, 32, 39 3198:Matić, Viktor (1 February 2023). 3044:Do Boh da bi strela vo te hitila! 2493:instead of simple vowels: o > 1811:those areas were in contact with 1541:). Furthermore, Italian linguist 1206:(now collectively referred to as 1186:along the Adriatic coast, in the 5521:Slavonian (or Eastern Slavonian) 5463:Comparison of literary languages 5212: 5004:Rječnik bračkih čakavskih govora 3655:Šarac, Damir (2 February 2023). 3092: 2583: 2374:Southwestern and Northeastern (" 2115:*/ě/, there are four varieties: 1954:Chakavian dialect in Istria, by 1653:(led by Croatian noble families 1327:Lexicon latino–italico–illyricum 1120: 1103: 1065: 34: 4861:". HDZ 1, Zagreb 1956. 5–213 pp 4674:Hrvatski dijalektološki zbornik 2529:(rarely adjective nor genitive) 2452:(zh) are replaced by sibilants 2158:dialects with two tonic accents 829:Transitional Bulgarian dialects 48:may be too short to adequately 6758:Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin 5144:Dictionary of Istrian dialects 4962:Čakavsko narječje - fonologija 3608:. Zagrebačka slavistička škola 1592:Since Chakavian was the first 58:provide an accessible overview 1: 5594:Eastern Herzegovinian dialect 4799:Neocircumflex in the Čakavian 4755:] (in Croatian). Zagreb: 4603:] (in Croatian). Zagreb: 4101:Croatica et Slavica Iadertina 3960:: Tipografia italo-orientale. 2525:is often noted by possessive 1908:(eastern Austria) and around 1522:archaisms in its vocabulary. 6893:Slavic second palatalization 6023:Northern Macedonian dialects 6021:also considered part of the 6010:also considered part of the 5992:Vatican Croatian Prayer Book 4934:Grobnički govor XX. stoljeća 4527:. Cornell University Press. 3894:, p. 124–126, 132, 236. 2994:The annual singing festival 2928: 2890: 2825: 2789: 2718: 2679: 2029:(or zajik) in Chakavian and 1835:), the easternmost areas of 1624:Vatican Croatian Prayer Book 1313:). The term Chakavian (noun 1234:on the border with Croatia. 1173:čokovski, čakavski, čekavski 824:Serbian–Bulgarian–Macedonian 6888:Slavic first palatalization 5131:"Čakavsko narječje u Istri" 5023:Z. Turina, A. Šepić-Tomin: 4948:Ričnik velovaroškega Splita 4897:". HDZ 15, 2009. 195–209 pp 4870:Čakavisch-deutsches Lexikon 4727:Marinković, Marina (2018). 4364:, p. 127–130, 149–150. 4059:(in Croatian) (55): 155–158 3418:"Rani razvitak kajkavštine" 2603:. The specific problem is: 2474:are replaced by the simple 1588:Chakavian literary language 1564:; Janne Kalsbeek's work on 1554:Čakavisch-deutsches Lexikon 1249:idioms in Croatia, as the " 7019: 6988:Dialects of Serbo-Croatian 5084:S. Vulić Vranković (ed.): 4976:Rječnik rivanjskoga govora 3058:Dialects of Serbo-Croatian 2599:to meet Knowledge (XXG)'s 2460:(or transitive sj and zj). 1986: Southwestern Istrian 6961: 6680:Slavic dialects of Greece 6005: 5886:Vienna Literary Agreement 5210: 5032:Besedar Bejske Tramuntane 4774:Vidović, Domagoj (2018). 3342:Kordić, Snježana (2003). 3031:(mainland half-Chakavian) 2997:Melodije Istre i Kvarnera 2003:interrogatory pronoun is 1900:in Montenegro, the mixed 1885:hills, northwards around 1568:(1998); Keith Langston's 1501:in the mid-19th century. 877:Slavic dialects of Greece 295: 283: 84: 5319:Croatian National Corpus 4953:F. Maričin-Mohorovičić: 4941:Rječnik govora otoka Iža 4832:J. Božanić (ed.), etc.: 4622:Kužić, Krešimir (2006). 3952:Bartoli, Matteo (1919). 3627:Ivašković, Igor (2020). 3261:Bogović, Lidija (2020). 2961:The biannual periodical 2644:and IPA, is as follows: 2188:Reflex of Common Slavic 2076:bin-, biš-, bimo-, bite- 1980: Southern Chakavian 1962: Northern Chakavian 1696:, while his only novel, 1460:De Administrando Imperio 1013:Banat Bulgarian alphabet 5545:Bjelopavlići–Vasojevići 5074:S. Vranić, I. Oštarić: 4932:I. Lukežić, S. Zubčić: 4902:Ričnik gacke čakavšćine 4559:Grčević, Mario (2019). 4542:Grčević, Mario (1998). 3971:Joško, Božanić (2020). 3865:Grčević, Mario (2009). 3855:, p. 44–45, 49–52. 3822:Grčević, Mario (1997). 3791:Grčević, Mario (1997). 3551:, p. 46–48, 56–62. 3464:, p. 226–227, 235. 3296:Grčević, Mario (2013). 3137:Hrvatski jezični portal 3112:Hrvatski jezični portal 3043: 3035: 3027: 2211:Northern Istria around 1974: Central Chakavian 1392:Younger Ikavian dialect 6993:South Slavic languages 5997:Yugoslav Sign Language 5929:Montenegrin literature 5645:Southeastern Chakavian 5367:Croatian Sign Language 5324:Croatian Language Days 5122:Proleksis Encyclopedia 5108:Croatian Encyclopaedia 4950:. Denona, Zagreb 2004. 4946:B. Matoković-Dobrila: 4791:Zubčić, Sanja (2017). 3757:Matić, Viktor (2022). 2987:The annual periodical 2976:The annual periodical 2384:Southeastern Chakavian 2361:, Northwestern Istria 2011:(on some islands also 1988: 1947: 1912:, and a substratum in 1774:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1756: 1748: 1361: 1182:or language spoken by 1168:[tʃakǎːʋʃtina] 1162: 1156: 1146: 329:South Slavic languages 297:This article contains 239:Southeastern Chakavian 86: 6811:Taimyr Pidgin Russian 6016:Prizren–Timok dialect 5340:Croatian Encyclopedia 4702:Lukežić, Iva (2012). 4685:Lukežić, Iva (1996). 4204:Croatian Encyclopedia 4095:Nežić, Ivana (2020). 3332:, p. 9, 63, 621. 2982:Pannonisches Institut 2412:Non-palatal tsakavism 1953: 1942: 1754: 1746: 1378:, Zvonimir Junković, 1359: 1151:[tʃǎːkaʋskiː] 814:Transitional dialects 448:Eastern Herzegovinian 5803:Montenegrin alphabet 5798:Gaj's Latin alphabet 5716:Prizren–South Morava 5655:Southwestern Istrian 5136:Istrian Encyclopedia 4990:Libar Viškiga jazika 4482:, p. 45, 56–64. 3527:, p. 10, 64–66. 3063:Anti-Croat sentiment 2978:Pannonische Jahrbuch 2642:Gaj's Latin alphabet 2610:improve this article 2569:Old Novgorod dialect 2367:Southwestern Istrian 1594:South Slavic dialect 1560:and German linguist 1455:romantic nationalism 872:Bulgarian–Macedonian 684:Eastern South Slavic 556:Prizren–South Morava 486:Prizren–South Morava 338:Western South Slavic 234:Southwestern Istrian 168:Western South Slavic 6837:Pan-Slavic language 6636:Burgenland Croatian 6516:Marcho-Magdeburgian 6113:Old Church Slavonic 5977:Serbian manuscripts 5917:Croatian literature 5451:Burgenland Croatian 5244:Burgenland Croatian 5139:(in Croatian), 2005 5125:(in Croatian), 2015 5117:"Čakavsko narječje" 5111:(in Croatian), 2021 5103:"Čakavsko narječje" 4988:A. Roki-Fortunato: 4376:, pp. 145–154. 3348:Književna republika 2567:, occurring in the 2260:(Middle Chakavian) 1968: Buzet dialect 1892:A minor enclave of 1643:Croatian literature 1520:Proto-Indo-European 1514:new rising accent ( 1470:Pavel Jozef Šafárik 1329:, while adjective ( 1303:Istrian land survey 1259:Croatian literature 1216:Burgenland Croatian 929:Macedonian Cyrillic 798:Standard Macedonian 199:Burgenland Croatian 6923:Illič-Svityč's law 6903:Monophthongization 6411:Camaldolese Slovak 6224:Canadian Ukrainian 6090:Up to Proto-Slavic 6083:Proto-Balto-Slavic 5934:Serbian literature 5912:Bosnian literature 5891:Novi Sad Agreement 5693:Turopolje–Posavina 5678:Križevci–Podravina 5650:Southern Chakavian 5640:Northern Chakavian 5608:Šumadija–Vojvodina 5555:Sjenica–Novi Pazar 5418:Literary languages 4325:, p. 123–124. 3942:, p. 309–311. 3662:Slobodna Dalmacija 2989:Vinodolski zbornik 2323:Southern Chakavian 2221:Northern Chakavian 1989: 1948: 1794:Northern Chakavian 1757: 1749: 1630:(1500–1600) up to 1362: 1188:historical regions 924:Bulgarian Cyrillic 856:Croatian–Slovenian 477:Šumadija–Vojvodina 361:Standard languages 229:Southern Chakavian 219:Northern Chakavian 132:80,000 (2019) 7003:Croatian dialects 6998:Croatian language 6975: 6974: 6968:extinct languages 6799:Solombala English 6730: 6729: 6653:Prekmurje Slovene 6566: 6565: 6346: 6345: 6200:Doukhobor Russian 6123:Glagolitic script 6032: 6031: 5881:Illyrian movement 5876:Illyrian language 5864: 5863: 5779: 5778: 5635:Central Chakavian 5616: 5615: 5550:Ozrinići–Broćanac 5375: 5374: 5346:Linguistic purism 5180:Croatian language 4859:Govor otoka Suska 4812:978-953-7975-50-0 4766:978-953-150-840-7 4719:978-953-169-235-9 4614:978-953-150-971-8 4582:978-953-7823-86-3 4388:, p. 43, 45. 4114:10.15291/csi.3262 3685:"ckm | ISO 639-3" 3090:(24th ed., 2021) 2953: 2952: 2638: 2637: 2630: 2601:quality standards 2592:This article may 2409: 2408: 2257:Central Chakavian 2130:Jakubinskij's law 1768:and westwards of 1692:was published in 1663:Croatian language 1527:Romance languages 1499:Vjekoslav Babukić 1408:SIL International 1388:Slavonian dialect 1347:dialect continuum 1251:Croatian language 1226:and southwestern 1212:Burgenland Croats 1200:Croatian Littoral 1054: 1053: 1019: 1018: 884: 883: 805: 804: 793:Spoken Macedonian 675: 674: 658:Prekmurje Slovene 323: 322: 305:rendering support 301:phonetic symbols. 224:Central Chakavian 75: 74: 18:Chakavian dialect 16:(Redirected from 7010: 6869:Slavonic-Serbian 6720:Cieszyn Silesian 6591:Carpathian Rusyn 6579: 6357: 6246: 6131:Modern languages 6066:Slavic languages 6059: 6052: 6045: 6036: 6014:dialect (as the 5987:Slavonic-Serbian 5856:Relative clauses 5813:Yugoslav Braille 5788: 5731: 5724: 5602: 5583: 5529: 5487: 5478: 5402: 5395: 5388: 5379: 5265:Patronymic names 5216: 5173: 5166: 5159: 5150: 5140: 5126: 5112: 5048:Čakavske studije 5011:Čakavska čitanka 4997:Čakavian Studies 4857:, P. Guberina: " 4816: 4804: 4787: 4770: 4745:Matasović, Ranko 4740: 4723: 4698: 4681: 4661: 4635: 4618: 4586: 4555: 4538: 4507: 4506:, p. 30–31. 4501: 4495: 4489: 4483: 4477: 4471: 4465: 4456: 4450: 4444: 4438: 4432: 4426: 4420: 4414: 4401: 4400:, p. 43–45. 4395: 4389: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4365: 4359: 4353: 4347: 4341: 4335: 4326: 4320: 4314: 4313:, p. 44–45. 4308: 4302: 4296: 4290: 4289:, p. 66–67. 4284: 4278: 4272: 4266: 4260: 4249: 4243: 4232: 4226: 4220: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4210:on 21 March 2021 4206:. Archived from 4200:"Mirković, Mijo" 4196: 4190: 4184: 4178: 4172: 4163: 4157: 4151: 4145: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4116: 4092: 4081: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4045: 4039: 4038:, p. 31–33. 4033: 4027: 4026: 4024: 4022: 3999: 3993: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3968: 3962: 3961: 3949: 3943: 3937: 3931: 3925: 3919: 3913: 3907: 3906:, p. 18–29. 3901: 3895: 3889: 3883: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3862: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3819: 3813: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3788: 3779: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3754: 3748: 3742: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3710: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3695: 3689:iso639-3.sil.org 3681: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3652: 3641: 3640: 3624: 3618: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3606:hrvatskiplus.org 3597: 3591: 3585: 3576: 3570: 3564: 3563:, p. 56–59. 3558: 3552: 3546: 3540: 3534: 3528: 3522: 3516: 3510: 3501: 3495: 3489: 3483: 3477: 3476:, p. 65–66. 3471: 3465: 3459: 3453: 3452:, p. 63–64. 3447: 3438: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3410: 3399: 3393: 3384: 3378: 3372: 3366: 3360: 3359: 3339: 3333: 3327: 3321: 3320:, p. 9, 63. 3315: 3306: 3305: 3293: 3287: 3286: 3280: 3278: 3258: 3245: 3239: 3220: 3219: 3213: 3211: 3195: 3182: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3161: 3148: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3129: 3123: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3104: 3098: 3097: 3096: 3079: 3046: 3038: 3030: 2939: 2917: 2908: 2899: 2881: 2866: 2862: 2849: 2845: 2834: 2811: 2800: 2778: 2774: 2763: 2748: 2744: 2731: 2727: 2708: 2697: 2688: 2647: 2633: 2626: 2622: 2619: 2613: 2587: 2586: 2579: 2402:on the south of 2263:Ikavian–Ekavian 2204:Ekavian (closed 2182: 2173:Dalibor Brozović 2105:Dalibor Brozović 2093:Aleksandar Belić 1985: 1979: 1973: 1967: 1961: 1902:Čičarija dialect 1761:medieval Croatia 1734: 1712: 1672:, Marko Uvodić, 1612:Bosnian Cyrillic 1449:Early modern age 1437:Italian language 1433: 1384:Dalibor Brozović 1372:Aleksandar Belić 1297:) and Illyrian ( 1218:in southeastern 1208:Adriatic Croatia 1170: 1165: 1159: 1153: 1140: 1139: 1136: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1117: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1109: 1100: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1046: 1039: 1032: 984:Bosnian Cyrillic 916:Serbian Cyrillic 897: 818: 688: 632: 575:Svrljig–Zaplanje 505:Svrljig–Zaplanje 387:Slavonic-Serbian 342: 325: 288: 279: 263: 256: 142: 89: 77: 70: 67: 61: 38: 30: 21: 7018: 7017: 7013: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7008: 7007: 6978: 6977: 6976: 6971: 6957: 6880: 6874: 6828: 6821: 6751:Bohemian Romani 6736:Mixed languages 6726: 6703:Pannonian Rusyn 6684: 6626:Banat Bulgarian 6612: 6574: 6562: 6532: 6430: 6422:Pannonian Rusyn 6342: 6285: 6267: 6235: 6195:Alaskan Russian 6170:Old Novgorodian 6163:Old East Slavic 6136: 6118:Cyrillic script 6108:Church Slavonic 6068: 6063: 6033: 6028: 6027: 6001: 5950: 5900: 5860: 5817: 5775: 5746: 5729:Janjevo–Letnica 5727: 5720: 5702: 5698:Zagor–Međimurje 5659: 5612: 5598: 5579: 5561: 5525: 5514:Smederevo–Vršac 5499:Eastern Bosnian 5467: 5456:Molise Croatian 5412: 5406: 5376: 5371: 5355: 5311: 5305: 5285: 5279: 5270:List of exonyms 5253: 5249:Molise Croatian 5217: 5208: 5182: 5177: 5129: 5115: 5101: 5098: 4995:H. Steinhauer: 4939:Ž. Martinović: 4900:M. Kranjčević: 4823: 4821:Further reading 4813: 4802: 4790: 4782:(in Croatian). 4773: 4767: 4757:Matica hrvatska 4743: 4735:(in Croatian). 4726: 4720: 4701: 4697:(1–2): 223–236. 4693:(in Croatian). 4684: 4676:(in Croatian). 4664: 4658: 4638: 4634:(1–2): 121–150. 4630:(in Croatian). 4621: 4615: 4605:Matica hrvatska 4589: 4583: 4558: 4550:(in Croatian). 4541: 4535: 4519: 4516: 4511: 4510: 4502: 4498: 4492:Marinković 2018 4490: 4486: 4478: 4474: 4466: 4459: 4451: 4447: 4439: 4435: 4427: 4423: 4415: 4404: 4396: 4392: 4384: 4380: 4372: 4368: 4360: 4356: 4348: 4344: 4336: 4329: 4321: 4317: 4309: 4305: 4297: 4293: 4285: 4281: 4273: 4269: 4261: 4252: 4244: 4235: 4227: 4223: 4213: 4211: 4198: 4197: 4193: 4185: 4181: 4173: 4166: 4158: 4154: 4146: 4137: 4127: 4125: 4103:(in Croatian). 4094: 4093: 4084: 4080:, p. 1, 5. 4076: 4072: 4062: 4060: 4047: 4046: 4042: 4034: 4030: 4020: 4018: 4013:(in Croatian). 4001: 4000: 3996: 3986: 3984: 3979:(in Croatian). 3970: 3969: 3965: 3951: 3950: 3946: 3938: 3934: 3926: 3922: 3914: 3910: 3902: 3898: 3890: 3886: 3876: 3874: 3864: 3863: 3859: 3851: 3847: 3837: 3835: 3830:(in Croatian). 3821: 3820: 3816: 3806: 3804: 3799:(in Croatian). 3790: 3789: 3782: 3772: 3770: 3765:(in Croatian). 3756: 3755: 3751: 3743: 3736: 3726: 3724: 3712: 3711: 3702: 3693: 3691: 3683: 3682: 3678: 3668: 3666: 3654: 3653: 3644: 3635:(in Croatian). 3626: 3625: 3621: 3611: 3609: 3599: 3598: 3594: 3586: 3579: 3571: 3567: 3559: 3555: 3547: 3543: 3535: 3531: 3523: 3519: 3511: 3504: 3496: 3492: 3484: 3480: 3472: 3468: 3460: 3456: 3448: 3441: 3431: 3429: 3424:(in Croatian). 3412: 3411: 3402: 3394: 3387: 3379: 3375: 3367: 3363: 3350:(in Croatian). 3341: 3340: 3336: 3328: 3324: 3316: 3309: 3295: 3294: 3290: 3276: 3274: 3269:(in Croatian). 3260: 3259: 3248: 3240: 3223: 3209: 3207: 3204:Heretica.com.hr 3197: 3196: 3185: 3175: 3173: 3163: 3162: 3151: 3141: 3139: 3131: 3130: 3126: 3116: 3114: 3106: 3105: 3101: 3091: 3080: 3076: 3071: 3054: 3023: 2958: 2956:Chakavian media 2940: 2918: 2909: 2900: 2883: 2882: 2867: 2850: 2836: 2835: 2813: 2812: 2802: 2801: 2779: 2765: 2764: 2749: 2732: 2709: 2698: 2689: 2664: 2634: 2623: 2617: 2614: 2607: 2588: 2584: 2577: 2414: 2353:, outskirts of 2259: 2126:Ikavian–Ekavian 1987: 1983: 1981: 1977: 1975: 1971: 1969: 1965: 1963: 1959: 1937: 1817:Eastern Romance 1813:Italo-Dalmatian 1741: 1728: 1706: 1590: 1562:Reinhold Olesch 1558:Petar Šimunović 1507: 1495:Antun Mažuranić 1466:Josef Dobrovský 1451: 1446: 1427: 1425:Domagoj Vidović 1367:Ranko Matasović 1335:Antun Mažuranić 1275: 1222:, northwestern 1204:Central Croatia 1123: 1119: 1106: 1102: 1068: 1064: 1050: 1021: 1020: 1004: 988: 972: 920: 894: 886: 885: 846: 815: 807: 806: 789: 788: 773: 739: 694:Church Slavonic 685: 677: 676: 669: 668: 628: 618: 586: 585: 571: 567:Janjevo–Letnica 539: 538: 516: 515: 501: 497:Janjevo–Letnica 471:Smederevo–Vršac 458: 439: 425: 415:Younger Ikavian 390: 384: 339: 303:Without proper 291: 275: 259: 252: 203: 192: 185: 143: 140:Language family 138: 129: 128:Native speakers 100: 71: 65: 62: 55: 43:This article's 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7016: 7014: 7006: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6980: 6979: 6973: 6972: 6962: 6959: 6958: 6956: 6955: 6950: 6948:Van Wijk's law 6945: 6943:Ruki sound law 6940: 6938:Pedersen's law 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6884: 6882: 6876: 6875: 6873: 6872: 6865: 6858: 6851: 6846: 6845: 6844: 6833: 6831: 6823: 6822: 6820: 6819: 6814: 6807: 6802: 6795: 6788: 6783: 6781:Romano-Serbian 6778: 6773: 6768: 6761: 6754: 6746: 6740: 6738: 6732: 6731: 6728: 6727: 6725: 6724: 6723: 6722: 6712: 6707: 6706: 6705: 6698:Eastern Slovak 6694: 6692: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6682: 6677: 6676: 6675: 6670: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6639: 6638: 6628: 6622: 6620: 6614: 6613: 6611: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6599: 6598: 6587: 6585: 6576: 6572:Microlanguages 6568: 6567: 6564: 6563: 6561: 6560: 6559: 6558: 6548: 6542: 6540: 6534: 6533: 6531: 6530: 6529: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6508: 6507: 6506: 6501: 6491: 6490: 6489: 6488: 6487: 6475: 6474: 6473: 6466: 6459: 6454: 6443:East Lechitic 6440: 6438: 6432: 6431: 6429: 6428: 6427: 6426: 6425: 6424: 6417:Eastern Slovak 6414: 6402: 6401: 6400: 6398:White Croatian 6395: 6390: 6383: 6376: 6374:Biblical Czech 6365: 6363: 6354: 6348: 6347: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6340: 6335: 6334: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6306:Serbo-Croatian 6303: 6295: 6293: 6287: 6286: 6284: 6283: 6277: 6275: 6269: 6268: 6266: 6265: 6260: 6254: 6252: 6243: 6237: 6236: 6234: 6233: 6232: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6211: 6206: 6205: 6204: 6203: 6202: 6197: 6182: 6175: 6174: 6173: 6159: 6158: 6157: 6146: 6144: 6138: 6137: 6135: 6134: 6127: 6126: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6105: 6093: 6086: 6078: 6076: 6070: 6069: 6064: 6062: 6061: 6054: 6047: 6039: 6030: 6029: 6026: 6025: 6019: 6007: 6006: 6003: 6002: 6000: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5982:Romano-Serbian 5979: 5974: 5969: 5967:Codex Marianus 5964: 5958: 5956: 5955:Related topics 5952: 5951: 5949: 5948: 5947: 5946: 5941: 5931: 5926: 5925: 5924: 5914: 5908: 5906: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5872: 5870: 5866: 5865: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5847: 5846: 5841: 5831: 5825: 5823: 5819: 5818: 5816: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5794: 5792: 5785: 5781: 5780: 5777: 5776: 5774: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5757: 5755: 5748: 5747: 5745: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5733: 5732: 5725: 5712: 5710: 5704: 5703: 5701: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5669: 5667: 5661: 5660: 5658: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5626: 5624: 5618: 5617: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5610: 5605: 5604: 5603: 5591: 5586: 5585: 5584: 5571: 5569: 5567:Neo-Shtokavian 5563: 5562: 5560: 5559: 5558: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5532: 5531: 5530: 5518: 5517: 5516: 5511: 5501: 5495: 5493: 5491:Old-Shtokavian 5484: 5475: 5469: 5468: 5466: 5465: 5460: 5459: 5458: 5453: 5446:Microlanguages 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5422: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5409:Serbo-Croatian 5407: 5405: 5404: 5397: 5390: 5382: 5373: 5372: 5370: 5369: 5363: 5361: 5360:Related topics 5357: 5356: 5354: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5315: 5313: 5307: 5306: 5304: 5303: 5295: 5289: 5287: 5281: 5280: 5278: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5261: 5259: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5225: 5223: 5219: 5218: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5190: 5188: 5184: 5183: 5178: 5176: 5175: 5168: 5161: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5141: 5127: 5113: 5097: 5096:External links 5094: 5093: 5092: 5089: 5082: 5079: 5072: 5065: 5058: 5051: 5044: 5035: 5028: 5021: 5014: 5009:P. Šimunović: 5007: 5002:P. Šimunović: 5000: 4993: 4986: 4979: 4972: 4965: 4958: 4951: 4944: 4937: 4930: 4923: 4914: 4905: 4898: 4888: 4879: 4873: 4862: 4848: 4845: 4839: 4830: 4822: 4819: 4818: 4817: 4811: 4788: 4780:Hrvatski Jezik 4771: 4765: 4741: 4724: 4718: 4699: 4682: 4662: 4656: 4636: 4619: 4613: 4587: 4581: 4556: 4539: 4533: 4515: 4512: 4509: 4508: 4496: 4494:, p. 342. 4484: 4472: 4457: 4445: 4433: 4431:, p. 4–5. 4421: 4402: 4390: 4378: 4366: 4354: 4342: 4327: 4315: 4303: 4291: 4279: 4267: 4250: 4233: 4229:Matasović 2008 4221: 4191: 4179: 4175:Matasović 2008 4164: 4162:, p. 1–2. 4152: 4148:Matasović 2008 4135: 4107:(2): 502–506. 4082: 4070: 4040: 4028: 3994: 3963: 3944: 3940:Matasović 2008 3932: 3920: 3916:Matasović 2008 3908: 3896: 3884: 3857: 3845: 3814: 3780: 3749: 3734: 3700: 3676: 3642: 3619: 3592: 3577: 3565: 3553: 3541: 3529: 3517: 3513:Matasović 2008 3502: 3498:Matasović 2008 3490: 3478: 3474:Matasović 2008 3466: 3454: 3439: 3414:Lončarić, Mijo 3400: 3385: 3381:Matasović 2008 3373: 3361: 3334: 3322: 3307: 3288: 3273:(1–2): 145–149 3246: 3221: 3183: 3149: 3124: 3099: 3073: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3066: 3065: 3060: 3053: 3050: 3049: 3048: 3040: 3032: 3022: 3019: 3018: 3017: 3001: 2992: 2985: 2974: 2967:Književni krug 2957: 2954: 2951: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2935: 2933: 2927: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2913: 2904: 2895: 2889: 2888: 2887: 2877: 2875: 2858: 2841: 2840: 2830: 2824: 2823: 2820: 2818: 2817: 2807: 2806: 2796: 2794: 2788: 2787: 2770: 2769: 2759: 2757: 2740: 2723: 2717: 2716: 2713: 2704: 2702: 2693: 2684: 2678: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2636: 2635: 2591: 2589: 2582: 2576: 2573: 2549: 2548: 2533: 2530: 2520: 2511:(jat): longer 2506: 2487: 2461: 2442: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2406: 2389: 2386: 2380: 2379: 2372: 2369: 2363: 2362: 2328: 2325: 2319: 2318: 2264: 2261: 2253: 2252: 2226: 2223: 2217: 2216: 2209: 2202: 2196: 2195: 2192: 2186: 2169: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2145: 2144: 2138: 2132: 2123: 2089: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2072: 2045: 2034: 2033:in Shtokavian; 2023: 2020: 1982: 1976: 1970: 1964: 1958: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1931: 1916: 1890: 1879: 1848: 1740: 1737: 1718:Alen Vitasović 1682:Vladimir Nazor 1674:Miljenko Smoje 1616:Latin alphabet 1589: 1586: 1543:Matteo Bartoli 1506: 1505:Recent studies 1503: 1483:August Leskien 1474:Jernej Kopitar 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1421:Josip Bratulić 1274: 1273:Classification 1271: 1255:hrvatski jezik 1052: 1051: 1049: 1048: 1041: 1034: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1017: 1016: 1008: 1007: 1006: 1005: 1003: 1002: 1000:Early Cyrillic 997: 991: 989: 987: 986: 981: 975: 973: 971: 970: 965: 960: 954: 952: 944: 943: 942: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 919: 918: 913: 907: 905: 895: 892: 891: 888: 887: 882: 881: 880: 879: 874: 866: 865: 864: 863: 858: 850: 849: 848: 847: 845: 844: 839: 833: 831: 826: 816: 813: 812: 809: 808: 803: 802: 801: 800: 795: 790: 787: 786: 780: 774: 772: 771: 766: 759: 755: 753: 743: 742: 741: 740: 738: 737: 732: 726: 724: 719: 714: 704: 703: 702: 701: 686: 683: 682: 679: 678: 673: 672: 671: 670: 667: 666: 660: 653: 649: 647: 637: 636: 635: 634: 622: 621: 620: 619: 617: 616: 611: 606: 600: 598: 590: 589: 588: 587: 584: 583: 577: 572: 570: 569: 564: 558: 551: 547: 545: 540: 537: 536: 530: 523: 519: 517: 514: 513: 507: 502: 500: 499: 494: 488: 479: 474: 464: 459: 457: 456: 450: 445: 440: 438: 437: 431: 426: 424: 423: 417: 410: 406: 404: 394: 393: 392: 391: 380: 378: 373: 368: 363: 355: 354: 353: 352: 349:Serbo-Croatian 340: 337: 336: 333: 332: 321: 320: 307:, you may see 293: 292: 289: 281: 280: 273: 265: 264: 257: 249: 248: 247:Language codes 244: 243: 242: 241: 236: 231: 226: 221: 216: 209: 205: 204: 202: 201: 195: 193: 191:Standard forms 190: 187: 186: 184: 183: 182: 181: 180: 179: 178: 177: 176: 175: 146: 144: 137: 134: 133: 130: 127: 124: 123: 118: 114: 113: 95: 94:Native to 91: 90: 82: 81: 73: 72: 52:the key points 42: 40: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7015: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6985: 6983: 6969: 6965: 6960: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6933:Meillet's law 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6877: 6871: 6870: 6866: 6864: 6863: 6859: 6857: 6856: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6843: 6840: 6839: 6838: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6830: 6824: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6812: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6800: 6796: 6794: 6793: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6766: 6762: 6760: 6759: 6755: 6753: 6752: 6749:20th century 6747: 6745: 6742: 6741: 6739: 6737: 6733: 6721: 6718: 6717: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6704: 6701: 6700: 6699: 6696: 6695: 6693: 6691: 6687: 6681: 6678: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6668:Slavomolisano 6666: 6665: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6637: 6634: 6633: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6615: 6609: 6608:West Polesian 6606: 6604: 6601: 6597: 6594: 6593: 6592: 6589: 6588: 6586: 6584: 6580: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6557: 6554: 6553: 6552: 6551:Lower Sorbian 6549: 6547: 6546:Upper Sorbian 6544: 6543: 6541: 6539: 6535: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6513: 6512: 6511:West Lechitic 6509: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6496: 6495: 6492: 6486: 6485: 6481: 6480: 6479: 6476: 6472: 6471: 6470:Middle Polish 6467: 6465: 6464: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6449: 6448: 6445: 6444: 6442: 6441: 6439: 6437: 6433: 6423: 6420: 6419: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6412: 6408: 6407: 6406: 6403: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6388: 6384: 6382: 6381: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6371: 6370: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6362: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6349: 6339: 6336: 6332: 6331:Slavomolisano 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6308: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6301: 6300:Alpine Slavic 6297: 6296: 6294: 6292: 6288: 6282: 6279: 6278: 6276: 6274: 6270: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6255: 6253: 6251: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6238: 6230: 6229:Simple speech 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6216: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6192: 6191: 6188: 6187: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6180: 6176: 6172: 6171: 6167: 6166: 6165: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6155:Simple speech 6153: 6152: 6151: 6148: 6147: 6145: 6143: 6139: 6133: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6110: 6109: 6106: 6103: 6099: 6098: 6094: 6092: 6091: 6087: 6085: 6084: 6080: 6079: 6077: 6075: 6071: 6067: 6060: 6055: 6053: 6048: 6046: 6041: 6040: 6037: 6024: 6020: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6008: 6004: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5959: 5957: 5953: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5936: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5923: 5920: 5919: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5903: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5867: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5836: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5820: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5795: 5793: 5789: 5786: 5782: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5758: 5756: 5754: 5749: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5730: 5726: 5723: 5719: 5718: 5717: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5709: 5705: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5670: 5668: 5666: 5662: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5619: 5609: 5606: 5601: 5597: 5596: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5582: 5578: 5577: 5576: 5573: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5564: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5537: 5536: 5533: 5528: 5524: 5523: 5522: 5519: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5509:Prizren–Timok 5507: 5506: 5505: 5504:Kosovo–Resava 5502: 5500: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5492: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5470: 5464: 5461: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5448: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5415: 5410: 5403: 5398: 5396: 5391: 5389: 5384: 5383: 5380: 5368: 5365: 5364: 5362: 5358: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5341: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5316: 5314: 5310:Promotion and 5308: 5302: 5301: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5282: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5262: 5260: 5256: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5220: 5215: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5174: 5169: 5167: 5162: 5160: 5155: 5154: 5151: 5145: 5142: 5138: 5137: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5123: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5109: 5104: 5100: 5099: 5095: 5090: 5087: 5083: 5080: 5077: 5073: 5070: 5066: 5063: 5059: 5056: 5052: 5049: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5036: 5033: 5029: 5026: 5022: 5019: 5016:N. Šprljan: " 5015: 5012: 5008: 5005: 5001: 4998: 4994: 4991: 4987: 4984: 4980: 4977: 4973: 4970: 4966: 4963: 4959: 4956: 4952: 4949: 4945: 4942: 4938: 4935: 4931: 4928: 4925:I. Lukežić: " 4924: 4921: 4920: 4915: 4912: 4911: 4907:K. Langston: 4906: 4903: 4899: 4896: 4892: 4889: 4886: 4885: 4881:J. Kalsbeek: 4880: 4877: 4874: 4871: 4868:, R. Olesch: 4867: 4863: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4849: 4846: 4843: 4840: 4837: 4836: 4831: 4828: 4825: 4824: 4820: 4814: 4808: 4800: 4796: 4795: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4739:(1): 340–345. 4738: 4734: 4730: 4725: 4721: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4706: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4657:9789532121698 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4620: 4616: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4597: 4592: 4591:Kapović, Mate 4588: 4584: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4540: 4536: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4517: 4513: 4505: 4500: 4497: 4493: 4488: 4485: 4481: 4476: 4473: 4470:, p. 30. 4469: 4464: 4462: 4458: 4455:, p. 17. 4454: 4449: 4446: 4443:, p. 15. 4442: 4437: 4434: 4430: 4425: 4422: 4418: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4394: 4391: 4387: 4382: 4379: 4375: 4370: 4367: 4363: 4358: 4355: 4352:, p. 64. 4351: 4346: 4343: 4340:, p. 43. 4339: 4334: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4319: 4316: 4312: 4307: 4304: 4301:, p. 44. 4300: 4295: 4292: 4288: 4283: 4280: 4277:, p. 47. 4276: 4271: 4268: 4264: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4251: 4248:, p. 16. 4247: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4234: 4231:, p. 34. 4230: 4225: 4222: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4195: 4192: 4189:, p. 41. 4188: 4183: 4180: 4177:, p. 37. 4176: 4171: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4156: 4153: 4150:, p. 36. 4149: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4136: 4124: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4074: 4071: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4049:Kapović, Mate 4044: 4041: 4037: 4032: 4029: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 3998: 3995: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3967: 3964: 3959: 3958:Grottaferrata 3955: 3948: 3945: 3941: 3936: 3933: 3930:, p. 29. 3929: 3924: 3921: 3917: 3912: 3909: 3905: 3900: 3897: 3893: 3888: 3885: 3872: 3868: 3861: 3858: 3854: 3849: 3846: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3818: 3815: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3787: 3785: 3781: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3753: 3750: 3746: 3741: 3739: 3735: 3723:(in Croatian) 3722: 3721: 3716: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3701: 3690: 3686: 3680: 3677: 3665:(in Croatian) 3664: 3663: 3658: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3643: 3639:(2–3): 65–69. 3638: 3634: 3630: 3623: 3620: 3607: 3603: 3596: 3593: 3590:, p. 63. 3589: 3584: 3582: 3578: 3575:, p. 62. 3574: 3569: 3566: 3562: 3557: 3554: 3550: 3545: 3542: 3539:, p. 27. 3538: 3533: 3530: 3526: 3521: 3518: 3515:, p. 35. 3514: 3509: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3494: 3491: 3487: 3482: 3479: 3475: 3470: 3467: 3463: 3458: 3455: 3451: 3446: 3444: 3440: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3392: 3390: 3386: 3383:, p. 66. 3382: 3377: 3374: 3370: 3365: 3362: 3358: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3338: 3335: 3331: 3326: 3323: 3319: 3314: 3312: 3308: 3303: 3299: 3292: 3289: 3285: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3206:(in Croatian) 3205: 3201: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3184: 3172:(in Croatian) 3171: 3167: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3150: 3138: 3134: 3128: 3125: 3113: 3109: 3103: 3100: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3075: 3068: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3051: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3024: 3020: 3016:island radio. 3015: 3011: 3007: 3002: 2999: 2998: 2993: 2990: 2986: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2959: 2955: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2914: 2912: 2905: 2903: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2886: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2870: 2859: 2857: 2853: 2842: 2839: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2808: 2805: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2771: 2768: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2752: 2741: 2739: 2735: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2714: 2712: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2694: 2692: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2632: 2629: 2621: 2618:November 2023 2611: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2597: 2590: 2581: 2580: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2557: 2555: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2423: 2422: 2421:(cakavizam): 2420: 2411: 2405: 2401: 2398:on Pelješac, 2397: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2258: 2255: 2254: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2207: 2203: 2201: 2200:Buzet dialect 2198: 2197: 2194:Distribution 2193: 2191: 2187: 2184: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2153: 2152: 2149: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2116: 2114: 2109: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2097:Stjepan Ivšić 2094: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2043: 2040:, Shtokavian 2039: 2035: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 2001: 2000: 1998: 1994: 1957: 1952: 1946: 1941: 1934: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1915: 1914:Slavomolisano 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1898:Boka Kotorska 1895: 1891: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1866:, and on the 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1825: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1814: 1808: 1806: 1803:According to 1801: 1799: 1798:Buzet dialect 1795: 1789: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1762: 1753: 1745: 1738: 1736: 1732: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1701: 1700: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1686:Drago Gervais 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1647:Faust Vrančić 1644: 1640: 1639:Marko Marulić 1635: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1603: 1600: 1595: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1550: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1523: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1504: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1487:Yugoslav Wars 1484: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1462: 1461: 1456: 1448: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1431: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1402:According to 1400: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1376:Stjepan Ivšić 1373: 1368: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1348: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1323:Joakim Stulić 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1307:Vinodol codex 1304: 1300: 1296: 1293:) to Slavic ( 1292: 1288: 1284: 1279: 1272: 1270: 1268: 1267:Faust Vrančić 1264: 1263:Marko Marulić 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1178: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1158: 1154:proper name: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1138: 1115: 1098: 1062: 1058: 1047: 1042: 1040: 1035: 1033: 1028: 1027: 1025: 1024: 1014: 1010: 1009: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 992: 990: 985: 982: 980: 977: 976: 974: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 955: 953: 951: 948: 947: 946: 945: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 917: 914: 912: 909: 908: 906: 904: 901: 900: 899: 898: 890: 889: 878: 875: 873: 870: 869: 868: 867: 862: 859: 857: 854: 853: 852: 851: 843: 840: 838: 835: 834: 832: 830: 827: 825: 822: 821: 820: 819: 811: 810: 799: 796: 794: 791: 784: 781: 779: 776: 775: 770: 767: 765: 761: 760: 758: 754: 752: 751: 747: 746: 745: 744: 736: 733: 731: 728: 727: 725: 723: 720: 718: 715: 713: 712: 708: 707: 706: 705: 699: 695: 692: 691: 690: 689: 681: 680: 664: 661: 659: 655: 654: 652: 648: 646: 645: 641: 640: 639: 638: 633: 631: 626: 625: 624: 623: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 601: 599: 597: 594: 593: 592: 591: 581: 580:Timok–Lužnica 578: 576: 573: 568: 565: 563: 560: 559: 557: 553: 552: 550: 546: 544: 541: 534: 531: 529: 525: 524: 522: 518: 511: 510:Timok–Lužnica 508: 506: 503: 498: 495: 493: 490: 489: 487: 483: 482:Prizren–Timok 480: 478: 475: 472: 468: 467:Kosovo–Resava 465: 463: 460: 455: 452: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 436: 433: 432: 430: 427: 422: 419: 418: 416: 412: 411: 409: 405: 403: 402: 398: 397: 396: 395: 388: 383: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 358: 357: 356: 351: 350: 346: 345: 344: 343: 335: 334: 330: 326: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 300: 294: 287: 282: 278: 274: 272: 271: 266: 262: 258: 255: 250: 245: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 211: 210: 200: 197: 196: 194: 188: 174: 171: 170: 169: 166: 165: 164: 161: 160: 159: 156: 155: 154: 151: 150: 149: 148:Indo-European 145: 141: 135: 131: 125: 122: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 96: 92: 88: 83: 78: 69: 59: 53: 51: 46: 41: 37: 32: 31: 19: 6963: 6953:Winter's law 6913:Havlík's law 6867: 6860: 6853: 6809: 6797: 6790: 6765:Mednyj Aleut 6763: 6756: 6748: 6630: 6618:South Slavic 6575:and dialects 6482: 6468: 6461: 6409: 6385: 6380:Czechoslovak 6378: 6361:Czech-Slovak 6298: 6273:Transitional 6241:South Slavic 6177: 6168: 6161: 6129: 6097:Proto-Slavic 6095: 6088: 6081: 5972:Humac tablet 5962:Baška tablet 5751:Reflexes of 5683:Lower Sutlan 5621: 5338: 5299: 5233: 5134: 5120: 5106: 5085: 5075: 5068: 5061: 5054: 5047: 5046:R. Vidović: 5038: 5037:W. Vermeer: 5031: 5024: 5010: 5003: 4996: 4989: 4982: 4981:J. Ribarić: 4975: 4974:L. Radulić: 4968: 4967:I. Oštarić: 4961: 4954: 4947: 4940: 4933: 4917: 4916:I. Lukežić: 4908: 4901: 4882: 4869: 4866:P. Šimunović 4835:Čakavska rič 4833: 4798: 4793: 4783: 4779: 4752: 4748: 4736: 4732: 4709: 4704: 4694: 4690: 4677: 4673: 4666:Lisac, Josip 4647: 4643: 4640:Lisac, Josip 4631: 4628:Čakavska rič 4627: 4600: 4595: 4564: 4560: 4551: 4547: 4524: 4499: 4487: 4475: 4448: 4436: 4429:Vidović 2018 4424: 4419:, p. 4. 4417:Vidović 2018 4398:Grčević 1998 4393: 4386:Grčević 1998 4381: 4369: 4357: 4350:Kapović 2015 4345: 4338:Grčević 1998 4318: 4311:Grčević 1998 4306: 4299:Grčević 1998 4294: 4287:Grčević 2019 4282: 4270: 4265:, p. 2. 4263:Vidović 2018 4224: 4212:. Retrieved 4208:the original 4194: 4187:Grčević 1998 4182: 4160:Vidović 2018 4155: 4126:. Retrieved 4104: 4100: 4078:Vidović 2018 4073: 4061:. Retrieved 4056: 4043: 4031: 4019:. Retrieved 4017:(1–2): 51–56 4014: 4011:Čakavska rič 4010: 4003:Lisac, Josip 3997: 3985:. Retrieved 3980: 3977:Čakavska rič 3976: 3966: 3953: 3947: 3935: 3923: 3911: 3899: 3892:Grčević 2019 3887: 3875:. Retrieved 3870: 3860: 3853:Grčević 1998 3848: 3836:. Retrieved 3831: 3827: 3817: 3805:. Retrieved 3800: 3796: 3771:. Retrieved 3769:(1): 167–186 3766: 3762: 3752: 3747:, p. 5. 3745:Vidović 2018 3725:. Retrieved 3718: 3692:. Retrieved 3688: 3679: 3667:. Retrieved 3660: 3636: 3632: 3622: 3610:. Retrieved 3605: 3595: 3588:Kapović 2015 3568: 3556: 3544: 3532: 3525:Kapović 2015 3520: 3493: 3486:Kapović 2015 3481: 3469: 3462:Lukežić 1996 3457: 3430:. Retrieved 3425: 3421: 3396:Lukežić 2012 3376: 3364: 3355: 3354:(7–8): 177. 3351: 3347: 3337: 3330:Kapović 2015 3325: 3318:Kapović 2015 3301: 3291: 3282: 3275:. Retrieved 3270: 3267:Čakavska rič 3266: 3244:, p. 1. 3242:Vidović 2018 3215: 3208:. Retrieved 3203: 3174:. Retrieved 3170:Maxportal.hr 3169: 3140:. Retrieved 3136: 3133:"čakávština" 3127: 3115:. Retrieved 3111: 3102: 3085: 3077: 2995: 2988: 2981: 2977: 2966: 2963:Čakavska rič 2962: 2941: 2919: 2910: 2901: 2884: 2872: 2868: 2855: 2851: 2837: 2814: 2803: 2784: 2780: 2766: 2754: 2750: 2737: 2733: 2710: 2699: 2690: 2639: 2624: 2615: 2608:Please help 2604: 2593: 2558: 2550: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2526: 2523:Appurtenance 2516: 2512: 2508: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2418: 2415: 2205: 2170: 2150: 2146: 2140: 2134: 2125: 2119: 2110: 2090: 2079: 2075: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2051:("I love"), 2048: 2041: 2037: 2030: 2026: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 1990: 1935:Sub-dialects 1896:(Trašte) at 1822: 1809: 1802: 1790: 1758: 1713: 1697: 1689: 1667: 1636: 1620: 1604: 1598: 1591: 1582:Mate Kapović 1577: 1569: 1565: 1553: 1551: 1547:Gheg dialect 1524: 1515: 1512:Proto-Slavic 1508: 1478:Vuk Karadžić 1458: 1452: 1411: 1404:Mate Kapović 1401: 1363: 1351: 1343: 1330: 1326: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1305:) and 1288 ( 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1280: 1276: 1254: 1236: 1180:supradialect 1177:South Slavic 1172: 1060: 1056: 1055: 949: 902: 871: 855: 823: 769:Southeastern 748: 709: 642: 627: 595: 520: 399: 360: 347: 331:and dialects 296: 268: 172: 163:South Slavic 153:Balto-Slavic 63: 47: 45:lead section 6928:Ivšić's law 6855:Army Slavic 6842:Interslavic 6827:Constructed 6690:West Slavic 6583:East Slavic 6352:West Slavic 6321:Montenegrin 6142:East Slavic 5540:Cetinje–Bar 5436:Montenegrin 5300:Declaration 5284:History and 5067:S. Vranić: 5060:S. Vranić: 5053:S. Vranić: 5030:N. Velčić: 4864:M. Hraste, 4691:Fluminensia 4554:(2): 41–56. 4480:Zubčić 2017 4374:Lisac 2009b 4128:16 February 4063:15 February 4021:15 February 3987:16 February 3877:17 February 3838:17 February 3807:17 February 3773:17 February 3727:15 February 3669:10 February 3612:17 February 3573:Zubčić 2017 3561:Zubčić 2017 3549:Zubčić 2017 3450:Zubčić 2017 3432:12 February 3369:Zubčić 2017 3277:16 February 3210:10 February 3176:10 February 2893:Approximant 2612:if you can. 2605:Add vowels. 2419:"tsakavism" 2177:Josip Lisac 2175:(1988) and 2044:("border"); 1997:Josip Lisac 1945:D. Brozović 1924:Los Angeles 1920:New Orleans 1850:The entire 1805:Josip Lisac 1796:and partly 1739:Area of use 1729: [ 1707: [ 1690:Dragi kamen 1678:Mate Balota 1632:Džore Držić 1584:and so on. 1574:Josip Lisac 1491:linguistics 1428: [ 1419:in Europe. 1396:genetically 934:Montenegrin 911:Gaj's Latin 376:Montenegrin 311:instead of 66:August 2024 6982:Categories 6918:Hirt's law 6908:Dybo's law 6879:Historical 6792:Russenorsk 6771:Ponaschemu 6663:Shtokavian 6603:Podlachian 6504:Slovincian 6494:Pomeranian 6463:Old Polish 6263:Macedonian 6150:Belarusian 6012:Shtokavian 5905:Literature 5482:Shtokavian 5293:Literature 5286:literature 5229:Shtokavian 4960:M. Moguš: 4891:M. Kapović 4534:0801416752 4521:Banac, Ivo 4514:References 4504:Lisac 2009 4468:Lisac 2009 4453:Lisac 2009 4441:Lisac 2009 4362:Kužić 2006 4323:Kužić 2006 4275:Banac 1984 4246:Lisac 2009 4057:Filologija 4036:Lisac 2009 3983:(1–2): 4–5 3928:Lisac 2009 3904:Lisac 2009 3871:Filologija 3834:(2): 41–58 3694:2023-02-03 3537:Lisac 2009 3428:(1): 92–99 3304:: 516–517. 3108:"čákavskī" 3087:Ethnologue 2561:mazurzenie 2491:diphthongs 2404:Montenegro 2388:Ijekavian 2101:Pavle Ivić 2055:("I am"), 1910:Bratislava 1906:Burgenland 1786:Pavle Ivić 1714:(Cha wave) 1670:Tin Ujević 1608:Glagolitic 1380:Pavle Ivić 1247:Shtokavian 1171:own name: 1163:čakavština 995:Glagolitic 958:Bohoričica 950:Historical 750:Macedonian 735:Meshterski 528:Burgenland 462:Zeta–Raška 408:Shtokavian 6966:indicate 6881:phonology 6829:languages 6817:Trasianka 6643:Kajkavian 6631:Chakavian 6556:Schleifer 6499:Kashubian 6281:Torlakian 6258:Bulgarian 6214:Ukrainian 6179:Ruthenian 5922:Vukovians 5851:Phonology 5834:Loanwords 5766:Ijekavian 5708:Torlakian 5665:Kajkavian 5622:Chakavian 5589:Dubrovnik 5239:Kajkavian 5234:Chakavian 5222:Varieties 5199:Phonology 4855:M. Hraste 4786:(3): 1–5. 4668:(2009b). 4573:Dubrovnik 4123:233798134 3803:(1): 3–28 3082:Chakavian 2828:Fricative 2792:Affricate 2575:Phonology 2489:Frequent 2482:(without 2448:(sh) and 2444:palatals 2315:Duga Resa 2267:Dugi Otok 2141:Ijekavian 1993:Kajkavian 1928:Vancouver 1782:Dubrovnik 1770:Una river 1655:Frankopan 1628:Dubrovnik 1535:Dalmatian 1295:slovinski 1283:harvatski 1243:Kajkavian 1057:Chakavian 1011:Includes 968:Metelčica 893:Alphabets 861:Kajkavian 837:Torlakian 783:Torlakian 730:Torlakian 711:Bulgarian 609:Ijekavian 549:Torlakian 543:Kajkavian 521:Chakavian 443:Dubrovnik 429:Slavonian 270:Glottolog 254:ISO 639-3 173:Chakavian 117:Ethnicity 80:Chakavian 50:summarize 6862:Iazychie 6786:Runglish 6744:Balachka 6715:Silesian 6673:Bunjevac 6521:Polabian 6478:Silesian 6457:dialects 6452:Masurian 6436:Lechitic 6393:Moravian 6316:Croatian 6219:dialects 6190:dialects 5939:Medieval 5784:Features 5688:Prigorje 5581:Bunjevac 5473:Dialects 5431:Croatian 5411:language 5194:Alphabet 5187:Features 4842:B. Finka 4827:A. Belić 4747:(2008). 4733:Rasprave 4642:(2009). 4593:(2015). 4523:(1984). 4214:21 March 4051:(2010). 4005:(2006). 3720:Nacional 3422:Rasprave 3416:(1988). 3142:21 March 3117:21 March 3052:See also 3021:Examples 2665:alveolar 2658:Alveolar 2594:require 2565:tsokanye 2539:(self), 2484:iotation 2371:Ikavian 2335:Pelješac 2327:Ikavian 2295:Kukljica 2225:Ekavian 1887:Karlovac 1883:Žumberak 1868:Pelješac 1599:de facto 1572:(2006); 1539:Venetian 1516:neoacute 1444:Research 1331:čakavski 1299:illirski 1291:hrvatski 1287:harvacki 1232:Slovenia 1228:Slovakia 1192:Dalmatia 1157:čakavica 1147:čakavski 1143:Croatian 1061:Čakavian 963:Dajnčica 778:Northern 757:Dialects 717:Dialects 651:Dialects 421:Bunjevac 401:Dialects 371:Croatian 317:Help:IPA 277:chak1265 208:Dialects 102:Slovenia 87:čakavski 6964:Italics 6849:Lydnevi 6805:Surzhyk 6538:Sorbian 6387:Knaanic 6338:Slovene 6326:Serbian 6311:Bosnian 6291:Western 6250:Eastern 6185:Russian 6074:History 5869:History 5844:Turkish 5829:Grammar 5791:Writing 5771:Ikavian 5761:Ekavian 5441:Serbian 5426:Bosnian 5351:Studies 5204:Grammar 4876:P. Ivić 4851:J. Hamm 4567:]. 3357:180)... 3302:Vijenac 2871: 2863: 2854: 2846: 2822: 2783: 2775: 2753: 2745: 2736: 2728: 2721:Plosive 2715: 2670:Palatal 2596:cleanup 2519:(or e). 2501:e > 2497:a > 2396:Janjina 2392:Lastovo 2331:Korčula 2299:Vinodol 2271:Kornati 2135:Ikavian 2120:Ekavian 1872:Šibenik 1860:Biograd 1845:Korčula 1833:Elafiti 1722:Gustafi 1659:Zrinski 1531:Italian 1315:čakavac 1239:Croatia 1224:Hungary 1220:Austria 1175:) is a 979:Arebica 939:Slovene 764:Western 644:Slovene 614:Ikavian 604:Ekavian 596:Accents 382:Serbian 366:Bosnian 313:Unicode 98:Croatia 6776:Quelia 6658:Resian 6447:Polish 6405:Slovak 6102:Accent 5944:Poetry 5312:purism 5275:Months 4809: 4801:] 4763: 4716: 4654: 4611: 4579: 4569:Zagreb 4531: 4121: 3981:XLVIII 3763:Obnova 3271:XLVIII 3010:Rijeka 2653:Labial 2543:(if), 2527:dative 2505:, etc. 2466:(dj), 2400:Bigova 2376:Vodice 2311:Otočac 2307:Brinje 2303:Ogulin 2291:Ugljan 2275:Lošinj 2246:Rijeka 2242:Kastav 1984: 1978: 1972: 1966: 1960: 1926:, and 1894:Bigova 1852:Istria 1726:Šajeta 1704:Ča-val 1694:Zagreb 1339:Ragusa 1196:Istria 1184:Croats 903:Modern 842:Gorani 663:Resian 562:Gorani 533:Molise 492:Gorani 158:Slavic 121:Croats 110:Kozina 106:Račice 6710:Goral 6648:Pomak 6596:Lemko 6369:Czech 6209:Rusyn 5839:Greek 5822:Other 5630:Buzet 5600:Užice 5527:Šokac 5298:1967 5258:Names 4803:(PDF) 4797:[ 4751:[ 4708:[ 4646:[ 4632:XXXIV 4599:[ 4563:[ 4548:Jezik 4119:S2CID 4015:XXXIV 3828:Jezik 3797:Jezik 3633:Jezik 3069:Notes 3006:Split 2971:Split 2969:) in 2931:Trill 2682:Nasal 2675:Velar 2663:Post- 2554:Milna 2547:(be). 2359:Zadar 2355:Split 2351:Šolta 2238:Labin 2234:Žminj 2230:Pazin 2213:Buzet 2185:Name 2069:selon 2061:volin 2057:selom 2049:volim 2031:jezik 2027:jazik 2017:"zace 2009:"zač" 1956:D. B. 1864:Split 1856:Zadar 1829:Mljet 1778:Mljet 1733:] 1711:] 1651:Ozalj 1432:] 1333:) in 722:Banat 454:Užice 435:Šokac 214:Buzet 6526:Rani 6484:Lach 5722:Gora 5673:Gora 4807:ISBN 4761:ISBN 4714:ISBN 4652:ISBN 4609:ISBN 4577:ISBN 4529:ISBN 4216:2021 4130:2023 4065:2023 4023:2023 3989:2023 3879:2023 3840:2023 3809:2023 3775:2023 3729:2023 3671:2023 3614:2023 3434:2023 3279:2023 3212:2023 3178:2023 3144:2015 3119:2015 3012:and 3008:and 2478:and 2476:d, l 2470:and 2456:and 2439:zace 2437:and 2433:(or 2429:and 2357:and 2343:Hvar 2339:Brač 2250:Cres 2232:and 2042:međa 2038:meja 2013:"ca" 2005:"ča" 1876:Omiš 1874:and 1841:Brač 1839:and 1837:Hvar 1831:and 1815:and 1766:Kupa 1684:and 1657:and 1614:and 1537:and 1497:and 1390:and 1245:and 4893:: " 4109:doi 3084:at 3014:Krk 2545:će- 2541:bi- 2537:se- 2509:Yat 2499:oa, 2495:uo, 2431:zac 2347:Vis 2287:Pag 2283:Rab 2279:Krk 2190:yat 2113:yat 2080:bis 2065:san 2053:sam 2019:"); 2015:or 2007:or 1995:). 1735:). 1576:'s 1493:by 1412:ckm 1325:'s 1253:" ( 1214:as 1190:of 1160:or 1059:or 698:Old 299:IPA 261:ckm 6984:: 5753:*ě 5133:, 5119:, 5105:, 4853:, 4759:. 4737:44 4678:15 4607:. 4571:, 4552:46 4460:^ 4405:^ 4330:^ 4253:^ 4236:^ 4202:. 4167:^ 4138:^ 4117:. 4105:16 4099:. 4085:^ 4055:. 4009:. 3975:. 3956:. 3832:45 3801:45 3783:^ 3767:17 3737:^ 3703:^ 3687:. 3645:^ 3637:67 3604:. 3580:^ 3505:^ 3442:^ 3426:14 3403:^ 3388:^ 3310:^ 3300:. 3281:. 3265:. 3249:^ 3224:^ 3214:. 3186:^ 3152:^ 3135:. 3110:. 2810:tʃ 2799:ts 2711:nj 2571:. 2503:ie 2486:). 2472:nj 2468:lj 2441:). 2435:ce 2427:ca 2394:, 2349:, 2345:, 2341:, 2337:, 2333:, 2313:, 2309:, 2305:, 2301:, 2289:, 2285:, 2281:, 2277:, 2273:, 2269:, 2248:, 2244:, 2240:, 2236:, 2208:) 2103:, 2099:, 2095:, 2078:, 2067:, 2063:, 1930:). 1922:, 1862:, 1858:, 1731:hr 1724:, 1720:, 1709:hr 1680:, 1618:. 1610:, 1533:, 1476:, 1472:, 1468:, 1430:hr 1382:, 1374:, 1289:, 1285:, 1261:" 1198:, 1194:, 1145:: 1141:, 1137:-/ 1122:/- 1118:, 1114:-/ 1108:tʃ 1101:, 1082:ɑː 1070:tʃ 512:)) 108:, 6970:. 6104:) 6100:( 6058:e 6051:t 6044:v 6018:) 5401:e 5394:t 5387:v 5172:e 5165:t 5158:v 4815:. 4784:5 4769:. 4722:. 4695:8 4680:. 4660:. 4617:. 4585:. 4537:. 4218:. 4132:. 4111:: 4067:. 4025:. 3991:. 3881:. 3842:. 3811:. 3777:. 3731:. 3697:. 3673:. 3616:. 3436:. 3398:. 3352:1 3180:. 3146:. 3121:. 2973:. 2942:r 2938:r 2920:j 2916:j 2911:l 2907:l 2902:v 2898:ʋ 2885:h 2880:x 2873:ž 2869:š 2865:ʒ 2861:ʃ 2856:z 2852:s 2848:z 2844:s 2838:f 2833:f 2815:č 2804:c 2785:g 2781:k 2777:ɡ 2773:k 2767:ć 2762:c 2755:d 2751:t 2747:d 2743:t 2738:b 2734:p 2730:b 2726:p 2707:ɲ 2700:n 2696:n 2691:m 2687:m 2631:) 2625:( 2620:) 2616:( 2552:( 2517:i 2513:y 2480:n 2464:đ 2458:z 2454:s 2450:ž 2446:š 2206:e 2071:. 1889:. 1878:. 1847:. 1134:v 1131:æ 1128:k 1125:ˈ 1111:ə 1105:/ 1097:/ 1094:n 1091:ə 1088:i 1085:v 1079:k 1076:ˈ 1073:æ 1067:/ 1063:( 1045:e 1038:t 1031:v 1015:. 785:) 762:( 700:) 696:( 665:) 656:( 582:) 554:( 535:) 526:( 484:( 473:) 469:( 413:( 389:) 385:( 319:. 112:) 104:( 68:) 64:( 54:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index