562:
377:
501:
42:
760:
1244:
1172:
298:
928:
2670:
535:, who was guilty of nothing other than having been more successful than the viceroy in defeating the revolutionary movements. When Sulis was condemned to twenty years in gaol, the viceroy considered it a lenient sentence. Furthermore, in the persecution of "state criminals," Charles Felix legitimated the adoption of military procedures and granted every power to the police, from spying to censoring letters and placing bounties on suspects.
1101:
1224:, appeared off the coast of Tripoli. After a final attempt to pressure the Bey diplomatically, ten Sardinian longboats sailed into the harbour on the night of 27 September and set fire to a Tripolitanian brig and two schooners, routing or killing the Tripolitanian troops. This forced the Bey to take a more conciliatory approach.
693:
545:, the parliament of the kingdom, voted to pay a tax of 400,000 lire, Charles Felix exerted significant pressure to have the poorest classes exempted from the tax and he judged disputes in feudal jurisdiction in favour of vassals rather than feudal lords. When an anti-feudal revolt took place against the Duke of
1023:
Charles Felix, like every man of the
Restoration, which simultaneously included both reactionaries and reformers, had had a great variety of experiences and appeared to oscillate between the open revival of eighteenth-century despotism, which had come to an end with the Napoleonic state, and historic
989:
Nevertheless, the king was not entirely unaware of the need for reform and certainly exerted himself in the defense of the
Piedmontese realm from Pontifical and foreign intervention. He limited the privileges and exemptions of the church, which seemed harmful to the state, almost completely abolished
878:
The Royal
Delegation sat from 7 May to early October, in which time it issued 71 death sentences, 5 sentences of life imprisonment, and 20 sentences of imprisonment for 5 to 20 years. After the delegation's dissolution, the senate issued a further 24 death sentences, 5 sentences of life imprisonment,
643:
The initial indications of the crisis were confirmed on 11 January 1821 when four students were stopped by the police at a theatre performance in Turin because they were wearing red caps with black bows, a symbol of the carboneria. The young men offered resistance and were arrested, provoking a large
886:
On the instructions of the minister of the interior, Roget de Cholex, the
University of Turin was closed and many professors received severe admonitions because, as the king wrote in a letter to his brother (9 May 1822): "everyone who has studied at the university is entirely corrupt: the professors
773:
As for the
Spanish constitution, he declared any sovereign acts taken after the abdication of his brother to be null and void, and then he issued the following proclamation, "Far from consenting to any change in the pre-existing form of government with the nominal abdication of the king, our beloved
670:
In this, the conspirators took advantage of the absence of
Charles Felix, whom they thought would have been able to induce Victor Emmanuel to oppose their plans. They planned to raise the army, surround the royal residence at Moncalieri castle and force him to grant a constitution and declare war on
530:
Charles Felix established a military regime, such that his
Sardinian subjects referred to him as "Carlo Feroce" (Charles the Ferocious). The tool of this regime was the special court of the Viceregal delegation for the investigation of political proceedings, which took action immediately against the
1006:
in
December 1827, were examined by a council of cardinals, who rejected some financial details and the right of the state to dispose of the property freely. However, on 1 April 1828, the king summoned a new council, to which he professed flexibility on the financial issues and rigidity on the issue
939:
Charles Felix was rarely present in Turin as king and did not participate in the social life of the capital, since he had never sought the throne and had no particular affection for the
Turinese, whom he considered to have proven themselves traitors to the dynasty through their support for Napoleon
914:
Even before he reached Turin, Charles Felix repudiated the Regent's promise and, to help restore order, he called in the
Austrians, who stayed in Piedmont till 1823. In that same year, Charles Albert went to Spain to extinguish by force of arms the last sparks of revolt, making himself an object of
905:
The suppression of opposition was terminated on 30 September 1821, when Charles Felix issued a pardon of all individuals who had been implicated in the revolt, excluding the leaders, the financiers and those who had been found guilty of homicide or extortion. A few days later, Charles Felix entered
821:
On 19 April, despite pressure from the emperors of Russia and Austria, Metternich, Charles Albert, Francis IV, and Charles Felix himself (who hated the idea of receiving the crown "thanks" to rebels), Victor Emmanuel reaffirmed his abdication. Thus, on 25 April, Charles Felix acceded to the throne.
751:
At this point, Charles Felix, who had now received the letter from Charles Albert notifying him of his brother's abdication, decided to act. He told the messenger not to address him as "majesty", then asserted that since the abdication had been extracted through violence, it could not be considered
726:
The regent tried to take control by naming a new government (the lawyer, Ferdinando del Pozzo (1768-1843) as Minister of the Interior, general Emanuele Pes di Villamarina as minister of war, and Lodovico Sauli d'Igliano as minister of foreign affairs) and attempted to negotiate with the rebels, but
599:
The marriage, which had originally been opposed by Charles Felix, had been arranged for dynastic reasons. Neither Charles Emmanuel nor Victor Emmanuel had male children (the son of the latter had become sick and died in Sardinia), while the Duke of Montferrat and the Count of Morian were deceased,
1034:
In fact, while Victor Emmanuel had implemented a rigid counter-revolution, which uncritically revoked every arrangement made by the French after the abdication of Charles Emmanuel IV, the state could not continue to ignore the will of the majority of its subjects who called for laws in accordance
614:
After the fall of Napoleon and the return of Victor Emmanuel to Turin on 20 May 1814, Charles Felix joined him for a brief period before returning to Sardinia the following year with his wife. He formally retained the role of Viceroy until 1821, although he returned to the court in Turin after a
552:
Despite the precarious political and social situation, Charles Felix was able to bring some improvements to the agriculture and economy of the island. Under his rule, an agrarian society and an office for the administration of Crown mines and forests were established. Additionally, the farming of
874:
Finally, the king instituted three different jurisdictions: a mixed civil and military tribunal called the Royal Delegation with penal powers, a military commission for investigating the conduct of officers and non-commissioned officers, and a scrutiny commission for investigating the conduct of
841:, Charles Felix feared pressure for constitutional changes and reiterated in his instructions to his ambassadors that the repression of the "revolutionary spirit" inspired by the Congress of Laibach belonged exclusively to him and that he was firmly convinced of the necessity of this obligation.
647:
The next day, all the students and many of their teachers protested, calling for the release of the youths and, when this was refused, they blockaded themselves in the university and the government was forced to call in the army. Although nobody was killed, the wounded were very numerous and the
413:
From his youth, Carlo Felice was reported as having a very complex character: on the one hand consistent and inflexible, private, distrustful, and impulsive, if not touchy and vindictive; on the other hand honest, sincere, and capable of emotion and fondness. He had a clever mind, at times even
1010:
There were also important legislative reforms, which were effected by the Edict of 16 July 1822, which reformed mortgages; the Edict of 27 August 1822, which unified the military penal law; and the Edict of 27 September 1822, which reformed the judicial system. These changes were capped by the
1068:
Another important change was the code of civil and criminal law of the Kingdom of Sardinia promulgated on 16 January 1827, mainly as a result of the work of the Count of Cholex. The code was prepared in Turin by the Supreme Council of Sardinia. It was then examined by an appropriate Sardinian
483:
Victor Amadeus III died in October of the same year and was succeeded as Prince of Piedmont by Charles Emmanuel IV. The relationship between the new king and Charles Felix had never been good but now deteriorated as the king strove to keep his brothers in the dark about affairs of the state.
1191:
Theoretically, Charles Felix was committed to the territorial expansion of his realm, but he did not maintain any expansionist illusions and preferred to concentrate on the economic and commercial interests of his realm. Thus in 1821, with the help of the Austrians and English, he signed an
777:
Charles Albert, deeply discouraged, did as Charles Felix commanded, went to Novara, and issued a proclamation renouncing the regency and calling on everyone to submit to Charles Felix. On the 29th, he received a letter from Charles Felix ordering him to depart with his family for Florence.
997:
Regarding the issue of church property which had been secularised in 1792 (with Papal consent) and Franciscan property which had been secularised unilaterally, the king appointed an extraordinary board composed of officials and supporters of the clergy. The proposals, delivered to
679:
The conspirators grew suspicious and prepared to cancel the insurrection which they had planned for the 10th. The same day, Charles Albert, completely penitent, raced to Moncalieri in order to confess everything to Victor Emmanuel and beg for pardon. In the night the garrison of
918:
Charles Felix was a true reactionary, convinced that the world would soon be swept clean of all those - in his view - wicked and sacrilegious innovations introduced by the French Revolution and diffused throughout Europe by Napoleon Bonaparte "the rascal" as he called him.
526:
in 1794, the island had experienced a period of disorder, exacerbated by widespread poverty, which had led to an increase in crime, which the viceroy suppressed with notable harshness, writing to his brother the king, "slaughter, slaughter, for the good of the human race."
722:
The abdication of the king, which followed the dismissal of the ministers of state, led to chaos because it created a dynastic crisis which foreign powers would not ignore and because it split the army and bureaucracy, preventing every possibility of maintaining order.
511:
Charles Emmanuel IV was childless and, after the death of his wife, he abdicated in favour of his brother Victor Emmanuel I on 4 June 1802. The latter did not take possession of the domains in Sardinia himself, preferring to entrust them to Charles Felix as viceroy.
738:
The next day, the regent decided to form a junta, which was to protect the parliament. Two days after that, he swore to observe the Spanish Constitution, in a Savoyard version which had been slightly altered according to the requests of Victor Emmanuel's consort,
1047:, which were divided into four classes, according to the importance of the area, and he entrusted instruction of the procedures to special members of these tribunals. Civil and penal jurisdiction remained with the Senate in Turin and fiscal jurisdiction with the
666:
The goal of the conspirators was not to abolish the House of Savoy, but to induce it to enact political and social reforms and then undertake a war against Austria, which seemed possible in light of the deeply anti-Austrian sentiments of the Victor Emmanuel I.
890:
In any case, although an oppressive climate was established, accompanied by the habituation to accusations and the diversity of political ideas, offering a pretext for pursuing private vendettas, the royal authority, especially the governor of Genoa,
734:
Fearful of becoming the object of popular anger, on the evening of 13 March 1821, Charles Albert signed a decree granting a constitution along the lines of the Spanish constitution of 1812, which would not become law until approved by the king.
440:
When war broke out with France, Charles Felix did not distinguish himself as a soldier, despite having received a military education. In 1792, after the French occupation of the Duchy of Savoy and the county of Nice, he followed the troops to
1088:
the corpse and scattering the ashes); restrictions on the imposition of the death penalty; affirmation of the principle that the punishment should fit the crime; and the distinction between attempted crimes and crimes actually committed.
882:
The scrutiny commission, divided into a superior tribunal and seven divisional boards of scrutiny, issued numerous dismissals and suspensions of civil servants and professors of every kind of school, whom it found particularly culpable.
1024:
innovations, which had little luck in Italy, however... On the one hand there was a typical effort to update dynastic absolutism, on the other hand there was substantial adoption of the French system - with exceptions and modifications.
730:
Given the impossibility of taking any decisions without the agreement of the new king, Charles Albert sent Charles Felix an account of the events, seeking instructions, but the letter took a very long time to reach its destination.
671:
Austria. The role of Charles Albert would have been to mediate between the conspirators and the king, but the following morning, he changed his mind and attempted to escape from the conspirators, although he did not disavow them.
1203:
to observe the treaty established with him in 1816 under English auspices, and to respect Sardinian ships sailing along the coast of North Africa, he launched a demonstration of force. Towards the end of the month, two frigates
714:
to negotiate with the Carbonari, who refused to listen to their messages. Thus, in the evening, in the face of the spreading military uprising, the king abdicated in favour of his brother Charles Felix. Since the latter was in
1038:
Thus, on 27 September 1822, after Charles Felix had re-established the publication of mortgages and codified the military penal law, he promulgated an Edict on the reform of the civil judicial system - excluding Sardinia.
487:
Two years into his reign, Charles Emmanuel IV was forced to surrender all royal control on the mainland. Along with the king and the rest of the royal family, Charles Felix left Turin on the evening of 9 December 1798 for
966:
As a result, the king tended to delegate large amounts of power to his ministers, especially Count Roget de Cholex, Minister of the Interior, reserving a supervisory role for himself. His government was characterised by
479:
on 15 May, which accepted French control of Nice, Savoy, Genevoise, and some fortresses. Charles Felix, who had been titled Duke of Genoa, obtained the title of Marquis of Susa in compensation for his nominal loss.
859:
The new king, Charles Felix, let loose a reaction with arbitrary repressive methods, using extraordinary commissions to judge the rebels and establishing political investigators in order to purge the army and the
1150:
Charles Felix paid attention to the steelworking sector, which had already occupied him as Viceroy, as well as the banking and insurance sectors, which were improved significantly by the creation of the
1042:
The edict abolished a majority of the special jurisdictions (e.g. for gambling offences, or management of ports), instituted 40 collegial prefecture tribunals (which managed 416 "district courts"), with
684:, commanded by one of the conspirators, Guglielmo Ansaldi, rebelled and occupied the city. Although they had been abandoned by the Prince, the rest of the revolutionaries decided to act at this point.
834:, which was then in session, that he would be able to assume full control of his possessions, as an absolute monarch, and that Austria would not be allowed to interfere in any way in his territories.
788:
On 3 April, he issued a second proclamation which granted a pardon to the soldiers while applying strict sanctions to rebel officials, which ultimately, prevented any form of compromise. Chancellor
2580:
975:
A despotism full of straight and honest intentions but its representatives and arbiters were four old chamberlains, four old maids of honour, with a hive of friars, priests, monks, and jesuits.
2815:
652:
464:
Charles Felix remained very far from the front lines in any case. In spring 1794, after the arrival in Aosta of his brother the Duke of Monferrat, Charles Felix and Giuseppe Placido went to
445:
and in 1793, he accompanied his father, Victor Amadeus III, who had directed the operations for the reconquest of Nice and Savoy along with the Austrians under general J. de Vins, into the
538:
In his reorganisation work, however, he displayed notable energy to control the autonomy of the judiciary and the local bureaucracy and managed to correct some abuses of the feudal regime.
2257:
1312:(1798-1849). The selection of Charles Albert as successor had not been made willingly, since Charles Albert had shown himself to be inclined to liberalism and friendly to the carbonari.
1231:, which had been begun by his brother Victor Emmanuel I some years earlier as a result of a treaty with the Emperor of Austria, who controlled the other side of the river as part of the
830:
Once control of Turin was re-established, Charles Felix, who was still in Modena, entered into personal communication with the Emperor of Austria in order to obtain recognition from the
663:
met with Charles Albert on 6 March. They were ready to act, having identified the prince as a new man for the House of Savoy, who might be willing to break with the absolutist past.
1348:, constructed in the 19th century, is named for him. At the Cagliari end of that road there is a statue of him, pointing to the city. It is the typical prop for the celebrations of
1065:, which was a very heavy judicial fee, calculated on the basis of the seriousness of the case, which provided the judges' pay, with a regular system of salaries paid by the state.
902:
reports that when the king discovered that one of these subsidies was going to the family of one of the two individuals who had been executed in 1821, the king doubled the sum.
549:, who had refused to conform to the regulations of the viceroy, Charles Felix decided to punish both the duke, who was stripped of his property, as well as the revolutionaries.
2840:
898:
Further, it is reported by a letter of the Count d'Agliè that Charles Felix never prevented anyone from secretly passing subsidies to condemned men who had gone into exile and
1108:
Charles Felix's reign was characterised by financial and economic difficulties and rigid protectionism, but there were some initiatives relating to services and public works.
703:
On Sunday 11 March 1821, King Victor Emmanuel I met with the Crown Council, of which Charles Albert was a member. As a result of the king's indecision, no action was taken.
422:
2745:
2729:
2437:
2360:
1131:(the latter completed in 1828). A large number of public buildings were constructed in the cities: the port of Nice was largely restored, Genoa received a theatre (the
561:
125:
2810:
2573:
740:
426:
1092:
Finally, the slave trade was abolished and it was declared that any person who was found in captivity on a ship flying the Sardinian flag would instantly be freed.
2522:
2247:
2505:
1288:
In 1827, Charles Felix instituted the Chamber of Commerce and the School of Palaeography and Diplomacy, affiliated with the Academy of Painting and Sculpture.
500:
2118:
799:
The rebels, realising that no other option remained for them, marched on Novara, where the forces loyal to Charles Felix were gathered under the command of
2566:
2098:
848:
as Lieutenant General of the Kingdom, and placed G. Piccono della Valle and G.C. Brignole in charge of foreign affairs and financial affairs respectively.
1940:
553:
olives was encouraged and commercial contracts were granted to encourage local production. Finally, he began a project to systematise the road network.
1304:, after a reign of ten years. He was buried at Hautecombe Abbey in Savoy, where his wife was also buried in 1849. With his death, the main line of the
1159:
in June 1829. He also encouraged the agricultural and manufacturing sector by granting many exemptions and fiscal benefits and through the creation of
2231:
640:
and the hope of obtaining similar concessions from their own sovereigns arose in many European states. Insurrections broke out in Naples and Palermo.
425:, Charles Felix formed part of a "parallel court" opposed to Charles Emmanuel IV's circle, along with his brother Victor Emmanuel, the latter's wife
2701:
2425:
2419:
2413:
1058:
was introduced, eliminating the multiplicity of appeals that had previously existed and the ministerial position of fiscal advocate was introduced.
774:
brother, we consider all the royal subjects who have aided or abetted the traitors or who have presumed to proclaim a constitution, to be rebels."
2795:
2144:
603:
Although the marriage to Maria Cristina proved harmonious, she was unable to have children, forcing Victor Emmanuel to consider the succession of
432:
In this period, Charles Felix began to keep a personal diary, which is an important source for events and his conflicts with the court in Savoy.
2272:
2323:
2262:
2185:
362:
2835:
2805:
376:
180:
156:
2500:
2308:
2108:
1691:
La Magistratura. Studio sull'ordinamento giudiziario nella storia, nelle leggi straniere, nella legge italiana e nei progetti di riforma
585:
505:
334:
210:
2527:
2267:
2211:
2139:
2077:
1438:
1282:
990:
the right of sanctuary in holy places, granted secular courts the right to hear cases against priests, and imposed civic oversight of
1417:
2449:
2386:
2221:
2149:
2072:
2056:
2015:
1828:
1352:
fans, being decked with cloaks and flags in the team's colours of red and blue whenever the team is promoted or escapes relegation.
879:
and another 12 sentences of imprisonment for 15–20 years. By the end of October the military commission had dismissed 627 officers.
807:
354:
276:
297:
2159:
1333:
1120:
1073:
of Sardinia. The result was a confection of Sardinian and mainland sources, creating a law which was both traditional and novel.
1003:
915:
hatred as the betrayer of Italian liberalism, but regaining the confidence of the King, who might have chosen another successor.
403:
1232:
752:
valid. Finally, he said, "tell the Prince that, if there is still a drop of our royal blood in his veins, he should set out for
2753:
2443:
2431:
2190:
2134:
2093:
806:
On 8 April there was a battle (Noara-Borgo Vercelli) with the troops of de La Tour and then with those of the Austrian general
589:
1849:
Gli ultimi reali di Savoia del ramo primogenito ed il principe Carlo Alberto di Carignano: Studio storico su documenti inediti
2318:
2277:
1933:
782:
266:
2825:
2761:
2737:
2455:
2391:
2226:
1893:
358:
90:
2830:
2800:
2694:
2589:
2483:
2477:
1301:
1152:
637:
395:
516:
2041:
1469:
1135:, named after the king), and Turin benefited from a programme of urban improvement which included the bridge over the
350:
41:
1678:
Storia della legislazione italiana dall'epoca della Rivoluzione francese, 1789, a quella delle Riforme italiane, 1847
1265:
In the same year, he was responsible for the acquisition of a good part of the collection which now constitutes the
943:
In practice, he resided in Turin only during the theatre season and he spent the rest of the time travelling around
887:
are detestable, but there is no way to replace them... Thus the bad are all taught and the good are all ignorant.".
659:, Carlo Emanuele Asinari, and Guglielmo Moffa di Lisio Gribaldi (all soldiers, officials, or sons of ministers) and
2648:
2339:
2298:
2046:
2031:
1910:
1309:
1085:
604:
399:
100:
2820:
2164:
2000:
1926:
1801:
800:
593:
330:
2154:
2103:
2036:
2010:
1186:
1156:
1061:
Finally, he made the act of taking a case to court free, however inadequately, replacing the old system of the
608:
197:
759:
692:
2687:
2113:
2051:
1278:
1243:
845:
818:
on 11 April, while de La Tour, who had received full powers from Charles Felix, occupied Turin on the 10th.
960:
2195:
1228:
1144:
1055:
1048:
789:
476:
521:
1044:
472:
148:
1308:
became extinct. He was succeeded by the senior male member of the House of Savoy-Carignano, the regent
1171:
468:
in order to retake some positions of relative strategic importance, but they did not achieve anything.
707:
2790:
2785:
2608:
2216:
1984:
1979:
1816:
968:
895:, did not prevent people from fleeing. Of all the people who were condemned, only two were executed.
793:
660:
651:
A connection was made between the protestors and the secret society of the "Federati", whose leaders
574:
407:
1259:
1035:
with the ideas and needs of their contemporary world. Some reforms to fill the gaps were necessary.
532:
2624:
2472:
2408:
2293:
1321:
1270:
1140:
1132:
956:
831:
852:
2656:
2616:
2376:
2355:
2252:
1258:, where many of his ancestors were buried and entrusted a restoration programme to the architect
892:
838:
796:
that this proclamation had been imprudent and was written "with animosity, passion, and hatred."
2632:
2600:
2381:
2303:
2180:
1824:
696:
656:
570:
418:
381:
370:
366:
172:
1900:
1297:
1255:
1248:
1221:
927:
899:
318:
310:
193:
58:
1442:
600:
so Charles Felix had become the heir presumptive and therefore had to produce a male heir.
2669:
2005:
1349:
1124:
286:
851:
Finally, he began the suppression of opposition. The following extract from the work of
1949:
1864:
1305:
1200:
932:
582:
326:
322:
256:
1717:
Storia della magistratura italiana. Le origini – la magistratura nel Regno di Sardegna
17:
2779:
2710:
1193:
1070:
1016:
633:
515:
Charles Felix's government of Sardinia was rather rigid and authoritarian. Since the
325:
from 12 March 1821 until his death in 1831. He was the last male-line member of the
107:
62:
1730:
Biografia di S. A. R. il duca del Genevese poscia re C. F., in Note sarde e ricordi
1345:
1266:
1136:
999:
711:
1007:
of disposal. The resulting agreement was approved on 14 May 1828 by the Holy See.
710:
fell into the hands of the rebels. Victor Emmanuel encouraged Charles Albert and
414:
ironic. He possessed a sacral conception of the monarchy and the right to reign.
815:
781:
With Charles Albert out of the way, Charles Felix dispatched several letters to
681:
446:
429:, Maurizio Giuseppe Duke of Monferrat, and Giuseppe Placido, count of Moriana.
1802:
https://www.sardiniapostmagazine.it/%E2%80%8Emissionecompiuta-per-il-cagliari/
1160:
406:
and his younger brother, Giuseppe Benedetto Placido, Count of Moriana, at the
77:
991:
1254:
Charles Felix was an avid patron of art and culture. In 1824, he acquired
1337:
1329:
1274:
1112:
811:
542:
489:
450:
1227:
In 1828, he ended the construction of a bridge over the River Ticino at
1341:
1116:
1100:
578:
546:
442:
251:
1111:
The road network was improved by the construction of the road between
699:, who abdicated in favour of Charles Felix after the rebellion of 1821
1128:
753:
716:
565:
Maria Cristina of Naples, wife of Charles Felix and queen of Sardinia
465:
2558:
1918:
1296:
Charles Felix died without issue on 27 April 1831, in Turin at the
1325:
1242:
1170:
1080:(impunity for criminals who had arrested other criminals) and the
952:
944:
926:
758:
629:
560:
458:
454:
375:
346:
176:
152:
2679:
1821:
Il re che tentò di fare l'Italia. Vita di Carlo Alberto di Savoia
1076:
The most novel changes relate to penal law: the abolition of the
1769:
La politica estera di Carlo Alberto nei suoi primi anni di regno
948:
2683:
2562:
1922:
1385:
S. Costa di Beauregard, Unhomme d'autrefois, Paris 1877, p. 274
1029:
E. Genta, Eclettismo giuridico della Restaurazione, pp.357-362.
785:, asking him to send troops in order to suppress the revolt.
471:
On 28 April 1796, Victor Amadeus III was forced to sign the
333:, and caused the line of Victor Amadeus I's younger brother
1756:
I re di Sardegna pel riscatto degli schiavi dai Barbareschi
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
688:
Abdication of Victor Emmanuel and regency of Charles Albert
1123:) and between Genoa and Nice, as well as bridges over the
1470:"Teste di storia: Carlo Felice di Savoia, il re per caso"
1163:
like that of 1829, in which 500 exhibitors participated.
803:. This, inevitably, convinced Metternich to intervene.
1758:, in Rass. stor. d. Risorg., XXII (1935), pp. 580-588.
1328:
is named for him. The principal road of the island of
1015:, signed on 16 January 1827, which replaced the dated
394:
He was a younger brother of two other rulers of Savoy
1743:
La Sardegna di Carlo Felice e il problema della terra
1143:, underground drainage channels, the porticos of the
963:, which he had inherited from his sister Maria Anna.
955:(one of his favourite residences) and the castles of
2515:
2493:
2465:
2401:
2369:
2348:
2332:
2286:
2240:
2204:
2173:
2127:
2086:
2065:
2024:
1993:
1972:
1956:
292:
282:
272:
262:
250:
236:
204:
186:
162:
135:
131:
121:
113:
106:
96:
86:
76:
68:
57:
34:
1013:Civil and Criminal Laws of the Kingdom of Sardinia
719:at the time, Charles Albert was appointed regent.
365:. His maternal grandparents were French-born King
2816:Grand masters of the Gold Medal of Military Valor
844:Having decided to remain at Modena, he appointed
611:, from a collateral line of the House of Savoy.
2540:*member of a cadet branch of the House of Savoy
1464:
1462:
1460:
1021:
973:
857:
588:(17 January 1779 - 11 March 1849), daughter of
1704:La giustizia civile in Italia dal ‘700 ad oggi
317:; 6 April 1765 – 27 April 1831) was the
2695:
2574:
1934:
1084:(cruel extensions of the death penalty, like
867:Gli ordinamenti giuridici degli Stati sabaudi
8:
1667:F Lemmi, Carlo Felice, Torino, 1931, p. 221.
349:as the eleventh child and fifth son born to
46:Posthumous portrait by Francesco Marabotti,
2841:19th-century people from the Savoyard State
1840:L'Italia giacobina e carbonara. (1789-1831)
1780:Bianchi, Storia della Diplomazia, II, p.77.
1281:in Egypt. The collection was placed in the
756:immediately and wait there for my orders."
475:with the French, which was followed by the
2702:
2688:
2680:
2581:
2567:
2559:
1941:
1927:
1919:
1855:
1655:
1643:
1609:Corrado Vivanti, Età Contemporanea, p. 41.
1537:
1513:
1501:
1489:
1439:"Storia di Usini, la Rivolta anti-feudale"
1412:
1410:
1401:
1300:which had been given to him by his sister
40:
31:
2232:Thomas Emmanuel, Prince of Savoy-Carignan
1285:, which is still the site of the museum.
1199:In September 1825, in order to force the
980:Massimo d'Azeglio, citato in Montanelli,
504:Charles Felix as the Grand Master of the
402:. He spent his childhood with his sister
380:Portrait of Charles Felix as a child, by
337:to seize the throne after Felix's death.
1632:Dal Piemonte sabaudo all'Italia liberale
1597:
1585:
1573:
1561:
1549:
1525:
1367:G. Locorotondo, Carlo Felice, pp.365-366
1302:Princess Maria Anna, Duchess of Chablais
1269:in Turin. The pieces were acquired from
1099:
691:
557:Marriage and return to Turin (1814–1821)
499:
2811:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Austria
2145:Emmanuel Philibert, Prince of Carignano
1618:
1360:
2273:Victor Amadeus II, Prince of Carignano
2248:Vittorio Amedeo Teodoro, Duke of Aosta
1192:advantageous trade agreement with the
492:, where they arrived on 3 March 1799.
233:
2324:Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Carignano
2299:Amadeus Alexander, Duke of Montferrat
2186:Victor Amadeus I, Prince of Carignano
1155:in 1827 and the establishment of the
242:Carlo Felice Giuseppe Maria di Savoia
7:
1376:A. Segre, Vittorio Emanuele I, p. 42
1283:Palazzo dell'Accademia delle Scienze
2501:Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples
2109:Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano
636:of Spain was forced to restore the
586:Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily
506:Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
211:Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily
2212:Victor Amadeus, Prince of Piedmont
2140:Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy
763:Portrait of Prince Charles Felix,
27:King of Sardinia from 1821 to 1831
25:
2426:Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi
2420:Vittorio Emanuele, Count of Turin
2414:Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta
2222:Louis Victor, Prince of Carignano
2150:Eugene Maurice, Count of Soissons
2099:Charles Emmanuel, Duke of Nemours
2073:Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy
2057:Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy
940:and the constitutional protests.
517:Sardinian revolutionary movements
357:. His paternal grandparents were
355:Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain
277:Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain
2668:
2217:Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia
2160:Charles Amadeus, Duke of Nemours
1175:Portrait of King Charles Felix,
1157:Royal Mutual Society of Insurers
1121:Strada statale 131 Charles Felix
1004:Filiberto Avogadro di Collobiano
994:, sermons, and religious books.
296:
2294:Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia
2191:Louis Thomas, Count of Soissons
2135:Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy
2094:Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy
1334:Strada statale 131 Carlo Felice
1220:) under the command of captain
875:every employee of the kingdom.
496:Viceroy of Sardinia (1799–1814)
222:
2796:19th-century kings of Sardinia
2278:Eugene Jean, Count of Soissons
2263:Carlo Francesco, Duke of Aosta
2253:Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia
1336:, which connects the towns of
1104:The Teatro Carlo Felice, Genoa
982:L'Italia Giacobina e Carbonara
931:Charles Felix depicted on a 1
592:King of Naples and Sicily and
267:Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia
1:
2304:Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia
2227:Eugenio, Count of Villafranca
2181:Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia
1789:Account from Am. Des Geneys,
1634:. Torino, Einaudi, 1963, p.33
1176:
764:
747:Intervention of Charles Felix
531:"capopolo" (popular leader),
385:
359:Charles Emmanuel III of Savoy
72:12 March 1821 – 27 April 1831
47:
2409:Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
2340:Charles Albert I of Sardinia
2309:Maurizio, Duke of Montferrat
1985:Philip I, Prince of Piedmont
1153:Cassa di Risparmio di Torino
1002:by ambassador-extraordinary
638:Spanish Constitution of 1812
436:Italian campaign (1792–1798)
117:18 June 1815 – 27 April 1831
2836:Burials at Hautecombe Abbey
2806:Claimant kings of Jerusalem
2356:Victor Emmanuel II of Italy
2314:Charles Felix I of Sardinia
2268:Benedetto, Duke of Chablais
2042:Philibert II, Duke of Savoy
1233:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
801:Vittorio Sallier de La Tour
581:, Charles Felix married by
363:Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg
351:Victor Amadeus III of Savoy
315:Carlo Felice Giuseppe Maria
2857:
2450:Adalberto, Duke of Bergamo
2387:Oddone, Duke of Montferrat
2047:Charles III, Duke of Savoy
2032:Philibert I, Duke of Savoy
1860:Charles Felix of Sardinia
1847:Perrero, Domenico (1889).
1838:Montanelli, Indro (1971).
1277:, who was then the French
1184:
345:Charles Felix was born in
2717:
2666:
2596:
2537:
2523:Prince Emanuele Filiberto
2438:Ferdinando, Duke of Genoa
2258:Prince Emanuele Filiberto
2165:Henri II, Duke of Nemours
2001:Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy
1907:
1898:
1890:
1885:
1858:
1147:and various new suburbs.
594:Maria Carolina of Austria
241:
232:
39:
2444:Filiberto, Duke of Genoa
2432:Umberto, Count of Salemi
2361:Ferdinand, Duke of Genoa
2155:Louis I, Duke of Nemours
2119:Prince Emmanuel Filibert
2078:Jacques, Duke of Nemours
2037:Charles I, Duke of Savoy
2016:Jacques, Count of Romont
2011:Philip II, Duke of Savoy
1791:Arch. di Stato di Torino
1418:"Carlo Felice di Savoia"
1187:Battle of Tripoli (1825)
569:On 7 March 1807, in the
417:During the years of the
198:Saint-Pierre-de-Curtille
2319:Giuseppe, Count of Asti
2052:Philip, Duke of Nemours
1247:Tomb of Charles Felix,
855:describes his actions:
675:Beginning of the revolt
2456:Eugenio, Duke of Genoa
2392:Tommaso, Duke of Genoa
2104:Henri, Duke of Nemours
2006:Louis, Count of Geneva
1851:. Torino: F. Casanova.
1771:, Firenze 1928, p. 93.
1251:
1182:
1105:
1056:appellate jurisdiction
1054:In addition, a single
1032:
987:
936:
872:
846:Ignazio Thaon di Revel
770:
700:
566:
508:
391:
369:and his Italian wife,
314:
18:Charles Felix of Savoy
2550:Prince of Savoy-Aosta
2545:Prince of Savoy-Genoa
2506:Amedeo, Duke of Aosta
2484:Aimone, Duke of Aosta
2478:Amedeo, Duke of Aosta
1732:, Torino 1868, p. 288
1246:
1174:
1103:
1045:original jurisdiction
930:
762:
727:he achieved nothing.
695:
648:situation escalated.
628:Following revolts in
564:
503:
473:Armistice of Cherasco
379:
2826:Viceroys of Sardinia
2609:Charles Emmanuel III
1980:Louis, Duke of Savoy
1745:, Cagliari 1967 p.65
1576:, pp. 85–89, 98
1292:Death and succession
1096:Economic initiatives
794:Francis IV of Modena
783:Francis I of Austria
575:Palazzo dei Normanni
408:Castle of Moncalieri
361:and his German wife
2831:Regents of Sardinia
2801:Nobility from Turin
2625:Charles Emmanuel IV
2473:Umberto II of Italy
1823:. Milano: Rizzoli.
1621:, pp. 288–293.
1322:Teatro Carlo Felice
1271:Bernardino Drovetti
1141:Piazza Carlo Felice
1133:Teatro Carlo Felice
832:Congress of Laibach
808:Ferdinand von Bubna
609:Prince of Carignano
396:Charles Emmanuel IV
181:Kingdom of Sardinia
157:Kingdom of Sardinia
2657:Victor Emmanuel II
2617:Victor Amadeus III
2377:Umberto I of Italy
1842:. Milano: Rizzoli.
1252:
1183:
1106:
1069:committee and the
937:
893:Giorgio Des Geneys
839:Congress of Verona
837:At the subsequent
771:
701:
619:Revolution of 1821
567:
541:In fact, when the
509:
392:
329:that started with
2773:
2772:
2677:
2676:
2633:Victor Emmanuel I
2601:Victor Amadeus II
2590:Kings of Sardinia
2556:
2555:
2382:Amadeo I of Spain
1917:
1916:
1908:Succeeded by
1894:Victor Emmanuel I
1552:, pp. 65, 76
969:Massimo d'Azeglio
910:Reign (1821–1831)
706:On 12 March, the
697:Victor Emmanuel I
661:Roberto d'Azeglio
657:Giacinto Collegno
653:Santorre di Rossi
571:Cappella Palatina
419:French Revolution
400:Victor Emmanuel I
371:Elisabeth Farnese
367:Philip V of Spain
321:and ruler of the
304:
303:
246:
245:
173:Palazzo Chiablese
91:Victor Emmanuel I
16:(Redirected from
2848:
2821:Princes of Savoy
2704:
2697:
2690:
2681:
2672:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2560:
1950:Princes of Savoy
1943:
1936:
1929:
1920:
1901:King of Sardinia
1891:Preceded by
1881:
1874:
1856:
1852:
1843:
1834:
1817:Bertoldi, Silvio
1804:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1772:
1765:
1759:
1752:
1746:
1739:
1733:
1726:
1720:
1713:
1707:
1700:
1694:
1687:
1681:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1601:
1600:, pp. 95–96
1595:
1589:
1588:, pp. 91–95
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1564:, pp. 75–79
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1466:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1441:. Archived from
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1414:
1405:
1399:
1386:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1298:Palazzo Chablais
1256:Hautecombe Abbey
1249:Hautecombe Abbey
1222:Francesco Sivori
1181:
1178:
1030:
985:
900:Angelo Brofferio
870:
792:himself said to
769:
766:
708:Citadel of Turin
525:
423:Italian campaign
390:
387:
331:Victor Amadeus I
319:King of Sardinia
300:
234:
226:
224:
194:Hautecombe Abbey
169:
145:
143:
59:King of Sardinia
52:
49:
44:
32:
21:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2713:
2708:
2678:
2673:
2664:
2592:
2587:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2533:
2516:18th generation
2511:
2494:17th generation
2489:
2466:16th generation
2461:
2402:15th generation
2397:
2370:14th generation
2365:
2349:13th generation
2344:
2333:12th generation
2328:
2287:11th generation
2282:
2241:10th generation
2236:
2200:
2169:
2123:
2082:
2061:
2020:
1989:
1968:
1952:
1947:
1913:
1904:
1896:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1861:
1846:
1837:
1831:
1815:
1812:
1807:
1800:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1766:
1762:
1753:
1749:
1740:
1736:
1727:
1723:
1714:
1710:
1701:
1697:
1689:Piola Caselli,
1688:
1684:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1656:Montanelli 1971
1654:
1650:
1644:Montanelli 1971
1642:
1638:
1630:Rosario Romeo,
1629:
1625:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1572:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1544:
1538:Montanelli 1971
1536:
1532:
1524:
1520:
1514:Montanelli 1971
1512:
1508:
1502:Montanelli 1971
1500:
1496:
1490:Montanelli 1971
1488:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1408:
1402:Montanelli 1971
1400:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1350:Cagliari Calcio
1318:
1294:
1241:
1212:), a corvette (
1189:
1179:
1169:
1145:Piazza Castello
1098:
1031:
1028:
986:
979:
925:
923:Internal policy
912:
871:
864:
828:
810:, who occupied
767:
749:
690:
677:
626:
621:
559:
519:
498:
477:Treaty of Paris
438:
388:
343:
323:Savoyard states
287:Catholic Church
228:
225: 1807)
220:
216:
213:
200:
191:
171:
167:
147:
141:
139:
61:
53:
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2854:
2852:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2778:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2759:
2751:
2743:
2735:
2727:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2711:Dukes of Genoa
2709:
2707:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2684:
2675:
2674:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2654:
2649:Charles Albert
2646:
2638:
2630:
2622:
2614:
2606:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2563:
2554:
2553:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2206:
2205:9th generation
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2175:
2174:8th generation
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2131:
2129:
2128:7th generation
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2114:Prince Maurice
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2090:
2088:
2087:6th generation
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2066:5th generation
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2025:4th generation
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1994:3rd generation
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1973:2nd generation
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1957:1st generation
1954:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1923:
1915:
1914:
1911:Charles Albert
1909:
1906:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1886:Regnal titles
1883:
1882:
1865:House of Savoy
1862:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1844:
1835:
1829:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1794:
1782:
1773:
1760:
1747:
1734:
1721:
1708:
1695:
1693:, pp. 226-227.
1682:
1669:
1660:
1658:, p. 350.
1648:
1646:, p. 351.
1636:
1623:
1611:
1602:
1590:
1578:
1566:
1554:
1542:
1540:, p. 302.
1530:
1518:
1516:, p. 301.
1506:
1504:, p. 300.
1494:
1492:, p. 309.
1482:
1456:
1445:on 8 June 2008
1430:
1406:
1404:, p. 344.
1387:
1378:
1369:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1317:
1314:
1310:Charles Albert
1306:House of Savoy
1293:
1290:
1273:, a native of
1260:Ernesto Melano
1240:
1237:
1216:) and a brig (
1201:Bey of Tripoli
1168:
1167:Foreign policy
1165:
1097:
1094:
1049:Court of Audit
1026:
977:
924:
921:
911:
908:
862:
827:
824:
748:
745:
689:
686:
676:
673:
632:in 1820, King
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:short period.
605:Charles Albert
558:
555:
533:Vincenzo Sulis
497:
494:
437:
434:
404:Maria Carolina
389: 1765-67
382:Giuseppe Duprà
342:
339:
335:Thomas Francis
327:House of Savoy
302:
301:
294:
290:
289:
284:
280:
279:
274:
270:
269:
264:
260:
259:
257:House of Savoy
254:
248:
247:
244:
243:
239:
238:
230:
229:
218:
214:
209:
208:
206:
202:
201:
192:
188:
184:
183:
170:(aged 66)
164:
160:
159:
137:
133:
132:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
115:
111:
110:
104:
103:
101:Charles Albert
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
80:
74:
73:
70:
66:
65:
55:
54:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2853:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:Charles Felix
2720:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2705:
2700:
2698:
2693:
2691:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2671:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:Charles Felix
2639:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2584:
2579:
2577:
2572:
2570:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2529:
2528:Prince Aimone
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2196:Prince Eugene
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1912:
1903:
1902:
1895:
1889:
1884:
1880:27 April 1831
1879:
1872:
1867:
1866:
1857:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1830:88-17-86481-1
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1715:P. Saraceno,
1712:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1598:Bertoldi 2000
1594:
1591:
1587:
1586:Bertoldi 2000
1582:
1579:
1575:
1574:Bertoldi 2000
1570:
1567:
1563:
1562:Bertoldi 2000
1558:
1555:
1551:
1550:Bertoldi 2000
1546:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1526:Bertoldi 2000
1522:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1471:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1444:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1194:Sublime Porte
1188:
1173:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1071:Reale Udienza
1066:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1036:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1017:Carta de Logu
1014:
1008:
1005:
1001:
995:
993:
983:
976:
972:
970:
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
941:
934:
929:
922:
920:
916:
909:
907:
903:
901:
896:
894:
888:
884:
880:
876:
868:
861:
856:
854:
849:
847:
842:
840:
835:
833:
825:
823:
819:
817:
813:
809:
804:
802:
797:
795:
791:
786:
784:
779:
775:
761:
757:
755:
746:
744:
742:
741:Maria Therese
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
718:
713:
709:
704:
698:
694:
687:
685:
683:
674:
672:
668:
664:
662:
658:
654:
649:
645:
641:
639:
635:
634:Ferdinand VII
631:
623:
618:
616:
612:
610:
606:
601:
597:
595:
591:
587:
584:
580:
576:
572:
563:
556:
554:
550:
548:
544:
539:
536:
534:
528:
523:
518:
513:
507:
502:
495:
493:
491:
485:
481:
478:
474:
469:
467:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
435:
433:
430:
428:
427:Maria Theresa
424:
420:
415:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
383:
378:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
340:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
307:Charles Felix
299:
295:
291:
288:
285:
281:
278:
275:
271:
268:
265:
261:
258:
255:
253:
249:
240:
235:
231:
212:
207:
203:
199:
195:
190:28 April 1831
189:
185:
182:
178:
174:
166:27 April 1831
165:
161:
158:
154:
150:
138:
134:
130:
127:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:
108:Duke of Genoa
105:
102:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
82:25 April 1821
81:
79:
75:
71:
67:
64:
63:Duke of Savoy
60:
56:
43:
38:
35:Charles Felix
33:
30:
19:
2764:
2756:
2748:
2740:
2732:
2724:
2721:
2659:
2651:
2643:
2640:
2635:
2627:
2619:
2611:
2603:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2313:
1963:
1899:
1877:
1873:6 April 1765
1870:
1863:
1848:
1839:
1820:
1810:Bibliography
1797:
1790:
1785:
1776:
1768:
1763:
1755:
1754:A. Imeroni,
1750:
1742:
1737:
1729:
1728:. G. Manno,
1724:
1716:
1711:
1703:
1702:M. Taruffo,
1698:
1690:
1685:
1677:
1676:F. Sclopis,
1672:
1663:
1651:
1639:
1631:
1626:
1619:Perrero 1889
1614:
1605:
1593:
1581:
1569:
1557:
1545:
1533:
1528:, p. 63
1521:
1509:
1497:
1485:
1473:. Retrieved
1447:. Retrieved
1443:the original
1433:
1421:. Retrieved
1381:
1372:
1363:
1346:Porto Torres
1319:
1295:
1287:
1267:Museo Egizio
1264:
1253:
1226:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1190:
1149:
1110:
1107:
1091:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1053:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1022:
1012:
1009:
1000:Pope Leo XII
996:
988:
981:
974:
971:as follows:
965:
942:
938:
935:coin of 1828
917:
913:
904:
897:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
866:
858:
853:Guido Astuti
850:
843:
836:
829:
820:
805:
798:
787:
780:
776:
772:
750:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
712:Cesare Balbo
705:
702:
678:
669:
665:
650:
646:
642:
627:
613:
602:
598:
590:Ferdinand IV
568:
551:
540:
537:
529:
514:
510:
486:
482:
470:
463:
439:
431:
416:
412:
393:
344:
306:
305:
168:(1831-04-27)
149:Royal Palace
146:6 April 1765
29:
2791:1831 deaths
2786:1765 births
2765:(1990–1996)
2757:(1963–1990)
2749:(1931–1963)
2741:(1855–1931)
2733:(1831–1855)
2725:(1815–1821)
2660:(1849–1861)
2652:(1831–1849)
2644:(1821–1831)
2636:(1802–1821)
2628:(1796–1802)
2620:(1773–1796)
2612:(1730–1773)
2604:(1720–1730)
1719:, pp.40-41.
1475:22 February
1449:22 February
1423:22 February
1180: 1825
1161:trade fairs
1082:esemplarità
865:G. Astuti,
860:bureaucracy
826:Suppression
816:Alessandria
768: 1820
682:Alessandria
520: [
447:Susa Valley
126:Ferdinand I
87:Predecessor
51: 1851
2780:Categories
2746:Ferdinando
2730:Ferdinando
1905:1821–1831
1767:F. Lemmi,
1356:References
1185:See also:
1086:quartering
992:catechisms
790:Metternich
341:Early life
142:1765-04-06
78:Coronation
2754:Filiberto
1239:Patronage
1229:Boffalora
1206:Commercio
1078:giudatico
984:, p. 344.
869:, p. 544.
293:Signature
122:Successor
97:Successor
1819:(2000).
1741:C. Sole,
1680:, p.206.
1338:Cagliari
1330:Sardinia
1275:Barbania
1210:Cristina
1127:and the
1113:Cagliari
1063:sportula
1027:—
978:—
863:—
812:Vercelli
543:Stamenti
490:Cagliari
451:Pinerolo
421:and the
283:Religion
2762:Eugenio
2738:Tommaso
1342:Sassari
1218:Nereide
1214:Tritone
1125:Bormida
1117:Sassari
906:Turin.
644:brawl.
579:Palermo
573:of the
547:Asinara
443:Saluzzo
311:Italian
227:
219:
215:
1876:
1827:
1706:, p.94
1332:, the
1316:Legacy
1279:consul
1139:, the
1129:Ticino
957:Govone
754:Novara
717:Modena
624:Origin
466:Morgex
457:, and
273:Mother
263:Father
205:Spouse
187:Burial
1878:Died:
1871:Born:
1326:Genoa
1119:(now
961:Agliè
953:Genoa
945:Savoy
630:Cadiz
583:proxy
524:]
459:Tende
455:Cuneo
449:, to
347:Turin
252:House
237:Names
221:(
217:
177:Turin
153:Turin
114:Reign
69:Reign
2548:***
1964:None
1825:ISBN
1477:2015
1451:2015
1425:2015
1340:and
1320:The
1208:and
1137:Dora
1115:and
959:and
949:Nice
933:lira
814:and
398:and
353:and
163:Died
136:Born
2543:**
2530:***
2508:***
2486:***
2480:***
2434:***
2428:***
2422:***
2416:***
1324:in
577:in
2782::
2458:**
2452:**
2446:**
2440:**
2394:**
1459:^
1409:^
1390:^
1262:.
1235:.
1196:.
1177:c.
1051:.
1019:.
951:,
947:,
765:c.
743:.
655:,
607:,
596:.
522:it
461:.
453:,
410:.
386:c.
384:,
373:.
313::
223:m.
196:,
179:,
175:,
155:,
151:,
48:c.
2703:e
2696:t
2689:v
2582:e
2575:t
2568:v
1942:e
1935:t
1928:v
1833:.
1479:.
1453:.
1427:.
1344:-
1204:(
309:(
144:)
140:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
