60:
76:
208:
In March 1993, by a 3-2 vote, the
Alachua County Commission passed the ordinance adding sexual orientation as a protected category on the county level. In response, a local anti-gay group called Concerned Citizens of Alachua County gathered signatures to overturn the law by referendum. Two groups, No
229:
After the 2008 passage of
Gainesville's ordinance protecting transgender people from discrimination, the Group Citizens for Good Public Policy organized a campaign to remove both gender identity and sexual orientation from the charter citing fears that loose gender laws would make it easier for men
215:
At the same election, a county charter amendment forbidding any similar anti-discrimination ordinances in the future passed with 60% of the vote. Local activists challenged the ban in state court, with national legal organizations getting involved on both sides. In
November 1996, following the U.S.
204:
Going back to the early 1990s, the debate over LGBT rights in the area had been acrimonious. At a tumultuous June 1992 meeting culminating in the arrest of 15 protesters, the
Gainesville City Commission voted 3-2 to oppose a proposed Alachua County anti-discrimination ordinance in a resolution
200:
In
January 2008, the Gainesville City Commission narrowly voted to add gender identity to the list of protected groups in its city discrimination ordinance. Gainesville's discrimination ordinance forbids discrimination in access to public accommodation, housing, credit and employment for ten
170:'s city election on March 24, 2009. Titled the "Amendment to the City Charter Prohibiting the City from Providing Certain Civil Rights," the measure would remove the legal protections not explicitly covered under the Florida Civil Rights Act of 1992, specifically with reference to
225:
In 1998, after the makeup of the city commission changed following municipal elections, Gainesville city commissioners voted 3-1 to add sexual orientation to the city discrimination ordinance, a move which met with much less fervent opposition.
245:
Observers noted that the sides and issues involved the campaign resembled those in the 1994 vote, with one exception. The primary opposition arose from
Equality is Gainesville's Business, which was represented in court by the
284:
displayed a sign reading "No homo Mayor" before amending the statement to read "No homo." The sign was modified after warnings that adopting a political stance could cause them to lose their tax-exempt status.
1457:
181:
The amendment was a key issue of debate in the elections and attracted national attention to social controversies in
Gainesville, Florida that continued through the mayoral election in 2010.
238:
Both proponents and opponents of the measure had assistance from interest groups. The PAC Citizens for Good Public Policy supported the measure with legal representation from the
361:
1406:
1224:
302:
212:
After a contentious months-long campaign, the
Alachua County ordinance was overturned by citizen referendum in the fall elections of 1994 by a vote of 57% to 43%.
1326:
677:
650:
230:
to infiltrate bathrooms designated for women and girls. By July 2008, they had collected enough signatures to place a referendum on the 2009 city ballot.
443:
1273:
1353:
1467:
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551:
368:
1462:
1414:
1128:
1022:
222:, a judge threw out the amendment barring protection of gay people because it had no rational basis under the U.S. Constitution.
309:
277:
A runoff election resulted in Craig Lowe being narrowly elected
Gainesville's first openly gay mayor by a margin of 42 votes.
1447:
247:
1247:
270:
In 2010, Gainesville's mayoral race featured Don Marsh, a conservative who had vocally supported
Charter Amendment One, and
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421:
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281:
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996:
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758:
524:
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864:
470:
189:
812:
447:
335:
209:
On 1 and Just Vote No, arose to fight the referendum but were badly outspent by the Concerned Citizens group.
785:
394:
623:
1176:
259:
239:
497:
838:
1277:
167:
1299:
171:
1225:"TMLC to Act as Legal Counsel for "Citizens For Good Public Policy" in Gainesville, Florida"
274:, a city commissioner who had voted in favor of adding gender identity to the city charter.
1150:
175:
218:
731:
29:
Amendment to the City Charter Prohibiting the City from Providing Certain Civil Rights
1436:
251:
1379:
1075:
944:
704:
597:
570:
271:
163:
918:"National law firm joins group's fight over anti-gay rights amendment"
422:"City commission votes to make gender identity discrimination illegal"
205:
equating homosexuality with "pedophilia, bestiality and necrophilia."
255:
446:. City of Gainesville Office of Equal Opportunity. Archived from
185:
678:"As election nears, political battle over gay rights heats up"
280:
To express their opposition to Lowe's campaign, controversial
1049:"Gainesville takes first step for law to protect gay rights"
997:"Judge throws out amendment that bars laws protecting gays"
786:"A watershed vote on protections for gays in Gainesville"
308:. Alachua County Supervisor of Elections. Archived from
1407:"Church changes 'No homo Mayor' sign to read 'No homo'"
971:"Court throws out Colorado's anti-gay rights amendment"
1199:"Transgender issue divides Gainesville as vote nears"
1177:"Transgender-law challengers submit 8,600 signatures"
1023:"Lambda Defeats Antigay Amendment in Florida County"
839:"Alachua victory inspires anti-gay-rights coalition"
552:"Commission's decision greeted with elation, anger"
35:
1458:History of LGBTQ civil rights in the United States
1274:"Gainesville, Fla., anti-discrimination laws kept"
1055:. Associated Press. February 11, 1998. p. 7D
1003:. Associated Press. November 24, 1996. p. 4B
924:. Associated Press. February 20, 1995. p. 9D
845:. Associated Press. November 11, 1994. p. 6B
1354:"Lowe and behold! The next mayor of Gainesville"
1205:. Associated Press. January 10, 2009. p. 8B
813:"Gainesville takes gay rights law off the books"
471:"Gay-rights vote sparks skirmish in Gainesville"
303:"Official Results, Gainesville Regular Election"
192:which banned same-sex unions the previous year.
1076:"City Commission poised to discuss gay rights"
558:. p. 4A – via Google News Archive.
8:
811:Glass, Jon; Long, Phil (November 10, 1994).
21:
784:Glass, Jon; Long, Phil (November 9, 1994).
759:"Gainesville battles over gay rights issue"
598:"8,500 sign petitions to end gay ordinance"
188:rights in Florida following the passage of
571:"Deadline today for anti-gay petition bid"
525:"Gay rights advocates win bout in Alachua"
498:"Ku Klux Klan taunts gays at pride picnic"
1380:"Recount declares Lowe city's next mayor"
624:"Judge allows vote on anti-gay ordinance"
336:"Gainesville voters keep gay-rights law"
41:
1327:"Waiting for the News Media to Show Up"
1131:. The Gainesville Sun. January 29, 2008
294:
242:, a conservative Christian law group.
569:Morgan, Lawrence (November 22, 1993).
184:The amendment was viewed as a test of
152:Alachua County Supervisor of Elections
20:
1074:Bender, Rachael P. (April 20, 1998).
892:"Gay Rights Battle Flares in Florida"
890:Navarro, Mireya (December 12, 1994).
596:Jenness, Laurie (November 23, 1993).
7:
1157:. Associated Press. January 10, 2009
676:Shedden, Mary (September 22, 1994).
649:Shedden, Mary (September 27, 1994).
395:"Gays eye vote that imperils rights"
362:"Sample Ballot, City of Gainesville"
1129:"City passes transgender ordinance"
730:Burke, Patrick (February 8, 1994).
703:Burke, Patrick (February 7, 1994).
424:. The Independent Florida Alligator
1246:Cunningham, Ron (March 22, 2009).
1103:"City votes to include gay rights"
865:"A misguided majority (editorial)"
550:English, Antonya (April 1, 1993).
14:
1227:. Catholic Exchange. May 12, 2008
1151:"Foes Say Law Protects Predators"
1117:– via Google News Archive.
871:. November 11, 1994. p. 16A
692:– via Google News Archive.
665:– via Google News Archive.
651:"Group opposes ballot questions"
393:Kunerth, Jeff (March 24, 2009).
74:
58:
945:"Lawyer vows to help gay cause"
757:Long, Phil (October 25, 1994).
444:"City Discrimination Ordinance"
1468:LGBTQ law in the United States
1352:Smith, Chad (April 16, 2010).
977:. October 12, 1994. p. 4A
732:"County to vote on gay rights"
630:. October 13, 1994. p. 4B
342:. Associated Press. p. B4
248:American Civil Liberties Union
1:
1405:Smith, Chad (April 2, 2010).
1384:Independent Florida Alligator
1378:Pruner, CJ (April 19, 2010).
1248:"It's deja vu all over again"
1080:Independent Florida Alligator
949:Independent Florida Alligator
943:Hurtak, Lynn (June 6, 1995).
736:Independent Florida Alligator
709:Independent Florida Alligator
602:Independent Florida Alligator
575:Independent Florida Alligator
1101:Magrin, Jud (June 2, 1998).
523:Glass, Jon (April 1, 1993).
496:Glass, Jon (June 29, 1992).
334:Word, Ron (March 25, 2009).
1213:– via Newspapers.com.
1063:– via Newspapers.com.
1011:– via Newspapers.com.
985:– via Newspapers.com.
932:– via Newspapers.com.
879:– via Newspapers.com.
853:– via Newspapers.com.
827:– via Newspapers.com.
800:– via Newspapers.com.
773:– via Newspapers.com.
638:– via Newspapers.com.
539:– via Newspapers.com.
512:– via Newspapers.com.
485:– via Newspapers.com.
469:Glass, Jon (June 5, 1992).
409:– via Newspapers.com.
350:– via Newspapers.com.
262:, and other organizations.
1489:
1276:. Fox News. Archived from
282:Dove World Outreach Center
250:and received support from
216:Supreme Court's ruling in
149:
134:Registered voters/turnout
52:
49:
40:
26:
1463:LGBTQ history in Florida
1300:"Victory in Gainesville"
105:Invalid or blank votes
260:League of Women Voters
240:Thomas More Law Center
201:different categories.
1448:2009 in LGBTQ history
1179:. The Gainesville Sun
705:"The fight continues"
374:on September 27, 2011
315:on September 27, 2011
160:Charter Amendment One
1453:Gainesville, Florida
1203:St. Petersburg Times
869:St. Petersburg Times
843:St. Petersburg Times
628:Tallahassee Democrat
168:Gainesville, Florida
1473:Politics of Florida
1417:on January 11, 2012
1411:The Gainesville Sun
1358:The Gainesville Sun
1333:on January 14, 2012
1107:The Gainesville Sun
1029:. November 25, 1996
682:The Gainesville Sun
655:The Gainesville Sun
556:The Gainesville Sun
450:on October 11, 2011
266:Political Aftermath
190:Florida Amendment 2
23:
1155:The New York Times
420:Gallagher, Katie.
172:sexual orientation
162:was a citizen-led
1280:on March 26, 2009
1053:Naples Daily News
1001:Naples Daily News
684:. pp. 1B, 2B
401:. pp. C1, C4
157:
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145:
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1413:. Archived from
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1329:. Archived from
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1306:. March 26, 2009
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367:. Archived from
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922:Florida Today
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792:. p. 11A
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477:. p. 15A
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16:
1419:. Retrieved
1415:the original
1410:
1400:
1388:. Retrieved
1383:
1373:
1361:. Retrieved
1357:
1347:
1335:. Retrieved
1331:the original
1325:Marsh, Don.
1320:
1308:. Retrieved
1304:Lambda Legal
1303:
1294:
1282:. Retrieved
1278:the original
1267:
1255:. Retrieved
1251:
1241:
1229:. Retrieved
1219:
1207:. Retrieved
1202:
1193:
1181:. Retrieved
1171:
1159:. Retrieved
1154:
1145:
1133:. Retrieved
1123:
1111:. Retrieved
1106:
1096:
1084:. Retrieved
1079:
1069:
1057:. Retrieved
1052:
1043:
1031:. Retrieved
1027:Lambda Legal
1026:
1017:
1005:. Retrieved
1000:
991:
979:. Retrieved
975:Miami Herald
974:
965:
953:. Retrieved
948:
938:
926:. Retrieved
921:
912:
900:. Retrieved
898:. p. B8
895:
885:
873:. Retrieved
868:
859:
847:. Retrieved
842:
833:
821:. Retrieved
819:. p. 9A
817:Miami Herald
816:
806:
794:. Retrieved
790:Miami Herald
789:
779:
767:. Retrieved
765:. p. 9A
763:Miami Herald
762:
752:
740:. Retrieved
735:
725:
713:. Retrieved
708:
698:
686:. Retrieved
681:
671:
659:. Retrieved
657:. p. 3B
654:
644:
632:. Retrieved
627:
618:
606:. Retrieved
601:
591:
579:. Retrieved
574:
564:
555:
545:
533:. Retrieved
531:. p. 5B
529:Miami Herald
528:
518:
506:. Retrieved
504:. p. 4B
502:Miami Herald
501:
491:
479:. Retrieved
475:Miami Herald
474:
464:
452:. Retrieved
448:the original
438:
426:. Retrieved
415:
403:. Retrieved
398:
388:
376:. Retrieved
369:the original
356:
344:. Retrieved
339:
329:
317:. Retrieved
310:the original
297:
279:
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252:Lambda Legal
244:
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217:
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183:
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166:defeated in
159:
158:
126:
121:
116:
94:Valid votes
87:
82:
28:
15:
1386:. p. 1
1272:Word, Ron.
1109:. p. 1
1082:. p. 4
951:. p. 3
738:. p. 1
711:. p. 1
604:. p. 3
577:. p. 3
117:Total votes
22:Amendment 1
1437:Categories
1421:January 2,
1363:January 2,
1337:January 2,
1257:October 3,
1231:August 10,
1183:August 10,
688:October 2,
661:October 2,
454:August 10,
428:August 10,
319:August 10,
289:References
272:Craig Lowe
164:referendum
18:Referendum
1284:March 24,
1161:August 9,
1113:April 30,
1059:April 30,
902:April 30,
875:April 30,
823:April 30,
796:April 30,
769:April 30,
535:April 30,
508:April 30,
481:April 30,
378:August 9,
234:Campaigns
150:Source:
196:History
138:75,219
127:100.00%
100:99.42%
97:20,114
69:41.67%
36:Results
1390:May 1,
1310:May 2,
1209:May 1,
1135:May 2,
1086:May 2,
1033:May 2,
1007:May 1,
981:May 2,
955:May 2,
928:May 2,
849:May 1,
742:May 2,
715:May 2,
634:May 2,
608:May 2,
581:May 2,
405:May 1,
346:May 1,
258:, the
254:, the
141:26.9%
122:20,232
111:0.58%
88:58.33%
83:11,732
66:8,382
50:Votes
46:Choice
372:(PDF)
365:(PDF)
313:(PDF)
306:(PDF)
256:NAACP
1423:2012
1392:2022
1365:2012
1339:2012
1312:2022
1286:2009
1259:2022
1233:2011
1211:2022
1185:2011
1163:2011
1137:2022
1115:2022
1088:2022
1061:2022
1035:2022
1009:2022
983:2022
957:2022
930:2022
904:2022
877:2022
851:2022
825:2022
798:2022
771:2022
744:2022
717:2022
690:2022
663:2022
636:2022
610:2022
583:2022
537:2022
510:2022
483:2022
456:2011
430:2011
407:2022
380:2011
348:2022
321:2011
186:LGBT
174:and
108:118
63:Yes
79:No
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