40:
834:
the control tower. Taylor was not sure whether he was near the
Bahamas or Key West, and he was not sure which direction he faced because of a compass malfunction. The control tower informed Taylor that he could not be in Key West since the wind that day did not blow that way. Some of the aircrew believed that their compass was working. Taylor then set a course northeast according to their compass, which should take them to Florida if they were in Key West. When that failed, Taylor set a course west according to their compass, which should have taken them to Florida if they were in the Bahamas. If Taylor had stayed on this course, he would have reached land before running out of fuel. However, at some point, Taylor decided that he had tried going west enough. He then once again set a course northeast, thinking they were near Key West after all. Finally, his flight ran out of fuel and may have crashed into the ocean somewhere north of Abaco Island and east of Florida.
802:) belief that he was on a base course toward Florida, Taylor actually guided the flight farther northeast and out to sea. Further, it was general knowledge at NAS Fort Lauderdale that, if a pilot ever became lost in the area, to fly a heading of 270° (due west). Likewise, a rule of thumb was that any pilot who got lost going south would simply turn his plane around with the sun on his port side and then follow the Florida coast heading north. By the time the flight actually turned west, they were likely so far out to sea that they had already passed their aircraft's fuel endurance. This factor, combined with bad weather and the ditching characteristics of the Avenger, meant that there was little hope of rescue, even if they had managed to stay afloat.
519:
464:
to questions about why the students did not simply head west on their own. It has been explained that this can be attributed to military discipline. As the weather deteriorated, radio contact became intermittent, and it was believed that the five aircraft by this point were more than 200 nmi (230 mi; 370 km) out to sea, east of the
Florida peninsula. Taylor radioed "We'll fly 270 degrees west until landfall or running out of gas" and requested a weather check at 17:24. By 17:50, several land-based radio stations had triangulated Flight 19's position as being within a 100 nmi (120 mi; 190 km) radius of
615:
105:
439:
response after a few moments was a request from the others in the flight for suggestions. FT-74 tried again and a man identified as FT-28 (Taylor) came on. "FT-28, this is FT-74, what is your trouble?" "Both of my compasses are out", Taylor replied, "and I am trying to find Fort
Lauderdale, Florida. I am over land but it's broken. I am sure I'm in the Keys but I don't know how far down and I don't know how to get to Fort Lauderdale." FT-74 informed the NAS that aircraft were lost, then advised Taylor to put the sun on his
245:
2565:
2549:
2530:
2516:
2494:
2477:
2454:
2438:
2417:
2400:
867:
clearly readable 23990) as a flight lost at sea on
October 9, 1943, over two years before Flight 19 (its crew all survived), but he was unable to definitively identify the other planes; the documentary concluded that "Despite the odds, they are just a random collection of accidents that came to rest in the same place 12 miles from home."
322:) until reaching Hens and Chickens Shoals, commonly called Chicken Rocks, where low level bombing practice was carried out. The flight was to continue on that heading for another 67 nmi (77 mi; 124 km) before turning onto a course of 346° for 73 nmi (84 mi; 135 km), in the process over-flying
331:
498:
At 18:04, Taylor radioed to his flight "Holding 270. We didn't fly far enough east; we may as well just turn around and fly east again". By that time, the weather had deteriorated even more and the sun had set. Around 18:20, Taylor's last message was received. (It has also been reported that Taylor's
447:
transmitter), which could be used to triangulate the flight's position, but the message was not acknowledged by FT-28. (Later he would indicate that his transmitter was activated.) Instead, at 16:45, FT-28 radioed: "We are heading 030 degrees for 45 minutes, then we will fly north to make sure we are
434:
Radio conversations between the pilots were overheard by the base and other aircraft in the area. The practice bombing operation is known to have been carried out because, at about 15:00, a pilot requested and was given permission to drop his last bomb. Forty minutes later, another flight instructor,
305:
principles, which involved calculating, among other things, elapsed time. The apparent lack of timekeeping equipment was not a cause for concern, as it was assumed each man had his own watch. Takeoff was scheduled for 13:45 local time, but the late arrival of Taylor delayed departure until 14:10. The
1603:
The undersea explorers who announced last month that they might have discovered five Navy planes that vanished mysteriously in 1945, laying a foundation for the myth of a craft-swallowing
Caribbean twilight zone, said that on closer inspection, the planes they found turned out not to be those of the
797:
Had Flight 19 actually been where Taylor believed it to be, the flight would have made landfall with the
Florida coastline within 20 minutes, depending on how far down they were. However, a later reconstruction of the incident showed that the islands visible to Taylor were probably the Bahamas, well
463:
if he had one. He did not acknowledge but, a few minutes later, advised his flight "Change course to 090 degrees (due east) for 10 minutes." About the same time, someone in the flight said, "Dammit, if we could just fly west we would get home; head west, dammit." This difference of opinion later led
438:
An unidentified crew member asked Powers, one of the students, for his compass reading. Powers replied: "I don't know where we are. We must have got lost after that last turn." Cox then transmitted; "This is FT-74, plane or boat calling 'Powers' please identify yourself so someone can help you." The
1643:
Hawkes has since changed his story. Now he says both he (because his investors didn't want to waste valuable time on an investigation) and the
Pentagon (because they had more important things to worry about) had an interest in making the story go away. He admits that while he didn't find conclusive
877:
Records showed that training accidents between 1942 and 1945 accounted for the loss of 95 aviation personnel from NAS Fort
Lauderdale. In 1992, another expedition located scattered debris on the ocean floor, but nothing could be identified. In the 2000s, searchers expanded their search area farther
778:
Flight leader Lt. Charles C. Taylor had mistakenly believed that the small islands he passed over were the
Florida Keys, that his flight was over the Gulf of Mexico, and that heading northeast would take them to Florida. It was determined that Taylor had passed over the Bahamas as scheduled, and he
833:
After trying that for a while and with no land in sight, Taylor decided that it was impossible for them to fly so far west and not reach
Florida. He believed that he might have been near the Key West Islands. What followed was a series of serious conversations between Taylor, his other aircrew and
235:
after his compasses stopped working, resulting in the flight heading over open sea and away from land. The report was later amended by the Navy to read "cause unknown" to avoid blaming Taylor for the loss of five aircraft and 14 men. The report attributed the loss of the PBM search aircraft to an
866:
announced that the wreckage of five Avengers had been discovered off the coast of Florida, but their tail numbers revealed they were not Flight 19. In 2004, a BBC documentary showed Hawkes returning with a new submersible 12 years later and identifying one of the planes by its bureau number (a
263:
Charles Carroll Taylor, had about 2,500 flying hours, mostly in aircraft of this type, while his trainee pilots each had 300 total and 60 flight hours in the Avenger. Taylor had completed a combat tour in the Pacific theater as a torpedo bomber pilot on the aircraft carrier
2607:
779:
did, in fact, lead his flight to the northeast over the Atlantic. The report noted that some subordinate officers did likely know their approximate position, as indicated by radio transmissions stating that flying west would result in reaching the mainland.
829:
Islands. The control tower then suggested that Taylor's team should fly west, which would have taken them to the landmass of Florida eventually. Taylor headed for what he thought was west, but in reality it was northwest, almost parallel to Florida.
301:, Grumman-built Avengers were designated TBF and GM-built aircraft such as these were designated TBM. Each was fully fueled, and during pre-flight checks, it was discovered they were all missing clocks. Navigation of the route was intended to teach
920:, in pristine condition with full fuel tanks, one of several mysterious events that imply extraterrestrial activity. In the film's ending scene, the crew returns to Earth from the alien mothership, seemingly the same age as at their disappearance.
793:
This report was subsequently amended "cause unknown" by the Navy after Taylor's mother contended that the Navy was unfairly blaming her son for the loss of 5 aircraft and 14 men, when the Navy had neither the bodies nor the airplanes as evidence.
782:
As noted in the report, Taylor refused to change the radio training frequency to the search and rescue radio frequency. (The training frequency was difficult to use because of interference from Cuban radio stations and also a radio carrier
901:
As of the 2020s, no trace of the five TBM Avengers or the PBM Mariner and the 27 missing aviators have been found. The most likely conclusion is that the Avengers ran out of gas and ditched at sea, and the PBM had a mid-air explosion.
1111:. While many aircraft and ships have gone down in the region, some have been identified or achieved a greater resolution. One of the other unresolved losses was the disappearance of the largest ship in the Navy at the time, the
1494:
897:
was also, incorrectly, postulated to be from Flight 19. In fact this TBN-3E crashed March 16, 1947. The crash reportedly occurred because its pilot, Ensign Ralph N. Wachob, developed vertigo. Wachob was killed in the crash.
326:
island. The next scheduled turn was to a heading of 241° to fly 120 nmi (140 mi; 220 km) at the end of which the exercise was completed, and the Avengers would turn left to then return to NAS Ft. Lauderdale.
765:
The PBM could hold 9.83 tonnes of aviation gasoline. Its flexible fuel lines had a noted tendency to get loose in rough conditions, and leak gasoline. The most likely conclusion is that the PBM had a mid-air explosion.
309:
The exercise involved three legs, with the flight having flown four, the fourth being returning to NAS Ft. Lauderdale after reaching the Florida coast. After take off, they flew on heading 091° (almost due east) for
1958:
1416:
881:
A 2015 newspaper report claimed a wrecked World War II era warplane with Navy markings and two bodies still inside was retrieved by the Navy in the mid-1960s after being discovered by a hunter in the woods near
2131:
821:
and his compass was malfunctioning, he set a course to what he thought was southwest to head straight back to Fort Lauderdale. However, in reality this changed his course farther northwest, toward open ocean.
2622:
2000:
FT - 81: Pilot: 2nd Lt. Forrest J. Gerber, USMCR. Aircraft: TBM-1C. BuNo 46325. Crew: (Only one) Pfc. William Lightfoot, USMCR. That day, Corporal Allan Kosnar had asked to be excused from this exercise.
1269:
Board of Investigation Into 5 Missing TBM Airplanes and One PBM Airplane Convened by Naval Air Advanced Training Command, NAS Jacksonville, Florida 7 December 1945 and Related Correspondence (Flight 19)
1529:"One Man's Mission: Hunting the Lost Patrol Jon Myhre's Obsessive Search for Flight 19 has Cost Him Home, Job and Health. Have the Mysterious Forces of the Bermuda Triangle Claimed Yet Another Victim?"
874:
to make the story go away because it was an expensive and time-consuming distraction, and that, while admitting he had found no conclusive evidence, a statistician he consulted said it was Flight 19.
39:
293:
The aircraft were three TBM-1Cs (BuNo 45714, 'FT3'; BuNo 46325, 'FT81'; BuNo 73209, 'FT117'), one TBM-1E (BuNo 46094, 'FT36'); and one TBM-3 (BuNo 23307, 'FT28'). Each aircraft was a version of the
1644:
evidence that the planes were the same group that went missing in 1945, he consulted a statistician to establish the probability that they were not. "He said, 'You've got Flight 19,' " Hawkes says.
2652:
1775:: First broadcast (BBC1): Sun March 14, 2004; BBC4:Sat December 28, 2013, Mon January 6, 2014, Tue January 7, 2014, Thu March 6, 2014, Fri March 7, 2014, Tue August 9, 2014, Wed August 10, 2014
1796:
456:. This order was not acknowledged so he was asked to switch to 3000 kHz, the search and rescue frequency. Taylor replied – "I cannot switch frequencies. I must keep my planes intact."
275:
where he had also been a VTB (torpedo-bombing plane) instructor. The student pilots had recently completed other training missions in the area where the flight was to take place. They were
256:. The assignment was called "Navigation problem No. 1", a combination of bombing and navigation that other flights had completed or were scheduled to undertake that day. The flight leader,
1830:
A sad but equally historic note is the fact that 95 young Americans lost their lives at the NAS Fort Lauderdale base during 1942–1945 – the three most intensive training years of the war.
343:
14:10 on heading 091° for 56 nautical miles (104 km), drop bombs at Hens and Chickens shoals (B) until about 15:00 then continue on heading 091° for 67 nautical miles (124 km)
1604:
fabled 'Flight 19.' ... Mr. Hawkes said at a news conference that in four of the five cases, the tail numbers of the planes his team had found did not match those of the lost aircraft.
2662:
2124:
1620:
817:
Island lying in front of him as expected. Instead, he eventually saw a land mass to his right side, the northern part of Abaco Island. Believing that this landmass to his right was
1246:
298:
2617:
2338:
2332:
2117:
2536:
1761:
Graham Hawkes is also able to reveal, by using a state-of-the-art submarine, how five wrecks mysteriously wound up 730 feet down in the heart of the Bermuda Triangle.
1161:
2647:
2187:
1851:
1590:
2657:
2369:
2310:
2217:
1727:
887:
1536:
1349:
2237:
1793:
443:
wing and fly north up the coast to Fort Lauderdale. Base operations then asked if the flight leader's aircraft was equipped with a standard YG (
1785:
1094:
This particular plane was one crew member short. The airman in question, Corporal Allan Kosnar, "had asked to be excused from this exercise."
435:
Lieutenant Robert F. Cox in FT-74, who was forming up with his group of students for the same mission, received an unidentified transmission.
2257:
1217:
1131:
518:
1630:
1379:
1272:
755:. Captain Shonna Stanley reported unsuccessfully searching for survivors through a pool of oil and aviation gasoline. The escort carrier
1119:
724:
reported it had observed flames from an apparent explosion leaping 100 ft (30 m) high and burning for 10 minutes, at position
798:
northeast of the Keys, and that Flight 19 was exactly where it should have been. The board of investigation found that because of his (
2602:
2378:
1663:
1504:
912:
890:
requests for details in 2013, the names are still not known because the Navy does not have enough information to identify the bodies.
678:
flying boats originally scheduled for their own training flights were diverted to perform square pattern searches in the area west of
202:
131:
121:
1910:
2627:
2141:
1768:
1931:
2362:
1166:
710:
630:
1298:
2571:
2555:
2177:
2069:
825:
To further add to his confusion, he encountered a series of islands north of Abaco Island, which look very similar to the
549:
272:
210:
190:
69:
231:
A report by Navy investigators concluded that flight leader Lt. Charles C. Taylor mistook small islands offshore for the
2207:
1880:
859:
Jon Myhre raised this wreck from the ocean floor in 1990. He mistakenly believed that it was one of the missing planes.
460:
449:
444:
1987:
1450:
2277:
2247:
1817:
1748:
1479:
1582:
1843:
1171:
276:
2637:
2632:
2612:
2355:
1327:
925:
671:
2041:
2642:
1694:
Hall of Valor, the pilot, George Swint, went on to become a decorated war hero flying torpedo bombers from the
1136:
851:
714:
225:
1107:
The loss of Flight 19 and the rescue aircraft that went to look for them was not the Navy's only loss in the
2500:
2287:
1578:
1528:
727:
562:
353:
Turn left to heading 241° for 120 nautical miles (222 km) to end exercise north of NAS Fort Lauderdale.
870:
In March 2012, Hawkes was reported as saying it had suited both him (and indirectly his investors) and the
674:
departed after 18:00 to search for Flight 19 and guide them back if they could be located. After dark, two
2101:
2092:
1341:
214:
1122:
stated the vessel "probably sank in an unexpected storm", but the cause of the ship's loss is not known.
2081:
1716:
1695:
1240:
358:
17:50 radio triangulation establishes the flight's position to within 50 nautical miles (93 km) of
499:
last message was received at 19:04.) He was heard saying, "All planes close up tight ... we'll have to
774:
A 500-page Navy board of investigation report published a few months later made several observations:
681:
467:
402:
361:
2197:
856:
1782:
2227:
1706:
886:, Florida. The Navy initially said it was from Flight 19 but later recanted its statement. Despite
818:
294:
265:
183:
92:
45:
2109:
670:
As it became obvious the flight was lost, air bases, aircraft, and merchant ships were alerted. A
2483:
2460:
2424:
2267:
2020:
1902:
883:
878:
east, into the Atlantic Ocean, but the remains of Flight 19 have still not been confirmed found.
675:
620:
602:
524:
297:, built by General Motors' Eastern Aircraft Division under wartime production license. Under the
257:
218:
198:
110:
1372:"HyperWar: Findings of the Board of Investigation Into the Loss of Flight 19 (Bermuda Triangle)"
1565:
1500:
1371:
1322:
1268:
842:
In 1986, the wreckage of an Avenger was found off the Florida coast during the search for the
340:
283:
2381:
2297:
1702:
1625:
1108:
503:
unless landfall ... when the first plane drops below 10 gallons , we all go down together."
448:
not over the Gulf of Mexico." During this time no bearings could be made on the flight, and
194:
1659:
1800:
1789:
1772:
440:
306:
weather at NAS Fort Lauderdale was described as "favorable, sea state moderate to rough".
1794:
Transcript of the text of a shortened version of the program (including advertisements)
1765:
1690:
917:
894:
302:
279:
253:
186:
1932:"Researchers reveal key discovery in Bermuda Triangle: Wreckage 'has a story to tell'"
17:
2596:
2347:
2166:
1959:"Monument to crew lost during Flight 19 search will be dedicated April 11 at Patrick"
1474:
1417:"Monument to crew lost during Flight 19 search will be dedicated April 11 at Patrick"
863:
847:
810:
500:
311:
287:
1558:
871:
826:
814:
806:
762:
also reported losing radar contact with an aircraft at the same position and time.
756:
323:
232:
1299:"Flight 19 crew honored by House; disappearance began notion of Bermuda Triangle"
2444:
2406:
1306:
1112:
495:; Flight 19 was north of the Bahamas and well off the coast of central Florida.
244:
221:
2608:
Accidents and incidents involving United States Navy and Marine Corps aircraft
2012:
1723:
717:), called in a routine radio message at 19:30 and was never heard from again.
260:
1872:
1685:
1557:
The aircraft was TBM Avenger 45798, lost January 1945 off Florida coast from
742:
729:
696:
683:
577:
564:
482:
469:
417:
404:
376:
363:
2075:
1983:
1740:
1711:
1442:
1118:. The ship vanished in March 1918 on a trip from Barbados to Baltimore. The
319:
1813:
709:. US Navy Squadron Training No. 49 PBM-5 BuNo 59225 took off at 19:27 from
1401:
1267:
Naval Air Advanced Training Command Board of Inquiry (December 7, 1945).
843:
799:
252:
Flight 19 undertook a routine navigation and combat training exercise in
813:. He then proceeded northwest as planned. He fully expected to find the
206:
2096:
1660:"Online Video Extract from 'The Bermuda Triangle: Beneath the Waves'"
2564:
2548:
2529:
2515:
330:
2493:
2476:
2453:
2437:
2416:
2399:
248:
Lieutenant Charles Carroll Taylor, USNR, flight leader of Flight 19
348:
Turn left to heading 346° and fly 73 nautical miles (135 km).
334:
Flight 19's scheduled navigation exercise was on December 5, 1945.
329:
243:
1778:
459:
At 16:56, Taylor was again asked to turn on his transmitter for
315:
2351:
2113:
1744:
786:
Taylor was not at fault because the compasses stopped working.
453:
299:
U.S. Navy aircraft designation system used during World War II
2042:"Bermuda Triangle Mystery: What Happened to the USS Cyclops?"
923:
Flight 19 made an appearance in the 2006 direct-to-DVD movie
452:
could not be picked up. Taylor was told to broadcast on 4805
282:
Edward Joseph Powers and George William Stivers, U.S. Marine
916:. In the film's opening, the aircraft are discovered in the
789:
The loss of PBM-5 BuNo 59225 was attributed to an explosion.
838:
Avenger wreckage mistaken for Flight 19 and other searches
1402:"VPNAVY - VP-22 Mishap Summary Page - VP Patrol Squadron"
1496:
Naval Air Station Fort Lauderdale: A Catalyst for Growth
2623:
Military units and formations of the United States Navy
910:
Flight 19 is featured in the 1977 science-fiction film
1614:
1612:
1342:"Background on Naval Aircraft Bureau (Serial) Numbers"
1227:: 8–16. Archived from the original on January 27, 2012
809:
and instead reached another land mass in the southern
1621:"Graham Hawkes and the Race to the Bottom of the Sea"
236:
explosion in mid-air while searching for the flight.
660:
652:
644:
636:
626:
608:
598:
593:
556:
545:
537:
532:
197:on December 5, 1945, after losing contact during a
169:
161:
153:
145:
137:
127:
116:
98:
88:
83:
75:
65:
57:
52:
1903:"TBM-3 Avenger ( BuNo: 53118) – Mystery Solved!"
1245:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2653:Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport
2097:"Skeptoid #417: The Riddle of Flight 19 "
2663:United States Marine Corps in the 20th century
1271:(Report). United States Navy via iBiblio.org.
1155:
1153:
1151:
862:In 1991, a treasure-hunting expedition led by
2363:
2125:
1654:
1652:
8:
1986:. Naval Air Station Fort Lauderdale Museum.
1816:. Naval Air Station Fort Lauderdale Museum.
1726:for "extraordinary heroism" in 1944 and the
511:
217:were lost, as were all 13 crew members of a
32:
2078:by Naval Air Station Fort Lauderdale Museum
1844:"Were two dead pilots part of Lost Patrol?"
893:A wrecked plane found in the Everglades in
2391:
2370:
2356:
2348:
2132:
2118:
2110:
1297:Goodridge, Elisabeth (November 17, 2005).
517:
510:
394:PBM Mariner leaves NAS Banana River 19:27.
201:overwater navigation training flight from
38:
31:
2188:Australian National Airways Stinson crash
1741:"The Bermuda Triangle: Beneath the Waves"
1583:"Mystery of Bermuda Triangle Remains One"
1292:
1290:
940:The men of Flight 19 and PBM-5 BuNo 59225
2618:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1945
2072:by the Navy History and Heritage Command
1730:for "extraordinary achievement" in 1945.
1447:Naval Air Station Fort Lauderdale Museum
1211:
1209:
935:
1777:Alternative name (and full credits) at
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1162:"Bermuda Triangle: Behind the Intrigue"
1147:
932:Crews of Flight 19 and PBM-5 BuNo 59225
182:was the designation of a group of five
1751:from the original on December 28, 2014
1593:from the original on November 10, 2017
1539:from the original on December 13, 2019
1238:
2648:December 1945 events in North America
2218:Resko Przymorskie Dornier Do 24 crash
1705:that eventually gave its name to the
1320:"Mysteries of the Bermuda Triangle".
1160:Mayell, Hillary (December 15, 2003).
1132:List of people who disappeared at sea
1071:Wiley D. Cargill Sr., Seaman 1st, USN
389:and their last reported course, 270°.
7:
2017:Naval History & Heritage Command
1666:from the original on August 17, 2016
1453:from the original on August 16, 2018
1352:from the original on January 8, 2014
1346:Naval History & Heritage Command
1120:Naval History & Heritage Command
969:Charles C. Taylor, Lieutenant, USNR
805:It is possible that Taylor overshot
27:US Navy training flight lost in 1945
2658:1940s United States bomber aircraft
2238:USAAF Boeing B-17 Isle of Man crash
1913:from the original on March 23, 2018
1883:from the original on March 26, 2019
1083:Alfred J. Zywicki, Seaman 1st, USN
1990:from the original on July 14, 2011
1854:from the original on April 5, 2015
1820:from the original on July 14, 2011
1382:from the original on June 16, 2017
1275:from the original on June 16, 2017
913:Close Encounters of the Third Kind
25:
1619:Higginbotham, Adam (March 2012).
1077:Philip B. Neeman, Seaman 1st, USN
1067:Charles D. Arceneaux, Ensign, USN
1045:William E. Lightfoot, PFC, USMCR
1023:George W. Stivers, Captain, USMC
203:Naval Air Station Fort Lauderdale
2563:
2547:
2528:
2514:
2492:
2475:
2452:
2436:
2415:
2398:
2258:B-25 Empire State Building crash
2228:Liberator Commando disappearance
2142:Aviation accidents and incidents
1527:McCash, Vicki (August 9, 1992).
1042:Forrest J. Gerber, 2ndLt, USMCR
613:
224:that subsequently launched from
103:
1783:Dive to Bermuda Triangle (2004)
1568:and J. Baugher aircraft listing
1216:McDonell, Michael (June 1973).
990:Howell O. Thompson, SSgt, USMCR
974:Walter R. Parpart, ARM3c, USNR
1957:Gaffey, Mike (April 3, 2017).
1415:Gaffey, Mike (April 3, 2017).
1326:. Season 1. Episode 16. 2005.
1028:Robert F. Gallivan, Sgt, USMC
1010:Burt E. Baluk, JR., S1c, USNR
1008:Herman A. Thelander, S1c, USNR
1005:Joseph T. Bossi, Ensign, USNR
992:George R. Paonessa, Sgt, USMC
711:Naval Air Station Banana River
271:and had recently arrived from
226:Naval Air Station Banana River
1:
2178:American Airlines Flight 6001
1478:. Season 1. Episode 6. 2004.
1443:"Flight 19 the Lost Avengers"
1081:Donald E. Peterson, AMM1, USN
1079:James F. Osterheld, AOM3, USN
1065:Lloyd A. Eliason, Ensign, USN
1058:Walter G. Jeffery, LTJG, USN
1026:Robert P. Gruebel, Pvt, USMCR
286:Forrest James Gerber and USN
2208:American Airlines Flight 009
987:E. J. Powers, Captain, USMC
552:, Presumed mid-air explosion
399:19:50 Mariner explodes near
2278:National Airlines Flight 16
2248:Eastern Air Lines Flight 45
1842:Kaye, Ken (April 2, 2015),
1799:September 10, 2014, at the
1629:. p. 3. Archived from
1480:National Geographic Channel
1170:. p. 2. Archived from
1075:John T. Menendez, AOM3, USN
1069:Robert C. Cameron, RM3, USN
1063:Roger M. Allen, Ensign, USN
972:George Devlin, AOM3c, USNR
507:PBM-5 (Bureau Number 59225)
2679:
2076:"The Mystery of Flight 19"
1984:"The Mystery of Flight 19"
1073:James F. Jordan, ARM3, USN
888:Freedom of Information Act
240:Navigation training flight
184:General Motors TBM Avenger
33:Disappearance of Flight 19
2603:1945 in the United States
2389:
2330:
2157:
1516:– via Google Books.
1090:
1061:Harrie G. Cone, LTJG, USN
938:
926:Scooby-Doo! Pirates Ahoy!
672:Consolidated PBY Catalina
516:
228:to search for Flight 19.
44:A similar flight of five
37:
2311:Broadway Liberator crash
1566:NAS Ft Lauderdale Museum
1137:List of missing aircraft
720:At 21:15, the tanker SS
715:Patrick Space Force Base
2628:Flights (military unit)
2537:Airborne Transport DC-3
2070:"The Loss Of Flight 19"
1850:, Fort Lauderdale, FL,
1771:March 23, 2016, at the
1722:in 1945, receiving the
1493:Bloom, Minerva (2015).
1788:April 1, 2015, at the
1684:Indeed, as documented
857:Aviation archaeologist
527:similar to BuNo 59225.
431:
249:
18:Charles Carroll Taylor
1633:on September 10, 2014
1309:on November 26, 2005.
333:
290:Joseph Tipton Bossi.
247:
2503:Marine Sulphur Queen
1814:"Flight 19 Memorial"
1472:"Bermuda Triangle".
603:Martin PBM-5 Mariner
525:Martin PBM-5 Mariner
46:Grumman TBF Avengers
2339:► 1946
2333:1944 ◄
2048:. September 6, 2023
1225:Naval Aviation News
1174:on October 22, 2019
1167:National Geographic
819:Grand Bahama Island
739: /
693: /
574: /
513:
479: /
414: /
373: /
341:NAS Fort Lauderdale
295:Grumman TBF Avenger
132:NAS Fort Lauderdale
122:NAS Fort Lauderdale
93:Grumman TBM Avenger
34:
2425:Carroll A. Deering
2336:
2288:Beiping C-46 crash
2268:Elvetham air crash
2021:United States Navy
2013:"Bermuda Triangle"
1909:, April 18, 2014,
1715:) in 1944 and the
1587:The New York Times
1441:McElhiney, Allan.
676:Martin PBM Mariner
621:United States Navy
599:Aircraft type
432:
258:United States Navy
250:
219:Martin PBM Mariner
199:United States Navy
111:United States Navy
89:Aircraft type
2588:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2570:
2554:
2535:
2521:
2499:
2482:
2459:
2443:
2422:
2405:
2345:
2344:
2082:"The Lost Patrol"
1938:. August 31, 2021
1662:. YouTube. 2004.
1323:Decoding the Past
1100:
1099:
1095:
668:
667:
284:Second Lieutenant
254:TBM-type aircraft
177:
176:
16:(Redirected from
2670:
2638:Missing aviators
2633:Missing aircraft
2613:Bermuda Triangle
2568:
2567:
2552:
2551:
2533:
2532:
2519:
2518:
2497:
2496:
2480:
2479:
2457:
2456:
2441:
2440:
2420:
2419:
2403:
2402:
2392:
2382:Bermuda Triangle
2372:
2365:
2358:
2349:
2337:
2299:Honolulu Clipper
2152:
2151:
2149:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2111:
2106:
2095:(June 3, 2014).
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1810:
1804:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1737:
1731:
1703:aircraft carrier
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1656:
1647:
1646:
1640:
1638:
1616:
1607:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1581:(June 5, 1991).
1575:
1569:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1533:Sun-Sentinel.com
1524:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1305:. Archived from
1303:Free New Mexican
1294:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1264:
1251:
1250:
1244:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1222:
1213:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1157:
1109:Bermuda Triangle
1093:
936:
754:
753:
751:
750:
749:
744:
740:
737:
736:
735:
732:
708:
707:
705:
704:
703:
698:
694:
691:
690:
689:
686:
640:NAS Banana River
631:NAS Banana River
619:
617:
616:
589:
588:
586:
585:
584:
579:
575:
572:
571:
570:
567:
541:December 5, 1945
521:
514:
494:
493:
491:
490:
489:
484:
480:
477:
476:
475:
472:
429:
428:
426:
425:
424:
419:
415:
412:
411:
410:
407:
388:
387:
385:
384:
383:
378:
374:
371:
370:
369:
366:
195:Bermuda Triangle
109:
107:
106:
61:December 5, 1945
42:
35:
21:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2643:1945 in Florida
2593:
2592:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2541:
2525:
2508:
2469:
2430:
2385:
2376:
2346:
2341:
2335:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2198:Avro York crash
2195:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2140:
2138:
2091:
2066:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1993:
1991:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1967:
1965:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1916:
1914:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1886:
1884:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1857:
1855:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1823:
1821:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1801:Wayback Machine
1792:
1790:Wayback Machine
1776:
1773:Wayback Machine
1764:
1754:
1752:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1683:
1679:
1669:
1667:
1658:
1657:
1650:
1636:
1634:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1596:
1594:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1556:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1456:
1454:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1385:
1383:
1376:www.ibiblio.org
1370:
1369:
1365:
1355:
1353:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1328:History Channel
1319:
1318:
1314:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1278:
1276:
1266:
1265:
1254:
1237:
1230:
1228:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1187:
1177:
1175:
1159:
1158:
1149:
1145:
1128:
1105:
1096:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1027:
1009:
991:
973:
958:
947:
941:
934:
908:
840:
772:
747:
745:
743:28.59°N 80.25°W
741:
738:
733:
730:
728:
726:
725:
701:
699:
695:
692:
687:
684:
682:
680:
679:
614:
612:
582:
580:
578:28.59°N 80.25°W
576:
573:
568:
565:
563:
561:
560:
528:
509:
487:
485:
481:
478:
473:
470:
468:
466:
465:
422:
420:
416:
413:
408:
405:
403:
401:
400:
395:
390:
381:
379:
375:
372:
367:
364:
362:
360:
359:
354:
349:
344:
335:
242:
187:torpedo bombers
104:
102:
48:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2676:
2674:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2595:
2594:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2561:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2526:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2490:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2450:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2413:
2395:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2352:
2343:
2342:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2301:forced landing
2296:
2293:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2093:Dunning, Brian
2089:
2079:
2073:
2065:
2064:External links
2062:
2060:
2059:
2033:
2004:
1975:
1949:
1923:
1894:
1873:"FT-28 Theory"
1864:
1834:
1805:
1732:
1691:Military Times
1677:
1648:
1608:
1570:
1550:
1519:
1506:978-1304076465
1505:
1485:
1464:
1433:
1407:
1393:
1363:
1333:
1312:
1286:
1252:
1185:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1127:
1124:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1059:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1006:
1003:
997:
996:
993:
988:
985:
979:
978:
975:
970:
967:
961:
960:
955:
952:
949:
943:
942:
939:
933:
930:
918:Sonoran Desert
907:
904:
895:Broward County
839:
836:
791:
790:
787:
784:
780:
771:
768:
666:
665:
662:
658:
657:
654:
650:
649:
646:
642:
641:
638:
634:
633:
628:
624:
623:
610:
606:
605:
600:
596:
595:
591:
590:
558:
554:
553:
547:
543:
542:
539:
535:
534:
530:
529:
522:
508:
505:
303:dead reckoning
241:
238:
211:naval aviators
175:
174:
171:
167:
166:
163:
159:
158:
155:
151:
150:
147:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
118:
114:
113:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
81:
80:
79:Atlantic Ocean
77:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
50:
49:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2675:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2591:
2576:
2575:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2538:
2531:
2527:
2524:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2495:
2491:
2489:
2488: (AC-10)
2487:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2466:
2464:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2427:
2426:
2418:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2380:
2373:
2368:
2366:
2361:
2359:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2340:
2334:
2329:
2322:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2289:
2279:
2269:
2259:
2249:
2239:
2229:
2219:
2209:
2199:
2189:
2179:
2169:
2168:
2167:China Clipper
2156:
2143:
2135:
2130:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1964:
1960:
1953:
1950:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1865:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1762:
1755:September 10,
1750:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1670:September 10,
1665:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1637:September 10,
1632:
1628:
1627:
1626:Men's Journal
1622:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1597:September 10,
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1554:
1551:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1520:
1512:September 20,
1508:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1489:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1475:Naked Science
1468:
1465:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1437:
1434:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1408:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1242:
1226:
1219:
1218:"Lost Patrol"
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1110:
1102:
1089:
1085:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
989:
986:
984:
981:
980:
976:
971:
968:
966:
963:
962:
956:
953:
950:
945:
944:
937:
931:
929:
928:
927:
921:
919:
915:
914:
905:
903:
899:
896:
891:
889:
885:
879:
875:
873:
868:
865:
864:Graham Hawkes
860:
858:
854:
853:
849:
848:Space Shuttle
845:
837:
835:
831:
828:
823:
820:
816:
812:
811:Abaco Islands
808:
803:
801:
795:
788:
785:
781:
777:
776:
775:
770:Investigation
769:
767:
763:
761:
760:
752:
748:28.59; -80.25
723:
718:
716:
712:
706:
677:
673:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
632:
629:
627:Flight origin
625:
622:
611:
607:
604:
601:
597:
592:
587:
583:28.59; -80.25
559:
555:
551:
550:Disappearance
548:
544:
540:
536:
531:
526:
520:
515:
512:PBM-5 Mariner
506:
504:
502:
496:
492:
462:
457:
455:
451:
446:
442:
436:
427:
398:
393:
386:
357:
352:
347:
342:
338:
332:
328:
325:
321:
317:
313:
307:
304:
300:
296:
291:
289:
285:
281:
278:
274:
270:
269:
262:
259:
255:
246:
239:
237:
234:
229:
227:
223:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
185:
181:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
133:
130:
126:
123:
119:
117:Flight origin
115:
112:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
82:
78:
74:
71:
70:Disappearance
68:
64:
60:
56:
51:
47:
41:
36:
30:
19:
2590:
2573:
2557:
2522:
2502:
2485:
2465: (AC-9)
2462:
2446:
2423:
2411: (AC-4)
2408:
2320:
2298:
2165:
2100:
2085:
2052:November 26,
2050:. Retrieved
2045:
2036:
2024:. Retrieved
2016:
2007:
1999:
1992:. Retrieved
1978:
1968:November 26,
1966:. Retrieved
1962:
1952:
1942:November 26,
1940:. Retrieved
1935:
1926:
1915:, retrieved
1906:
1897:
1885:. Retrieved
1876:
1867:
1856:, retrieved
1848:Sun Sentinel
1847:
1837:
1829:
1824:December 13,
1822:. Retrieved
1808:
1760:
1753:. Retrieved
1735:
1718:
1710:
1697:
1689:
1680:
1668:. Retrieved
1642:
1635:. Retrieved
1631:the original
1624:
1602:
1595:. Retrieved
1586:
1573:
1560:
1553:
1543:December 13,
1541:. Retrieved
1532:
1522:
1510:. Retrieved
1499:. Lulu.com.
1495:
1488:
1473:
1467:
1455:. Retrieved
1446:
1436:
1426:November 26,
1424:. Retrieved
1420:
1410:
1396:
1384:. Retrieved
1375:
1366:
1354:. Retrieved
1345:
1336:
1321:
1315:
1307:the original
1302:
1277:. Retrieved
1241:cite journal
1229:. Retrieved
1224:
1176:. Retrieved
1172:the original
1165:
1114:
1106:
1053:
1036:
1018:
1000:
982:
964:
924:
922:
911:
909:
900:
892:
880:
876:
869:
861:
850:
841:
832:
824:
815:Grand Bahama
804:
796:
792:
773:
764:
758:
722:Gaines Mills
721:
719:
669:
497:
458:
437:
433:
396:
391:
355:
350:
345:
336:
324:Grand Bahama
308:
292:
267:
251:
233:Florida Keys
230:
179:
178:
29:
1963:Viera Voice
1579:Golden, Tim
1421:Viera Voice
1103:Ship losses
746: /
700: /
637:Destination
581: /
486: /
421: /
380: /
318:; 104
277:U.S. Marine
222:flying boat
191:disappeared
128:Destination
2597:Categories
2574:Star Ariel
2558:Star Tiger
1766:Broadcasts
1724:Navy Cross
1698:Enterprise
1356:January 8,
1231:January 8,
1143:References
1054:BuNo 59225
957:Bureau Nr.
906:In fiction
852:Challenger
653:Fatalities
533:Occurrence
261:Lieutenant
146:Fatalities
53:Occurrence
2523:Flight 19
2484:USS
2461:USS
2407:USS
2384:incidents
2321:Flight 19
1994:March 24,
1936:TODAY.com
1917:March 22,
1907:AeroQuest
1887:March 26,
1877:AeroQuest
1719:Lexington
1717:USS
1712:Star Trek
1707:spaceship
1696:USS
1559:USS
1457:April 11,
1386:April 11,
1178:March 10,
884:Sebastian
807:Gorda Cay
757:USS
697:29°N 79°W
661:Survivors
483:29°N 79°W
418:28°N 80°W
377:29°N 79°W
314:(64
273:NAS Miami
266:USS
209:. All 14
193:over the
180:Flight 19
170:Survivors
2501:SS
2447:Cotopaxi
2445:SS
2102:Skeptoid
2026:March 4,
1988:Archived
1911:archived
1881:Archived
1858:April 6,
1852:archived
1818:Archived
1797:Archived
1786:Archived
1769:Archived
1749:Archived
1747:. 2004.
1664:Archived
1591:Archived
1561:Solomons
1537:Archived
1451:Archived
1380:Archived
1350:Archived
1348:. 2007.
1279:March 8,
1273:Archived
1126:See also
946:Aircraft
872:Pentagon
844:wreckage
827:Key West
800:dogmatic
759:Solomons
609:Operator
594:Aircraft
310:56
280:Captains
154:Injuries
149:14
99:Operator
84:Aircraft
2463:Proteus
2409:Cyclops
2379:List of
2146: (
2144:in 1945
2088:article
2084:a 1982
2046:HISTORY
1688:in the
1115:Cyclops
959:(BuNo)
846:of the
734:80°15′W
731:28°35′N
702:29; -79
569:80°15′W
566:28°35′N
546:Summary
488:29; -79
423:28; -80
382:29; -79
268:Hancock
213:on the
207:Florida
162:Missing
66:Summary
2486:Nereus
2307:Nov 22
2284:Oct 12
2254:Jul 28
2244:Jul 12
2234:Apr 23
2224:Mar 27
2204:Feb 23
2184:Jan 31
2174:Jan 10
2086:Flight
1503:
1086:59225
1048:46325
1031:73209
1019:FT-117
1013:45714
995:46094
977:23307
948:number
783:wave.)
618:
339:Leave
288:Ensign
215:flight
120:
108:
2572:BSAA
2569:1949:
2556:BSAA
2553:1948:
2534:1948:
2520:1945:
2498:1963:
2481:1941:
2458:1941:
2442:1925:
2421:1921:
2404:1918:
2317:Dec 6
2294:Nov 3
2274:Oct 5
2264:Oct 5
2214:Mar 5
2194:Feb 1
2162:Jan 8
1221:(PDF)
1037:FT-81
983:FT-36
965:FT-28
951:Pilot
713:(now
501:ditch
189:that
2148:1945
2054:2023
2028:2012
1996:2015
1970:2023
1944:2023
1919:2018
1889:2019
1860:2015
1826:2010
1779:IMDb
1757:2014
1701:(an
1686:here
1672:2014
1639:2014
1599:2014
1545:2019
1514:2015
1501:ISBN
1459:2018
1428:2023
1388:2018
1358:2014
1281:2008
1247:link
1233:2014
1180:2008
1113:USS
1001:FT-3
954:Crew
688:79°W
685:29°N
645:Crew
557:Site
538:Date
474:79°W
471:29°N
441:port
409:80°W
406:28°N
368:79°W
365:29°N
138:Crew
76:Site
58:Date
1745:BBC
1728:DFC
1709:in
454:kHz
450:IFF
445:IFF
312:nmi
2599::
2099:.
2044:.
2019:.
2015:.
1998:.
1961:.
1934:.
1905:,
1879:.
1875:.
1846:,
1828:.
1781::
1759:.
1743:.
1651:^
1641:.
1623:.
1611:^
1601:.
1589:.
1585:.
1564:.
1535:.
1531:.
1449:.
1445:.
1419:.
1378:.
1374:.
1344:.
1301:.
1289:^
1255:^
1243:}}
1239:{{
1223:.
1188:^
1164:.
1150:^
1039:*
855:.
656:13
648:13
523:A
461:YG
397:6.
392:5.
356:4.
351:3.
346:2.
337:1.
320:km
316:mi
205:,
165:14
141:14
2371:e
2364:t
2357:v
2150:)
2133:e
2126:t
2119:v
2105:.
2056:.
2030:.
1972:.
1946:.
1891:.
1803::
1674:.
1547:.
1482:.
1461:.
1430:.
1404:.
1390:.
1360:.
1330:.
1283:.
1249:)
1235:.
1182:.
1092:*
664:0
430:.
173:0
157:0
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
