629:
119:
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52:
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1142:, p. 165):"Brigadier Armstrong, who served for some time at Mihailovic's headquarters, has stated: 'Poor Mihailovic had not got the weapons to fight the Germans with all their modern weapons: his supply depended on what his forces could capture. I remember particularly two air-drops at my HQ, one consisted mainly of gumboots , the other of office equipment.”
412:. According to some sources, he was carefully selected for this mission because of his lack of political contacts or skill. Together with members of his mission, Armstrong parachuted into Yugoslavia at the end of September 1943. Before he was dispatched to Chetnik headquarters, a previous member of British mission with the Chetniks,
476:
railway. This bridge was the longest bridge in Axis occupied
Yugoslavia destroyed by rebel guerillas. In this attack about 2,500 Chetniks killed about 350 Ustaše and German soldiers and captured a lot of ammunition and arms. Before the Chetniks stormed into Višegrad, they first destroyed four smaller
1056:, p. 77):"Partisans occupied Visegrad and their Radio Free Yugoslavia announced to the world that the entire operation had been Tito's. The BBC parroted 24 this claim. Mihailovic was enraged at London's niggardly support and resentful of BBC Serbian-language broadcasts which portrayed Tito ...."
565:
Armstrong inherited his predecessor’s (Colonel Bailey) task to convince
Mihailovic to increase his anti-Axis activities without providing him with adequate supplies. Armstrong and Albert Seitz, who headed the American Mission with the Chetniks, took part in the Chetnik action against Axis controlled
326:, on 10th August, he formed a rear-guard defence with his two guns against a party of sailors which had landed and cut off the main body from reserves. He handled his guns with great skill. At the crossing of the Sheika also he did excellent work with his guns.
512:
and Kalna, and both actions were again attributed to
Communists by the BBC. Archival evidence, published in 1980 for the first time, confirms that some actions against Axis carried by Mihailović and his Chetniks with Armstrong were mistakenly credited to
587:
Poor
Mihailovic had not got the weapons to fight the Germans with all their modern weapons: his supply depended on what his forces could capture. I remember particularly two air-drops at my HQ, one consisted mainly of gumboots , the other of office
582:
with final consequence that the
Chetniks were forced to leave this valley. Until December 1943 the British army delivered only 30 tons of arms to Chetniks and 18,000 tons to the Communist Partisans, who used many British arms to attack Chetniks.
604:
held between 25 and 28 January 1944 because he was dissatisfied with the refusal of the
Chetniks to follow British requests to perform two sabotages against the Germans. Armstrong insisted that Chetniks should destroy bridges over river
552:
Almost as soon as he reached
Chetnik headquarters, the relation of British mission toward Mihailović significantly deteriorated and tensions between American and British mission began to develop, with Armstrong seen as blatantly
1121:
Civil strife in
Yugoslavia: the United States response: hearing before the Subcommittee on European Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, February 21,
416:, advised him that the Chetniks were angry and that Mihailović "won't hear of British anymore". The United Kingdom had provided substantial supplies to Yugoslav Communist forces who opposed the Chetniks, while the
335:
937:, p. 87):"Demolished Railway Bridge near Visegrad in Bosnia. Col. Albert Seitz, the chief of American Mission and General (sic) Charles Armstrong, the chief of British Mission SOE took part in the action."
1127:...on Dec. 10, 1943. Until then the Chetniks had received only 30 tons of weaponry from the British, while the Partisans had got 18,000 tons. Tito turned many of those British guns against the Chetniks.
520:
Some authors blame the persistent misreporting of BBC and attribution of successful
Chetnik anti-Axis actions to Communists on a supposed strong network of Soviet spies in the BBC and the British
1758:
420:
repeatedly gave the
Communist forces credit for the anti-Axis actions of Chetniks, especially during September and October 1943. For example, when Chetniks attacked the German garrison in
1753:
1748:
1738:
1768:
1512:
508:
on 14 and 15 October and killed more than 200 Axis soldiers. The BBC again credited Communist forces with this success. In November 1943 the Chetniks attacked Axis positions at
837:, p. 19):"By comparison, Brigadier Charles Douglas Armstrong, selected to go to Mihailovich's headquarters, was a professional soldier with the distinguished soldier..."
1718:
1743:
1723:
1773:
517:
and his Communist forces. Armstrong sent an angry protest to the BBC insisting on the publication of correct information, to no avail. Mihailović was enraged.
191:
628:
617:
648:, returning to England in November 1946 to command a prisoner of war camp for Germans. He retired in December 1948 with the honorary rank of Brigadier.
51:
1108:, p. 440):"Да је пуковник Бејли спречавао четнике да разоружавају Итал ијане, потврдио је и Бригадир Чарлс Армстронг: ,,Мора.м изјавити да је ..."
1713:
1505:
850:, p. 250):"Charles Armstrong, a real brigadier, sent to Mihailovic, was equally carefully selected for his lack of political skill or contacts."
1485:
772:
521:
1155:, p. 288): " ... четничкој Врховној команди британски бригадир Армстронг одбио да присуствује конгресу због неизвршења задатака које су ... "
664:
633:
644:(CBE) for his war services. In August 1945, now a substantive Lieutenant Colonel, he took command of the 1st Battalion, East Surrey Regiment in
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1468:
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1341:
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700:, p. 28):" The last British presence with the Chetnik commander, an SOE mission under the command of Brigadier Charles Armstrong, ..."
358:, went to France with the 1st Battalion, East Surrey Regiment, before taking command of the 1/6th Battalion in April 1940 as a temporary
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Less than a week after Armstrong arrived at Chetnik headquarters he, Albert Seitz, head of the USA Mission with the Chetniks, and
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175:
663:. He died on 11 December 1985, at the age of 88. There is a memorial plaque to Armstrong in the East Surrey Regiment Chapel in
616:
Leaving Yugoslavia, Armstrong returned to England and, in June 1944, took command of the British Airborne Liaison Unit to the
1682:
1490:
460:. At the beginning of October 1943, based on Armstrong's instructions, Mihailović and his Chetniks organized an attack on
297:
489:, credited Yugoslav Communist Partisans for this successful action by the Chetniks. In spite of protests, including from
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452:. Armstrong and Seitz took part in the Chetnik action against Axis controlled units protecting the railway bridge over
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574:. Armstrong confirmed that Colonel Bailey insisted that Chetniks should not disarm Italians in the valley of river
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134:
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301:
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413:
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1526:
1118:
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on European Affairs (1991).
579:
378:
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402:
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In April 1942 he was posted to command the 70th (Young Soldiers) Battalion, and later 1st Battalion, the
366:
a month later, he remained in command of the battalion until April 1942. In October 1940 he received the
258:
606:
524:. This misreporting changed British public opinion and even influenced some high-ranking officials. But
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In July 1943 Armstrong was appointed Brigadier in command of the SOE sponsored Military Mission to the
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289:, he served in France from 1916 to 1918, where he was twice wounded and, in March 1918, made a
1728:
1677:
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1443:
1425:
Mattingly, Robert E. (1989). United States. Marine Corps. History and Museums Division (ed.).
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687:, p. 421):"Charles Douglas Armstrong, head of the British Liaison Mission to Mihailović."
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Over 2,500 guerrillas were gradually massed with their arms in the woods south of Visegrad.
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and during the battle captured the town and destroyed the railway bridge across the river
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17:
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1587:
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309:
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Operation Air Bridge: Serbian Chetniks and the Rescued American Airmen in World War II
1697:
1610:
1396:
The British connection: Russia's manipulation of British individuals and institutions
509:
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with the 1st Battalion, East Surrey Regiment in Egypt, Sudan, Hong Kong and India.
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For gallantry and devotion to duty during operations of 10th-11th August, 1919. At
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536:(which he read; they were secret until the 1970s) that Tito's Partisans were a
1030:, p. 73):"These actions, too, were credited to the Partisans by the BBC."
478:
421:
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1354:Италијанска војска и четници у другом светском рату у Југославији, 1941-1943
652:
1530:
505:
473:
469:
390:
254:
1312:
The bitter sea: the struggle for mastery in the Mediterranean, 1935-1949
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Repatriated in December 1918, by which time the war was over due to the
1017:, p. 73):"Once more, the Partisans were credited with the attack."
482:
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on 11 September, killed 200 German soldiers and captured the town, the
656:
498:
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commanded by British Major Archie Jack. British media, including the
323:
627:
567:
538:"much more effective and reliable ally in the war against Germany"
453:
436:
Witness to Chetnik anti-Axis actions, credited to Partisans by BBC
1431:. History and Museums Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps.
241:(11 June 1897 – 11 December 1985) was a British Army officer in
1494:
613:
near Raška as condition for his participation at the Congress.
486:
425:
417:
481:. The bridge in Višegrad was destroyed with help of British
1270:
American-British-Canadian Intelligence Relations, 1939-2000
504:
After the capture of Višegrad, the Chetniks also captured
312:(MC) for gallantry. The citation for his MC, appearing in
1267:
Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri; Stafford, David (8 April 2014).
954:Био је то најдужи мост у земљи срушен од стране герилаца
249:. In the latter conflict he was the head of the British
1291:
SOE and The Resistance: As told in The Times Obituaries
532:
decrypts from the Government Code and Cipher School in
269:
Armstrong was born on 11 June 1897 and was educated at
1460:
Deception Operations: Studies in the East-West Context
697:
640:
In January 1945 Armstrong was made a Commander of the
620:. He remained in the UK for the remainder of the war.
1167:
Glasnik Srpskog istorijsko-kulturnog društva "Njegoš"
561:
Chetniks ignore Armstrong's orders to destroy bridges
1645:
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405:, and one of the principal resistance movements in
350:In October 1939, a month after the outbreak of the
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1759:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
1428:Herringbone cloak - GI dagger, marines of the OSS
448:and the destruction of the railway bridge across
56:Brigadier Charles Armstrong with Chetnik officer
1095:, p. 76):"Armstrong was blatantly anti-OSS"
996:
994:
1754:British Army personnel of the Russian Civil War
1436:Rootham, Jasper; Димитријевић, Бојан Б (2004).
1079:
1066:
1027:
1014:
913:
911:
909:
900:
585:
320:
1749:British Special Operations Executive personnel
1249:Ambassador MacVeagh Reports: Greece, 1933-1947
971:. Marine Corps Association. 1946. p. 16.
1739:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
1506:
1230:(Supplement). 17 December 1948. p. 6614.
548:Tensions between American and British mission
8:
1769:World War I prisoners of war held by Germany
1417:Četnički pokret Draže Mihailovića: 1941-1945
823:(Supplement). 18 October 1940. p. 6114.
261:in Yugoslavia from July 1943 to early 1944.
179:1st Battalion, Duke of Wellington's Regiment
803:(Supplement). 20 January 1920. p. 925.
1513:
1499:
1491:
1457:Charters, David; Tugwell, Maurice (1990).
1375:OSS and the Yugoslav resistance, 1943-1945
1210:(Supplement). 30 March 1945. p. 1767.
1190:(Supplement). 2 January 1945. p. 207.
370:in recognition of his services in France.
31:
1092:
1053:
1040:
566:units protecting the railway bridge over
560:
432:'s Communist Partisans with the victory.
929:
927:
684:
600:Armstrong refused to participate in the
501:, the BBC did not make any corrections.
1719:British Army brigadiers of World War II
1486:Biography on Queensroyalsurreys website
1105:
676:
665:All Saints Church, Kingston upon Thames
634:All Saints Church, Kingston upon Thames
1420:. Beogradski izdavačko-grafički zavod.
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1744:People educated at Cheltenham College
1724:British Army personnel of World War I
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172:1/6th Battalion, East Surrey Regiment
7:
1774:British World War I prisoners of war
1288:Tillotson, Michael (11 March 2011).
985:
952:. Politika. March 2008. p. 11.
918:
847:
834:
318:in January 1920, reads as follows:
1442:. Institut za savremenu istoriju.
1378:. Texas A&M University Press.
1357:. Институт за савремену историjу.
1246:Iatrides, John O. (14 July 2014).
698:Jeffreys-Jones & Stafford 2014
336:Indian North West Frontier 1930-31
174:70th (Young Soldiers') Battalion,
25:
949:NIN: nedeljne informativne novine
720:. A & C Black, London. 1991.
275:Royal Military College, Sandhurst
1714:Recipients of the Military Cross
1521:
1309:Ball, Simon J. (16 April 2009).
632:Memorial plaque to Armstrong in
377:which, in early 1943 he took to
117:
97:
50:
27:British Army officer (1897–1985)
1529:missions to Draža Mihailović's
864:Rootham & Димитријевић 2004
277:, he was commissioned into the
1252:. Princeton University Press.
750:. 16 April 1915. p. 3726.
1:
1734:East Surrey Regiment officers
375:Duke of Wellington's Regiment
253:(SOE) liaison mission to the
176:Duke of Wellington's Regiment
1663:Office of Strategic Services
1658:Special Operations Executive
1653:Yugoslav government-in-exile
1336:. Serbian Master's Society.
495:Yugoslav government in exile
308:in 1919 and was awarded the
251:Special Operations Executive
163:Special Operations Executive
1125:. U.S. G.P.O. p. 146.
1080:Charters & Tugwell 1990
1067:Charters & Tugwell 1990
1028:Charters & Tugwell 1990
1015:Charters & Tugwell 1990
901:Charters & Tugwell 1990
642:Order of the British Empire
578:and to avoid conflict with
528:reason was the evidence of
368:Distinguished Service Order
211:Distinguished Service Order
207:Order of the British Empire
1790:
1764:Machine Gun Corps officers
1330:Pešić, Miodrag D. (2002).
651:In retirement he lived in
446:Chetnik attack on Višegrad
1683:Mission Greenwood–Rootham
1577:Charles Douglas Armstrong
594:Charles Douglas Armstrong
542:Yugoslavia and the Allies
281:in April 1915 during the
226:Charles Douglas Armstrong
49:
40:Charles Douglas Armstrong
18:Charles Douglas Armstrong
1393:Deacon, Richard (1979).
968:The Marine Corps Gazette
773:"Biography of Armstrong"
659:and was a member of the
618:Polish Parachute Brigade
1351:Николић, Коста (2009).
775:. Queen's Royal Surreys
522:Ministry of Information
1414:Latas, Branko (1979).
637:
598:
338:, serving much of his
328:
298:armistice with Germany
273:. After attending the
718:Who Was Who 1981-1990
631:
493:and officials of the
401:force led by General
279:East Surrey Regiment
155:East Surrey Regiment
1619:Walter R. Mansfield
1372:Ford, Kirk (1992).
661:Special Forces Club
410:occupied Yugoslavia
395:Serbian nationalist
385:Mission to Chetniks
354:, Armstrong, now a
332:Mesopotamia 1920-21
1668:Operation Bullseye
1624:Robert H. McDowell
1227:The London Gazette
1207:The London Gazette
1187:The London Gazette
820:The London Gazette
800:The London Gazette
747:The London Gazette
638:
360:lieutenant colonel
330:He was present in
315:The London Gazette
285:. Seconded to the
271:Cheltenham College
1691:
1690:
1678:Operation Halyard
1570:Kenneth Greenlees
1470:978-0-08-036706-4
1406:978-0-241-10150-6
1385:978-0-89096-517-7
1364:978-86-7403-130-8
1343:978-86-82235-12-5
1301:978-1-4411-4356-3
1294:. A&C Black.
1280:978-1-135-27202-9
1259:978-1-4008-5548-3
595:
491:Kenneth Pickthorn
444:saw a successful
362:. Evacuated from
340:inter-war service
306:Russian Civil War
287:Machine Gun Corps
220:
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205:Commander of the
192:Russian Civil War
159:Machine Gun Corps
16:(Redirected from
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1628:Ellsworth Kramer
1596:Zaharije Ostojić
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1480:External links
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1041:Tillotson 2011
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144:
142:Service number
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
114:
108:
107:
105:United Kingdom
94:
90:
89:
88:(aged 88)
82:
78:
77:
67:
63:
62:
60:, autumn 1943.
55:
47:
46:
43:
39:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
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2:
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1611:United States
1608:
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1497:
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1484:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1466:
1463:. Brassey's.
1462:
1461:
1455:
1451:
1449:9788674030905
1445:
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1328:
1324:
1322:9780007203048
1318:
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1297:
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1286:
1282:
1276:
1273:. Routledge.
1272:
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1132:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1082:, p. 72)
1081:
1075:
1072:
1069:, p. 74)
1068:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1004:, p. 86)
1003:
997:
995:
991:
988:, p. 21)
987:
981:
978:
974:
970:
969:
962:
959:
955:
951:
950:
943:
940:
936:
930:
928:
924:
921:, p. 20)
920:
914:
912:
910:
906:
903:, p. 73)
902:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
882:
879:, p. 78)
878:
872:
869:
865:
859:
857:
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843:
840:
836:
830:
827:
822:
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796:
790:
787:
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766:
764:
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760:
758:
754:
749:
748:
743:
737:
734:
729:
727:0-7136-3336-0
723:
719:
713:
711:
709:
707:
703:
699:
693:
690:
686:
685:Iatrides 2014
680:
677:
670:
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
649:
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643:
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623:
621:
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589:
584:
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531:
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109:
106:
95:
91:
83:
79:
68:
64:
59:
53:
48:
33:
30:
19:
1601:Michael Lees
1581:Albert Seitz
1553:
1533:headquarters
1459:
1438:
1427:
1416:
1399:. Hamilton.
1395:
1374:
1353:
1332:
1311:
1290:
1269:
1248:
1239:Bibliography
1225:
1216:
1205:
1196:
1185:
1176:
1166:
1160:
1147:
1134:
1126:
1120:
1113:
1106:Николић 2009
1100:
1087:
1074:
1061:
1048:
1035:
1022:
1009:
980:
972:
967:
961:
953:
948:
942:
871:
842:
829:
818:
809:
798:
789:
777:. Retrieved
745:
736:
717:
692:
679:
650:
639:
615:
599:
586:
564:
551:
537:
519:
503:
439:
388:
379:North Africa
372:
349:
329:
321:
313:
302:North Russia
295:
268:
247:World War II
225:
221:
196:World War II
184:Battles/wars
125:British Army
86:(1985-12-11)
76:11 June 1897
29:
1709:1985 deaths
1704:1897 births
1637:Nick Lalich
1592:Robert Wade
1584:Archie Jack
1561:Bill Hudson
1222:"No. 38484"
1202:"No. 37010"
1182:"No. 36876"
1140:Deacon 1979
815:"No. 34975"
795:"No. 31745"
742:"No. 29133"
602:Ba Congress
526:Churchill's
477:bridges in
334:and on the
304:during the
243:World War I
188:World War I
1698:Categories
1573:Neil Selby
1153:Latas 1979
1002:Pešić 2002
935:Pešić 2002
877:Pešić 2002
779:20 January
671:References
609:and river
588:equipment.
510:Nova Varoš
479:Mokra Gora
422:Prijepolje
265:Early life
257:forces of
93:Allegiance
72:1897-06-11
44:CBE DSO MC
986:Ford 1992
919:Ford 1992
848:Ball 2009
835:Ford 1992
653:Camberley
636:, Surrey.
580:Partisans
428:credited
223:Brigadier
135:Brigadier
36:Brigadier
1729:Chetniks
591:—
572:Višegrad
506:Rogatica
470:Sarajevo
462:Višegrad
458:Višegrad
399:royalist
391:Chetniks
169:Commands
111:Service/
1554:†
1531:Chetnik
646:Austria
483:sappers
468:on the
364:Dunkirk
255:Chetnik
1550:
1527:Allied
1467:
1446:
1403:
1382:
1361:
1340:
1319:
1298:
1277:
1256:
724:
657:Surrey
607:Morava
540:; see
499:London
442:Hudson
324:Sludka
202:Awards
122:
113:branch
102:
568:Drina
553:anti-
530:Ultra
474:Užice
466:Drina
454:Drina
450:Drina
356:major
236:
232:
146:11740
1465:ISBN
1444:ISBN
1401:ISBN
1380:ISBN
1359:ISBN
1338:ISBN
1317:ISBN
1296:ISBN
1275:ISBN
1254:ISBN
1122:1991
781:2020
722:ISBN
611:Ibar
515:Tito
430:Tito
407:Axis
397:and
393:, a
245:and
151:Unit
131:Rank
81:Died
66:Born
576:Lim
570:in
555:OSS
497:in
487:BBC
456:in
426:BBC
418:BBC
234:DSO
230:CBE
1700::
1224:.
1204:.
1184:.
993:^
926:^
908:^
884:^
855:^
817:.
797:.
756:^
744:.
705:^
667:.
655:,
557:.
544:.
381:.
293:.
238:MC
1514:e
1507:t
1500:v
1473:.
1452:.
1409:.
1388:.
1367:.
1346:.
1325:.
1304:.
1283:.
1262:.
1151:(
1138:(
1104:(
1091:(
1078:(
1065:(
1052:(
1039:(
1026:(
1013:(
1000:(
984:(
933:(
917:(
899:(
875:(
862:(
846:(
833:(
783:.
730:.
696:(
683:(
472:-
74:)
70:(
20:)
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