183:
39:
1254:
233:), very quick (more than 80 and less than 160 flashes per minutes, abbreviated "V.Q") and ultra quick (no less than 160 flashes per minute, abbreviate "U.Q"). This can be combined with notations for interruptions, e.g. I.U.Q for interrupted ultra quick, or grouping, e.g. V.Q(9) for a very quick group of nine flashes. Quick characteristics can also be followed by other characteristics, e.g. VQ(6) LFl for a very quick group of six flashes, followed by a long flash.
168:
which are repeated at regular intervals, in which case it is abbreviated simply as "Fl". It can also be used with a group of flashes which are regularly repeated, in which case the abbreviation is "Fl(2)" or "Gr Fl(2)", for a group of two flashes. Another possibility is a composite group, in which successive groups in the period have different numbers of flashes, e.g. "Fl. (2+1)" indicates a group of two flashes, followed by one flash.
941:
31:
1486:
1506:
1516:
1496:
194:
An occulting light is a rhythmic light in which the duration of light in each period is longer than the total duration of darkness. In other words, it is the opposite to a flashing light where the total duration of darkness is longer than the duration of light. It has the appearance of flashing off,
167:
A flashing light is a rhythmic light in which the total duration of the light in each period is clearly shorter than the total duration of the darkness and in which the flashes of light are all of equal duration. It is most commonly used for a single-flashing light which exhibits only single flashes
89:
While light characteristics can be described in prose, e.g. "Flashing white every three seconds", lists of lights and navigation chart annotations use abbreviations. The abbreviation notation is slightly different from one light list to another, with dots added or removed, but it usually follows a
222:
A quick light, abbreviated "Q", is a special case of a flashing light with a high frequency (more than 30 or 50 per minute). If the sequence of flashes is interrupted by regularly repeated eclipses of constant and long duration, the light is denoted "interrupted quick", abbreviated "I.Q".
195:
rather than flashing on. Like a flashing light, it can be used for a single occulting light that exhibits only a single period of darkness or the periods of darkness can be grouped and repeated at regular intervals (abbreviated "Oc"), a group (Oc(3)) or a composite group (Oc(2+1)).
1454:
1031:
states at one point that only "frequency not exceeding 30 flashes per minute" is considered "Flashing", yet at another that only "a rate of 60 flashes per minute" is considered "Quick", leaving the interval in-between
53:
is all of the properties that make a particular navigational light identifiable. Graphical and textual descriptions of navigational light sequences and colours are displayed on
241:
A Morse code light is light in which appearances of light of two clearly different durations (dots and dashes) are grouped to represent a character or characters in the
1464:
1426:
336:
The total duration of light in each period is greater than the total duration of darkness and the dark intervals (occultations) usually have the same duration.
171:
A specific case sometimes used is when the flashes are longer than two seconds. Such a light is sometimes denoted "long flashing" with the abbreviation "L.Fl".
97:
The color of the light, e.g. "W" for white, "G" for green, "R" for red, "Y" for yellow, "Bu" for blue. If no color is given, a white light is generally implied.
245:. For example, "Mo(A)" is a light in which in each period light is shown for a short period (dot) followed by a long period (dash), the Morse Code for "A".
1144:
882:
A light that combines a fixed light with a light flashing with a stronger intensity. The flashes of light may have any of the features described in above.
1431:
459:
The total duration of light in each period is less than the total duration of the dark and light appearances (flashes) usually have the same duration.
1421:
563:
413:
253:
A fixed and flashing light, abbreviated "F. Fl", is a light in which a fixed low intensity light is combined with a flashing high intensity light.
1071:
261:
An alternating light, abbreviated "Al", is a light which shows alternating colors. For example, "Al WG" shows white and green lights alternately.
202:
is used because originally the effect was obtained by a mechanism (e.g. a vertical or rotating shutter) periodically shading the light from view.
727:
538:
388:
858:
632:
1119:
1519:
890:
822:
753:
658:
444:
512:
487:
363:
924:
1092:
131:
in which a group of three eclipses repeat every 10 seconds; the light is white; the light is 15 metres above the chart datum and the
606:
321:
210:
An isophase light, abbreviated "Iso", is a light which has dark and light periods of equal length. The prefix derives from the Greek
81:
on it. Different lights use different colours, frequencies and light patterns, so mariners can identify which light they are seeing.
796:
701:
161:
182:
38:
405:
Light similar to group-occulting, except that successive groups in the same period contain different numbers of dark periods.
1547:
1542:
1449:
1416:
174:
If the frequency of flashes is high (more than 30 or 50 per minute) the light is denoted as a "quick light", see below.
1459:
1112:
1053:
127:
An example of a complete light characteristic is "Gp Oc(3) W 10s 15m 10M". This indicates that the light is a
1499:
1253:
1278:
1139:
846:
The flashes have markedly different durations and are grouped together to form one or more characters in
1197:
985:
1505:
1489:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1105:
814:
The sequence of ultra quick flashes is regularly interrupted by dark intervals of constant duration.
1552:
1187:
132:
1177:
946:
916:
Note - The alternating light can be used in conjunction with most of the lights earlier classes.
230:
1470:
1354:
1339:
1283:
1172:
1149:
562:
412:
226:
Group notation similar to flashing and occulting lights is also sometimes used, e.g. Q(9).
1192:
1182:
768:
The flashes are repeated at a frequency equal to or greater than 160 flashes per minute.
745:
The sequence of flashes is regularly interrupted by dark intervals of constant duration.
650:
The sequence of flashes is regularly interrupted by dark intervals of constant duration.
1293:
1229:
1202:
726:
537:
387:
54:
940:
857:
631:
30:
1536:
187:
136:
118:
17:
1308:
1303:
1239:
889:
821:
752:
657:
504:
A light flash, duration of more than 2 seconds (long flash) is repeated regularly.
443:
229:
Another distinction sometimes made is between quick (more than 50 and less than 80
43:
1079:
511:
486:
362:
1509:
1288:
1273:
1207:
964:
66:
923:
1344:
1313:
1268:
1128:
954:
936:
847:
242:
94:
An abbreviation of the type of light, e.g. "Fl." for flashing, "F." for fixed.
62:
58:
1349:
605:
320:
199:
90:
pattern similar to the following (see the chart to the right for examples).
795:
700:
673:
Flashes are repeated at a frequency between 80 and 159 flashes per minute.
110:
The height of the light above the chart datum for height (usually based on
1062:
1047:
1234:
959:
74:
1298:
1224:
719:
Groups of a given number of very quick flashes are repeated regularly.
1323:
578:
flashes are at a frequency of between 50 and 79 flashes per minute.
270:
624:
Groups of a given number of quick flashes are repeated regularly.
181:
152:
A fixed light, abbreviated "F", is a continuous and steady light.
78:
37:
530:
A group of a specific number of flashes are repeated regularly.
111:
70:
1101:
555:
Similar to group-flashing, but with several groups of flashes.
42:
Flørauden seamark in Norway with its light characteristics and
1097:
1076:
p. XII - Characteristics of Lights, in any of the volumes
1058:- Glossary to Aids of Navigation Terms in any of the volumes
479:
A flash is repeated regularly at a rate below 50 per minute.
117:
The range in which the light is visible, e.g. "10M" for 10
436:
The duration of the light and dark periods are equal.
1072:
United States
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
160:"Flashing light" redirects here. For other uses, see
1455:
1440:
1409:
1363:
1332:
1261:
1217:
1165:
1158:
34:
Symbols and abbreviations for light characteristics
914:Light that alternately displays different colors
186:Clockwork occulting mechanism formerly in use at
1093:U.S. ATON light characteristic terms illustrated
380:A group of dark periods are repeated regularly.
1465:International Lighthouse and Lightship Weekend
1113:
100:The cycle period, e.g. "10s" for ten seconds.
8:
788:Ultra quick flashes are repeated regularly.
693:Very quick flashes are repeated regularly.
1162:
1120:
1106:
1098:
103:Additional parameters are sometimes added:
1024:
1022:
29:
976:
896:
864:
828:
759:
664:
598:Quick flashes are repeated regularly.
569:
419:
327:
296:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
355:A dark period is repeated regularly.
7:
1495:
1427:Lighthouses by century of completion
1515:
25:
1432:Lighthouses by year of completion
27:Description of navigational light
1514:
1504:
1494:
1485:
1484:
1460:Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society
1422:Lighthouses by heritage register
1252:
939:
922:
888:
856:
820:
794:
751:
725:
699:
656:
630:
604:
561:
536:
510:
485:
442:
411:
386:
361:
319:
162:Flashing Lights (disambiguation)
986:"On Lighthouse Characteristics"
1:
1080:Glossary of Lighthouse Terms
398:2.3 Composite group-occulting
313:A continuous, steady, light.
1450:General lighthouse authority
921:
918:
910:
887:
884:
878:
855:
852:
842:
810:
801:
784:
775:
741:
732:
715:
706:
689:
680:
646:
637:
620:
611:
594:
585:
551:
548:4.4 Composite group-flashing
543:
526:
517:
500:
492:
475:
466:
441:
438:
432:
401:
393:
376:
368:
351:
343:
318:
315:
309:
61:with the chart symbol for a
1145:Conservation of lighthouses
897:
865:
829:
806:7.2 Interrupted ultra quick
760:
665:
570:
451:
420:
328:
297:
1569:
1064:Limits of List of Lights,
913:
900:
881:
845:
813:
804:
787:
780:7.1 Continuous ultra quick
778:
744:
737:6.3 Interrupted very quick
735:
718:
709:
692:
683:
649:
640:
623:
614:
597:
588:
554:
546:
529:
520:
503:
495:
478:
469:
435:
423:
404:
396:
379:
371:
354:
346:
312:
300:
159:
114:). e.g. 15m for 15 metres.
1480:
1250:
1135:
1054:United States Coast Guard
685:6.1 Continuous very quick
450:
188:Coquet Island Lighthouse
1049:Light List, Volumes 1-7
1279:Automatic lamp changer
1140:History of lighthouses
191:
46:
35:
870:9. Fixed and flashing
642:5.3 Interrupted quick
185:
129:group occulting light
41:
33:
1319:Light characteristic
1218:Navigational purpose
711:6.2 Group very quick
590:5.1 Continuous quick
348:2.1 Single-occulting
51:light characteristic
18:Characteristic light
1548:Maritime signalling
1543:Lighthouse fixtures
1417:Lighthouse builders
984:Thompson, William.
471:4.1 Single-flashing
373:2.2 Group-occulting
273:
947:Engineering portal
522:4.3 Group-flashing
271:
249:Fixed and flashing
231:flashes per minute
192:
47:
36:
1528:
1527:
1471:Lighthouse Digest
1284:Bird-cage lantern
1248:
1247:
930:
929:
908:
907:
876:
875:
840:
839:
772:
771:
677:
676:
582:
581:
497:4.2 Long-flashing
463:
462:
430:
429:
340:
339:
307:
306:
16:(Redirected from
1560:
1518:
1517:
1508:
1498:
1497:
1488:
1487:
1256:
1163:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1099:
1075:
1057:
1033:
1026:
1017:
1012:
997:
996:
994:
992:
981:
949:
944:
943:
926:
898:
892:
866:
860:
830:
824:
798:
761:
755:
729:
703:
666:
660:
634:
608:
571:
565:
540:
514:
489:
452:
446:
421:
415:
390:
365:
329:
323:
298:
274:
214:meaning "same".
21:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1524:
1476:
1442:
1436:
1405:
1359:
1328:
1257:
1244:
1213:
1154:
1131:
1126:
1089:
1084:
1061:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1036:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1000:
990:
988:
983:
982:
978:
973:
945:
938:
935:
915:
904:
902:10. Alternating
872:
836:
808:
782:
767:
739:
713:
687:
672:
644:
618:
616:5.2 Group quick
592:
577:
524:
473:
458:
335:
292:Representation
277:Class of Light
267:
259:
251:
239:
220:
208:
180:
178:Occulting light
165:
158:
150:
145:
87:
55:nautical charts
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1566:
1564:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1512:
1502:
1492:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1446:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1230:Leading lights
1227:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1205:
1203:Skeletal tower
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1087:External links
1085:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1059:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1018:
1015:List of Lights
998:
975:
974:
972:
969:
968:
967:
962:
957:
951:
950:
934:
931:
928:
927:
920:
917:
912:
909:
906:
905:
894:
893:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
873:
862:
861:
854:
851:
844:
841:
838:
837:
826:
825:
818:
815:
812:
809:
803:
800:
799:
792:
789:
786:
783:
777:
774:
773:
770:
769:
765:7. Ultra quick
757:
756:
749:
746:
743:
740:
734:
731:
730:
723:
720:
717:
714:
708:
705:
704:
697:
694:
691:
688:
682:
679:
678:
675:
674:
662:
661:
654:
651:
648:
645:
639:
636:
635:
628:
625:
622:
619:
613:
610:
609:
602:
599:
596:
593:
587:
584:
583:
580:
579:
567:
566:
559:
558:Fl(2+1) W 15s
556:
553:
550:
545:
542:
541:
534:
531:
528:
525:
519:
516:
515:
508:
505:
502:
499:
494:
491:
490:
483:
480:
477:
474:
468:
465:
464:
461:
460:
448:
447:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
427:
417:
416:
409:
408:Oc(2+3) W 18s
406:
403:
400:
395:
392:
391:
384:
381:
378:
375:
370:
367:
366:
359:
356:
353:
350:
345:
342:
341:
338:
337:
325:
324:
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
304:
294:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
266:
265:Class of light
263:
258:
255:
250:
247:
238:
235:
219:
216:
207:
206:Isophase light
204:
179:
176:
157:
156:Flashing light
154:
149:
146:
144:
143:Light patterns
141:
137:nautical miles
125:
124:
123:
122:
119:nautical miles
115:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
86:
83:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1565:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1521:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1493:
1491:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:organizations
1439:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1401:South America
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1391:North America
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1066:Pubs. 110–116
1065:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
999:
987:
980:
977:
970:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
952:
948:
942:
937:
932:
925:
903:
899:
895:
891:
871:
868:
867:
863:
859:
849:
835:
834:8. Morse code
832:
831:
827:
823:
819:
816:
807:
802:
797:
793:
790:
781:
776:
766:
763:
762:
758:
754:
750:
747:
738:
733:
728:
724:
721:
712:
707:
702:
698:
695:
686:
681:
671:
670:6. Very quick
668:
667:
663:
659:
655:
652:
643:
638:
633:
629:
626:
617:
612:
607:
603:
600:
591:
586:
576:
573:
572:
568:
564:
560:
557:
549:
544:
539:
535:
532:
523:
518:
513:
509:
506:
498:
493:
488:
484:
481:
472:
467:
457:
454:
453:
449:
445:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
407:
399:
394:
389:
385:
382:
374:
369:
364:
360:
357:
349:
344:
334:
331:
330:
326:
322:
303:
299:
295:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
275:
269:
268:
264:
262:
256:
254:
248:
246:
244:
236:
234:
232:
227:
224:
217:
215:
213:
205:
203:
201:
196:
189:
184:
177:
175:
172:
169:
163:
155:
153:
147:
142:
140:
138:
134:
133:nominal range
130:
120:
116:
113:
109:
108:
107:
106:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
91:
85:Abbreviations
84:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
45:
40:
32:
19:
1469:
1350:Pharologists
1318:
1309:Lens lantern
1304:Fresnel lens
1240:Sector light
1166:Construction
1067:
1063:
1048:
1028:
1014:
989:. Retrieved
979:
901:
869:
833:
805:
779:
764:
736:
710:
684:
669:
641:
615:
589:
574:
547:
533:Fl(3) R 15s
521:
496:
470:
455:
424:
397:
372:
347:
333:2. Occulting
332:
301:
260:
252:
240:
228:
225:
221:
211:
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197:
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173:
170:
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88:
50:
48:
44:sector light
1520:WikiProject
1333:Maintenance
1294:Dalén light
1289:Carcel lamp
1274:Argand lamp
1129:Lighthouses
965:Signal lamp
853:Mo(K) G 6s
722:VQ(3) G 4s
507:L.Fl W 10s
456:4. Flashing
425:3. Isophase
383:Oc(2) G 8s
286:Definition
257:Alternating
218:Quick light
148:Fixed light
67:lightvessel
59:Light Lists
1553:Navigation
1537:Categories
1510:Wiktionary
1410:Categories
1376:Antarctica
1345:Light dues
1314:Lewis lamp
1269:Aerobeacon
1198:Screw-pile
1040:References
1032:undefined.
1029:Light List
955:Lighthouse
885:F.Fl Y 5s
848:Morse code
817:I.UQ R 6s
748:I.VQ R 9s
653:I.Q R 14s
627:Q(3) G 9s
243:Morse Code
237:Morse code
112:high water
63:lighthouse
1364:Locations
991:21 August
919:Al WR 3s
439:Iso R 4s
200:occulting
198:The term
1490:Category
1262:Fixtures
1235:Sea mark
1210:(acting)
1188:Integral
960:Pilotage
933:See also
575:5. Quick
552:Fl(x+y)
482:Fl G 5s
402:Oc(x+y)
358:Oc R 6s
302:1. Fixed
289:Example
280:Feature
272:Table I
75:sea mark
1500:Commons
1396:Oceania
1340:Keepers
1299:Foghorn
1225:Daymark
1178:Caisson
1150:Museums
135:is 10
77:with a
57:and in
1441:Global
1386:Europe
1371:Africa
1355:Tender
1324:VRB-25
1208:Vessel
1173:Aerial
843:Mo(x)
716:VQ(x)
527:Fl(x)
377:Oc(x)
283:Abbr.
1159:Types
971:Notes
879:F.Fl
811:I.UQ
791:UQ W
742:I.VQ
696:VQ W
621:Q(x)
501:L.Fl
79:light
1381:Asia
1193:Pile
1183:Crib
993:2022
647:I.Q
601:Q W
433:Iso
316:F R
212:iso-
71:buoy
911:Al
785:UQ
690:VQ
476:Fl
352:Oc
73:or
1539::
1070:.
1052:.
1021:^
1001:^
850:.
595:Q
310:F
139:.
69:,
65:,
49:A
1121:e
1114:t
1107:v
1074:.
1056:.
995:.
190:.
164:.
121:.
20:)
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