908:
617:
1216:
2506:
2067:
354:
37:
50:
266:
990:
395:
317:
390:
373:
335:
299:
281:
1023:, often on sandy soils. Fruit bodies appear in Europe in late summer and autumn from August to November. The fungus is widespread across North America, fruiting from July to October in the eastern states and from September to January on the Pacific Coast. It is found in Mexico and Central America. In Asia, it has been collected from Pakistan,
831:
that is initially convex before flattening out in age. The cap surface can be furrowed; shiny when dry, it can be a little sticky when wet, and may crack with age. The colour of the pore surface ranges from yellowish to dark reddish brown in maturity. When bruised, the pore surface stains brown.
1227:
recommending it be used only to add its peppery flavour to other mushrooms. Some recommend that it be well-cooked before consumption to minimize the risk of gastric symptoms, but the peppery taste is lost with cooking, and even more so by reducing it to a powdered form.
1319:. In one collection, an "extremely high" level of the element was detectedâ1423 milligrams of antimony per kilogram of dried mushroom. In comparison, the antimony levels detected in other common terrestrial fungi from the same area, both
3251:
884: in) thick, and is either roughly the same width throughout its length, or slightly thicker near the base. The colour of the stem is similar to the cap, or lighter, and there is yellow
943:
emerge roughly parallel, like hairs, perpendicular to the cap surface. These hyphae are 10â17 ÎŒm wide and have elliptical to cylindrical cells at their ends that are not gelatinous.
935:
are fusiform, sometimes with a rounded tip, and have dimensions of 30â50 by 9â12 ÎŒm. Some are more or less hyaline, while others are encrusted with a golden pigment. The
2977:
961:
are similar, but can be distinguished by its flesh and pores staining blue after cutting or bruising. It has a less peppery taste. Another mild-tasting relative,
3029:
1870:
3116:
2876:
632:
551:
161:
3155:
2951:
2574:
Tedersoo L, May TW, Smith ME (2010). "Ectomycorrhizal lifestyle in fungi: Global diversity, distribution, and evolution of phylogenetic lineages".
265:
1288:. Chalciporone is responsible for the bitter taste of the fruit bodies. The pigments sclerocitrin, chalcitrin, and norbadione A are derived
2764:
2694:
2641:
2324:
2235:
2141:
2031:
2003:
1975:
1944:
1828:
1794:
1764:
1736:
1646:
1440:
1223:
This mushroom contains toxins, and is usually considered inedible. It has been used as a condiment in many countries, with the
Italian chef
1456:
3226:
2114:
907:
832:
Individual pores are angular, measuring about 0.5â2 mm wide, while the tubes are 3â10 mm deep. Slender for a bolete, the
616:
3211:
3241:
1336:
2710:
Winner M, Giménez A, Schmidt H, Sontag B, Steffan B, Steglich W (2004). "Unusual pulvinic acid dimers from the common fungi
3236:
3016:
2340:
Godbout C, Fortin JA (1985). "Synthesized ectomycorrhizae of aspen: Fungal genus level of structural characterization".
1696:
1463:
2455:"Natural C abundance reveals trophic status of fungi and host-origin of carbon in mycorrhizal fungi in mixed forests"
1358:
49:
2521:"C and N isotopic fractionation in trees, soils, and fungi in a natural forest stand and a Norway spruce plantation"
3034:
1191:
763:
a year later by Regis
Courtecuisse. Wolfgang Klofac and Irmgard Krisai-Greilhuber reclassified it as a variety of
2867:
3231:
3216:
2197:[Some allochthonous Agaricales s.l. associated with exotic trees cultivated in the X region of Chile].
957:
680:
439:
241:
2195:"Algunos agaricales s.l. aloctonos asociados a especies arbĂłreas exĂłticas cultivadas en la X regiĂłn de Chile"
3256:
3246:
1215:
1081:
688:
569:
448:
165:
2505:
2066:
1110:
3221:
2829:
2414:
Yamada A, Katsua K (1995). "Mycorrhizal associations of isolates from sporocarps and ectomycorrhizas with
2159:"Ectomycorrhizal fungi from southern Brazil â a literature-based review, their origin and potential hosts"
1064:
963:
973:
2780:
BoroviÄka J, Ćanda Z, JelĂnek E (2006). "Antimony content of macrofungi from clean and polluted areas".
1585:
1487:
Nuhn ME, Binder M, Taylor AF, Halling RE, Hibbett DS (2013). "Phylogenetic overview of the
Boletineae".
1142:
1053:
684:
650:
197:
144:
2254:
Dunk CW, Lebel T, Keane PJ (2012). "Characterisation of ectomycorrhizal formation by the exotic fungus
2520:
3206:
3183:
3147:
3044:
2943:
2912:
2789:
2583:
2535:
2466:
2380:
2271:
1662:
1256:
1887:
2625:
579:
3008:
1269:
1247:
2607:
2553:
2435:
2396:
2295:
1911:
1324:
1251:
1158:
1036:
1028:
640:
435:
174:
44:
2658:
1285:
1089:
occurs only in Europe, including
Austria, Czechia, Greece, Italy, and Spain. Also rare, variety
900:
is essentially identical to the main form except for its bright yellow tubes and pores. Variety
2982:
36:
3129:
3065:
2899:
2805:
2760:
2754:
2735:
2690:
2684:
2637:
2599:
2494:
2320:
2314:
2287:
2231:
2137:
2110:
2104:
2027:
1999:
1971:
1963:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1824:
1790:
1760:
1732:
1642:
1504:
1436:
1224:
1068:
828:
481:
304:
16:
Species of fungus in the family
Boletaceae found in mixed woodland in Europe and North America
3080:
3070:
2797:
2727:
2591:
2543:
2484:
2474:
2427:
2388:
2349:
2279:
2206:
2173:
1903:
1496:
1072:
1047:
1008:
occur singly, scattered, or in groups on the ground. The fungus occurs naturally in or near
944:
889:
833:
744:
728:
658:
604:
541:
537:
533:
340:
3052:
1467:
1292:
from xerocomic acid. Related compounds found in the fruit bodies include the chalciporone
1277:
1130:
892:
is yellow, sometimes with reddish tones, maturing to purplish brown. It has no odour. The
401:
784:
2793:
2587:
2539:
2470:
2384:
2275:
1394:(in French). Vol. 10. Paris: Chez l'auteur, Didot, Debure, Belin. Pl. 451; fig. II.
3142:
2938:
1674:
1281:
1273:
1260:), is the major contributor to the yellow colour of the mycelium and the stipe base of
1168:
1115:
989:
931:(translucent), four-spored, and narrowly club-shaped, with many internal oil droplets.
791:. Authorities disagree as to whether or not it has independent taxonomic significance.
700:
587:
91:
2801:
2686:
A Colour Atlas of
Poisonous Fungi: A Handbook for Pharmacists, Doctors, and Biologists
3200:
3121:
2881:
2489:
2454:
1701:(Quél.) Bataille, Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle du Doubs, 15: 39, 1908"
1363:(Bull.) Bataille, Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle du Doubs, 15: 39, 1908"
1312:
1163:
1032:
621:
81:
2557:
2439:
2299:
2211:
2194:
1299:
A field study of fungi growing in polluted sites in
Czechia and Slovakia found that
767:
in 2006, although some sources continue to regard it as a distinct species. Variety
3134:
2611:
2400:
2178:
1389:
1289:
1265:
1232:
916:
788:
692:
2904:
1405:
Bataille F. (1908). "Quelques champignons intéressants des environs de Besançon".
3107:
2131:
1784:
1500:
3021:
3003:
2964:
2861:
2633:
1264:
fruit bodies. Other compounds that have been isolated from this species include
1059:
1024:
936:
893:
722:
711:
672:
574:
453:
434:
found in mixed woodland in Europe and North
America. It has been recorded under
360:
229:
121:
2048:
2595:
2283:
1173:
1009:
920:
737:
733:
599:
583:
431:
111:
2852:
2548:
2925:
2479:
1134:
591:
380:
101:
61:
2809:
2739:
2731:
2603:
2498:
2291:
2158:
1508:
2392:
1093:
is widespread in
European coniferous forests, where it usually found near
919:
are smooth, narrowly fusiform (fuse-shaped), and measure 7â12 by 3â5
3168:
3101:
3057:
2990:
2891:
2846:
1366:
1320:
1316:
1304:
1203:
and is thought to be a parasite as well, strengthening the evidence that
1119:
1076:
1020:
932:
885:
645:
443:
427:
322:
290:
271:
209:
3160:
2956:
2431:
1915:
1236:
1123:
928:
924:
667:
560:
2969:
1789:. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, OR: Timber Press. p. 220.
1079:
and
Victoria, having been found growing with the native myrtle beech (
594:
that occurs between a fungus and the roots of various plant species),
3173:
2995:
2367:
Kasuya MC, Igarashi T (1996). "In vitro ectomycorrhizal formation in
1293:
1098:
71:
2823:
2630:
North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi
2353:
1907:
1353:
1351:
2930:
1141:
has not been confirmed as such in multiple synthesis studies or in
1214:
1196:
1013:
988:
940:
906:
707:
615:
904:
has pinker pores and a taste that is bitter rather than peppery.
1308:
1094:
1075:
of Chile. It has also spread into native forest in northeastern
2917:
2827:
1433:
Fungi of Northern Europe 1: Larger Fungi (Excluding Gill-Fungi)
1118:
that is only known to infect this bolete. Infections result in
1102:
1017:
484:
with cinnamon to brown pores underneath, and a 4â9.5 cm (
1071:
states in southern Brazil, and under introduced trees in the
1045:
grows in conifer plantations associated with the fly agaric (
558:, it is only distantly related to other members of the genus
2157:
Sulzbacher MA, Grebenc T, Jacques RJ, Antoniolli ZI (2013).
1031:(China). In South Africa, it is known from the southwestern
582:
in the Boletaceae and appears to be related to boletes with
927:(spore-bearing cells) measure 20â28 by 6â8 ÎŒm and are
759:
by Czech mycologist Josef Ć utara in 1993, and was moved to
2080:
Shajahan M, Samajpati N (1995). "Ectomycorrhizal fungi of
1239:
used, yellow, orange, or greenish-brown dyes can be made.
939:
is a trichodermium, an arrangement in which the outermost
2659:"The Boletes of California (online edition) (originally
1855:(in Italian). Saronno: Biella Giovanna. pp. 402â04.
1254:
compound originally isolated from the common earthball (
1057:). It has been recorded under introduced loblolly pine (
971:, including completely red tubes. One European species,
2453:
Högberg P, Plamboeck AH, Taylor AF, Fransson P (1999).
1935:. Ottawa: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada. p.
1875:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. p. 295.
1457:"List of recommended English Names for Fungi in the UK"
732:
form a group of fungi that is an early offshoot in the
2657:
Thiers HD. (1998) . Wood M, Steven F, Boom M (eds.).
1823:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 343.
1122:
mushroom tissue and the production of copious yellow
3252:
Taxa named by Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard
2661:
California Mushrooms -- A Field Guide to the Boletes
2519:
Zeller B, Brechet C, Maurice JP, Le Tacon F (2007).
2228:
Rainforest Fungi of Tasmania and Southeast Australia
2109:. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 479.
2049:"Newly recorded species of Boletaceae from Pakistan"
1731:. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. p. 173.
1407:
Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle du Doubs
981:, but has red pores and a stem covered in red dots.
547:, found only in Europe, has yellow pores and tubes.
3091:
2836:
2106:
The Macrofungus Flora of China's Guangdong Province
779:by Bataille in 1908, was described as a variety of
683:, 1909). It was reclassified and given its current
387:
370:
350:
332:
314:
296:
278:
259:
2024:National Audubon Society Field Guide to Mushrooms
1958:
1956:
1703:. MycoBank. International Mycological Association
2569:
2567:
1750:
1748:
1722:
1720:
1718:
2459:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2017:
2015:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
643:history, it has been transferred to the genera
2319:. ZĂŒrich: John Wiley & Sons. p. 130.
1617:
1615:
626:Coloured Figures of English Fungi or Mushrooms
1864:
1862:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1520:
1518:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1108:Fruit bodies can be parasitised by the mould
955:The fruit body of the North American species
8:
2249:
2247:
2136:. Cape Town: Struik Publishers. p. 89.
1989:
1987:
1296:isochalciporone and dehydroisochalciporone.
1727:Bessette AE, Roody WC, Bessette AR (2000).
1482:
1480:
1435:. Harmondsworth: Penguin. pp. 106â07.
2824:
2689:. London: Manson Publishing. p. 168.
2026:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 571.
1641:(in Czech). Prague: Academia. p. 92.
1624:HĆibovitĂ© houby. Äeled' Boletaceae a rody
35:
24:
2547:
2488:
2478:
2210:
2177:
1602:Ăsterreichische Zeitschrift fĂŒr Pilzkunde
736:. Many members of the group appear to be
2193:Valenzuela E, Esteve-Raventos F (2013).
2133:Field Guide Mushrooms of Southern Africa
2130:Van der Westhuizen GC, Eicker A (1994).
1932:Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms of Canada
1207:and its relatives may be mycoparasites.
1145:studies. There is some speculation that
2720:Angewandte Chemie International Edition
1671:(Quél.) Pilåt & Dermek,: 69 (1974)"
1560:Courtecuisse R. (1994). "Novitates 3".
1369:. International Mycological Association
1347:
1323:and ectomycorrhizal, were more than an
1149:is a mycoparasite on the mycorrhiza of
2759:. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 251.
1783:Trudell, Steve; Ammirati, Joe (2009).
1584:Klofac W, Krisai-Greilhuber I (2006).
1181:has since been observed fruiting near
256:
1778:
1776:
1537:, new species, a new bolete from the
586:properties. Previously thought to be
7:
3184:0048ac1a-be00-4532-a473-9ed4f9e43da9
3045:270cc411-7db0-488c-81fe-6b279af4c7a0
2103:Zhishu B, Zheng G, Taihui L (1993).
2086:Journal of Mycopathological Research
1622:Ć utara J, MikĆĄĂk M, Janda V (2009).
1137:with plants, like most Boletaceae),
1996:The Young Specialist looks at Fungi
1757:The Great Encyclopedia of Mushrooms
864: in) long by 0.6â1.2 cm (
540:has a very peppery taste. The rare
512: in) high by 0.6â1.2 cm (
1786:Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest
1311:dumps had the greatest ability to
803:has an orange-fawn 1.6â9 cm (
14:
2802:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.01.060
1970:. London: Quadrille. p. 34.
1759:. Cologne: Könemann. p. 24.
775:in 1883 and later transferred to
695:of the newly circumscribed genus
2504:
2065:
996:is suspected to be parasitic on
438:trees in Brazil, and has become
393:
388:
371:
352:
333:
315:
297:
279:
264:
48:
2212:10.22370/bolmicol.1999.14.0.941
1755:Lamaison JL, Polese JM (2005).
1303:fruit bodies growing near lead
771:, first published by Quélet as
714:known as the "peppery bolete".
2313:Toniolo C, BrĂŒckner H (2009).
1998:. London: Burke. p. 224.
1337:List of North American boletes
1284:, and another yellow pigment,
896:is brown to cinnamon. Variety
1:
2663:. New York, NY: Hafner Press"
2226:Fuhrer B, Robinson R (1992).
1529:, novĂœ hĆib ze skupiny druhu
1231:Fruit bodies can be used for
911:Spores are narrowly fusiform.
2756:Dictionary of Food Compounds
2683:Bresinsky A, Besl H (1989).
2230:. Collingwood: CSIRO Press.
1869:Smith AH, Thiers HD (1971).
1501:10.1016/j.funbio.2013.04.008
1431:Nilson S, Persson O (1977).
967:, has brighter colours than
947:are absent from the hyphae.
799:One of the smaller boletes,
755:was originally described as
1886:Baroni TJ, Both EE (1991).
1819:Roberts P, Evans S (2011).
1596:, a world-wide survey]
1590:, ein weltweiter Ăberblick"
1464:British Mycological Society
452:trees. A small bolete, the
272:Mycological characteristics
3273:
2628:; Miller, Hope H. (2006).
2342:Canadian Journal of Botany
2056:Pakistan Journal of Botany
2047:Razaq A, Shazad S (2013).
1968:The Complete Mushroom Book
1192:Buchwaldoboletus lignicola
598:is now suspected of being
2596:10.1007/s00572-009-0274-x
2284:10.1007/s00572-011-0388-9
2262:in Victoria, Australia".
977:, has a shape similar to
720:is a member of the genus
635:described the species as
180:
173:
150:
143:
45:Scientific classification
43:
34:
27:
3227:Fungi of Central America
2528:Annals of Forest Science
2179:10.5943/mycosphere/4/1/5
2084:G.f. from West Bengal".
1890:Chalciporus piperatoides
1157:is thought to have been
1129:Initially thought to be
985:Distribution and habitat
958:Chalciporus piperatoides
836:measures 4â9.5 cm (
681:William Alphonso Murrill
564:and was reclassified as
446:and spread under native
422:, commonly known as the
3212:Fungi described in 1790
2714:(common earthball) and
2480:10.1073/pnas.96.15.8534
2260:Nothofagus cunninghamii
1872:The Boletes of Michigan
1114:, a highly specialised
1082:Nothofagus cunninghamii
1051:) and the chanterelle (
726:, with which the genus
578:was an early branching
449:Nothofagus cunninghamii
3242:Fungi of South America
2732:10.1002/anie.200352529
2549:10.1051/forest:2007019
1729:North American Boletes
1562:Documents Mycologiques
1466:. 2003. Archived from
1220:
1001:
912:
801:Chalciporus piperatus
628:
592:symbiotic relationship
480: in) orange-fawn
2868:Chalciporus piperatus
2838:Chalciporus piperatus
2716:Chalciporus piperatus
2393:10.1007/s005720050146
1699:Chalciporus amarellus
1665:Chalciporus piperatus
1361:Chalciporus piperatus
1218:
1143:isotope fractionation
1111:Sepedonium chalcipori
1054:Cantharellus cibarius
1043:Chalciporus piperatus
1006:Chalciporus piperatus
994:Chalciporus piperatus
992:
910:
749:Chalciporus piperatus
747:have been described.
718:Chalciporus piperatus
651:Samuel Frederick Gray
619:
566:Chalciporus piperatus
456:has a 1.6â9 cm (
419:Chalciporus piperatus
261:Chalciporus piperatus
154:Chalciporus piperatus
29:Chalciporus piperatus
3237:Fungi of New Zealand
2712:Scleroderma citrinum
2626:Miller Jr., Orson K.
2022:Lincoff GH. (2000).
1844:Alessio CL. (1985).
1535:Boletus hypochryseus
1527:Boletus hypochryseus
1413:: 23â61 (see p. 39).
1391:Herbier de la France
1388:Bulliard F. (1790).
1257:Scleroderma citrinum
1085:). The rare variety
757:Boletus hypochryseus
691:when he made it the
237:Ceriomyces piperatus
220:(Bull.) Quél. (1888)
205:Viscipellis piperata
2794:2006Chmsp..64.1837B
2718:(peppery bolete)".
2588:2010Mycor..20..217T
2540:2007AnFSc..64..419Z
2471:1999PNAS...96.8534H
2385:1996Mycor...6..451K
2276:2012Mycor..22..135D
1929:Groves JW. (1979).
1677:. CAB International
1525:Ć utara J. (1993). "
1235:; depending on the
1171:jump to the native
706:means "peppery" in
612:Taxonomy and naming
572:in 1908. The genus
426:, is a small pored
2753:Yannai S. (2013).
2432:10.1007/BF02268607
2199:BoletĂn MicolĂłgico
1325:order of magnitude
1221:
1153:. In New Zealand,
1037:Transvaal Province
1029:Guangdong Province
1002:
964:C. rubinellus
913:
631:French mycologist
629:
217:Ixocomus piperatus
193:Leccinum piperatum
3194:
3193:
3093:Boletus piperatus
3066:Open Tree of Life
2830:Taxon identifiers
2766:978-1-4200-8351-4
2696:978-0-7234-1576-3
2643:978-0-7627-3109-1
2326:978-3-906390-52-9
2237:978-0-643-05311-3
2143:978-1-86825-507-8
2033:978-0-394-51992-0
2005:978-0-222-79409-3
1977:978-1-84400-040-1
1946:978-0-660-10136-1
1892:in North America"
1830:978-0-226-72117-0
1821:The Book of Fungi
1796:978-0-88192-935-5
1766:978-3-8331-1239-3
1738:978-0-8156-0588-1
1648:978-80-200-1717-8
1539:Boletus piperatus
1531:Boletus piperatus
1442:978-0-14-063005-3
1301:C. piperatus
1266:norbadione A
1262:C. piperatus
1225:Antonio Carluccio
1205:C. piperatus
1201:C. piperatus
1179:C. piperatus
1167:, and has made a
1147:C. piperatus
1139:C. piperatus
1063:) plantations in
979:C. piperatus
969:C. piperatus
945:Clamp connections
888:at the base. The
781:C. piperatus
773:Boletus amarellus
765:C. piperatus
689:Frédéric Bataille
637:Boletus piperatus
596:C. piperatus
570:Frédéric Bataille
556:Boletus piperatus
413:
412:
254:Species of fungus
252:
251:
245:
233:
225:Suillus piperatus
221:
213:
201:
189:
185:Boletus piperatus
136:C. piperatus
3264:
3187:
3186:
3177:
3176:
3164:
3163:
3151:
3150:
3138:
3137:
3125:
3124:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3084:
3083:
3074:
3073:
3061:
3060:
3048:
3047:
3038:
3037:
3025:
3024:
3022:BMSSYS0000003704
3012:
3011:
2999:
2998:
2986:
2985:
2973:
2972:
2960:
2959:
2947:
2946:
2934:
2933:
2921:
2920:
2908:
2907:
2895:
2894:
2885:
2884:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2825:
2814:
2813:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2632:. Guilford, CN:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2571:
2562:
2561:
2551:
2525:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2502:
2492:
2482:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2416:Pinus densiflora
2411:
2405:
2404:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2256:Amanita muscaria
2251:
2242:
2241:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2163:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2063:
2053:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2019:
2010:
2009:
1994:Haas H. (1969).
1991:
1982:
1981:
1960:
1951:
1950:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1866:
1857:
1856:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1816:
1801:
1800:
1780:
1771:
1770:
1752:
1743:
1742:
1724:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1619:
1610:
1609:
1599:
1581:
1570:
1569:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1495:(7â8): 479â511.
1484:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1461:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1428:
1415:
1414:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1355:
1307:and on mine and
1290:biosynthetically
1219:In cross-section
1187:A. muscaria
1155:A. muscaria
1151:Amanita muscaria
1101:, and sometimes
1073:Los Lagos Region
1048:Amanita muscaria
1035:and the eastern
1004:Fruit bodies of
998:Amanita muscaria
883:
882:
878:
873:
872:
868:
863:
862:
858:
855:
849:
848:
844:
841:
826:
825:
821:
818:
812:
811:
807:
729:Buchwaldoboletus
687:name in 1908 by
665:(Quélet, 1888),
639:in 1790. In its
605:Amanita muscaria
532: in) thick
531:
530:
526:
521:
520:
516:
511:
510:
506:
503:
497:
496:
492:
489:
479:
478:
474:
471:
465:
464:
460:
397:
396:
392:
391:
375:
374:
356:
355:
337:
336:
319:
318:
301:
300:
283:
282:
268:
257:
239:
227:
219:
207:
195:
187:
156:
53:
52:
39:
25:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3232:Fungi of Europe
3217:Fungi of Africa
3197:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3182:
3180:
3172:
3167:
3159:
3154:
3146:
3141:
3133:
3128:
3120:
3115:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3087:
3079:
3077:
3069:
3064:
3056:
3053:Observation.org
3051:
3043:
3041:
3033:
3028:
3020:
3015:
3007:
3002:
2994:
2989:
2981:
2976:
2968:
2963:
2955:
2950:
2942:
2937:
2929:
2924:
2916:
2911:
2903:
2898:
2890:
2888:
2880:
2875:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2832:
2822:
2817:
2788:(11): 1837â44.
2779:
2778:
2774:
2767:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2726:(14): 1883â86.
2709:
2708:
2704:
2697:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2665:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2644:
2636:. p. 385.
2624:
2623:
2619:
2573:
2572:
2565:
2523:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2503:
2465:(15): 8534â39.
2452:
2451:
2447:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2354:10.1139/b85-029
2339:
2338:
2334:
2327:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2253:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2161:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2144:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2064:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1993:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1962:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1908:10.2307/3760211
1885:
1884:
1880:
1868:
1867:
1860:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1818:
1817:
1804:
1797:
1782:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1726:
1725:
1716:
1706:
1704:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1680:
1678:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1621:
1620:
1613:
1597:
1592:[The genus
1583:
1582:
1573:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1543:ÄeskĂĄ Mykologie
1524:
1523:
1516:
1486:
1485:
1478:
1470:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1430:
1429:
1418:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1345:
1333:
1278:variegatic acid
1245:
1233:mushroom dyeing
1213:
1195:is in the same
1189:associations.
1131:ectomycorrhizal
987:
974:C. rubinus
953:
951:Similar species
880:
876:
875:
870:
866:
865:
860:
856:
853:
851:
846:
842:
839:
837:
823:
819:
816:
814:
809:
805:
804:
797:
633:Pierre Bulliard
614:
588:ectomycorrhizal
552:Pierre Bulliard
528:
524:
523:
518:
514:
513:
508:
504:
501:
499:
494:
490:
487:
485:
476:
472:
469:
467:
462:
458:
457:
415:
414:
394:
389:
372:
357:
353:
334:
316:
298:
280:
274:
269:
255:
248:
169:
158:
152:
139:
47:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3270:
3268:
3260:
3259:
3257:Fungus species
3254:
3249:
3247:Inedible fungi
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3199:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3178:
3165:
3152:
3139:
3126:
3113:
3097:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3075:
3062:
3049:
3039:
3026:
3013:
3000:
2987:
2974:
2961:
2948:
2935:
2922:
2909:
2896:
2886:
2873:
2858:
2842:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2821:
2820:External links
2818:
2816:
2815:
2772:
2765:
2745:
2702:
2695:
2675:
2649:
2642:
2617:
2563:
2511:
2445:
2406:
2369:Piceae glehnii
2359:
2332:
2325:
2305:
2243:
2236:
2218:
2205:(1/2): 73â81.
2201:(in Spanish).
2185:
2149:
2142:
2122:
2115:
2095:
2082:Shorea robusta
2072:
2039:
2032:
2011:
2004:
1983:
1976:
1952:
1945:
1921:
1878:
1858:
1836:
1829:
1802:
1795:
1772:
1765:
1744:
1737:
1714:
1688:
1675:Index Fungorum
1654:
1647:
1611:
1571:
1552:
1549:(3â4): 203â08.
1514:
1489:Fungal Biology
1476:
1473:on 2011-07-16.
1448:
1441:
1416:
1397:
1380:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1332:
1329:
1282:variegatorubin
1274:xerocomic acid
1244:
1241:
1212:
1209:
1065:Santa Catarina
986:
983:
952:
949:
796:
793:
613:
610:
430:of the family
424:peppery bolete
411:
410:
398:
385:
384:
376:
368:
367:
358:
351:
348:
347:
338:
330:
329:
320:
312:
311:
302:
294:
293:
284:
276:
275:
270:
263:
253:
250:
249:
247:
246:
234:
222:
214:
202:
190:
181:
178:
177:
171:
170:
159:
148:
147:
141:
140:
133:
131:
127:
126:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
92:Agaricomycetes
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
59:
55:
54:
41:
40:
32:
31:
21:
20:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3269:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3222:Fungi of Asia
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3185:
3179:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3109:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3082:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2883:
2878:
2874:
2869:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2826:
2819:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2776:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2749:
2746:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2706:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2679:
2676:
2664:
2662:
2653:
2650:
2645:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2582:(4): 217â63.
2581:
2577:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2534:(4): 419â29.
2533:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2512:
2507:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2449:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2426:(3): 315â23.
2425:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2379:(5): 451â54.
2378:
2374:
2370:
2363:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2348:(2): 252â62.
2347:
2343:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2316:Peptaibiotics
2309:
2306:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2270:(2): 135â47.
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2233:
2229:
2222:
2219:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2186:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2150:
2145:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2126:
2123:
2118:
2116:962-201-556-5
2112:
2108:
2107:
2099:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2073:
2068:
2062:(3): 1473â76.
2061:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2040:
2035:
2029:
2025:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1925:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1902:(5): 559â64.
1901:
1897:
1893:
1891:
1882:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1849:Dill. ex L. (
1846:
1840:
1837:
1832:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1702:
1700:
1692:
1689:
1676:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1658:
1655:
1650:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1604:(in German).
1603:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1586:"Die Gattung
1580:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1564:(in French).
1563:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1469:
1465:
1458:
1452:
1449:
1444:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1409:(in French).
1408:
1401:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1384:
1381:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1313:bioaccumulate
1310:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1217:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1164:Pinus radiata
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1033:Cape Province
1030:
1027:(India), and
1026:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
999:
995:
991:
984:
982:
980:
976:
975:
970:
966:
965:
960:
959:
950:
948:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
909:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
835:
830:
802:
794:
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
741:
739:
735:
731:
730:
725:
724:
719:
715:
713:
709:
705:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
675:, 1898), and
674:
670:
669:
664:
660:
659:Lucien Quélet
656:
652:
648:
647:
642:
638:
634:
627:
623:
622:James Sowerby
618:
611:
609:
607:
606:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
576:
571:
567:
563:
562:
557:
553:
550:Described by
548:
546:
543:
539:
535:
483:
455:
451:
450:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
420:
409:
405:
404:
400:Edibility is
399:
386:
383:
382:
377:
369:
366:
362:
359:
349:
346:
342:
339:
331:
328:
324:
321:
313:
310:
306:
303:
295:
292:
288:
285:
277:
273:
267:
262:
258:
243:
238:
235:
231:
226:
223:
218:
215:
211:
206:
203:
199:
194:
191:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
172:
167:
163:
157:
155:
149:
146:
145:Binomial name
142:
138:
137:
132:
129:
128:
125:
124:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
82:Basidiomycota
80:
77:
76:
73:
70:
67:
66:
63:
60:
57:
56:
51:
46:
42:
38:
33:
30:
26:
23:
19:
3092:
2837:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2755:
2748:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2685:
2678:
2668:25 September
2666:. Retrieved
2660:
2652:
2629:
2620:
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1964:Carluccio A.
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1432:
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1383:
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1360:
1315:the element
1300:
1298:
1270:chalciporone
1261:
1255:
1248:Sclerocitrin
1246:
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898:hypochryseus
897:
800:
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789:Aurel Dermek
785:Albert PilĂĄt
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
753:hypochryseus
752:
748:
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676:
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188:Bull. (1790)
184:
153:
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134:
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3207:Chalciporus
3004:NatureServe
2965:iNaturalist
2862:Wikispecies
2782:Chemosphere
2634:FalconGuide
2420:Mycoscience
1594:Chalciporus
1588:Chalciporus
1185:trees with
1060:Pinus taeda
1025:West Bengal
1000:(pictured).
937:cap cuticle
894:spore print
795:Description
783:in 1974 by
777:Chalciporus
761:Chalciporus
723:Chalciporus
697:Chalciporus
673:Otto Kuntze
655:Viscipellis
575:Chalciporus
554:in 1790 as
440:naturalised
378:Ecology is
361:Spore print
123:Chalciporus
3201:Categories
2576:Mycorrhiza
2373:Mycorrhiza
2264:Mycorrhiza
2166:Mycosphere
1851:sensu lato
1343:References
1286:chalcitrin
1183:Nothofagus
1174:Nothofagus
1159:introduced
1010:coniferous
827: in)
734:Boletaceae
677:Ceriomyces
454:fruit body
436:introduced
432:Boletaceae
112:Boletaceae
78:Division:
3108:Q64785595
1896:Mycologia
1669:amarellus
1634:Boletinus
1630:Gyroporus
1608:: 31â65 .
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1327:smaller.
1243:Chemistry
1135:symbiotic
1091:amarellus
1021:woodlands
902:amarellus
769:amarellus
745:varieties
738:parasitic
704:piperatus
661:, 1886),
653:, 1821),
641:taxonomic
600:parasitic
584:parasitic
381:parasitic
130:Species:
102:Boletales
68:Kingdom:
62:Eukaryota
3169:MycoBank
3143:Fungorum
3122:60026361
3117:AusFungi
3102:Wikidata
3009:2.878683
2991:MycoBank
2983:10693469
2939:Fungorum
2889:BioLib:
2882:60026360
2877:AusFungi
2847:Wikidata
2810:16529796
2740:15054803
2604:20191371
2558:24808682
2499:10411910
2440:85345947
2300:14556973
2292:21573836
1966:(2003).
1509:23931115
1367:MycoBank
1331:See also
1321:saprobic
1317:antimony
1305:smelters
1120:necrotic
1077:Tasmania
933:Cystidia
886:mycelium
712:commonly
710:. It is
685:binomial
663:Ixocomus
646:Leccinum
624:'s 1797
444:Tasmania
428:mushroom
408:inedible
323:Hymenium
291:hymenium
240:(Bull.)
230:O.Kuntze
228:(Bull.)
208:(Bull.)
196:(Bull.)
175:Synonyms
166:Bataille
108:Family:
58:Domain:
3161:5239741
3081:1314937
2957:2524878
2853:Q674065
2790:Bibcode
2612:3351967
2584:Bibcode
2536:Bibcode
2467:Bibcode
2401:2343650
2381:Bibcode
2272:Bibcode
1916:3760211
1847:Boletus
1638:Suillus
1626:Gyrodon
1533:" [
1294:isomers
1252:pigment
1237:mordant
1177:trees;
1124:conidia
929:hyaline
925:basidia
879:⁄
869:⁄
859:⁄
845:⁄
822:⁄
808:⁄
699:. The
668:Suillus
580:lineage
561:Boletus
542:variety
527:⁄
517:⁄
507:⁄
493:⁄
475:⁄
461:⁄
242:Murrill
118:Genus:
98:Order:
88:Class:
3181:NZOR:
3174:233815
3148:233815
3078:uBio:
3071:697640
3042:NZOR:
3035:145387
2996:311021
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1069:ParanĂĄ
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923:. The
917:spores
536:. The
403:edible
327:adnate
309:convex
244:(1909)
232:(1898)
212:(1886)
200:(1821)
168:(1908)
3135:68MVM
3058:15456
2978:IRMNG
2892:60147
2608:S2CID
2554:S2CID
2524:(PDF)
2490:17551
2436:S2CID
2397:S2CID
2296:S2CID
2258:with
2162:(PDF)
2052:(PDF)
1912:JSTOR
1667:var.
1598:(PDF)
1471:(PDF)
1460:(PDF)
1197:clade
1161:with
1095:pines
1014:beech
890:flesh
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751:var.
708:Latin
620:From
538:flesh
534:stipe
365:brown
341:Stipe
287:Pores
210:Quél.
162:Bull.
72:Fungi
3156:GBIF
3030:NCBI
2952:GBIF
2926:EPPO
2905:TFVH
2806:PMID
2761:ISBN
2736:PMID
2691:ISBN
2670:2013
2638:ISBN
2600:PMID
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2138:ISBN
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2000:ISBN
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915:The
787:and
743:Two
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198:Gray
3130:CoL
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