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844:(fuselage structure) which was suspended underneath large wings, and which had a steerable engine and propeller at the front. While these showed some promise, and kites were being used by the army, the concepts were being overtaken by other ideas, so the interest in kites only lasted from around 1908 to 1916, by when all kite equipment had been returned to Chalais-Meudon, never to be used again.
504:. Renard brought the structure to Chalais-Meudon for use as a balloon store and workshop. It was named Hangar Y (all buildings at the site were allocated a letter) and the building nearest to it, which was used for the production of hydrogen, was named Building Z. Hangar Y has dimensions of: length 70 m (230 ft), width 41 m (135 ft), height 26 m (85 ft).
25:
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922:, about 2.9 miles (4.7 km) to the north-east of Chalais-Meudon, taking some of the research activities with it, but retaining some activities at Chalais-Meudon. Its activities continued between the wars, but with only a small flying field available much of the aircraft testing was moved to the nearby
484:
This was a new development in the grounds of the château and on the edge of the forest of Meudon. It included a hexagonal lake, the Étang de
Chalais, hence the location was named Chalais-Meudon. A large series of buildings was planned. It included the Research Laboratory for Military Ballooning which
556:
before returning and landing safely at its takeoff point, a flight of about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) taking 23 minutes. This was the first ever fully controlled closed-circuit flight by a flying machine. It was propelled by an electric motor, but the batteries were so heavy that even the designers
992:
In 1919, Albert Caquot proposed the setting up of an aeronautical museum, and items were collected at Issy-les-Moulineaux and at
Chalais-Meudon, with many items preserved from the balloon, engine and aviation activities that had taken place at those locations. The items were soon gathered into the
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which, with the First
Balloon Company, was captured by Austrian troops in 1796, and is now on display at the Austrian Military Museum in Vienna - the oldest aircraft in Europe. They were all spherical hydrogen balloons with a diameter of at least 10 metres (33 ft). Conté himself had improved
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who had built two wind tunnels with great success in Paris in 1909 and 1912. Building started in 1932 and it was completed in 1934. It was capable of testing complete aircraft up to 12 m (39 ft 4 in) span. Built of reinforced concrete, it was powered by six fans of 1,000 hp
511:. Balloon parks were created, with steam winches used to move the balloons, and most of the components were built on site, including wicker baskets and hydrogen generators. Especially important at that time were the Caquot balloons, produced for all the allied countries. The designer,
808:
The army found that airships were becoming decreasingly useful during WWI, and on 1 January 1918 all airships were transferred to the navy. Construction and delivery of the CM series for the navy was completed, but CM.6 to CM.8 had also been ordered, but were not built.
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Hangar Y was designated a historic monument in 1982, but has fallen into disrepair. Some maintenance has taken place, and there are plans for it to be restored to become the
European Centre for Balloons and Airships and a cultural and education centre.
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had an increasing amount of space available, and the collection was gradually moved there. The process started in the early 1970s, and the new museum opened to the public in 1975. The
Chalais-Meudon museum was finally closed in 1981. Now renamed the
812:
The last airship to use Hangar Y was the
Voliris 900. This modern commercial airship, 31 metres (102 ft) long, was assembled, inflated and given a public presentation here in 2002. It was then dismantled and moved to
440:, was built within four months, and on 31 October 1794, the National School of Ballooning was created, with Conté as its director. Many other balloons were then built in a short period, including, in 1795,
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was a balloonist and engineer, who had been at
Chalais-Meudon since 1907 and was appointed head of the Military Aeronautical Laboratory. After that closed, he was appointed as the first director of the
891:. In 1910 the laboratory acquired around 20 aircraft and started training military pilots. More facilities for research and testing were installed, including test benches and wind tunnels.
876:. Tied to a central pole in a circular track it took off and flew for about 15 metres (49 ft) entirely under its own power - the first model aeroplane ever to do so.
933:, German researchers used the facilities, including the Great Wind Tunnel, for testing their own aircraft and interesting captured French designs such as the
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In 1929 Albert Caquot began planning for what was then the largest wind tunnel in the world. It was designed by
Antonin Lapresle, who was a colleague of
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airfield about 2.3 miles (3.7 km) to the south-west, and the rest of the aircraft testing, and some other research activities went to Issy.
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539:, which the building could also accommodate. This was therefore the world's first airship hangar, and one of very few that remain in Europe.
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balloon companies had already been created, and the new organisation's role was to build balloons and train their pilots and operators.
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The story of aviation at
Chalais-Meudon starts in October 1793 when the French Public Safety Committee ordered the construction of an
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From 1902 to 1905 Renard invited several aviation experimenters to have devices built or tested at
Chalais-Meudon. They included
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went on to plan the Chalais-Meudon wind tunnel and to propose the aviation museum (see below). Balloon production ended in 1918.
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and all the equipment was lost. The two balloon companies were disbanded soon afterwards, and work on balloons at Meudon ceased.
552:, one of France's most notable inventors. Its first flight was on 9 August 1884. Taking off from outside Hangar Y, it flew over
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473:, the Minister for War, who had himself escaped from Paris by balloon, created a commission of air communications, and Colonel
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to produce the SEA series of fighters. On 12 January 1918 Commander Caquot replaced Colonel Durand as director of the STAĂ©.
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recognised that it was, at the time, a dead end, and after a further six successful flights, its development was abandoned.
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481:(Central Establishment of Military Ballooning), and he created corps of balloonists, with a research centre at Meudon.
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833:(STAé) on 28 February 1916. This was still based at Chalais-Meudon, and he continued with one of his interests –
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972:(The Great Wind Tunnel), it has been used for testing cars and buildings, as well as aircraft including the
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After WWII the decision was made to move the crowded museum to larger premises. With the building of the
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Balloons continued to be developed and built here, with great expansion of balloon manufacturing during
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He had developed ever-larger kites, capable of supporting a man, and some were powered, with a
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1629:"One Hundred Years of Flight: USAF Chronology of Significant Air and Space Events 1903–2002"
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airship here. Many airships visited for demonstrations or testing, including those from the
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who was the Dorand's assistant at the STAĂ©, and Louis Coroller, formed a company, the
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were allocated for this work, with the Château de Meudon chosen as the centre, with
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One of the earliest experiments with aeroplanes at Chalais-Meudon was conducted by
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In 1877, balloons had regained their importance after their successful use in the
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balloon basket hangar at Chalais-Meudon, which opened to the public in 1921. The
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In 1946, the engine testing service moved back to Chalais-Meudon and became the
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was put in charge of military ballooning. In 1877, he became director of the
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965:(750 kW) each, and airspeeds could reach 180 km/h (110 mph).
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was the world's first aviation museum, and the collection constantly grew.
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who had a concept for a dirigible balloon in 1784. Neither project flew.
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Hangar Y was at first used for balloons, but Renard soon started work on
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and has played an important role in the development of French aviation.
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There was a lot of airship activity in the early 20th century. In 1901
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214:, one of the first observation balloons produced at Château de Meudon.
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Victor Tatin's model aeroplane, 1879. The fuselage was the air tank.
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in Paris in 1878 had a huge Great Gallery of Machines, designed by
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production methods for hydrogen and the treatment of the gas bags.
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may be in need of reorganization to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
1258:. Newton Abbott, UK: David & Charles Ltd. pp. 20c–21c.
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designed the motor and the gondola, hence the CB designation.
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984:. It closed in 1977 and is preserved as a historic monument.
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capable of carrying two observers. The old royal grounds at
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Balloons and Airships: A Tale of Lighter Than Air Aviation
1410:. Newton Abbot, UK: David & Charles Ltd. p. 115.
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Conducting a reconnaissance mission, the French (airship)
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Airships built by the Military Airship Factory 1912 - 1918
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Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches AĂ©rospatiales
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1164:"Meudon, de l'aérostation à l'aérospatial (in French)"
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is an aeronautical research and development centre in
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Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Air University Press
332:
Military aeronautical research and development centre
1446:"Fonds Emile Dorand (PDF in French with transcript)"
737:, after WWI moved to the USA but never flown there.
1162:Coët, Marie-Claire; Chanetz, Bruno (3 April 2008).
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French aeronautical research and development centre
872:of 1.9 m (6 ft 3 in), powered by a
560:Another airship was built here in 1895, named the
479:l'Etablissement Central de l'AĂ©rostation Militaire
405:. It was originally founded in 1793 in the nearby
454:sent one of the balloon companies in one ship to
1196:
1194:
531:airship above Hangar Y on its first flight, 1884
1202:"Hangar "Y" with airships - Meudon (in French)"
951:The Great Wind Tunnel at Chalais-Meudon in 2010
918:At the end of WWI the STAĂ© itself moved to the
1408:Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1909 (reprint)
1308:"French Airships / Dirigeable - The Great War"
1256:Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1919 (reprint)
86:to make improvements to the overall structure.
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485:became the Military Aeronautical Laboratory.
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1333:"Chalais-Meudon CM-5 Airship Engine Nacelle"
968:Named the S1Ch wind tunnel, and also called
779:Sold to the US Navy and completed after the
548:. In building it, Renard collaborated with
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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178:
1302:
1300:
1175:
1019:, it continues to thrive at Le Bourget.
388:2 buildings designated Historic Monuments
167:Learn how and when to remove this message
102:Learn how and when to remove this message
1550:"Presentation & History (in French)"
1524:"A century of wind tunnels since Eiffel"
1224:
1222:
1112:. UK: Chronicle Communications. p.
683:10,000 m (370,000 cu ft)
661:10,000 m (370,000 cu ft)
492:A Caquot balloon at Chalais-Meudon, 1918
144:of all important aspects of the article.
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817:for flight testing the following year.
770:7,400 m (260,000 cu ft)
748:5,400 m (190,000 cu ft)
724:8,800 m (312,000 cu ft)
702:5,500 m (194,000 cu ft)
635:6,500 m (230,000 cu ft)
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1035:In 1946, the STAĂ© was replaced by the
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140:Please consider expanding the lead to
1575:"The events that led to its creation"
942:Centre d'Essai des Moteurs et HĂ©lices
279:Chalais-Meudon (Paris and inner ring)
7:
1430:: CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors (
901:, developing a propeller named the
831:Service Technique de l'AĂ©ronautique
1598:Burton, Anthony (April 30, 2019).
1082:"Ballooning at Meudon (in French)"
783:. An engine survives in a museum.
542:The first airship to be built was
14:
34:This article has multiple issues.
1168:La Revue pour l'histoire du CNRS
897:worked at the laboratory during
589:was here in 1906–7, followed by
458:. It was sunk by the British at
282:Show map of Paris and inner ring
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1683:Military research installations
132:may be too short to adequately
42:or discuss these issues on the
1496:"Centre de Meudon (in French)"
912:Société d'Études Aéronautiques
864:who in 1879 developed a model
142:provide an accessible overview
1:
1703:1793 establishments in France
1668:Aerospace research institutes
1554:Musée de l’Air et de l’Espace
1016:Musée de l’Air et de l’Espace
773:80.0 m (262.5 ft)
1698:Aerospace museums in France
1719:
1688:Aviation history of France
1177:10.4000/histoire-cnrs.6292
1673:Aeronautics organizations
1031:Hangar Y interior in 2009
1002:Charles de Gaulle Airport
929:During the occupation of
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727:81 m (267 ft)
705:70 m (230 ft)
686:93 m (305 ft)
664:93 m (305 ft)
638:77 m (252 ft)
467:Siege of Paris (1870–71)
346:Ministry of Armed Forces
1498:. ONERA. Archived from
776:14 m (45 ft)
730:14 m (46 ft)
708:14 m (46 ft)
689:15 m (50 ft)
667:15 m (50 ft)
641:12 m (41 ft)
550:Arthur Constantin Krebs
436:The first balloon, the
401:, to the south-west of
1337:New England Air Museum
1280:"Lighter than Air A-Z"
1230:"Hangar Y (in French)"
1138:"Hangar Y (in French)"
1106:Gunston, Bill (1992).
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952:
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566:Jean Baptiste Meusnier
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1604:Pen & Sword Books
1406:Jane, Fred T (1969).
1109:Chronicle of Aviation
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874:compressed air engine
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797:aircraft to fly over
573:Alberto Santos-Dumont
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427:Nicolas-Jacques Conté
1645:on February 22, 2004
970:La Grande Soufflerie
498:Universal Exhibition
431:French Balloon Corps
313:48.80028°N 2.23583°E
974:Dassault Mirage III
920:Issy-les-Moulineaux
419:observation balloon
309: /
84:editing the article
1625:Haulman, Daniel L.
1619:- Total pages: 216
1312:GlobalSecurity.org
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1010:Le Bourget Airport
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615:Envelope capacity
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249:Show map of France
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1254:Grey, CJ (1969).
885:Ernest Archdeacon
793:became the first
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717:Capitaine Caussin
629:Fleurus I (CB.V)
429:as director. Two
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1693:Wind tunnels
1647:. Retrieved
1640:the original
1599:
1582:. Retrieved
1578:
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1553:
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1532:. Retrieved
1528:ResearchGate
1527:
1517:
1504:. Retrieved
1500:the original
1490:
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1474:
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1453:. Retrieved
1450:Docplayer.fr
1449:
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1389:. Retrieved
1385:
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1357:Haulman 2003
1352:
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931:World War II
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924:Villacoublay
917:
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895:Marcel Bloch
893:
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862:Victor Tatin
859:
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826:Émile Dorand
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733:Used by the
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674:Fleurus III
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554:Villacoublay
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438:Entreprenant
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385:Designations
372:Site history
362:Open to
211:
163:
150:October 2023
147:
131:
129:lead section
98:
92:October 2023
89:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
1417:7153 4649 0
1369:Burton 2019
1265:7153 4647 4
1206:Aerohistory
1086:Aerohistory
956:Wind Tunnel
935:Payen PA-22
907:Henry Potez
899:World War I
803:World War I
757:French Navy
652:Fleurus II
603:Data from
595:in 1908–9.
509:World War I
443:l’Intrépide
316: /
292:Coordinates
212:L'Intrépide
1662:Categories
1649:August 12,
1584:13 January
1559:13 January
1534:13 January
1506:13 January
1480:13 January
1455:11 January
1391:13 January
1342:14 January
1317:14 January
1289:14 January
1239:13 January
1211:13 January
1183:19 January
1147:13 January
1142:Structurae
1091:18 January
1051:References
1023:Modern use
905:and, with
715:T-2 CM.14
575:based his
304:02°14′09″E
301:48°48′01″N
39:improve it
1426:cite book
1382:"History"
1234:Meudon.fr
978:Caravelle
870:wing span
868:, with a
866:monoplane
781:Armistice
545:La France
529:La France
134:summarize
45:talk page
1627:(2003).
1284:All-Aero
982:Concorde
944:(CEMH).
856:Aircraft
755:Used by
654:Lorriane
583:. Their
577:Number 6
537:airships
519:Airships
452:Napoleon
450:In 1798
413:Balloons
352:Operator
196:in
1530:. ONERA
1386:Voliris
842:nacelle
801:during
799:Germany
791:Fleurus
745:1917-8
735:US Navy
676:Tunisie
618:Length
460:Aboukir
1610:
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1170:(20).
1120:
1006:Roissy
988:Museum
976:, the
903:Éclair
795:Allied
624:Notes
621:Width
586:Patrie
564:after
423:Meudon
399:Meudon
198:France
189:Meudon
1643:(PDF)
1632:(PDF)
1579:ONERA
1041:ONERA
835:kites
821:Kites
767:1918
764:CM.5
721:1917
699:1916
680:1916
658:1915
632:1912
612:Year
609:Name
456:Egypt
403:Paris
377:Built
356:ONERA
342:Owner
194:Paris
192:Near
1651:2024
1608:ISBN
1586:2020
1561:2020
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1482:2020
1457:2020
1432:link
1412:ISBN
1393:2020
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1149:2020
1118:ISBN
1093:2020
980:and
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
