307:
291:, lengthy hearings and investigations were conducted. The Committee found that the housing conditions at the time constituted a serious menace to public health in New York. There was a shortage of around 80,000 low-priced homes. Some 400,000 persons were directly affected by the scarcity in affordable dwellings and the poor quality of the existing ones. The proportion of dwellers per square foot was three to four times that of the pre-War level and considered a "menace to lives, health, morals and safety of the entire community."
279:
303:
up to that time – private landlord/tenant relationship. The new laws required that tenants receive 30 days notice before eviction, and also introduced certain strict conditions for eviction. The
Committee also made recommendations to stimulate housing construction. New laws granted local authorities the power to use tax incentives to encourage new construction and also allowed municipalities to invest in State Land Bank bonds, in an effort to divert investment capital into much needed housing construction.
394:(2nd D.). He was re-elected in 1945, and retired on December 31, 1947, at the end of the year that he reached the mandatory retirement age. After his retirement he continued to act as an official referee for the Court, handling complicated land acquisition cases in which the City of New York was defrauded millions of dollars each year by corrupt officials and crooked lawyers. He resigned in January 1954.
264:
the breakdown of the school system, due to the failure of teachers' pay to follow the soaring cost of living during the war. Because of a nervous breakdown, he was unable to defend the bill in the Senate. The bill advanced nevertheless. He also introduced a bill to sponsor the establishment of kindergartens in public schools. These efforts earned him the support of teachers' unions and the female vote.
342:. After nine years of public life and citing ill health, he did not seek re-election for a new term in the Senate in 1922, and focused on his family and private law practice. In 1923, he was considered for a federal judgeship in Brooklyn, but the business and labor interests that had been under scrutiny of the Lockwood Committee effectively opposed his nomination.
326:
Lockwood was actively involved in the litigation. Despite a series of court cases, the new laws remained in force. The decision of the highest New York State and
Federal courts to uphold the validity of the laws was a severe blow to those who had capitalized for their profit the housing shortage growing out of the war.
263:
as a senator he "sponsored and passed more big legislation than any two members of that body put together during the corresponding period". As chairman of the New York Senate
Committee on Public Education, he introduced legislation such as the Teachers' Salary Increase act, which did much to prevent
413:
on
November 22, 1950, that claimed 79 lives. The Commission recommended the state purchase and operation by non-profit public authority of the railway service. In 1954 he served as chairman of the Special Legislative Committee on Integrity and Ethical Standards in Government after it was discovered
325:
The enactment of the laws was only the first stage. The real estate sector saw them as unconstitutional and began a legal fight that would be waged all the way through the State courts and on up to the United States
Supreme Court. In defense of the bills he had sponsored and largely helped to draw,
302:
In April 1920, the
Committee issued a series of recommendations to diminish the rent spiral, resulting in the passage of twelve laws in the Anti-Rent Profiteering Bill. Property owners opposed the bill because it decreased landlords' unlimited control over property, and introduced courts into the –
294:
The committee uncovered corruption and wrongdoing at every level of the housing industry at a series of hearings and investigations. At the outset landlords who charged tenants usurious rents were in the committee's spotlight, but subsequently labor unions and building material suppliers were found
286:
Lockwood headed the Joint
Legislative Committee on Housing, better known as the Lockwood Committee, that was set up in 1919 to investigate renting and building conditions in New York City and end a spate of rent-raising as a result of the housing shortage after World War I. From April 1919 to March
431:
He died of a heart attack on
September 21, 1958, in Brooklyn, New York City, at the age of 81. He was survived by his second wife, Hilda Bisset Lockwood, and a son John Marshall Lockwood. His first wife, Patricia Bleiler Lockwood, whom he had married in 1906, died in 1957.
322:, opposed the Lockwood bills because of the curtailment of absolute property rights. It was feared that builders and investors would abandon investments because they could not get a full return on their investments, increasing the housing shortage.
883:
418:
tracks and racing associations. The
Committee proposed the first generally applicable state ethics law in New York. He was associated with the Guggenheimer & Untermyer law firm and was president of the Board of Trustees of the
295:
implicated in a racket that inflated housing costs. Banking and insurance practices in the real estate market were also examined and deemed inadequate. Due to the work of the
Committee's chief counsel, the consumer rights attorney
671:
169:, the son of James K. P. Lockwood (1845–1922) and Katherine Marshall Lockwood. After working in a drugstore in his boyhood and in a lumber yard, he attended evening high school and eventually graduated in 1900 at the
468:
1154:
357:
and was a strong proponent of the five-cent fare, a contentious issue, which in New York City had become a fundamental right that no politician could oppose without severe political consequences. At the
1144:
759:
855:
299:, the investigation exposed that commercial mortgage lenders charged up fees and expenses worth between 20 percent and 50 percent of the initial loan.
318:
The Lockwood committee's bills were opposed by the New York State Real Estate Board, among others. Officials in the administration of New York Mayor
1159:
791:
607:
734:, Social Networks and Archival Context (SNAC), Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities, University of Virginia. Retrieved July 15, 2015
981:
965:
672:
Brownsville Rent Strike Armistice Until Monday A.M; Meanwhile "Schleppers" Go on Strike and Tenants Are Jubilant - Lockwood Committee Meets
306:
273:
354:
1149:
288:
31:
949:
900:
Dewey Proposes Private Operation of the Long Island; Urges the Legislature to Help in Reorganizing of Road by Granting Concessions
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
209:
201:
193:
130:
1106:
363:
335:
145:
2nd District, 1932–1947. He is probably best known for presiding the Joint Legislative Committee on Housing, also known as the
113:
Presiding the Joint Legislative Committee on Housing, also known as the Lockwood Committee, investigating rents and housing in
359:
184:
In 1908 he established his own law firm. He ran a successful and lucrative practice and became financially independent.
102:
871:
899:
911:
447:
410:
350:
339:
941:
Without Blare of Trumpets: Walter Drew, the National Erectors' Association, and the Open Shop Movement, 1903-57
260:
999:
1006:
990:
205:
1018:
391:
178:
142:
81:
58:
807:
743:
704:
687:
591:
559:
527:
1071:
1054:
1042:
1026:
776:
Lockwood Retires from Public Life; Chairman of Housing Committee Will Not Seek Re-election to the Senate
775:
655:
575:
543:
509:
379:
213:
138:
278:
1139:
1134:
371:
1035:
204:, and became active in the local Brooklyn Republican clubs. In November 1913, he was elected to the
420:
406:
170:
839:
514:
282:
Tenants standing outside a building in Harlem where all tenants went on strike in September 1919.
760:
This month in real estate history - 1921: State committee unearths NYC commercial mortgage abuse
1064:
977:
961:
945:
828:
644:
375:
174:
923:
731:
628:
1083:
296:
134:
334:
His tenure as chairman of the Lockwood Committee increased his reputation. However, at the
1116:
398:
367:
346:
253:
1098:
473:
415:
249:
1128:
319:
150:
114:
173:. Prior to his graduation he worked as an office boy and clerk in the law office of
402:
197:
409:
as a member of the Temporary Long Island Railroad Commission, installed after the
141:, 1915–1922 (4th District 1915–1918, 7th District 1919–1922) and a justice of the
30:
972:
956:
940:
181:. Eventually, he became an associate of the firm and would remain for 14 years.
154:
118:
469:
Lockwood, Republican David, Loosens Housing Sling for Battle With Goliath Hylan
973:
The Wheels That Drove New York: A History of the New York City Transit System
856:
Lockwood In Law Firm; Justice and Referee Retired From Supreme Court Friday
608:
5,000 Women Aid Lockwood; Many School Teachers Campaigning for the Senator
166:
77:
54:
401:
appointed Lockwood along with New York City’s construction coordinator
129:(September 2, 1877 – September 21, 1958) was an American lawyer and a
924:
New York State Bar Association Task Force on Government Ethics Report
414:
that influential politicians acquired substantial blocks of stock in
310:"Out of Luck." United States Supreme Court Upholds N.Y. Rental Laws.
732:
New York State Legislature, Joint Legislative Committee on Housing
305:
277:
705:
Intermediate report of the Joint Legislative Committee on Housing
259:
The Republican Lockwood was a prolific legislator. According to
338:, he ran unsuccessfully on the Republican Coalition ticket for
707:, Legislative document (1922) no. 60, State of New York, p.7
872:
Dewey Names 3 Men to Study 'All Aspects' of the L.I. Road
1155:
Republican Party members of the New York State Assembly
744:
Housing Shortage As Bad Now As Ever, Witnesses Testify
345:
In 1926, he was appointed by the Democratic Governor,
656:
43 Companies Agree To Drop Monopoly Of Fire Insurance
688:
Finds City Short 80,000 Homes For 400,000 Residents
109:
97:
89:
66:
40:
21:
355:unify the subway system under municipal authority
1145:Republican Party New York (state) state senators
390:In 1931, Lockwood was elected a justice of the
914:, Albany Law School. Retrieved: July 17, 2015
8:
884:Dewey Asks State Control of Long Island Road
505:
503:
970:Roess, Roger P. & Gene Sansone (2013).
501:
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
489:
487:
485:
483:
464:
462:
460:
458:
456:
986:
200:political machine, Lockwood turned to the
29:
18:
912:Harness Racing and New York’s Ethics Laws
208:(Kings Co., 5th D.), and was a member in
957:The Great Rent Wars: New York, 1917-1929
216:, where he sat from 1915 to 1922 in the
874:, The New York Times, November 26, 1950
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
450:, Ancestry.com; retrieved July 14, 2015
440:
146:
101:New York State Senator; Justice of the
362:, he ran on the Republican ticket for
212:. The same year he was elected to the
576:Still Seeking Plan for Teachers' Rise
165:He was born on September 2, 1877, in
149:, investigating rents and housing in
7:
808:Lockwood Opposes Miller Transit Plan
792:New Transit Board Takes Office Today
560:Illness of Lockwood Blow To Teachers
274:1918-1920 New York City rent strikes
902:, The New York Times, March 8, 1951
252:, one of the United States' first
14:
246:145th New York State Legislatures
944:, University of Michigan Press,
1160:New York Supreme Court Justices
1107:Lieutenant Governor of New York
374:, but was defeated by Democrat
364:Lieutenant Governor of New York
192:Although Justice Gilbert was a
825:The Wheels That Drove New York
510:Charles C. Lockwood Dies at 81
147:Lockwood Committee (1919–1922)
1:
528:Citizens Union Senate Choices
397:In his final years, Governor
360:New York state election, 1928
289:amid a series of rent strikes
954:Fogelson, Robert M. (2013).
405:and former Secretary of War
336:New York City election, 1921
103:New York State Supreme Court
1010:Kings County, 5th District
351:New York Transit Commission
248:. He drew support from the
35:Charles C. Lockwood in 1921
1176:
271:
177:, a former justice at the
1150:Politicians from Brooklyn
1113:
1103:
1095:
1090:
1080:
1069:
1061:
1051:
1040:
1032:
1025:
1015:
1004:
996:
989:
960:, Yale University Press,
641:Without Blare of Trumpets
411:Richmond Hill train crash
340:New York City Comptroller
137:. He was a member of the
28:
1091:Party political offices
676:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle
592:Favor Kindergarten Bills
474:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle
386:NY Supreme Court Justice
261:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle
196:, well connected to the
1105:Republican nominee for
1007:New York State Assembly
991:New York State Assembly
703:New York State (1922).
206:New York State Assembly
544:Lockwood Attacks Hylan
448:Charles Clapp Lockwood
392:New York Supreme Court
315:
283:
179:New York Supreme Court
143:New York Supreme Court
127:Charles Clapp Lockwood
82:Kings County, New York
59:Kings County, New York
23:Charles Clapp Lockwood
1072:New York State Senate
1055:Kenneth F. Sutherland
1043:New York State Senate
1027:New York State Senate
1019:Fred G. Milligan, Jr.
938:Fine, Sidney (1995).
823:Roess & Sansone,
380:Franklin D. Roosevelt
309:
281:
214:New York State Senate
139:New York State Senate
518:, September 22, 1958
353:. Lockwood tried to
1000:Vincent A. O'Connor
846:, December 19, 1947
625:The Great Rent Wars
421:Brooklyn Law School
407:Robert P. Patterson
171:New York Law School
16:American politician
926:, January 28, 2011
888:Geneva Daily Times
860:The New York Times
844:The New York Times
814:, October 14, 1921
812:The New York Times
796:The New York Times
780:The New York Times
748:The New York Times
694:, January 31, 1922
692:The New York Times
660:The New York Times
614:, October 31, 1921
612:The New York Times
596:The New York Times
580:The New York Times
564:The New York Times
548:The New York Times
534:, October 22, 1916
532:The New York Times
515:The New York Times
316:
284:
268:Lockwood Committee
70:September 21, 1958
1123:
1122:
1114:Succeeded by
1081:Succeeded by
1065:Daniel J. Carroll
1052:Succeeded by
1016:Succeeded by
982:978-3-642-30483-5
966:978-0-300-19172-1
862:, January 4, 1954
750:, January 6, 1922
376:Herbert H. Lehman
175:Jasper W. Gilbert
124:
123:
105:, Second District
51:September 2, 1877
1167:
1096:Preceded by
1084:John A. Hastings
1062:Preceded by
1033:Preceded by
997:Preceded by
987:
927:
921:
915:
909:
903:
897:
891:
881:
875:
869:
863:
853:
847:
837:
831:
821:
815:
805:
799:
789:
783:
773:
767:
757:
751:
741:
735:
729:
708:
701:
695:
685:
679:
669:
663:
653:
647:
637:
631:
621:
615:
605:
599:
589:
583:
573:
567:
566:, April 22, 1920
557:
551:
550:, April 13, 1920
541:
535:
525:
519:
507:
478:
466:
451:
445:
427:Death and legacy
314:, April 20, 1921
297:Samuel Untermyer
202:Republican Party
188:Political career
133:politician from
131:Republican Party
73:
50:
48:
33:
19:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1117:Caleb H. Baumes
1110:
1101:
1086:
1077:
1074:
1067:
1057:
1048:
1045:
1038:
1021:
1012:
1009:
1002:
935:
930:
922:
918:
910:
906:
898:
894:
890:, March 8, 1951
882:
878:
870:
866:
854:
850:
838:
834:
822:
818:
806:
802:
790:
786:
774:
770:
758:
754:
742:
738:
730:
711:
702:
698:
686:
682:
670:
666:
654:
650:
638:
634:
622:
618:
606:
602:
598:, April 4, 1920
590:
586:
582:, April 9, 1920
574:
570:
558:
554:
542:
538:
526:
522:
508:
481:
477:, July 28, 1921
467:
454:
446:
442:
438:
429:
399:Thomas E. Dewey
388:
378:, who ran with
368:Albert Ottinger
347:Alfred E. Smith
332:
276:
270:
254:good government
190:
163:
85:
84:, United States
75:
71:
62:
61:, United States
52:
46:
44:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1173:
1171:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1102:
1099:Seymour Lowman
1097:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1079:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1050:
1039:
1036:Henry P. Velte
1034:
1030:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1003:
998:
994:
993:
985:
984:
968:
952:
934:
931:
929:
928:
916:
904:
892:
876:
864:
848:
840:Work Well Done
832:
816:
800:
784:
782:, July 1, 1922
768:
766:, May 31, 2011
752:
736:
709:
696:
680:
678:, May 10, 1919
664:
662:, June 8, 1921
648:
632:
616:
600:
584:
568:
552:
536:
520:
479:
452:
439:
437:
434:
428:
425:
416:harness racing
387:
384:
331:
328:
312:New York World
269:
266:
250:Citizens Union
189:
186:
162:
159:
122:
121:
111:
110:Known for
107:
106:
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
76:
74:(aged 81)
68:
64:
63:
53:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1172:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1118:
1109:
1108:
1100:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1076:
1075:7th District
1073:
1066:
1060:
1056:
1047:
1046:4th District
1044:
1037:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1011:
1008:
1001:
995:
992:
988:
983:
979:
975:
974:
969:
967:
963:
959:
958:
953:
951:
950:0-472-10576-0
947:
943:
942:
937:
936:
932:
925:
920:
917:
913:
908:
905:
901:
896:
893:
889:
885:
880:
877:
873:
868:
865:
861:
857:
852:
849:
845:
841:
836:
833:
830:
826:
820:
817:
813:
809:
804:
801:
798:, May 1, 1926
797:
793:
788:
785:
781:
777:
772:
769:
765:
764:The Real Deal
761:
756:
753:
749:
745:
740:
737:
733:
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
714:
710:
706:
700:
697:
693:
689:
684:
681:
677:
673:
668:
665:
661:
657:
652:
649:
646:
642:
636:
633:
630:
626:
620:
617:
613:
609:
604:
601:
597:
593:
588:
585:
581:
577:
572:
569:
565:
561:
556:
553:
549:
545:
540:
537:
533:
529:
524:
521:
517:
516:
511:
506:
504:
502:
500:
498:
496:
494:
492:
490:
488:
486:
484:
480:
476:
475:
470:
465:
463:
461:
459:
457:
453:
449:
444:
441:
435:
433:
426:
424:
422:
417:
412:
408:
404:
400:
395:
393:
385:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
356:
352:
348:
343:
341:
337:
330:Public office
329:
327:
323:
321:
320:John F. Hylan
313:
308:
304:
300:
298:
292:
290:
280:
275:
267:
265:
262:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
187:
185:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
160:
158:
156:
152:
151:New York City
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
120:
116:
115:New York City
112:
108:
104:
100:
98:Occupation(s)
96:
92:
88:
83:
79:
69:
65:
60:
56:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
1104:
1070:
1041:
1005:
976:, Springer,
971:
955:
939:
919:
907:
895:
887:
879:
867:
859:
851:
843:
835:
824:
819:
811:
803:
795:
787:
779:
771:
763:
755:
747:
739:
699:
691:
683:
675:
667:
659:
651:
640:
635:
624:
619:
611:
603:
595:
587:
579:
571:
563:
555:
547:
539:
531:
523:
513:
472:
443:
430:
403:Robert Moses
396:
389:
344:
333:
324:
317:
311:
301:
293:
285:
258:
198:Tammany Hall
191:
183:
164:
126:
125:
72:(1958-09-21)
1140:1958 deaths
1135:1877 births
155:World War I
119:World War I
90:Nationality
1129:Categories
1078:1919–1922
1049:1915–1918
623:Fogelson,
436:References
272:See also:
161:Early life
47:1877-09-02
349:, to the
372:governor
256:groups.
194:Democrat
167:Brooklyn
135:New York
93:American
78:Brooklyn
55:Brooklyn
933:Sources
980:
964:
948:
829:p. 199
645:p. 189
639:Fine,
287:1920,
153:after
117:after
1111:1928
1013:1914
629:p. 29
366:with
242:144th
238:143rd
234:142nd
230:141st
226:140th
222:139th
218:138th
978:ISBN
962:ISBN
946:ISBN
370:for
244:and
210:1914
67:Died
41:Born
1131::
886:,
858:,
842:,
827:,
810:,
794:,
778:,
762:,
746:,
712:^
690:,
674:,
658:,
643:,
627:,
610:,
594:,
578:,
562:,
546:,
530:,
512:,
482:^
471:,
455:^
423:.
382:.
240:,
236:,
232:,
228:,
224:,
220:,
157:.
80:,
57:,
49:)
45:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
