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Upon the announcement of his death at Rome, Clement XI highly praised him for his courage and loyalty to the Holy See and ordered the Holy Office to issue a Decree (25 September 1710) approving the acts of the legate. Tournon's remains were brought to Rome by his successor, Carlo
Ambrogio Mezzabarba,
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of China. The purpose of this legation was to establish harmony among the missionaries there; to provide for the needs of these extensive missions; to report to the Holy See on the general state of the missions, and the labours of the missionaries and to enforce the decision of the
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to abolish these rites. Hereupon, the Kangxi
Emperor ordered Tournon to be imprisoned at Macau and sent some Jesuit missionaries to Rome to protest against the decree. Tournon died in prison, shortly after being informed that he had been created cardinal on 1 August 1707.
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among the native
Christians. In particular, he was sent to China to settle the question of whether Confucianism was an ethic system or a religion, thereby confirming if Christians could observe Confucian rituals. These rites consisted chiefly in offering sacrifices to
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received him kindly at first, but upon hearing that he came to abolish the
Chinese rites among the native Christians, he demanded from all missionaries on pain of immediate expulsion a promise to retain these rites. Many missionaries left China at this time.
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Dell'Oro, Giorgio (1998). "Oh quanti mostri si trovano in questo nuovo mondo venuti d'Europa: vita e vicissitudini di un ecclesiastico piemontese tra Roma e Cina: Carlo
Tommaso Maillard de Tournon 1668-1710," in:
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Memorie storiche della legazione e morte dell'eminentiss. Monsignor cardinale di
Tournon esposte con munumenti rari ed autentici non piu dati alla luce
114:(supreme emperor) for the God of the Christians. On 27 December 1701, the Pope consecrated Tournon bishop in the Vatican Basilica, with the title of
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Malatesta, E.J. (1994). '"A fatal clash of wills: the condemnation of the
Chinese rites by the papal legate Carlo Tommaso Maillard de Tournon," in:
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Rouleau, Francis A. S.J., "Maillard de
Tournon Papal Legate at the Court of Peking, the first imperial audience (31 December 1705)" in
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Crescimbeni, Giovan Mario (1774). "Ristretto della vita del
Cardinal Carlo Tommaso Maillard de Tournon, Torinese," in
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VATICAN - Prof. Zhang tells
Urbaniana about the mission of Maillard de Tournon, the first papal legate in China
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The History of the Relations Between the Low Countries and China in the Qing Era (1644-1911)
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on 20 November 1704, and being acquainted with this decision, the legate issued a decree at
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After graduating in canon and civil law; he went to Rome where he gained the esteem of
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in India on 6 November 1703. On 23 June 1704, Tournon issued at this place the decree
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Tournon studied at the Propaganda at Rome, and later taught there.
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Pope Clement XI (1700-1721), Consistory of December 17, 1703 (I)
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on 4 December 1705. He was the first papal legate to China. The
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Florida International University, Biographical Diction section
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on 25 January 1707, obliging the missionaries under pain of
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On 11 July 1704, Tournon set sail for China by way of the
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Ott, Michael, "Charles-Thomas Maillard de Tournon," in
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311:, edited by Willy van de Walle and Noël Golvers, p115
19:(December 21, 1668 – June 10, 1710), also known as
121:The legate left Europe on the French royal vessel
102:and the ancestors, and in using the Chinese names
398:, Vol. 67, ediz. Istituto Treccani, Roma, 2007.
93:against the further toleration of the so-called
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279:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
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62:on 21 December 1668; died in confinement at
385:Annali di storia moderna e contemporanea
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160:At Rome, the Holy Office had meanwhile
429:. Venezia, 1761-1762, in 8 volumes.
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396:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
392:“Maillard de Tournon, Carlo Tommaso”
360:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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199:Dioceses of Saint Thomas of Mylapore
437:Archivum Historicum Societatis Iesu
234:Tournon, Charles Thomas Maillard de
352:Charles-Thomas Maillard de Tournon
350:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
324:Charles-Thomas Maillard De Tournon
251:Charles-Thomas Maillard De Tournon
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180:and buried in the church of the
125:on 9 February 1703, arriving at
512:18th-century Italian cardinals
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376:Le vite degli arcadi illustri
296:, article dated March 6, 2023
232:Biblical Cyclopedia website,
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527:Latin Patriarchs of Antioch
425:Passionei, Domenico (1761)
379:, III, Roma 1714, pp. 1-19.
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422:, Vol. 15, New York, 1912.
408:, David Nutt, London 1894.
148:in China, 2 April, and at
517:Diplomats of the Holy See
420:The Catholic Encyclopedia
194:Chinese Rites controversy
162:decided against the rites
281:, edited by Andrew Louth
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368:Essential bibliography
184:on 27 September 1723.
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357:Catholic Encyclopedia
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532:Diplomats from Turin
406:The Jesuits in China
322:Britannica website,
263:New Advent website,
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