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Yoho, personal records indicate that by then it was clear that Thomas Felts wanted
Hatfield dead. Thomas Felts accused Hatfield of killing his brother Albert and publicly stated that he wanted to see him hanged. Lively was now instructed to cultivate friendships with the union participants in the gunfight, and obtain information that would lead to the conviction and execution of Hatfield and the others who were involved in the killing of the Felts brothers. After the gunfight, Lively helped plan violent actions planned by union men, and was so trusted that he became a bodyguard for Mother Jones and other union officials. Lively was among several Baldwin-Felts men who infiltrated the union to obtain information on the Battle of Matewan, but was the only one who was publicly identified.
156:, Lively fatally shot a striking miner, a Swedish immigrant named Swan Oleen, in a saloon in La Veta. Lively claimed that the shooting was in self-defense. According to his biographer R.G. Yoho, it is likely that Lively killed Oleen deliberately, perhaps because of Oleen's union activities, and that he did so in order to infiltrate the Huerfano County jail. While in jail, as Everett Lively, he gathered information on union activities for the detective agency. At the behest of Albert Felts, co-owner of the agency, Lively's stay in the jail was extended to 16 months for information-gathering purposes. Lively's activities in the jail were likely conducted with the knowledge of the county sheriff, who was anti-union. Lively subsequently pleaded guilty to
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murder of his two brothers and the acquittal of
Hatfield and the other defendants, that Lively had no reason to be at the courthouse, and that Lively's son Charles Albert Lively has written that his father stated that when the Felts brothers were killed Hatfield "signed his own death warrant". Yoho writes that there is "overwhelming proof" that Baldwin-Felts conspired with Lively to ensure that no one was convicted for the killings.
70:, Matewan's pro-union police chief, and his associate Edward Chambers, apparently at the behest of the detective agency. Lively successfully claimed self-defense in the double homicide. His participation in three killings, with scant consequences, cemented his reputation as one of the most violent opponents of efforts to unionize the coal fields. He has been called "the deadliest man in the West Virginia-Colorado coal mine wars".
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close to the coal operators. The defense countered that it was absurd that
Hatfield would engage in a gun battle with heavily armed men with that as a motive. The defendants were acquitted. Lively's career as a labor spy ended and he never returned to Matewan. He took no precautions to shield his family from the possible wrath of the miners. After the trial, Lively was expelled from the union for 99 years.
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319:, Lively and another man were indicted on charges that they assaulted the 13-year-old daughter of a non-union coal miner. The other man confessed and was sentenced to life in prison. Lively was acquitted. When the indictment was publicized, the UMWA protested Lively's employment as a guard, saying that he should not be employed in that position in any coal mine.
116:, employed in coal mines there. Since miners had little mobility at the time due to their poverty, it is entirely possible that he began work with Baldwin-Felts two years earlier than stated in his testimony. Newspaper accounts indicate that Lively obtained employment in Colorado at the Pike's View mine in 1910, and was seriously injured there.
207:, at UMWA headquarters at the time of the battle, in which ten men were killed, including seven Baldwin-Felts operatives and several others were wounded. Among the dead were the brothers Albert and Lee Felts, brothers of the agency's co-owner Thomas Felts, and the pro-union Mayor Cabell Testerman. The town's pro-union sheriff,
186:, a scene of labor unrest, drawing a salary of $ 225 a month plus expenses from Baldwin-Felts. In West Virginia he became an active member of the union, and became involved in organizing meetings, swearing in new members and planning strategies. At one point he posed with a photo that included other union activists and
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On August 1, 1921, the two men, both unarmed, were fatally shot on the steps of the courthouse by at least three
Baldwin-Felts agents, Lively among them. The first to fire was Lively, shooting two guns at Hatfield, killing him. According to later testimony by Chambers' widow, Lively administered the
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In 1937, Lively was indicted for shooting his 16-year-old son Gordon in the neck. He was convicted and sentenced to 18 months in prison with hard labor, of which he served one year. After his release, Gordon shot his father with a shotgun, for which he was later imprisoned. Lively separated from his
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of
Tennessee regarding the practice of agencies infiltrating union organizers. McKellar denounced the practice of detective infiltrating unions, saying it was "not right." In response to questioning, Lively said that if the union members knew he was a detective they would have "turned me over to an
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Lively was called to testify as the state's star witness even though he did not directly witness the gun battle, and could only speak of things he had heard. He testified that
Hatfield killed Testerman because of a desire to court his wife, who he later married, and because Testerman was getting too
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In 1911, Lively married Icie Bell Goff in
Charleston, West Virginia. They had nine children, six sons and three daughters. Their marriage was unhappy due to his frequent absences, unfaithfulness and abuse toward his wife and children, which included beatings with a phone cord and locking one son in
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Lively returned to West
Virginia in January or February 1920. Posing as a coal miner, he investigated the robbery of a company store and the burning of coal mining equipment. While engaged in those probes, Lively became known as a union sympathizer, for which he was fired. This firing only enhanced
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In his biography of Lively, author R. G. Yoho writes that there is "no conclusive proof" that the leadership of
Baldwin-Felts conspired to kill Hatfield and Chambers, but that "circumstances and evidence strain credulity to think otherwise." Yoho points out that Thomas Felts was traumatized by the
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Subsequent to the gunfight, Lively's restaurant, which was on the east end of
Matewan, became a meeting place for both sides of the conflict. It became a "rendezvous for strikers" who "repeatedly detailed to him" how they planned the shootings of Baldwin-Felts personnel in the battle. According to
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Hatfield and 22 other defendants were put on trial in February 1921 for the murder of Albert Felts, with other trials planned for the future. In the runup to the trial, the coal operators offered $ 1,000 to any of the defendants willing to switch sides and testify for the prosecution. Prosecutors
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The Baldwin-Felts men claimed self-defense. In December 1921, Lively and two other Baldwin-Felts employees, George Pence and William Salters, were acquitted of murder charges in the Chambers killing. The jury deliberated for 51 minutes before reaching a verdict. In April 1922, the three men were
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officer, a position he acquired in January 1921. There, he was engaged in a number of violent incidents. He was fined $ 100 and sentenced to 60 days in jail after being found guilty of using unlawful force when he pistol-whipped a man during an arrest. In 1924, Lively was arrested again for
149:, and investigate a murder committed by union men. He did so successfully, using the name Everett Lively, and became vice-president of the local while working as a detective. He obtained evidence that led to the murder arrest of Jonathan Flockheart, who was secretary of the local.
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coal miners and their allies against Baldwin-Felts agents. Other accounts indicate that he was running the restaurant three weeks before the gunfight and continued to operate it until February 1921, when he was called to witness at a trial stemming from the battle. Lively was in
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After leaving Colorado in 1915, he worked for Baldwin-Felts in Missouri for about a year, and then was assigned to Oklahoma, Kansas and Illinois, where he was located in 1917. His work in those regions is not known due to destruction of the agency's records in future years.
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Lively began working as a coal miner at the age of 13, doing "most anything about a mine—loading coal, running a machine". As a youth he was "friendly and persuasive", and became close to Fred Mooney, a future leader of District 17 of the United Mine Workers of America.
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to Chambers, shooting the wounded man in the head. One of the Baldwin-Felts men fired shots into the granite face of the courthouse and placed the guns in the dead hands of Hatfield and Chambers in order to lay the groundwork for a self-defense claim.
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shows his name as "Everett Lively", and it is unclear if his birth name was "Charles". It is possible that name was added as an alias after he began work undercover in the coal fields. He then began calling himself "Charles Everett Lively" by 1940.
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agreed to drop charges against any defendant who did so. Lively helped persuade one defendant, Isaac Brewer, to do so, plying him with alcohol and meals at his restaurant. Brewer's testimony, however, was ultimately ineffective.
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Lively was born on March 6, 1887, in Spring Hill, West Virginia, one of 11 children born to James Joseph Lively and Amelia Parsons. His father was a farmer who struggled to make a living, and his mother was illiterate. The
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Testimony of C.E. Lively before the Committee on Education and Labor, United States Senate, July 20, 1921, published as "West Virginia Coal Fields, Vol. 1," Washington, Government Printing Office, downloaded via
354:, at the age of 75. His death was ruled a suicide by a gunshot wound to the head. Lively had been blind for over a year, and his wife, who had serious health problems, was hospitalized shortly before his suicide.
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Lively became the operator of a restaurant in Matewan just beneath the UMWA office. His restaurant became a popular hangout for union miners. Lively has testified that he began operating the restaurant after the
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and was sentenced to ten days in jail, with credit for time served. He was freed and ordered to leave Colorado, a decision that was necessary for his protection after the union became aware that he was a spy.
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Lively worked as a deputy sheriff in West Virginia in the early 1930s, and in the 1940s he and his second wife, Ollie Mae, operated the Forde Hotel in
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on a federal whiskey possession charge. He was ordered held when he could not post a $ 10,000 bond. Federal agents had raided his room at a
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in May 1920, in which seven Baldwin–Felts detectives were killed. The following year, Lively and another Baldwin–Felts operative killed
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in West Virginia and five other states, sometimes while working as a coal miner. After fatally shooting a striking miner during the
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by marrying Ollie Mae Hale, a woman 20 years his junior. They divorced in 1961, and Lively moved back with his first wife.
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Lively disappeared from public view after the murder trials, and in 1923 was working as McDowell County Deputy Sheriff and
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Lively was so successful posing as a UMWA activist that he became a union delegate and was once photographed with
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on conspiracy charges. The county was anti-union, and Hatfield felt he was being brought there to be killed.
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123:. In addition to his mining pay, his initial salary from Baldwin-Felts was $ 75 a month plus expenses.
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The Nine Lives of Charles E. Lively: The Deadliest Man in the West Virginia-Colorado Coal Mine Wars.
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The Nine Lives of Charles E. Lively: The Deadliest Man in the West Virginia-Colorado Coal Mine Wars
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104:. He testified before Congress that he joined the detective agency in late 1912 or early 1913 in
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259:. Lively supplied the information that was the basis of the prosecution. They stood trial in
499:"The Devil Is Here In These Hills: West Virginia's Coal Miners and Their Battle for Freedom"
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Sid Hatfield, police chief of Matewan, West Virginia, was shot by Lively on August 1, 1921.
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24:(March 6, 1887 – May 28, 1962) was an American private detective who worked as a
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In 1913, he attended a UMWA convention as a delegate, representing the local in
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1027:. Bluefield, West Virginia. Associated Press. September 29, 1925. p. 1.
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his reputation with union coal miners. After his firing, he was assigned to
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wife in the late 1930s and in 1940, without divorcing his wife, committed
1098:. Hazleton, Pennsylvania. Associated Press. October 14, 1925. p. 6.
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100:, in 1902, and remained in the union even after his work began with the
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190:. He became widely viewed by union members as a future union leader.
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692:. Kingsport, Tennessee. Associated Press. July 22, 1921. p. 1.
1277:"John Sayles, Filmmaker: A Critical Study and Filmography, 2nd Ed."
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He was the subject of a biography in 2020 by historian R. G. Yoho,
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National Historic Landmark Nomination: Matewan Historic District
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47:, Lively spent several years working for Baldwin–Felts in the
1213:"West Virginia Vital Research Records – Death Record Detail"
990:. Charleston, West Virginia. February 9, 1925. p. 2.
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in Appalachia and Colorado during the early 20th century.
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In July 1921, Lively was called to testify before the
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even while working as a union spy in western states.
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the cellar. He maintained the family's residence in
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Lively joined the United Mine Workers of America in
1249:. Beckley, West Virginia. May 31, 1962. p. 2.
198:, a gun battle on May 19, 1920, which pitted local
984:"C.E. Lively Is Held On Liquor Possession Charge"
137:Sometime after 1910, Lively became active in the
920:. Associated Press. April 25, 1922. p. 1.
408:History of union busting in the United States
293:assaulting a grand jury witness against him.
62:. His cover was abandoned in the wake of the
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315:at a Fairmont-Chicago Coal Company mine in
239:Killing of Sid Hatfield and Edward Chambers
145:, assigned to infiltrate the UMWA local in
230:, where he was sternly questioned by Sen.
1382:American people convicted of manslaughter
255:for "shooting up" a mining encampment in
1437:Prisoners and detainees of West Virginia
1223:from the original on September 11, 2017
1102:from the original on September 10, 2021
1068:from the original on September 10, 2021
1058:"Admits Attacking Girl, Gets Life Term"
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572:"United Mine Workers Journal, Vol. 32"
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311:Later that year, while employed as a
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1021:"C.E. Lively Held in Fairmont Jail"
686:"Senator M'Kellar Scores "Spotter""
276:acquitted in the Hatfield slaying.
32:. He played an active role in the
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413:Labor spying in the United States
1387:American prisoners and detainees
1064:. October 13, 1925. p. 20.
886:. December 18, 1921. p. 2.
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304:, where he was staying under an
296:In 1925, Lively was arrested in
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1372:20th-century American criminals
102:Baldwin–Felts Detective Agency
41:United Mine Workers of America
30:Baldwin–Felts Detective Agency
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169:Union infiltration in Matewan
106:Fayette County, West Virginia
98:Kanawha County, West Virginia
139:Western Federation of Miners
184:Mingo County, West Virginia
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860:"Images of America: Welch"
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1402:Coal mining in Appalachia
1392:People from West Virginia
1282:October 11, 2021, at the
1025:Bluefield Daily Telegraph
988:The Charleston Daily Mail
865:October 11, 2021, at the
833:October 11, 2021, at the
668:October 14, 2011, at the
504:October 11, 2021, at the
352:Huntington, West Virginia
205:Charleston, West Virginia
143:Huerfano County, Colorado
112:indicates that he was in
51:before his assignment in
1062:Pittsburgh Gazette Times
577:October 2, 2021, at the
362:Lively was portrayed by
337:Bluefield, West Virginia
317:Chesapake, West Virginia
158:involuntary manslaughter
114:El Paso County, Colorado
914:"Three Freed of Murder"
880:"Three Freed of Murder"
400:Organized labour portal
330:Personal life and death
182:and then to Matewan in
121:Gatewood, West Virginia
1317:. Fox Run Publishing.
1092:"Mine Guard Acquitted"
439:, pp. title page.
298:Stirrat, West Virginia
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154:Colorado Coalfield War
133:Colorado Coalfield War
53:Matewan, West Virginia
45:Colorado Coalfield War
22:Charles Everett Lively
1407:Private investigators
826:Blizzard, William C.
257:Mohawk, West Virginia
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1313:Yoho, R. G. (2020).
1247:The Raleigh Register
261:Welch, West Virginia
228:United States Senate
152:In 1914, during the
39:Lively spied on the
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858:Archer, William R.
828:"When Miners March"
350:He died in 1962 in
653:, pp. 49, 70.
358:In popular culture
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18:American labor spy
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884:The Baltimore Sun
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781:, pp. 82–83.
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324:Roanoke, Virginia
196:Battle of Matewan
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64:Battle of Matewan
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849:, p. 98.
848:
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817:, p. 97.
816:
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804:
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792:
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768:
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744:
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284:After Matewan
283:
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269:coup de grâce
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235:undertaker."
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27:
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1343:Find a Grave
1337:
1314:
1291:
1271:
1261:– via
1257:September 7,
1255:. Retrieved
1246:
1237:
1225:. Retrieved
1216:
1207:
1180:
1168:
1156:
1144:
1132:
1120:
1110:– via
1104:. Retrieved
1095:
1086:
1076:– via
1070:. Retrieved
1061:
1039:– via
1033:. Retrieved
1024:
1002:– via
998:September 9,
996:. Retrieved
987:
978:
966:
954:
942:
932:– via
926:. Retrieved
917:
908:
898:– via
894:September 7,
892:. Retrieved
883:
874:
854:
842:
822:
810:
798:
786:
774:
762:
750:
738:
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704:– via
700:September 7,
698:. Retrieved
689:
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622:
610:
598:
586:
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366:in the 1987
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209:Sid Hatfield
200:Mingo County
192:
188:Mother Jones
172:
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118:
95:
91:
82:
74:Early career
68:Sid Hatfield
60:Mother Jones
57:
49:Great Plains
38:
21:
20:
15:
1367:1962 deaths
1357:1887 births
1275:Ryan, Jack
837:pp. 140–142
368:John Sayles
290:Prohibition
110:1910 census
86:1900 census
1351:Categories
1306:References
364:Bob Gunton
176:Williamson
1427:Bigamists
1397:Coal Wars
1296:Yoho 2020
1200:Yoho 2020
1185:Yoho 2020
1173:Yoho 2020
1161:Yoho 2020
1149:Yoho 2020
1137:Yoho 2020
1125:Yoho 2020
971:Yoho 2020
959:Yoho 2020
947:Yoho 2020
847:Yoho 2020
815:Yoho 2020
803:Yoho 2020
791:Yoho 2020
779:Yoho 2020
767:Yoho 2020
755:Yoho 2020
743:Yoho 2020
731:Yoho 2020
719:Yoho 2020
651:Yoho 2020
639:Yoho 2020
627:Yoho 2020
615:Yoho 2020
603:Yoho 2020
591:Yoho 2020
553:Yoho 2020
541:Yoho 2020
529:Yoho 2020
517:Yoho 2020
486:Yoho 2020
449:Yoho 2020
437:Yoho 2020
306:pseudonym
34:Coal Wars
26:labor spy
1280:Archived
1251:Archived
1221:Archived
1100:Archived
1066:Archived
1029:Archived
992:Archived
922:Archived
888:Archived
863:Archived
831:Archived
694:Archived
666:Archived
575:Archived
502:Archived
476:ProQuest
386:See also
302:Y.M.C.A.
180:Merrimac
127:Colorado
28:for the
1286:pg. 297
581:pg. 345
373:Matewan
1321:
672:pg. 13
345:bigamy
869:Ch. 2
424:Notes
370:film
313:guard
1319:ISBN
1259:2021
1229:2017
1108:2021
1074:2021
1037:2021
1000:2021
930:2021
896:2021
702:2021
1341:at
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1353::
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