42:
31:
353:
200:
The chaldron was the legal limit for horse-drawn coal waggons travelling by road as it was considered that heavier loads would cause too much damage to the roadways. Railways had standard "chauldron waggons" which were about 10 ft (3.05 m) and around 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) high.
109:
Many attempts have been made to calculate the weight of a
Newcastle chaldron as used in medieval and early modern times. Coal industry historian John Nef has estimated that in 1421 it weighed 2,000 lb (907 kg), and that its weight was gradually increased by coal traders due to the taxes on
93:
The chaldron was used as the measure for coal from the 13th century, measuring by volume being much more practical than weighing low-value, high-bulk commodities like coal. It was not standardized, and there were many different regional chaldrons, the two most important being the
204:
The value of a chaldron of coal depended on the size of the lumps of coal and also their water content. Unscrupulous merchants would purchase their coal in lumps as large as possible then sell them in smaller sizes. This was abolished by the
1170:
367:
758:
1152:
396:
1706:
1109:
333:
287:
431:
751:
206:
170:
82:
78:
1145:
1104:
1711:
197:) in diameter". This approximated a weight in coal of around 28 long hundredweight or 3,140 lb or 1,420 kg.
1038:
389:
41:
1701:
744:
1732:
1138:
499:
1577:
901:
896:
1189:
525:
382:
1593:
886:
446:
1694:
1648:
1618:
515:
451:
95:
53:
by gravity. Note that the perspective of this photo makes the chaldron seem much larger than it is.
1689:
1679:
1094:
1054:
891:
720:
106:, and the London chaldron became the standard measure for coal in the east and south of England.
77:. It was used from the 13th century onwards, nominally until 1963, when it was abolished by the
1239:
1194:
1089:
685:
650:
629:
609:
329:
310:
283:
155:
1034:
834:
489:
478:
472:
362:
229:
1633:
1044:
715:
700:
645:
563:
462:
103:
34:
1663:
1638:
1598:
1531:
1490:
1440:
1161:
1007:
969:
959:
801:
705:
552:
457:
405:
374:
234:
162:
159:
110:
coal (which were charged per chaldron) until 1678, when its weight was fixed by law at
99:
98:
and London chaldrons. The
Newcastle chaldron was used to measure all coal shipped from
46:
1737:
1726:
1684:
1643:
1608:
1546:
1460:
1264:
1259:
976:
826:
665:
578:
357:
304:
244:
224:
136:
124:
70:
1623:
1541:
1526:
1521:
1506:
1465:
1430:
1404:
1295:
1249:
1234:
1099:
997:
927:
922:
879:
874:
843:
806:
695:
670:
614:
594:
436:
140:
128:
1658:
1613:
1536:
1511:
1445:
1435:
1384:
1310:
1300:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1084:
1022:
906:
710:
690:
619:
73:
of dry volume, mostly used for coal; the word itself is an obsolete spelling of
1628:
1603:
1572:
1389:
1379:
1353:
1348:
1338:
1333:
1229:
1049:
1017:
981:
811:
796:
725:
599:
588:
558:
546:
484:
249:
209:, which legislated that from January 1836 coal was only to be sold by weight.
194:
17:
1551:
1064:
964:
858:
839:
680:
655:
816:
30:
1556:
1470:
1374:
1012:
1002:
853:
675:
604:
583:
573:
535:
494:
467:
441:
420:
239:
144:
132:
74:
1653:
1244:
1059:
1029:
932:
786:
660:
624:
540:
530:
219:
1455:
1409:
1343:
1224:
1121:
848:
791:
568:
425:
151:
50:
736:
356: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1516:
1399:
1358:
173:
166:
40:
29:
1130:
1450:
1394:
1305:
1254:
1219:
1199:
1184:
190:
49:. The long brake lever is for control when running down to the
1134:
740:
378:
85:
specified that thenceforth coal could only be sold by weight.
368:
Cyclopædia, or an
Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences
37:'s pioneering locomotive pulling several chaldrons (1813).
150:
A London chaldron, on the other hand, was defined as "36
1672:
1586:
1565:
1499:
1483:
1418:
1367:
1326:
1319:
1273:
1177:
1077:
990:
952:
945:
915:
867:
825:
779:
772:
638:
508:
413:
81:, but in practice until the end of 1835, when the
371:(1st ed.). James and John Knapton, et al.
1146:
752:
390:
282:. Oxford University Press. pp. 559–560.
8:
306:A Philosophical and Mathematical Dictionary
1323:
1153:
1139:
1131:
949:
776:
759:
745:
737:
397:
383:
375:
273:
271:
328:. Oxford University Press. p. 289.
280:The history of the British coal industry
267:
324:William J. Ashworth, Charles (2003).
278:Ashworth, William; Mark Pegg (1986).
7:
154:heaped up, each bushel to contain a
1171:Comparison with US customary system
25:
135:), later increased in 1694 to 53
351:
432:British railway milk tank wagon
1707:Foot–pound–second system (FPS)
1:
207:Weights and Measures Act 1835
83:Weights and Measures Act 1835
79:Weights and Measures Act 1963
1712:Twenty-foot equivalent unit
1754:
365:, ed. (1728). "Chaldron".
1702:English Engineering units
1168:
1118:
1587:Other units and measures
303:Hutton, Charles (1815).
500:Wagon with opening roof
1578:Pounds per square inch
902:Bucket chain excavator
897:Bucket-wheel excavator
691:Revenue collection car
309:. the Author. p.
54:
38:
1190:Thousandth of an inch
639:Non-revenue equipment
526:Class U special wagon
408:freight rolling stock
44:
33:
1594:British thermal unit
1120:Part of a series on
887:Rocker Shovel Loader
625:Specialized flatcars
516:Bogie bolster wagon
452:Covered goods wagon
45:Chaldron waggon at
1680:Avoirdupois system
1055:Articulated hauler
892:Dragline excavator
721:Track geometry car
414:Enclosed equipment
326:Customs and Excise
137:long hundredweight
125:long hundredweight
55:
39:
1720:
1719:
1479:
1478:
1128:
1127:
1073:
1072:
941:
940:
734:
733:
686:Rail adhesion car
651:Ballast regulator
630:Transporter wagon
610:Rotary car dumper
363:Chambers, Ephraim
156:Winchester bushel
16:(Redirected from
1745:
1324:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1132:
1035:Material ropeway
950:
835:Blasting machine
777:
767:Mining equipment
761:
754:
747:
738:
536:Double-stack car
479:Refrigerated van
473:Refrigerator car
399:
392:
385:
376:
372:
355:
354:
340:
339:
321:
315:
314:
300:
294:
293:
275:
230:Decauville wagon
189:
188:
184:
181:
123:
122:
118:
115:
21:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1673:Related systems
1668:
1634:Horsepower-hour
1582:
1561:
1495:
1475:
1414:
1363:
1315:
1269:
1173:
1164:
1159:
1129:
1124:
1114:
1069:
1045:Conveyor bridge
986:
937:
911:
868:Heavy machinery
863:
821:
768:
765:
735:
730:
716:Tamping machine
701:Rotary snowplow
646:Ballast cleaner
634:
564:Kangourou wagon
521:Chauldron wagon
504:
463:Livestock wagon
409:
403:
361:
352:
344:
343:
336:
323:
322:
318:
302:
301:
297:
290:
277:
276:
269:
259:
254:
215:
186:
182:
179:
177:
120:
116:
113:
111:
91:
71:English measure
35:John Blenkinsop
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1751:
1749:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1733:Imperial units
1725:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1682:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1664:Spinning count
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1491:Miles per hour
1487:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1240:Gunter's chain
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:Imperial units
1160:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1090:Miner's helmet
1087:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
994:
992:
988:
987:
985:
984:
979:
974:
973:
972:
970:Winding engine
967:
956:
954:
947:
943:
942:
939:
938:
936:
935:
930:
925:
919:
917:
913:
912:
910:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
883:
882:
871:
869:
865:
864:
862:
861:
856:
851:
846:
837:
831:
829:
823:
822:
820:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
783:
781:
774:
770:
769:
766:
764:
763:
756:
749:
741:
732:
731:
729:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
706:Scale test car
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
642:
640:
636:
635:
633:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
550:
544:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
512:
510:
509:Open equipment
506:
505:
503:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
476:
470:
465:
460:
458:Covered hopper
455:
449:
447:Intermodal car
444:
439:
434:
429:
423:
417:
415:
411:
410:
406:Rail transport
404:
402:
401:
394:
387:
379:
349:
348:
342:
341:
334:
316:
295:
288:
266:
265:
264:
263:
258:
255:
253:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
216:
214:
211:
100:Northumberland
90:
87:
27:Unit of volume
26:
24:
18:Chaldron wagon
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1750:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1685:English units
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1644:Pound (force)
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1547:Hundredweight
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1441:Fluid Scruple
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1260:Nautical mile
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
999:
996:
995:
993:
989:
983:
980:
978:
975:
971:
968:
966:
963:
962:
961:
958:
957:
955:
951:
948:
944:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
920:
918:
914:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
881:
878:
877:
876:
873:
872:
870:
866:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
841:
838:
836:
833:
832:
830:
828:
824:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
784:
782:
778:
775:
771:
762:
757:
755:
750:
748:
743:
742:
739:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
666:Clearance car
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
643:
641:
637:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
579:Mineral wagon
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
511:
507:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
427:
424:
422:
419:
418:
416:
412:
407:
400:
395:
393:
388:
386:
381:
380:
377:
373:
370:
369:
364:
359:
358:public domain
346:
345:
337:
335:0-19-925921-6
331:
327:
320:
317:
312:
308:
307:
299:
296:
291:
289:0-19-828282-6
285:
281:
274:
272:
268:
261:
260:
256:
251:
248:
246:
245:Mineral wagon
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
225:Corf (mining)
223:
221:
218:
217:
212:
210:
208:
202:
198:
196:
192:
176:), and to be
175:
172:
168:
164:
161:
157:
153:
148:
146:
143:; 2,690
142:
138:
134:
131:; 2,670
130:
126:
107:
105:
101:
97:
88:
86:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
52:
48:
43:
36:
32:
19:
1624:Foot-poundal
1542:Long hundred
1522:Pound (mass)
1446:Fluid Drachm
1425:
1405:Trade gallon
1100:Carbide lamp
998:Mine railway
928:Gold panning
923:Fire-setting
880:Steam shovel
875:Power shovel
844:Blasting cap
807:Sledgehammer
696:Power shovel
615:Schnabel car
595:Pocket wagon
520:
437:Cattle wagon
366:
350:
325:
319:
305:
298:
279:
203:
199:
169:; 1.20
149:
139:(5,940
127:(5,880
108:
92:
66:
62:
58:
56:
1614:Foot-candle
1385:Fluid ounce
1311:Square mile
1291:Square yard
1286:Square foot
1281:Square inch
1105:Ventilation
1085:Safety lamp
1023:Slate wagon
907:Gold dredge
726:Work trains
711:Stoneblower
620:Slate wagon
165:(1.14
1727:Categories
1690:Winchester
1649:Pound-foot
1629:Horsepower
1619:Foot-pound
1604:Fahrenheit
1380:Tablespoon
1354:Cubic mile
1349:Cubic yard
1339:Cubic foot
1334:Cubic inch
1195:Barleycorn
1050:Haul truck
1018:Quarry tub
991:Horizontal
982:Man engine
812:Jackhammer
797:Hand steel
773:Excavation
600:Quarry tub
589:Open wagon
559:Hopper car
547:Flat wagon
485:RoadRailer
257:References
250:Quarry tub
193:(495
1695:Exchequer
1552:Ship load
1065:Reclaimer
965:Headframe
946:Transport
859:Gunpowder
840:Detonator
681:Excavator
656:Brake van
490:Stock car
96:Newcastle
69:) was an
63:chauldron
1566:Pressure
1471:Hogshead
1426:Chaldron
1375:Teaspoon
1095:Headlamp
1013:Pit pony
1008:Mine car
1003:Minecart
953:Vertical
854:Dynamite
827:Blasting
676:Crew car
605:Rollbock
584:Modalohr
574:Minecart
495:Tank car
468:Milk car
442:Coil car
421:Autorack
240:Minecart
235:Mine car
213:See also
160:imperial
75:cauldron
59:chaldron
1654:Poundal
1639:Kenning
1609:Rankine
1532:Quarter
1368:Cooking
1327:Derived
1245:Furlong
1060:Stacker
1039:Blondin
1030:Mantrip
933:Hushing
802:Crowbar
787:Pickaxe
661:Caboose
553:Gondola
541:Flatcar
531:Conflat
360::
347:Sources
220:Chalder
185:⁄
152:bushels
119:⁄
67:chalder
47:Beamish
1599:Degree
1512:Drachm
1461:Barrel
1456:Bushel
1410:Gallon
1344:Hoppus
1320:Volume
1265:League
1225:Fathom
1178:Length
1122:mining
1078:Safety
849:Dualin
817:Gezähe
792:Shovel
569:Lowmac
426:Boxcar
332:
286:
191:inches
158:and 1
104:Durham
61:(also
51:staith
1527:Stone
1517:Ounce
1507:Grain
1484:Speed
1466:Stuck
1431:Minim
1419:Other
1400:Quart
1359:Tmcft
1296:Perch
1250:Cable
1235:Chain
960:Hoist
916:Other
780:Tools
671:Crane
262:Notes
163:quart
1738:Coal
1659:Span
1537:Slug
1500:Mass
1451:Peck
1436:Gill
1395:Pint
1306:Acre
1301:Rood
1274:Area
1255:Mile
1220:Yard
1215:Foot
1210:Link
1205:Hand
1200:Inch
1185:Twip
1110:SCSR
977:Whim
591:(EU)
555:(US)
549:(EU)
543:(US)
481:(EU)
475:(US)
454:(EU)
428:(US)
330:ISBN
284:ISBN
102:and
89:Coal
1573:Ksi
1557:Ton
1390:Cup
1230:Rod
311:302
147:).
65:or
1729::
842:/
270:^
195:mm
178:19
174:qt
171:US
145:kg
141:lb
133:kg
129:lb
112:52
57:A
1154:e
1147:t
1140:v
1041:)
1037:(
760:e
753:t
746:v
398:e
391:t
384:v
338:.
313:.
292:.
187:2
183:1
180:+
167:L
121:2
117:1
114:+
20:)
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