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557:, with the potential to raise over 1,000 additional Malay militia. Although these forces were alerted to the French arrival by a ship that d'Estaing chased into the harbour, the first broadside directed at the fort panicked its defenders, who fled into the surrounding jungle. D'Estaing spent a day in pursuit of some of these troops. He used Fort Marlborough as a base to subdue the remaining lesser British settlements on the west side of Sumatra. He returned to ĂŽle-de-France ten months after his departure.
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455:, but d'Estaing refused, preferring instead to be exchanged so that he could resume fighting. The arrival of a British fleet off Madras in February 1759 convinced d'Estaing to accept the offer of parole, which was conditioned on his not fighting against the British in the East Indies. In May 1759 he sailed for ĂŽle-de-France (present-day
993:
805:
Admiral Byron had been alerted to the capture of St. Vincent, and was sailing with a force to retake it when he learned that d'Estaing was at
Grenada. He changed course, making all sail for Grenada, and arrived there early on 6 July. Although d'Estaing had been alerted to Byron's progress, and his
430:
to organize the delivery of siege equipment. On 4 May French forces occupied the town and partially blockaded Fort St. David. The siege equipment was delayed in its arrival, but the garrison was eventually compelled to surrender after 17 days of siege operations. D'Estaing commanded Lally's left,
390:
was organized, he applied to participate without consulting his family. His participation was ensured when he was offered a back-dated promotion to brigadier-general, provided he could transfer command of his regiment to someone else, which he did. In early
January 1757, shortly before embarking,
597:
in recognition for his exploits, a rank lesser than that he held in the army. In order to clarify his command role in the expedition, the king formally removed him from the army and gave him the rank of lieutenant general in the navy. The expedition was called off when preliminary peace terms were
855:
attempt to retake
Savannah from 16 September 1779 to 18 October 1779, with d'Estaing in overall command of the combined forces. After weeks of fruitless bombardment, on 9 October 1779, a major assault against the British siege works failed. During the attack, d'Estaing was twice wounded. When the
472:, leading a naval expedition to gather resources for ĂŽle-de-France. D'Estaing thought he would finesse his parole status by declaring himself to be a "spectator" in case the force came into conflict with the British or their allies, and permitted his second in command to lead such operations.
467:
While d'Estaing was at ĂŽle-de-France, word arrived of a prisoner exchange agreement between France and
Britain. D'Estaing, however, was excluded from this agreement because he had been paroled before its date. While requests were forwarded to India to negotiate his inclusion in the cartel,
634:
D'Estaing returned to France in 1767. At this time he had to deal with the formal separation from his wife, which they had agreed to in writing in 1756, before his departure for India. The division of their properties was somewhat contentious, leading to court proceedings and appeals that
625:
in present-day Canada by the
British during the war, as they had refused to take loyalty oaths to Britain. These efforts were largely unsuccessful, as many Acadian immigrants died of tropical disease. Others sought to resettle elsewhere because of the hot climate and poor land.
498:
men entered the well-fortified harbour and boarded the ship, taking it without resistance. In their haste to depart, the men cut lines necessary for towing the ship, and alarm was eventually raised in the port. A swarm of small boats was driven off by precision fire from
439:
in
December 1758, d'Estaing's division was positioned in the center of the French line. When the British made a sortie against that sector, d'Estaing advanced alone to reconnoiter their movements. He was surrounded by British troops, unhorsed, and twice wounded by
564:, charged with violating his parole, before being granted limited freedom from a house in London. He was able to successfully defend himself against the charges, and was allowed to return to France. Upon his arrival, d'Estaing was commissioned as
355:
army. D'Estaing became one of the leading reformers. After a few years, the
Regiment de Rouergue was viewed "as a model of the infantry". Seeking to gain experience in diplomacy, d'Estaing accompanied the French ambassador to England for a time.
534:). Its commander put up stiff resistance, fleeing into the hills when it was clear the French would be victorious. D'Estaing consequently decided to destroy the fortifications rather than hunt down the British. He next sailed for
515:. While en route he detached his accumulated prize ships, sending them to ĂŽle-de-France. D'Estaing's success was notable: in three months he had acquired significant prizes at the expense of only five casualties (28 men died of
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on 28 April 1794. Before his execution, d'Estaing wrote, "After my head falls off, send it to the
English, they will pay a good deal for it!" Both his wife Marie-Sophie Rousselot and his only child had died before him.
951:, he testified in her favour. On this account, and because of certain friendly letters which had passed between him and the queen, he was himself brought to trial, charged with being a reactionary. He was sent to the
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725:, preparatory to which he compelled the British to destroy some war vessels that were in the harbor. Before the concerted attack could take place, he put to sea against the British fleet, which was under
1440:
254:. He did have success in the Caribbean before returning to France in 1780. His difficulties working with American counterparts are cited among the reasons these operations in North America failed.
729:. Owing to a violent storm, which arose suddenly and compelled the two fleets to separate before engaging in battle, many of his vessels were so shattered that he found it necessary to put into
321:
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overseeing the approaches and placing of batteries. He continued to serve under Lally in his campaigns against the
British in southern India. He opposed Lally's decision to lift the siege of
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806:
fleet outnumbered Byron's, he still scrambled to embark soldiers and sail away from the island. Byron, unaware that d'Estaing had been reinforced, ordered a general chase, which resulted in
939:
broke out, he supported the revolutionary cause. In 1789, he was appointed as commanding general of the
Versailles National Guard, and in 1792 he was promoted to admiral's rank by the
691:. He intended to assist the American colonies against Great Britain. He sailed on 13 April, and, between the 11th and the 22nd of July, blockaded the smaller British fleet of
522:
After a slow crossing (retarded by calms and contrary winds), d'Estaing's fleet reached the coast of Sumatra in early February 1760. There he captured the British factory at
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Ordered back to France, d'Estaing boarded a westbound company ship. Just off the French coast the ship was captured by British patrols. He was imprisoned at
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810:. D'Estaing refused to press his numerical advantage, and both fleets ended up retiring to their bases for repairs. In August, d'Estaing sailed for
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503:, allowing a new line to be attached to the prize so that she could be towed out of the harbour. D'Estaing then destroyed the British
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campaigns of 1746–48. During these years he was promoted to colonel in command of Regiment de Rouergue, and was wounded at the 1748
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in southern India on 28 April 1758. Lally disembarked his troops, established a blockade around the town, and then traveled to
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642:, the country's principal Atlantic naval station. In 1777 he was promoted to vice admiral of the Asian and American seas (
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316:, as his aristocratic family chose military over civil service for him. He rose through the ranks, eventually joining the
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309:), who was born at about the same time. D'Estaing thus became close friends with the Dauphin and served in his retinue.
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223:(24 November 1729 – 28 April 1794) was a French military officer and nobleman. He began his service as a soldier in the
261:, he held a personal loyalty to the French royal family. Because of this he came under suspicion, and was executed by
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435:(the only one in Lally's war council to do so) following the British seizure of Karikal. When Lally began to
235:. Naval exploits during the latter war prompted him to change branches of service, and he transferred to the
526:, which he eventually turned over to the Dutch. He sailed for the British outpost at Tappanooly (present-day
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Engineers of Independence: A Documentary History of the Army Engineers in the American Revolution, 1775-1783
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in September 1759. From an Arab convoy captured at the end of the month, he learnt of a British ship at
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to Charles-François, the Marquis de Saillant and Marie-Henriette Colbert de Maulevrier, a descendant of
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320:(fr.) as a lieutenant in 1746. That same year he married Marie-Sophie, granddaughter of the celebrated
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in 1778, d'Estaing led a fleet to aid the American rebels. He participated in a failed Franco-American
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589:. Promoted to lieutenant general of the army on July 25, 1762, d'Estaing was also given the rank of
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Three years later, d'Estaing was placed at the head of the Franco-Spanish fleet assembled before
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with a long history of service to the French crown. The young d'Estaing was educated alongside
913:. The peace between the US, Great Britain and France was signed, and no operations took place.
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He arrived in the West Indies in December 1778, shortly after the British began operations to
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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that sailed in 1755, but his family dissuaded him from doing so. When an expedition to the
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assault failed, d'Estaing lifted the siege. British forces remained in control of coastal
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In June 1779, with his fleet reinforced by arrival of ten ships of the line commanded by
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to reinforce the Americans in Virginia. Admiral de Grasse defeated the British in the
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L'armateur préféré de Beaumarchais Jean Peltier Dudoyer, de Nantes à l'Isle de France
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In the early months of 1762 France made preparations for a major expedition against
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Quand vous aurez fait tomber ma tĂŞte, envoyez lĂ aux Anglais, ils la paieront cher!
818:, to join forces with the Americans who wanted to recapture the British-held city.
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After the American war, d'Estaing turned his attention to politics. He was made a
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D'Estaing was taken into Madras, where he was confined by the order of Governor
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671:, contemporary caricature showing d'Estaing presenting a palm frond to America
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on 18 June, and then set sail with his entire fleet, intending to capture
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In cooperation with the American generals, d'Estaing planned an attack on
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1255:. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 789.
883:, then minister in France, jokingly suggested that the French court at
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embarked on a program to modernize his army on the successful model of
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In 1764 King Louis appointed d'Estaing governor general of the French
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549:), the main British settlement on Sumatra. The town was defended by
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French people executed by guillotine during the French Revolution
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should provide America with the names of other gifted admirals.
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In 1772 d'Estaing was appointed naval inspector and governor at
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French military personnel of the War of the Austrian Succession
257:
Although d'Estaing sympathized with revolutionaries during the
312:
In May 1738 at the age of 9 he was nominally enrolled in the
1303:"CHATEAU-RENAULT_CHATEAURENAULT_ Marine Nationale Française"
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French military personnel of the American Revolutionary War
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of Georgia granted four 5000-acre tracts of vacant land in
798:. On 2 July he arrived off the island, which his forces
545:(now Bengkulu, the capital of the Indonesian province of
763:. He sailed in an attempt to relieve the place, but he
767:
in both land and naval efforts to prevent its capture.
475:
In command of a two-vessel company fleet (the 50-gun
221:
Jean Baptiste Charles Henri Hector, Count of Estaing
959:In his moments of leisure, d'Estaing wrote a poem,
165:
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605:, a post he held until 1766. Based principally in
1441:French military personnel of the Seven Years' War
1334:, February 2000. Retrieved Tue November 24, 2015.
568:, the reward for his service in the East Indies.
468:d'Estaing decided to enter the service of the
289:. His father was a lieutenant general in the
860:until they withdrew near the end of the war.
382:, d'Estaing considered joining the forces of
250:, in 1778, and the equally unsuccessful 1779
8:
635:ultimately failed to divide their estates.
378:between the British and French colonies in
324:. His regiment was called to serve in the
1360:Benjamin Franklin and the Birth of America
613:), he recruited French colonists known as
553:and a garrison of 500 Europeans and local
414:After a lengthy journey, the fleet of the
40:
29:
1278:, Paul K. Walker; The Minerva Group, 2002
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1222:
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644:vice-amiral des mers d'Asie et d'Amérique
491:. In a daring commando operation, 50 of
875:D'Estaing returned to France in 1780 on
46:Portrait by Jean-Baptiste Le Brun, 1769.
1033:
328:. D'Estaing served as aide-de-camp to
277:He was born on 24 November 1729 at the
34:Charles Henri Hector, Count of Estaing
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7:
1367:Public Characters of 1807, volume IX
967:(1789), and a book on the colonies.
27:French military officer and nobleman
1346:Colman-Maison, Jean Joseph Robert.
451:. Pigot offered to release him on
18:Charles Henri Hector d'Estaing
1332:American National Biography Online
890:In 1781 France sent a fleet under
242:Following France's entry into the
25:
1391:, Road of the castles of Auvergne
1369:, R. Phillips, by T. Gillet, 1807
1247:Estaing, Charles Hector, Comte d'
931:. In 1787, he was elected to the
782:. He first detached forces that
463:French East India Company service
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916:On September 28, 1784, Governor
778:, to take action against nearby
733:for repairs. He sailed for the
683:in command of a fleet of twelve
675:At the entry of France into the
138:
127:
107:
95:
1456:Order of Saint Louis recipients
847:The siege consisted of a joint
703:, off the southern entrance to
669:Le Destin molestant les Anglois
617:to settle there. They had been
577:Governor of the Leeward Islands
422:, arrived off British-occupied
1376:, Éd. Coiffard, 2015, 340 p. (
1349:L'Amiral d'Estaing (1729–1794)
808:a somewhat disorganized battle
530:in the Indonesian Province of
326:War of the Austrian Succession
248:siege of Newport, Rhode Island
225:War of the Austrian Succession
173:War of the Austrian Succession
1:
227:, briefly spending time as a
924:to d'Estaing and his heirs.
677:American War of Independence
660:Anglo-French War (1778–1783)
650:American War of Independence
483:), d'Estaing sailed for the
244:American War of Independence
1461:Governors of Saint-Domingue
359:
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825:
794:, he turned his sights on
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621:from the French colony of
391:d'Estaing was awarded the
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231:of the British during the
183:American Revolutionary War
470:French East India Company
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360:Seven Years' War in India
39:
1214:Colman-Maison, pp. 60-61
1205:Colman-Maison, pp. 55-59
1196:Colman-Maison, pp. 48-54
1187:Colman-Maison, pp. 47-48
1151:Colman-Maison, pp. 30-44
1142:Colman-Maison, pp. 26-28
1133:Colman-Maison, pp. 22-23
1124:Colman-Maison, pp. 20-22
922:Franklin County, Georgia
900:Battle of the Chesapeake
679:in 1778, D'Estaing left
656:Franco-American alliance
384:Louis-Joseph de Montcalm
1416:People from Puy-de-DĂ´me
1252:Encyclopædia Britannica
836:An October 1779 map by
322:Marshal Château-Renault
1040:Colman-Maison, pp. 2-3
896:an expeditionary force
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842:Bonaventure Plantation
717:Battle of Rhode Island
672:
593:(rear admiral) in the
411:
305:(father of the future
1372:Tugdual de Langlais,
1365:Stephens, Alexander,
1352:. Calmann-LĂ©vy, 1910.
1160:Colman-Maison, p. 44
871:
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723:Newport, Rhode Island
667:
511:, before sailing for
444:before surrendering.
406:
376:hostilities broke out
287:Jean-Baptiste Colbert
115:French First Republic
1421:French Navy admirals
1265:Stephens, pp.363-364
1178:Colman-Maison, p. 46
1169:Colman-Maison, p. 45
1115:Colman-Maison, p. 15
1106:Colman-Maison, p. 14
1027:North America portal
1013:United States portal
933:Assembly of Notables
784:captured St. Vincent
393:Order of Saint Louis
318:Regiment de Rouergue
193:Capture of St. Lucia
1362:. Bloomsbury, 2006.
1097:Colman-Maison, p. 7
1085:Colman-Maison, p. 6
1076:Colman-Maison, p. 5
1067:Colman-Maison, p. 4
1058:Colman-Maison, p. 3
1049:Colman-Maison, p. 2
780:British possessions
747:Battle of St. Lucia
409:Jean-Pierre Franque
349:Frederick the Great
338:Siege of Maastricht
188:Battle of St. Lucia
1426:Marshals of France
963:(1755), a tragedy
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751:Capture of Grenada
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370:Third Carnatic War
343:Following the war
198:Capture of Grenada
156:Lieutenant General
1466:Grandees of Spain
1446:Counts of Estaing
1328:Estaing, Comte d'
1326:Samuel F. Scott.
941:National Assembly
937:French Revolution
892:Admiral de Grasse
881:Benjamin Franklin
828:Siege of Savannah
822:Siege of Savannah
761:capture St. Lucia
755:Battle of Grenada
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416:comte d'Aché
413:
407:Portrait by
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166:Battles/wars
80:(1794-04-28)
1411:1794 deaths
1406:1729 births
935:. When the
904:at Yorktown
792:trade winds
741:West Indies
735:West Indies
595:French Navy
428:Pondicherry
388:East Indies
291:French Army
273:Early years
237:French Navy
146:French Navy
134:French Army
1400:Categories
1341:References
1313:2008-11-26
971:References
953:guillotine
885:Versailles
776:John Byron
701:New Jersey
697:Sandy Hook
583:Portuguese
314:musketeers
263:guillotine
91:Allegiance
59:1729-11-24
906:in 1781.
693:Lord Howe
687:and four
543:Bencoolen
457:Mauritius
424:Cuddalore
307:Louis XVI
877:crutches
853:American
812:Savannah
788:Barbados
689:frigates
619:deported
615:Acadians
598:agreed.
562:Plymouth
547:Bengkulu
528:Tapanuli
517:smallpox
353:Prussian
334:Flanders
295:a family
283:Auvergne
121:Service/
69:Auvergne
1240::
961:Le RĂŞve
858:Georgia
816:Georgia
796:Grenada
711:Newport
513:Sumatra
505:factory
442:bayonet
433:Tanjore
303:Dauphin
265:in the
160:Admiral
57: (
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1234:
849:Franco
753:, and
731:Boston
681:Toulon
623:Acadia
555:sepoys
536:Padang
496:'s
489:Muscat
453:parole
301:, the
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123:branch
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911:Cádiz
640:Brest
611:Haiti
524:Natal
501:Condé
493:Condé
477:Condé
374:When
299:Louis
293:from
85:Paris
1378:ISBN
658:and
368:and
152:Rank
75:Died
52:Born
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
