89:, CHARAS was a holistic, multi-issue organization that addressed issues as wide-ranging as housing, environmentalism, education, job training, and the arts. CHARAS was initially founded as the CHARAS committee in 1965, taking its name from the first initials of the founders: Chino Garcia, Humberto Crespo, Angelo González, Roy Battiste, (Moses) Anthony Figueroa, and Sal Becker. The committee formalized as an organization in the early 1970s. The organization consulted with mathematician
143:
deemed unworkable. Community activists fought to keep the building in community possession. The activists, upon seeing that CHARAS and other community gardens were listed for auction in July 1998, coordinated the release of 10,000 crickets to disrupt it, an event that is mythical among Lower West Side activists. After a brief intermission, the building sold for $ 3.15 million to Gregg Singer, who was originally anonymous but later revealed as a campaign contributor of Mayor
157:
and by "Singer alerts", in which the landlord was required to announce prospective tenant visits in advance, giving activists ample time to organize an impromptu demonstration. An initial trial ruled unanimously in favor of CHARAS but was invalidated by a second judge. Squatters planned to occupy and
117:
CHARAS moved into P.S. 64 in 1979. The squatters renovated into a cultural center known as El Bohio ("the hut"). The community center's arts and cultural programming included classes, meeting spaces, studio spaces, after-school activities, tutoring, a bicycle recycling program, with showing including
129:
The building was frequently filled with art, including huge sculptures and floats. Its auditorium, rooms, or full building were available for rental at affordable prices. Community gardening groups often met there, and the banners and puppets behind the community's famous spring and winter festivals
169:
As of 2022, the building was left undeveloped and the property foreclosed, while multiple protests have been held in support of returning the building to community oriented use. At the time of eviction, Singer planned to turn the building into a college dormitory but the
Department of Buildings has
142:
Within three years of the squat, a local community board had recommended that CHARAS receive the building's lease. This request was upheld by the City
Council, Department of City Planning, and the City Planning Commission. They received the lease and made offers to buy the building that the city
170:
denied the project. The building was designated as a landmark in 2006, limiting Singer's high-rise plans. Additionally, a local law requires proof of a 10-year lease from a college before approving dorm development. Singer has filed multiple lawsuits against the city. In 2017, Mayor
108:
in 1979 but came to an agreement with the city to vacate the settlement house in exchange for the derelict, former P.S. 64. In a gentlemen's agreement, a private developer purchased the
Christadora (to become luxury condominiums) and CHARAS began to build P.S. 64 into El Bohio.
1516:
126:. In its time, CHARAS/El Bohio was among the most prominent of a series of institutions secured through community effort and served as the political center of multiple community centers and gardens founded in the same period.
790:
2592:
2284:
1448:
2279:
917:
552:
Shepard, Benjamin (2009). "Community
Gardens, Convivial Spaces, and the Seeds of a Radical Democratic Counterpublic". In Gautney, Heather; Dahbour, Omar; Dawson, Ashley; Smith, Neil (eds.).
259:
1566:
62:
that would become the CHARAS/El Bohio
Community Center, was active between its completion in 1906 and its closure in 1977. It was designed in the French Renaissance Revival style by
2352:
1481:
1443:
757:
2597:
850:
1183:
2229:
1293:
800:
153:
rated the site as the city's "Best Place to Rally Around and/or
Resuscitate" based on its community services for the Lower East Side. The eviction was delayed by the
2582:
2612:
2522:
1496:
810:
2357:
2617:
2563:
785:
158:
defend the building, particularly to protect precedent, but CHARAS demurred because they wanted the city's future support as a community organization. New York
1536:
1486:
462:
2289:
1255:
2042:
1893:
1521:
2342:
2332:
1526:
750:
1561:
1006:
902:
2022:
1546:
1346:
248:
1571:
1286:
971:
780:
675:
656:
633:
601:
580:
561:
519:
1453:
1799:
1556:
1031:
743:
2517:
2400:
2254:
1551:
1491:
1363:
1234:
855:
1774:
1541:
996:
956:
922:
860:
694:
298:
2607:
2587:
2147:
1279:
2532:
1428:
1168:
1142:
1084:
991:
795:
1260:
1229:
1224:
647:
Hassell, Malve von (2002). "The Frog and the
Rooster: Urban Community Gardening and Community-Based Grassroots Initiatives".
2264:
437:
1511:
1378:
1016:
510:
166:
for a final defense and celebration of the space, which had become a symbolic for community losses due to gentrification.
720:
1698:
951:
67:
2204:
174:
expressed interest in the city repurchasing the building. As of 2008, the CHARAS organization remained without a home.
2559:
2555:
2097:
1789:
1021:
840:
530:
1941:
1936:
1888:
1794:
1531:
1122:
976:
815:
147:. Singer immediately served an eviction order, which wasn't enforced until December 2001. During that period, the
2602:
2527:
2378:
2087:
1847:
1351:
2537:
2507:
2373:
1931:
1826:
1821:
1506:
1501:
1373:
1250:
1178:
805:
2037:
2440:
2405:
2224:
2137:
2017:
1926:
1878:
1678:
1438:
1302:
897:
59:
43:
2475:
2388:
2132:
1779:
1026:
981:
2337:
2269:
2249:
2072:
1909:
1764:
1613:
1188:
81:, a self-organized, education-focused group of young organizers who had grown up in the neighborhood of
2450:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2323:
2244:
2184:
2112:
1862:
1852:
1688:
1388:
1049:
1011:
912:
907:
154:
2347:
2239:
2082:
2077:
2012:
1987:
1759:
1668:
1433:
887:
159:
123:
2460:
2142:
1804:
1728:
1708:
1683:
1623:
1368:
1203:
966:
535:
90:
86:
78:
17:
2214:
2199:
2002:
1972:
1915:
1648:
1341:
1152:
1132:
1089:
946:
845:
681:
671:
652:
629:
597:
576:
557:
540:
515:
101:
591:
463:"Guardians rally at Madison Capital Realty in fight for former East Village community center"
2470:
2117:
2057:
1967:
1883:
1857:
1769:
1718:
1421:
1357:
1173:
1147:
1117:
868:
864:
144:
39:
2435:
2032:
1997:
1643:
1306:
1079:
961:
730:
290:
2067:
1517:
San
Isidoro y San Leandro Western Orthodox Catholic Church of the Hispanic Mozarabic Rite
2465:
2209:
2179:
1633:
1383:
1198:
1112:
1094:
1074:
724:
171:
105:
2576:
2455:
2274:
2219:
2122:
1693:
1673:
1319:
1219:
1193:
1001:
986:
892:
505:
149:
131:
94:
70:, the surrounding neighborhood fell into disrepair. The building itself had become a
63:
2383:
2294:
2234:
2194:
2189:
2107:
1743:
1628:
1416:
1137:
639:
1809:
1733:
1653:
1608:
2410:
2259:
2102:
2092:
1992:
1831:
1618:
1069:
573:
Play, Creativity, and Social
Movements: If I Can't Dance, It's Not My Revolution
163:
2062:
2052:
2027:
1816:
1784:
1703:
1638:
1127:
1054:
71:
735:
544:
2394:
1663:
1315:
119:
55:
685:
2512:
2127:
1962:
1713:
1658:
82:
36:
1271:
2007:
1921:
1738:
1059:
621:
74:. Local residents, many Latino immigrants, reclaimed these buildings.
2445:
2047:
1723:
1512:
Mission of Our Lady of Loreto (Sheen Center, Barat
Settlement House)
1977:
438:"Judge rules lender can foreclose on vacant old P.S. 64 building"
2496:
2311:
2168:
1588:
1470:
1405:
1330:
1275:
739:
593:
Ours to Lose: When Squatters Became Homeowners in New York City
1957:
66:
during a time when a population boom required schools. During
93:
over many years on alternative technology, sweat equity, and
2280:
Tompkins Square Lodging House for Boys and Industrial School
626:
Counter Institution: Activist Estates of the Lower East Side
695:"Off-B'way's El Bohio Cultural Center Sold at City Auction"
918:
Self-Certification (New York City Department of Buildings)
649:
The Struggle for Eden: Community Gardens in New York City
134:
described it as an "inestimable resource" for activists.
359:
357:
355:
318:
316:
218:
216:
214:
791:
NYC Department of Housing Preservation and Development
554:
Democracy, States, and the Struggle for Social Justice
54:
Public School 64, the 130,000-square-foot building in
2593:
Hispanic and Latino American culture in New York City
1482:
Church of the Immaculate Conception and Clergy Houses
1444:
High School for Health Professions and Human Services
2366:
2322:
1950:
1902:
1871:
1840:
1752:
1599:
1243:
1212:
1161:
1103:
1040:
935:
878:
851:
Housing Stability and Tenant Protection Act of 2019
831:
824:
771:
622:"The Communitarian Estates of Loisaida (1967–2001)"
256:
Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation
201:
199:
197:
195:
193:
191:
189:
187:
2230:Firehouse, Engine Company 33 and Ladder Company 9
77:CHARAS was an organization that emerged from the
2523:East Village/Lower East Side Historic District
1497:German Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Mark
1184:Kill City: Lower East Side Squatters 1992–2000
628:. Fordham University Press. pp. 101–152.
122:showed his work at El Bohio while studying at
27:New York community center in the 1980s and 90s
1287:
751:
8:
249:"Oral History Interview with Carlos Garcia"
234:
2598:Hispanic and Latino American organizations
2493:
2319:
2308:
2290:Van Tassell and Kearney Horse Auction Mart
2165:
1596:
1585:
1467:
1402:
1327:
1294:
1280:
1272:
1256:Involuntary hospitalization of Joyce Brown
828:
758:
744:
736:
2353:Broadway–Lafayette Street/Bleecker Street
1894:Swiss Institute Contemporary Art New York
1522:Slovenian Church of St. Cyril in New York
727:'s Archives of the Puerto Rican Diaspora
1567:St. Stanislaus Bishop and Martyr Church
1007:Palladia (social services organization)
903:Article 7A (New York City housing code)
801:NYC Housing Authority Police Department
651:. Bergin & Garvey. pp. 59–90.
487:
423:
411:
399:
387:
375:
363:
346:
334:
322:
222:
183:
2583:Community centers in the United States
436:Andersen, Lincoln (January 27, 2022).
100:CHARAS originally squatted the nearby
2613:Buildings and structures in Manhattan
2023:Harry & Ida's Meat and Supply Co.
1527:St. Ann's Armenian Catholic Cathedral
972:Citizens Housing and Planning Council
295:New York Preservation Archive Project
205:
7:
2618:1979 establishments in New York City
1454:Third Street Music School Settlement
668:Charas, the improbable dome builders
291:"Carlos "Chino" Garcia Oral History"
284:
282:
280:
35:was a neighborhood organization and
1800:Playwrights Horizons Theater School
1032:Urban Homesteading Assistance Board
786:NYC Department of Homeless Services
301:from the original on March 16, 2018
118:dance, film, and theater. Director
2518:East 10th Street Historic District
2255:Metropolitan Savings Bank Building
1364:La Plaza Cultural de Armando Perez
1235:1918-20 New York City rent strikes
693:Simonson, Robert (July 22, 1998).
289:Vural, Leyla (November 13, 2017).
25:
2358:Eighth Street–New York University
1775:La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club
997:Movement for Justice in el Barrio
957:Association for a Better New York
923:Uniform Land Use Review Procedure
861:New York State Tenement House Act
130:were built there. Anthropologist
2148:Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre
1537:St. Brigid Roman Catholic Church
1487:Church of the Most Holy Redeemer
1347:Carmen PabĂłn del Amanecer JardĂn
531:"Gentrification's Empty Victory"
265:from the original on May 1, 2021
33:CHARAS/El Bohio Community Center
18:Charas/El Bohio Community Center
2401:8th Street and St. Mark's Place
2265:Robbins & Appleton Building
1552:St. Mark's Church in-the-Bowery
1429:East Side Community High School
1085:Museum of Reclaimed Urban Space
992:Metropolitan Council on Housing
596:. University of Chicago Press.
556:. Routledge. pp. 273–296.
529:Hobbs, Allegra (June 1, 2018).
2285:Stuyvesant Polyclinic Hospital
1261:New York City housing shortage
1230:1907 New York City Rent Strike
1225:1904 New York City Rent Strike
731:Oral history with Chino Garcia
670:. New York: Drake Publishers.
68:New York's 1970s fiscal crisis
1:
1379:New York City Marble Cemetery
1017:Real Estate Board of New York
856:Mitchell–Lama Housing Program
511:Direct Action: An Ethnography
2533:St. Mark's Historic District
952:Asian Americans for Equality
247:Zapol, Lisa (May 16, 2015).
2560:Manhattan Community Board 3
2556:Manhattan Community Board 2
2098:Old Reliable Theatre Tavern
1937:Russian & Turkish Baths
1562:St. Nicholas of Myra Church
1022:Rent Is Too Damn High Party
841:Rent regulation in New York
781:NYC Department of Buildings
2634:
1942:The Standard, East Village
1795:Performance Space New York
1123:Isaac Newton Phelps Stokes
977:Crown Heights Tenant Union
816:New York State Legislature
766:Housing rights in New York
571:Shepard, Benjamin (2012).
2550:
2503:
2492:
2318:
2307:
2175:
2164:
2088:New York Vauxhall Gardens
1848:Barbara Feinman Millinery
1595:
1584:
1572:Tabernacle Baptist Church
1477:
1466:
1412:
1401:
1352:Chico Mendez Mural Garden
1337:
1326:
1313:
620:Bagchee, Nandini (2018).
590:Starecheski, Amy (2016).
514:. Oakland, CA: AK Press.
2538:Yiddish Theatre District
1932:Museum of Broken Windows
1827:Village East by Angelika
1822:Theater for the New City
1507:Middle Collegiate Church
1374:New York Marble Cemetery
1251:Homelessness in New York
1179:How the Other Half Lives
2608:Squats in New York City
2588:East Village, Manhattan
2225:De Vinne Press Building
2205:Bayard–Condict Building
1927:The Houston Bowery Wall
1889:Merchant's House Museum
1879:Anthology Film Archives
1439:Harvey Milk High School
1220:1839-1845 Anti-Rent War
898:2009 Loft Law Amendment
46:between 1979 and 2001.
2476:Taras Shevchenko Place
2043:King Tut's Wah Wah Hut
1780:Metropolitan Playhouse
1492:Church of the Nativity
1027:Sanctuary for Families
982:Homes for the Homeless
666:Mottel, Syeus (1973).
2270:Schermerhorn Building
2250:Isaac T. Hopper House
2073:Lynn Redgrave Theater
2038:Kim's Video and Music
1910:4th Street Food Co-op
1872:Museums and galleries
1765:Classic Stage Company
1189:One-Third of a Nation
796:NYC Housing Authority
2245:Hamilton-Holly House
2185:339 Lafayette Street
2138:St. Mark's Playhouse
1863:Trash and Vaudeville
1679:Nuyorican Poets Café
1389:Tompkins Square Park
1050:519 East 11th Street
1012:Picture the Homeless
913:Local Law 97 of 2019
908:Local Law 45 of 1976
155:September 11 attacks
2240:Hamilton Fish House
2133:St. Mark's Bookshop
2083:New Theatre Comique
2078:New St. Marks Baths
2013:Ground Zero Gallery
1760:Astor Place Theatre
1557:St. Nicholas Kirche
1547:St. George's Church
1449:Ottendorfer Library
1434:Grace Church School
888:421-a tax exemption
811:NYPD Housing Bureau
469:. November 16, 2022
414:, pp. 270–271.
390:, pp. 274–275.
160:Reclaim the Streets
124:New York University
97:to house the poor.
2461:Great Jones Street
1805:The Public Theater
1709:Superiority Burger
1369:Liz Christy Garden
1204:The City We Became
967:The Bowery Mission
536:The New York Times
349:, pp. 98–100.
91:Buckminster Fuller
87:Real Great Society
79:Real Great Society
2570:
2569:
2546:
2545:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2303:
2302:
2215:Christodora House
2200:Astor Place Tower
2160:
2159:
2156:
2155:
1973:Astor Opera House
1853:Ray's Candy Store
1689:Please Don't Tell
1580:
1579:
1542:St. Emeric Church
1462:
1461:
1397:
1396:
1342:Abe Lebewohl Park
1269:
1268:
1153:Stanley M. Isaacs
1133:Joseph DeFilippis
1090:Operation Move-In
947:Ali Forney Center
931:
930:
846:Callahan v. Carey
677:978-0-87749-490-4
658:978-0-89789-858-4
635:978-0-8232-7928-9
603:978-0-226-39994-2
582:978-1-136-82964-2
563:978-0-415-98982-4
521:978-1-904859-79-6
102:Christodora House
16:(Redirected from
2625:
2603:Legalized squats
2494:
2471:Lafayette Street
2320:
2309:
2166:
1884:Brant Foundation
1858:Strand Bookstore
1770:Connelly Theater
1719:The Talking Band
1597:
1586:
1468:
1422:41 Cooper Square
1403:
1358:Esperanza Garden
1328:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1273:
1174:Dark Days (film)
1148:Rosanne Haggerty
1118:Florence M. Rice
869:New Law Tenement
865:Old Law Tenement
829:
760:
753:
746:
737:
709:
707:
705:
689:
662:
643:
607:
586:
567:
548:
525:
491:
485:
479:
478:
476:
474:
459:
453:
452:
450:
448:
433:
427:
421:
415:
409:
403:
397:
391:
385:
379:
373:
367:
361:
350:
344:
338:
332:
326:
320:
311:
310:
308:
306:
286:
275:
274:
272:
270:
264:
253:
244:
238:
235:Starecheski 2016
232:
226:
220:
209:
203:
145:Rudolph Giuliani
40:community center
21:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2542:
2499:
2480:
2436:Bleecker Street
2362:
2314:
2299:
2171:
2170:Other buildings
2152:
2033:Kiev Restaurant
1983:Charas/El Bohio
1946:
1898:
1867:
1836:
1790:Orpheum Theatre
1748:
1644:Foxface Natural
1634:Death & Co.
1601:
1591:
1576:
1473:
1458:
1408:
1393:
1333:
1322:
1309:
1300:
1270:
1265:
1239:
1208:
1157:
1105:
1099:
1080:Gowanus Batcave
1065:Charas/El Bohio
1042:
1036:
962:Breaking Ground
939:
937:
927:
880:
874:
833:
820:
773:
767:
764:
717:
712:
703:
701:
692:
678:
665:
659:
646:
636:
619:
615:
613:Further reading
610:
604:
589:
583:
570:
564:
551:
528:
522:
504:
500:
495:
494:
486:
482:
472:
470:
467:The Village Sun
461:
460:
456:
446:
444:
442:The Village Sun
435:
434:
430:
422:
418:
410:
406:
398:
394:
386:
382:
374:
370:
362:
353:
345:
341:
333:
329:
321:
314:
304:
302:
288:
287:
278:
268:
266:
262:
251:
246:
245:
241:
233:
229:
221:
212:
204:
185:
180:
140:
115:
52:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2631:
2629:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2575:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2528:Little Germany
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2466:Houston Street
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2327:
2316:
2315:
2313:Transportation
2312:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2210:Bracetti Plaza
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2180:51 Astor Place
2176:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2003:Five Spot Café
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1912:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1605:
1603:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1532:St. Ann Church
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1384:Open Road Park
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1324:
1323:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1199:Rent (musical)
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1143:Pauline Newman
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1113:Frances Goldin
1109:
1107:
1104:Housing rights
1101:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1095:Umbrella House
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1075:Freedom Tunnel
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
943:
941:
933:
932:
929:
928:
926:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
884:
882:
876:
875:
873:
872:
858:
853:
848:
843:
837:
835:
826:
822:
821:
819:
818:
813:
808:
806:NYC Loft Board
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
777:
775:
769:
768:
765:
763:
762:
755:
748:
740:
734:
733:
728:
725:Hunter College
716:
715:External links
713:
711:
710:
690:
676:
663:
657:
644:
634:
616:
614:
611:
609:
608:
602:
587:
581:
568:
562:
549:
526:
520:
506:Graeber, David
501:
499:
496:
493:
492:
490:, p. 271.
480:
454:
428:
426:, p. 279.
416:
404:
402:, p. 275.
392:
380:
378:, p. 274.
368:
366:, p. 270.
351:
339:
337:, p. 268.
327:
325:, p. 267.
312:
276:
239:
227:
210:
182:
181:
179:
176:
172:Bill de Blasio
139:
136:
114:
111:
106:Black Panthers
95:geodesic domes
51:
48:
42:in New York's
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2630:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2549:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2508:Alphabet City
2506:
2505:
2502:
2495:
2491:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2456:Cooper Square
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2379:Second Avenue
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2338:Second Avenue
2336:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2275:Silk Building
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2220:Colonnade Row
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2167:
2163:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:SideWalk Cafe
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1968:Angel's Share
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1694:Pommes Frites
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1609:B&H Dairy
1607:
1606:
1604:
1598:
1594:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1469:
1465:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1404:
1400:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1320:New York City
1317:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1194:Project Lives
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1041:Squatting and
1039:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1002:Open New York
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
987:Housing Works
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
944:
942:
940:organizations
934:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
893:1982 Loft Law
891:
889:
886:
885:
883:
877:
870:
866:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
838:
836:
830:
827:
823:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
778:
776:
770:
761:
756:
754:
749:
747:
742:
741:
738:
732:
729:
726:
722:
721:Charas papers
719:
718:
714:
700:
696:
691:
687:
683:
679:
673:
669:
664:
660:
654:
650:
645:
641:
637:
631:
627:
623:
618:
617:
612:
605:
599:
595:
594:
588:
584:
578:
575:. Routledge.
574:
569:
565:
559:
555:
550:
546:
542:
538:
537:
532:
527:
523:
517:
513:
512:
507:
503:
502:
497:
489:
484:
481:
468:
464:
458:
455:
443:
439:
432:
429:
425:
420:
417:
413:
408:
405:
401:
396:
393:
389:
384:
381:
377:
372:
369:
365:
360:
358:
356:
352:
348:
343:
340:
336:
331:
328:
324:
319:
317:
313:
300:
296:
292:
285:
283:
281:
277:
261:
257:
250:
243:
240:
237:, p. 54.
236:
231:
228:
225:, p. 97.
224:
219:
217:
215:
211:
207:
202:
200:
198:
196:
194:
192:
190:
188:
184:
177:
175:
173:
167:
165:
161:
156:
152:
151:
150:Village Voice
146:
137:
135:
133:
132:David Graeber
127:
125:
121:
112:
110:
107:
103:
98:
96:
92:
88:
85:. Unlike the
84:
80:
75:
73:
69:
65:
64:C.B.J. Snyder
61:
57:
49:
47:
45:
41:
38:
34:
30:
19:
2564:9th Precinct
2552:
2393:6th Street (
2384:Third Avenue
2374:First Avenue
2343:Third Avenue
2333:First Avenue
2295:Village View
2235:First Houses
2195:770 Broadway
2190:640 Broadway
2108:Paresis Hall
1982:
1914:
1744:Webster Hall
1699:Pyramid Club
1629:Club Cumming
1600:Restaurants/
1502:Grace Church
1417:Cooper Union
1332:Green spaces
1303:East Village
1138:Mitch Snyder
1064:
1043:homesteading
938:governmental
702:. Retrieved
698:
667:
648:
640:Project MUSE
638:– via
625:
592:
572:
553:
534:
509:
498:Bibliography
488:Graeber 2008
483:
471:. Retrieved
466:
457:
445:. Retrieved
441:
431:
424:Shepard 2009
419:
412:Graeber 2008
407:
400:Shepard 2009
395:
388:Shepard 2009
383:
376:Shepard 2009
371:
364:Graeber 2008
347:Shepard 2012
342:
335:Graeber 2008
330:
323:Graeber 2008
303:. Retrieved
294:
267:. Retrieved
255:
242:
230:
223:Shepard 2012
168:
148:
141:
128:
116:
104:with former
99:
76:
60:East Village
53:
44:East Village
32:
31:
29:
2441:Bond Street
2411:Astor Place
2406:14th Street
2348:Astor Place
2260:Riis Houses
2103:Other Music
2093:Now Gallery
1993:Dos Blockos
1619:Burp Castle
1169:City Limits
1070:Dos Blockos
825:Legislation
473:January 24,
447:January 24,
164:block party
2577:Categories
2389:4th Street
2063:Lit Lounge
2028:Jewel Bako
2018:Heartbreak
1817:Theatre 80
1785:Nublu Club
1704:Somtum Der
1674:McSorley's
1639:Foul Witch
1128:Jesse Gray
1055:ABC No Rio
772:Government
206:Hobbs 2018
178:References
72:drug house
50:Background
2553:See also:
2395:Curry Row
2118:The Saint
1810:Joe's Pub
1734:Veniero's
1654:Joe's Pub
1602:nightlife
1407:Education
1316:Manhattan
1106:activists
545:0362-4331
120:Spike Lee
56:Manhattan
2513:Book Row
2451:Broadway
2431:Avenue D
2426:Avenue C
2421:Avenue B
2416:Avenue A
2326:stations
2113:The Ritz
1832:WOW Café
1714:The Cock
1659:Kanoyama
1614:Bungalow
1472:Religion
1360:(former)
1354:(former)
1244:See also
879:New York
832:New York
774:agencies
704:June 21,
699:Playbill
508:(2008).
299:Archived
260:Archived
138:Eviction
113:Activity
83:Loisaida
37:squatted
2498:Regions
2367:Streets
2053:Lanza's
2008:Gem Spa
1988:Club 57
1922:C-Squat
1753:Theater
1739:Veselka
1590:Culture
1060:C-Squat
162:held a
2446:Bowery
2324:Subway
2068:Lucy's
2048:Kyo Ya
1951:Former
1841:Stores
1724:Torien
1669:Lucien
1213:Events
686:596417
684:
674:
655:
632:
600:
579:
560:
543:
518:
305:May 1,
269:May 1,
2143:Ukiyo
2128:Sin-Ă©
2058:Limbo
1978:Cagen
1916:Alamo
1903:Other
1729:Tuome
1684:Penny
1624:CheLi
1162:Media
936:Non-/
834:State
263:(PDF)
252:(PDF)
1649:HAGS
1307:NoHo
1305:and
881:City
706:2020
682:OCLC
672:ISBN
653:ISBN
630:ISBN
598:ISBN
577:ISBN
558:ISBN
541:ISSN
516:ISBN
475:2023
449:2023
307:2021
271:2021
1998:Fez
1958:8BC
1664:KGB
723:at
58:'s
2579::
2562:,
2558:,
1963:A7
1318:,
867:,
697:.
680:.
624:.
539:.
533:.
465:.
440:.
354:^
315:^
297:.
293:.
279:^
258:.
254:.
213:^
186:^
2397:)
1295:e
1288:t
1281:v
871:)
863:(
759:e
752:t
745:v
708:.
688:.
661:.
642:.
606:.
585:.
566:.
547:.
524:.
477:.
451:.
309:.
273:.
208:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.