228:, but they also linger at least in Italy even in the 9th century AD. Trpimir's and Muncimir's documents are evidence that those terms were known in Croatia. Olga Perić also came to the similar results noting that at least two old and different language layers can be found in the text of the Charter. Some interesting observations in support of Charter authenticity were presented by Neven Budak. First observation refers to the name of people from the Trpimir's escort that are mentioned in the
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who thought that, because
Lothari had already left Italy in year 840 and succeeded his father to the imperial throne, it is very unlikely that Trpimir was unaware of that change on the imperial throne even twelve years later. According to Margetić, the real date when the document was written would be
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to the
Archdiocese of Split. Charther shows that Croatia was a feudal state in formation and that the Croatian ruler had his state government which was made out of his courtiers and military and administrative officials, such as prefects and court chaplains. Trpimir also established the right of the
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of the
Charter, which points out that all the names are national, Croatian names, and not Christian, unless of course those from the priests. This is understandable because it was a time when only traditional names were prevailing among newly baptized nations. Budak disputes the contention that the
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The question of authenticity of the
Charter has emerged from the beginning of its historiographical research. Doubts about the authenticity stemmed from problems with the dating, misunderstanding of certain language terms, and also from the fact that the copies of the Charter passed through many
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Miho Barada gave the first extensive palaeographic-diplomatic analysis to attempt to reconstruct the original text. In addition, valuable contributions were also given by Lovre Katić and Marko
Kostrenčić. Držislav Švob considered this Charter to be forgery from 14th century because of its
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had almost unlimited power in the country, because
Trpimir called himself "the ruler of the Croats by the grace of God". Charter proves the existence of Croats before Trpimir, because it confirms deed of donation given to the
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and the first national document which mentions the
Croatian name. Charter, dated to 4 March 852, is not preserved in its original form but in five subsequent transcripts out of which the oldest is from year 1568.
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Stipišić, J.; Šamšalović M., ur. Codex
Diplomaticus Regni Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae, sv. 1. Zagreb: Izdavački zavod Jugoslavenske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti, 1967., p. 3-4
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corrected the opinion of
Farlati and Kukuljević Sakcinski because Lothair I reigned as "Francorum rex", King of Franks, only since year 840, and also because, according to chronicler
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hands and that the
Charter itself is vague and contradictory in many parts because of that. Some of the evidences that the Charter is authentic are for example terms
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Barada, Miho: Diplomatička analiza Trpimirove i Muncimirove isprave: U počast Mihe Barade*, Zavod za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Zadru, 2011
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Matijević Sokol, Mirjana: 1150. obljetnica darovnice kneza Trpimira, Izdanja Hrvatskog arheološkog društva 25 (2010), p. 14.
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March 4, 840. This Margetić's claim is supported by writings of John the Deacon according to which Justin was Archbishop of
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Katić, Lovre: Prijepisi dviju najstarijih povelja iz hrvatske povijesti, Vjesnik za arh. i hist. Dalm. LI, p. 101-124
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institution of chaplain as a court scribe did not exist in the 9th century, stating that it is known in
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considered that indiction refers to the year 838, which cannot be because of indiction. Historian
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Toma arhiđakon, Kronika. Uredio i preveo: Vladimir Rismondo. Čakavski sabor, Split, 1977, p. 42.
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Regnante in Italia piissimo Lothario Francorum rege per indictionem XV sub die IIII Nonis Martii
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Margetić, Lujo: Bilješke uz Trpimirovu ispravu, Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, p. 508.-509.
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Kostrenčić, Marko: Nacrt historija hrv. države i hrv. prava, Zagreb 1956., p. 115-117.
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Although the Charter is preserved in fragments it can be seen that the ruler
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Dating of the Charter is contained in the following sentence in Latin:
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in year 840 after Archbishop Petar which is mentioned in the Charter.
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Barada, Miho: Dvije naše vladarske isprave, Croatia sacra 7, p. 1-96.
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in year 837. Accordingly, indiction XV can only refer to year 852.
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considered that the indiction XV refers to the year 837, while
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of the Successor of Frankish ruler in Italy, Lombardy king
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In recent years, the debate on the issue was renewed by
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Kad i kako se preobrazi hrvatska kneževina u kraljevinu
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75:Trpimir's deed of donation
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178:by Trpimir's predecessor
123:Ivan Kukuljević Sakcinski
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385:Legal history of Croatia
63:Charter of Duke Trpimir
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22:Charter of Duke Trpimir
405:9th century in Croatia
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222:Corpus Juris Civilis
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83:Trpimirova darovnica
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369:Categories
245:References
230:eschatocol
226:glossators
214:mancipatio
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218:mancipare
110:Lothair I
284:Rad JAZU
79:Croatian
67:Croatian
235:Bavaria
201:Lothair
165:Content
137:, Duke
55:Trpimir
42:Created
197:vassal
180:Mislav
139:Mislav
98:Dating
193:tithe
184:serfs
159:Split
53:Duke
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