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a great deal. In one modern assessment, the campaign "had successfully bottled up the
Russian Navy for the entire first summer of the war. The tsar had been denied an opportunity to reinforce his Black Sea fleet with additional ships. The 30,000 Russian troops posted in the Gulf had also been prevented from joining the army in the Crimea." In addition, Napier's constant training had welded the fleet personnel into a much more competent force for the next year's campaign; and not a single ship had been lost.
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killing 1,100 men. That night Acre was occupied. British losses were only 18 men killed and 41 wounded. During the action, Napier had manoeuvred independently against
Stopford's orders and his division, by accident and mutual misunderstandings, left a space in the fleet's deployment, not that this affected the outcome. Some captains wanted Napier to be court-martialled for insubordination, but Stopford did not push the issue.
769:). Eventually American firepower prevailed; Napier was compelled to retire to the warships with substantial casualties, and Cochrane's fleet later withdrew on the morning of the 14th, with the Americans raising a substantially huge 42 by 30-foot flag, with the firing of the traditional morning gun at daylight, after the night's driving rainstorm and bombardments, enabling all to see from the town that the fort had held.
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1563:—was raised against him for his apparent lack of determination. His inaction was thoroughly justified by the sequel: in 1855 a better-equipped Anglo-French fleet did bombard Sveaborg, but despite an enormous expenditure of ammunition caused the fortress only trifling structural damage. Napier felt he was continually being second-guessed by the Admiralty, and especially by the
1242:. Stopford repudiated the arrangement immediately when he had heard the news; the Sultan and the British ambassador were furious, and several of the Allied powers declared it void. Nevertheless, the formal treaty later concluded and confirmed on 27 November was essentially a ratification of Napier's original, and his friend
848:(4 June 1815). He married Frances Elizabeth Elers, née Younghusband, generally referred to as Eliza, whom he had known and loved in Edinburgh while still a teenager. In the meantime Eliza had married a Lieutenant Edward Elers and been widowed. She had four children whom Napier adopted as his own. Of these the second son,
1571:. In fact the Naval Lords were reacting to adverse press coverage and unwilling to accept the assessment of the commander on the spot, and relations between them deteriorated as his ships maintained the blockade in atrocious weather, quite unable to storm or destroy impregnable Russian fortresses into the bargain.
1200:, Napier was ordered to relinquish command of the army to withdraw and hand over the land forces to the now recovered Brigadier-General Smith. To do so would have meant giving up the tactical initiative, and Napier accordingly disobeyed the order and continued with the attack against Ibrahim's army. The ensuing
723:) until the naval forces were able to subdue the fort and move upriver to attack the eastern land redoubts. The critical period of the attack developed shortly after midnight when a picked British force in longboats armed with scaling ladders under Napier's command penetrated the Middle or Ferry Branch of the
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who walked with a limp and a stoop due to his leg and neck wounds. His common nickname in the Navy was 'Black
Charlie' because of his swarthy appearance and dark side-whiskers. He was also known as 'Mad Charlie' because of his eccentric behaviour and enthusiasms, and 'Dirty Charlie' from his habit of
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Never one to mince his words or submit to what he felt to be unmerited criticism, Napier's 'disrespectful' tone in his despatches, which the
Admiralty complained of, sealed his professional fate. Nevertheless, though lacking any dramatic action apart from the capture of Bomarsund, Napier had achieved
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propulsion. During 1848, the fleet was mainly off the coast of
Ireland, where the political situation dictated that Napier show the flag and train for the eventuality of transporting and landing soldiers on practically any part of the Irish coast. In December he took the Channel Fleet further than it
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with 1,500 Turks and marines to operate against
Ibrahim, who was prevented by the revolt from doing more than trying to hold the coastal cities. Meanwhile, Stopford, claiming his flag of truce had been fired on, bombarded Beirut, killing many civilians. Napier next distinguished himself by leading an
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under Napier's command on 10 June 1822, and proceeded up the Seine to Paris, where she caused a great stir and where she was based for the next decade. This has been claimed as the first passage from France to
Britain by steam ship, which it was not: but it was the first direct passage from London to
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Napier, without reference to his admiral or the
British government, personally negotiated a peace with Muhammad Ali. The treaty guaranteed Muhammad Ali and his heirs the sovereignty of Egypt, and pledged to evacuate Ibrahim's beleaguered army back to Alexandria, if Muhammad Ali in turn renounced all
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On 3 November the
Mediterranean Fleet, with its Turkish and Austrian allies, moved into position against the western and southern sides of the town. The fire of the ships (48,000 rounds in all) was devastatingly accurate. A shell penetrated the main magazine in the south of the city, which exploded
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On the demand of France Napier was struck off the
British navy list. On the other hand, Dom Pedro appointed him Admiral of the Portuguese Navy on 10 July. Napier's victory, with a fleet largely manned by British seamen, was viewed in Britain as a credit to the Royal Navy. The victory and consequent
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There had never been any doubt that the navy would return to the Baltic in 1855 but this did nothing to stop speculation about the identity of the new Commander-in-Chief and the composition of his command. By the end of February 1855 everything was settled: Rear-Admiral the Hon. Richard Dundas (no
1632:. He never received another command. He continued to campaign vigorously for improvements in the way common seamen were treated during and after service, and maintained his parliamentary seat, though broken in health, until his death on 6 November 1860. His tomb is in the churchyard of All Saints,
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region for the constitutional cause. After the final defeat of Miguel and the death of Dom Pedro shortly afterwards, Napier found himself frustrated in his attempts to reform the naval administration of Portugal and returned to England. His departure was followed by a vote of thanks to him in both
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should be abolished, and that seamen should receive proper wages and pensions. In all this he was far ahead of his time. His advocacy had little effect: on the contrary, successive administrators considered him an eccentric nuisance. He had been interested in steam navigation since its beginnings,
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During these years Napier began a voluminous and indefatigable correspondence with the Admiralty on the urgency for naval reform, which lasted for the rest of his career. He sought to persuade successive civil administrations of the need for innovative ship-design and tactics, the development of
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on the north shoreline which was blown up by the Americans prior to the attack. The town of Alexandria capitulated with a ransom paid and the shipping there was seized. The squadron successfully withdrew downriver with their prizes despite frequent harassing American attacks from the shores
860:. The son, Charles, died as a result of an accident aged five. The first years of his leisure Napier spent in Italy, Switzerland (where he briefly took up farming), and in Paris. He had inherited considerable wealth from his mother's side of the family and spent it freely.
1471:, the largest fleet which the Royal Navy had assembled since the Napoleonic Wars. This was not without misgivings on the part of the Admiralty, but he was the most senior and experienced officer available. Napier hoisted his flag in February 1854 in the steam
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Paris by steam ship and the first seagoing voyage by an iron ship anywhere. Napier's company built five similar steamships but in 1827 he went bankrupt, leaving the family in severe financial difficulty. (Sold off, the ships gave 30 years further service.)
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After the war the Russians testified that, knowing Napier's reputation, their main hope had been of his making a foolhardy attack on their fleet under the guns of Kronstadt, where they were confident he would have come to grief. Napier was elected MP for
939:. The Admiralty gave him permission to fit her with paddles of his own design, worked by winches on the main deck. He carried out trials that proved that ships could travel independently of the wind. The Admiralty, however, did not adopt this innovation.
739:) to the west of the fort with the intention of storming it from the rear flank. Before they could land, however, they were detected and subjected to a withering fire from the still active guns of Fort McHenry and two smaller forts to the west, batteries
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several captains to testify to their lack of confidence in him, his timidity, his age, his lack of understanding of steam tactics, and his heavy drinking. Nevertheless, some of the leading seamen in the fleet, such as Captain (later Admiral) Sir
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667:. The British squadron took 10 days to travel 50 miles (80 km) upriver, with many strandings and damage from a tornado/thunderstorm (after the Washington fires), but on 28 August 1814 before attempting a bombardment, they captured
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entry of 1911, "Sir Charles Napier was a man of undoubted energy and courage, but of no less eccentricity and vanity. He caused great offence to many of his brother officers by his behaviour to his superior, Admiral Stopford, in the
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and chronically short of men and especially of experienced seamen. He was also hampered by contradictory sets of orders from the Admiralty. Nevertheless, he successfully blockaded all the Russian ports, sufficiently overawed the
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Napier unsuccessfully contested the Portsmouth parliamentary seat for a second time in the by-election of December 1834. He then occupied himself until 1836 with writing a history of the Portuguese War and his own part in it.
797:, Virginia, (since making her only war cruise during the first year of the War) to come out and fight a single-ship duel. The challenge was accepted and due arrangements were made 'in the most gentlemanly fashion', but
1941:, p. 197: Secretary of the Admiralty to Sir Charles Napier 13 January 1855: "... you have repeatedly thought fit to adopt a tone in your correspondence with their Lordships which is not respectful of their authority".
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On Napier's return from the Baltic to Britain in December 1854 he was ordered to haul down his flag and informed his command was terminated, the fleet being given for the campaign of 1855 to Admiral the Hon.
1530:, who threw a Russian explosive shell overboard before it could detonate. During the campaign Rear-Admiral Corry was invalided home because of poor health; he was replaced by Commodore (later Rear-Admiral)
856:: he also wrote books of travel and reminiscence, as well as the authoritative biography of his stepfather. Frances also gave Napier two children of his own, a son born in Rome and a daughter born by
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had been put ashore to the southeast at North Point with his regiments to attack the town from the east. He was shot in a brief skirmish just before his troops met the City Brigade regiments of the
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for a voyage to St Helena escorting a convoy of ships and then in the English Channel and off the coast of France. (In later years, feeling he had been badly treated as a midshipman by her captain,
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1772:, but never actually served in her, because she was lost before he could join her; but Edward Elers Napier (p. 6) quotes a contemporary account showing he was made midshipman in 1799 and sailed in
719:, the regiments waited outside the substantial American dug-in fortifications with opposing approx. 20,000 troops and 100 artillery at old Loudenschlager's Hill (today's Hampstead Hill in western
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as a KCB on 4 December 1840, and was also included in the vote of thanks by the Houses of Parliament. He was also presented by the Emperors of Russia and Austria and the King of Prussia with the
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criticising the Admiralty's policy. When he applied for the vacant Mediterranean command, the Government and Admiralty agreed that he could not be trusted and he was rejected, Rear-Admiral Sir
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for refitting and then took part in the ongoing blockade of the eastern seaboard of the U.S.A.. Bored by such duties, Napier issued a challenge to the famous American, Baltimore-built frigate
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1204:, on 10 October, was a hard-fought victory, one of the very few land battles won by a naval officer. By the end of the month the only coastal position still held by the Egyptians was
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Priscilla Napier (1995), who is not elsewhere free from error, gives the birth year as 1787 (p. 1, and book title), but provides no evidence. All other authorities agree on 1786.
1180:: mainly British, but also including Austrian, Ottoman and Russian warships. Open war broke out on 11 September. Due to the illness of the army commander, Brigadier-General Sir
1399:, was feared to be near insurrection. Moreover, there were considerations of experiment and training with new ships, made necessary by the rapid technological advances such as
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The major success of the campaign was the capture and destruction, in a near-perfect combined operation by French and British soldiers and sailors, of the Russian fortress of
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Napier returned to Britain in April 1849 and was ordered to strike his flag. His disappointment that his expected three years term had been cut short led to bitter letters to
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claims to Syria, submitted to the Sultan and returned the Ottoman fleet. 'I do not know if I have done right in settling the eastern question', Napier wrote on 26 November to
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The rapid collapse of Muhammad Ali's power, with the prospect of bloody chaos in Egypt, was not part of the Allies' plan, so Stopford sent Napier to command the squadron at
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1309:. He spoke mainly on naval topics, especially conditions for seamen and increasing the strength of the navy. In April 1842, with 67 other MPs, he voted for the motion of
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The Admiralty attempted to make Napier a scapegoat for the perceived failure of the campaign (which, within the limits of the possible, had been rather successful) and
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2006:
left Kiel on the 7th , anchoring at Spithead nine days later. On the 22nd Napier was ordered to strike his flag and go ashore. It was the end of his seagoing career .
882:. In 1821 he financed and participated in the construction of one of the first iron-hulled vessels ever built, and the first designed to venture into open water. The
1545:, which were temporarily liberated from Russian rule and which Napier offered to Sweden (they were declined). When Napier refused to attack the great naval bases at
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steam ships and the use of iron in ship construction, the proper training of officers, and decent living conditions for ordinary seamen. He held that the use of the
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1176:, Muhammad Ali's governor, to abandon the town and leave Syria, there was little he could do until September, when he was joined by the allied fleet under Admiral
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arrived at Gibraltar on 12 June to hear the other two ships were three days ahead of her, but by superior seamanship Napier overtook them in the Mediterranean and
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1364:. By this time he was perhaps the naval personality most famous to the general public: his level of everyday name-recognition is shown by the passing allusion in
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The Channel Fleet was sometimes a sinecure, but this was by no means the case during Napier's period of command. The fleet's area of operations was not just the
1149:, Malta on the evening of 24 June, with band playing and under every stitch of canvas, twelve hours ahead of her rivals. There followed a lull of about a year.
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Intrepid behaviour of Captn Charles Napier, in H M 18 gun Brig Recruit for which he was appointed to the D' Haupoult. The 74 now pouring a broadside into her.
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From this exploit he took the pseudonym of "Charles, Conte di Ponza" (Charles, Count of Ponza) when he commanded a Portuguese naval squadron during the
763:, arrested earlier for jailing British Army deserters, was inspired to compose the poem, "The Defence of Fort McHenry", which was later set to music as
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Continuing his Portuguese services, Napier commanded land forces in the successful defence of Lisbon, September 1833. For these services he was made
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and to observe the situation. Here, acting once again on his own initiative, Napier appeared before the city on 25 November and enforced a blockade.
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After the surrender of Napoleon and his first period of exile in 1814, Napier and his ship were transferred to the coast of North America, where the
361:. An innovator concerned with the development of iron ships, and an advocate of humane reform in the Royal Navy, he was also active in politics as a
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as 'Admiral Charles Napier', he was only an Admiral as far as Portugal was concerned. He was restored to his former rank of captain in the British
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1557:, which observation had established were probably impregnable without shallow-draught bomb vessels which he did not have, a great outcry—led by
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He was invited to stand as Parliamentary candidate in two constituencies and so at his own request was placed on half pay. He was returned as
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was made part of the squadron that Admiral Cochrane took to Florida and Louisiana in December 1814 in the operations that climaxed in the
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with 15,000 troops to burn towns and villages along the Lebanese coast. By 1 July 1840 Napier, with a detached squadron and the rank of
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438:, Napier challenged that officer to a duel, though they were eventually reconciled by their seconds.) In 1804–5 he served briefly on
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1113:, ruler of Egypt, invaded it and destroyed a Turkish army, Napier was ordered to the Mediterranean. On the evening of 29 May 1839
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962:), that they begged him to take command of their small fleet. Having unsuccessfully contested the parliamentary by-election for
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1459:, which was part of the Crimean War. Napier is the large figure in the slouch hat and carrying telescope in centre foreground.
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claiming that he had been defrauded of his just rights. He unsuccessfully contested the parliamentary seat for the Borough of
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that it never stirred from its moorings, and carried out many bombardment operations as far as the northernmost point of the
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1372:("the British fleet a-riding at anchor / with Admiral Napier, K.C.B."). He did not stand again for his parliamentary seat at
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wearing the most unsuitable and ill-fitting clothes while insisting that his officers were correctly dressed at all times.
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and then onto the Moroccan coast, with the purpose of curbing the activities of Riff pirates. He compelled the Sultan of
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His rank was confirmed on 22 May 1809, but he was put on half-pay, when he came home as temporary captain of the frigate
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2138:"Correspondence between the Admiralty and Vice-Admiral Sir C. Napier respecting Naval Operations in the Baltic 1854" in
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being appointed instead. This led Napier to write more angry letters to the newspapers and directly to Prime Minister
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904:, where she was pre-fabricated to a design formulated by Napier, Manby and Manby's son Charles and then assembled at
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958:. He so impressed the constitutional leaders, especially the Count de Vila Flor (better known by his later title of
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1660:, and was embroiled all his life in quarrels with the Admiralty." Napier was a large, untidy man of about 14 stone
1620:, maintained along with him that Napier's strategy had been wise and the faults lay with the Admiralty themselves.
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Diplomacy and Duels on the High Seas Littleton Waller Tazewell and the Challenge of HMS Euryalus By Stuart Butler
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had already started from England. Wishing to overtake them, Napier set sail at 2 a.m. on the 30th for Gibraltar.
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that afternoon. After pausing for the night to tend to the substantial wounded and now under the command of Col.
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1492:, commanding the scouting forces. They were all elderly men, at most a year or so younger than Napier himself.
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returned to Britain. Napier's last mission of the Napoleonic wars was to land troops at the mouth of the River
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Napier continued to be interested in warship design and was responsible for the design of the paddle-frigate
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in Hampshire. The ships of the Portuguese Navy went into eight days of mourning for their former commander.
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as aide-de-camp, bringing troop reinforcements and using the incognito of 'Carlos da Ponza', he arrived in
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disappeared, presumed lost with all hands, in October 1800, therefore 5 months after Napier left her for
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and having been promoted to commander on 30 November 1807, he was appointed acting commander of the brig
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relation to the former C.-in-C. in the Mediterranean) was to command a fleet comprising steamships only.
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and began investing his considerable resources in a steam vessel service that would ply along the River
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1600:. (None of the flag officers of the 1854 campaign was allowed to return to the Baltic in 1855, but Sir
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by Miguel's armies. He assumed command of the Liberal fleet, succeeding its previous British commander
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to open a second front in the south of the country. On his return voyage he destroyed the much larger
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852:, became a naval officer. The eldest, Edward Elers Napier, entered the army, rising to the rank of
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Priscilla Napier states (p. 3) he was made midshipman in 1800 and "entered on the books of" HMS
605:, disrupting enemy shipping. Among his principal exploits was the 1813 capture of the island of
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1395:, and British interests in that country needed protecting. Ireland, in the aftermath of the
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1168:, was patrolling the coast to protect British interests. Though in August he appeared off
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that began early in the morning of the 13th. At. the same time, earlier on the 12th, Gen.
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2018:
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The annual register or a view of the history, politics and literature for the year 1813
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1012:, which the Miguelites abandoned, though Napier's squadron was now ravaged by cholera.
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408:, but left her in May 1800 before she was lost with all hands. He next served aboard
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1332:, his personal account of the campaign. On 4 December 1845 he was invested with the
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rose in revolt against the occupying Egyptians and Muhammad Ali in retaliation sent
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609:, which was a possible haven for corsairs. In 1813 he moved to command the frigate
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to see that the treaty was being adhered to before returning to Britain in March.
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In 1834, with a small army made up largely of British sailors, he reconquered the
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Napier, still on half-pay, then went to Portugal to visit his three cousins, (all
477:(40 guns), on 13 March 1806. After returning home with Warren, he returned to the
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in February 1855, and carried his dispute with the Admiralty to the floor of the
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In acknowledgement of his distinguished services during the campaign Napier was
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and was probably the naval officer most widely known to the public in the early
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to acquire a fleet for the liberation of Italy, which he would have commanded.
1416:, to grant compensation for the injuries he had inflicted on British commerce.
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The Egyptians abandoned Beirut on 3 October. While preparing to attack them at
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on 9 March 1836, and in July 1837 unsuccessfully contested the by-election for
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647:(southeast of the American national capital), Arriving several days after the
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on 8 January 1815, and before she could return to fulfil her engagement with
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615:(36 guns), operating mainly off the French and Spanish Mediterranean coast.
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1121:, Ireland when urgent orders came from the Admiralty to proceed at once to
587:, during which he saved his cousin Charles's life and was himself wounded.
1608:, was promoted to rear-admiral and was made second-in-command to Dundas.)
1503:, though impressive on paper, was radically unsuited to operations in the
1290:. In January 1841, Napier carried out a special mission to Alexandria and
1184:, Napier was instructed to lead the land force, and effected a landing at
747:. The British fought back strongly with cannon and rockets. (Watching the
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by a British Army accompanied by 16 warships, 12–14 September 1814, under
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but more or less throughout what in the 20th century would be called the
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2102:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 169.
1193:, the Egyptian army's southern base, which capitulated on 28 September.
950:, which were the only part of Portuguese territory still held for Queen
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At the beginning of 1829 he was appointed to command the 42-gun frigate
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and briefly given the command of the captured 74-gun ship-of-the-line.
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Charles John Napier (1851). Sir William Francis Patrick Napier (ed.).
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Admiral Charles Napier painted by Charles Baugniet, private collection
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Napier's force, which was augmented in June by a French fleet sent by
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at a by-election on 7 August 1850. On 28 May 1853 he was promoted to
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He next distinguished himself in the following attack on the city of
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1391:. Portugal was in the closing stages of its 'little' civil war, the
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Send a Gunboat!: The Victorian Navy and Supremacy at Sea, 1854–1904
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downstream. During this withdrawal Napier was wounded in the neck.
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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An account of the war in Portugal between Don Pedro and Don Miguel
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on 9 November. in May 1847 he was appointed to the command of the
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on 5 July 1833. These two strokes enabled the Liberals to capture
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so well that the British were able to capture the French flagship
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Black Charlie, a life of Admiral Sir Charles Napier KCB 1787–1860
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The Life and Correspondence of Admiral Sir Charles Napier, K.C.B.
2027:(revised ed.). London: Conway (published 2007). p. 29.
2140:
Russian War, 1854, Baltic and Black Sea, Official Correspondence
1939:
Russian War, 1854, Baltic and Black Sea, Official Correspondence
821:
1984:(2 ed.). london: Routledge (published 2016). p. 210.
1981:
The Crimean War: British Grand Strategy against Russia, 1853–56
996:
With the fleet Napier then transported the Liberal army to the
418:. After this, in November 1802, he transferred to the frigate
18:
2436:
Royal Navy personnel of the Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841)
2146:
and Captain A. C. Dewar (London: Navy Records Society, 1943)
1712:
The Navy, its past and present state: in a series of letters
970:
was paid off, he accepted their proposals in February 1833.
1317:(1838): votes for working men, protected by secret ballot.
518:(18 guns), in which his thigh was smashed by a cannonball.
2157:
1349:
launched in May 1846. In the same year he was promoted
639:
campaign, he took part in the August expedition up the
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1246:
congratulated Napier. (Muhammad Ali's last heir, King
1092:
in the Liberal cause. In 1838 received command of the
531:
the pursuit of three escaping French ships of the line
521:
In April 1809, Napier took part in the capture of the
1903:
Edward Elers Napier (1862) Volume 1 pp. 363–367, 372.
1480:, his subordinate commanders being the rear-admirals
1218:
of St Jean D'Acre, by Admiral Napier, 3 November 1840
695:, protecting the city on the Northwest Branch of the
631:
was still in progress, now commanded by Vice Admiral
501:. In August 1808 he became captain of the brig-sloop
357:, and a period commanding the Portuguese navy in the
2386:
Knights Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa
985:, ex-Emperor of Brazil, and the Liberal forces were
954:
against the usurpation of her uncle, the absolutist
116:
Portrait of Admiral Sir Charles Napier, c. 1834
2366:
People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh
1639:Just before his death Napier had hoped to persuade
1313:to form a committee to consider the demands of the
303:
277:
251:
241:
233:
202:
167:
150:
130:
85:
2200:contributions in Parliament by Charles John Napier
1125:. He was also informed that the ships-of-the-line
836:to guard against the French advance into Belgium.
2396:Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
2062:pp. 455/6: London; Chapman & Hall, Ltd; 1909.
590:In 1811, he was appointed captain of the frigate
2128:(Norwich: Michael Russell Publishing Ltd, 1995)
2451:British naval commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
1208:, which Stopford was instructed to recapture.
333:(6 March 1786 – 6 November 1860) was a British
2391:Recipients of the Order of the Tower and Sword
2356:Military personnel from Falkirk (council area)
1912:Edward Elers Napier (1862), Volume II, p. 111.
1404:had ever operated before, when it was sent to
1058:houses of the restored Portuguese parliament.
560:. While on half-pay he spent some time at the
508:(18 guns), and in her fought a hot action off
1928:. London: Constable and Company. p. 193.
908:on the Thames. After trials in May 1822, the
8:
529:, and subsequently distinguished himself in
1250:, ruled Egypt until 23 July 1952, when the
727:along the southern opposite shore (today's
2346:Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
2214:
1723:The history of the Baltic campaign of 1854
1020:, who disliked both Napier and Dom Pedro.
110:
82:
1262:staged a military coup that launched the
455:on 30 November 1805. He was appointed to
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
1842:
1446:
1320:In November, 1841, Napier was appointed
844:At the end of the war Napier was made a
376:French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
32:This article includes a list of general
2381:Royal Navy personnel of the Crimean War
2021:; Major, John (1967). "Crimean Debut".
1813:
1752:
2441:Military personnel of the Liberal Wars
1744:and dedicated it to Commodore Napier.
1501:Alexandre Ferdinand Parseval-Deschenes
1328:. He subsequently wrote and published
1046:and in 1836 defended his prize in the
663:, he was second in command to Captain
543:. As a result, he was promoted acting
2371:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
2210:Black Charlie on www.catherington.net
1516:. During the campaign the first ever
1467:, Napier received the command of the
973:Sailing to Portugal with his stepson
735:areas of southern Baltimore City and
7:
2058:"Memorials of St Paul's Cathedral"
1881:State Trials (New Series) III, 621.
691:was involved in the bombardment of
619:American War and the "Hundred Days"
1951:A Brief History of the Crimean War
1673:There is a memorial to him within
1443:Baltic Campaign of the Crimean War
1029:Count of the Cape of Saint Vincent
759:, who had been attempting to free
428:. The following year, he moved to
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2150:O'Byrne, William Richard (1849).
1378:July–August 1847 general election
1284:Order of Maria Theresa of Austria
1078:An Account of the War in Portugal
1038:On 12 September 1833 he captured
824:and brief return to power, (the '
785:, which had been lying in on the
2219:Parliament of the United Kingdom
2076:
1780:Roads in November of that year.
1742:The Retreat from St. Jean d'Acre
1072:Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841)
1025:Commander of the Tower and Sword
494:of 16 guns, formerly the French
401:in 1799 aboard the 16-gun sloop
221:
209:
186:
173:
23:
2205:Vice Admiral Sir Charles Napier
2160:A Naval Biographical Dictionary
2110:. London: Hurst and Blackett. (
1715:. John & Daniel A. Darling.
1016:accolades greatly annoyed King
912:crossed the English Channel to
295:Military Order of Maria Theresa
1704:. Vol. 1. John W. Parker.
451:off Boulogne. He was promoted
393:can be seen in the background.
124:Museu Nacional Soares dos Reis
16:Royal Navy admiral (1786–1860)
1:
1860:. Baldwin. 1823. p. 161.
1280:Order of St. George of Russia
1266:and forced him to abdicate.)
981:, where Queen Maria's father
1720:Charles John Napier (1857).
1698:Charles John Napier (1842).
1687:Charles John Napier (1836).
1270:Parliament and Channel Fleet
597:(32 guns) and served in the
290:Order of the Tower and Sword
1565:First Lord of the Admiralty
1366:William Makepeace Thackeray
1264:Egyptian Revolution of 1952
1240:First Lord of the Admiralty
1105:When troubles broke out in
942:At the start of Portugal's
2467:
1925:A History of Chartism, III
1368:'s famous humorous ballad
1189:attack by land and sea on
1152:In the summer of 1840 the
1069:
946:in 1832 Napier was at the
929:Sir Charles Napier (1854).
579:, the future conqueror of
575:army, and one of whom was
2320:
2288:
2276:
2262:
2236:
2224:
2217:
1978:(2011). "13: Bomarsund".
1957:(London: Robinson, 2006.
1006:Battle of Cape St Vincent
337:whose sixty years in the
109:
1488:, third in command, and
1351:rear-admiral of the Blue
1311:William Sharman Crawford
1076:Though he published his
766:The Star-Spangled Banner
341:included service in the
2185:Works by Charles Napier
2153:"Napier, Charles"
2099:Encyclopædia Britannica
1892:Life and Correspondence
1822:Life and Correspondence
1653:Encyclopædia Britannica
1594:Richard Saunders Dundas
1463:On the outbreak of the
1357:, hoisting his flag in
1145:entered the harbour of
583:). He took part in the
562:University of Edinburgh
321:Sir Charles John Napier
310:University of Edinburgh
53:more precise citations.
2284:Sir William Molesworth
2270:Sir Benjamin Hall, Bt.
2258:Sir Benjamin Hall, Bt.
2232:Sir Benjamin Hall, Bt.
2106:Napier, Elers (1862).
1583:
1549:(often quoted as the "
1520:was won by midshipman
1490:James Hanway Plumridge
1460:
1252:Free Officers Movement
1219:
930:
751:from a safe distance,
665:James Alexander Gordon
633:Sir Alexander Cochrane
512:with the French sloop
394:
1955:Alexis S. Troubetzkoy
1922:West, Julius (1920).
1890:Edward Elers Napier,
1820:Edward Elers Napier,
1581:
1484:, second in command,
1450:
1307:1841 general election
1214:
1070:Further information:
1048:Court of Common Pleas
1040:The Lord of the Isles
991:George Rose Sartorius
928:
846:Companion of the Bath
803:Battle of New Orleans
713:Battle of North Point
653:Battle of Bladensburg
649:Burning of Washington
533:, handling the small
383:
234:Years of service
2446:Burials in Hampshire
2291:Member of Parliament
2239:Member of Parliament
1693:. T. & W. Boone.
1606:Captain of the Fleet
1510:Russian Baltic Fleet
1288:Red Eagle of Prussia
1117:was anchored in the
975:Charles Elers Napier
952:Maria II of Portugal
850:Charles Elers Napier
777:Halifax, Nova Scotia
577:Charles James Napier
366:Member of Parliament
268:Egyptian-Ottoman War
2431:People from Falkirk
2376:Royal Navy admirals
2328:Austen Henry Layard
2228:The Lord Teignmouth
2094:Napier, Sir Charles
1675:St Paul's Cathedral
1662:(about 200lbs/90kg)
1618:Bartholomew Sulivan
1553:of the north") and
1522:Charles Davis Lucas
1334:Freedom of the City
1033:Peerage of Portugal
966:in June 1832 after
840:Marriage and family
737:Anne Arundel County
661:Sir George Cockburn
599:Mediterranean Fleet
416:John Borlase Warren
194:Kingdom of Portugal
2266:Lord Dudley Stuart
2144:David Bonner-Smith
2004:Duke of Wellington
1641:Giuseppe Garibaldi
1584:
1477:Duke of Wellington
1461:
1389:Western Approaches
1322:Naval Aide-de-Camp
1260:Gamal Abdel Nasser
1220:
1202:Battle of Boharsef
931:
894:Horseley Ironworks
809:news of the peace
414:, flagship of Sir
395:
2406:Scottish admirals
2334:
2333:
2321:Succeeded by
2263:Succeeded by
2189:Project Gutenberg
2122:Napier, Priscilla
1894:, vol. I, p. 312.
1726:. Richard Bently.
1651:According to the
1532:Henry Byam Martin
1499:and commanded by
1486:Henry Ducie Chads
1482:Armar Lowry Corry
1429:Lord John Russell
1414:Muley Abderrahman
813:reached the USA.
757:Francis Scott Key
707:under Brig. Gen.
681:Admirals Cochrane
659:and Rear Admiral
603:Sir Edward Pellew
444:before moving to
315:
314:
285:Order of the Bath
198:
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71:
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2426:UK MPs 1859–1865
2421:UK MPs 1857–1859
2416:UK MPs 1852–1857
2411:UK MPs 1841–1847
2277:Preceded by
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1569:Sir James Graham
1473:ship of the line
1315:People's Charter
1172:and called upon
1094:ship of the line
1086:Order in Council
960:Duke of Terceira
888:was named after
789:harbor near the
755:lawyer and poet
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775:proceeded to
774:
770:
768:
767:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
717:Arthur Brooke
714:
710:
709:John Stricker
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673:
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641:Potomac River
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629:United States
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426:William Hoste
423:
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382:
375:
373:
371:
370:Victorian Era
367:
364:
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348:
344:
340:
336:
335:naval officer
331:
326:
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311:
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296:
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264:Miguelite War
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52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2308:
2289:
2256:
2237:
2193:
2169:– via
2159:
2139:
2125:
2107:
2097:
2060:Sinclair, W.
2054:
2045:
2038:. Retrieved
2023:
2013:
2003:
2002:
1995:. Retrieved
1980:
1970:
1950:
1946:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1917:
1908:
1899:
1891:
1886:
1877:
1866:
1856:
1850:
1821:
1816:
1799:Liberal Wars
1793:
1785:
1781:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1755:
1735:
1722:
1711:
1700:
1689:
1672:
1661:
1652:
1650:
1638:
1634:Catherington
1622:
1610:
1590:
1573:
1558:
1536:
1526:
1497:Napoleon III
1494:
1476:
1469:Baltic Fleet
1462:
1437:vice-admiral
1425:James Dundas
1420:
1418:
1397:Great Famine
1382:
1369:
1360:
1345:
1342:
1330:War in Syria
1329:
1319:
1296:
1273:
1232:
1225:
1221:
1195:
1151:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1127:
1119:Cove of Cork
1114:
1111:Muhammad Ali
1104:
1098:
1077:
1075:
1060:
1052:
1044:Sao Martinho
1039:
1037:
1022:
1014:
995:
972:
967:
944:Liberal Wars
941:
935:
932:
909:
883:
867:
843:
829:
826:Hundred Days
815:
806:
798:
781:
772:
771:
764:
693:Fort McHenry
688:
674:
622:
611:
593:
589:
573:Wellington's
566:
556:escorting a
552:
549:
545:post captain
539:
534:
520:
514:
504:
498:
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484:
473:
467:
457:
447:
440:
430:
420:
410:
404:
397:He became a
396:
389:
384:
359:Liberal Wars
320:
316:
252:Battles/wars
156:(1860-11-06)
141:6 March 1786
120:John Simpson
80:
65:
59:January 2022
56:
37:
2401:Clan Napier
2361:1860 deaths
2351:1786 births
2198:1803–2005:
2167:John Murray
1604:, Napier's
1465:Crimean War
1455:during the
1216:Bombardment
1147:La Valletta
1102:(84 guns).
1042:steamer at
910:Aaron Manby
906:Rotherhithe
885:Aaron Manby
858:Lake Geneva
657:Robert Ross
625:War of 1812
571:serving in
479:West Indies
474:Belle Poule
355:Crimean War
343:War of 1812
272:Crimean War
260:War of 1812
197:(1833–1839)
51:introducing
2340:Categories
2324:John Locke
2317:from 1857
2315:John Locke
2243:Marylebone
2171:Wikisource
2142:edited by
1965:), p. 223.
1808:References
1658:Syrian War
1587:Retirement
1505:Baltic Sea
1374:Marylebone
1361:St Vincent
1303:Marylebone
1286:; and the
1236:Lord Minto
1228:Alexandria
1134:Implacable
1066:Syrian War
1018:William IV
964:Portsmouth
956:Dom Miguel
890:the master
871:press gang
791:U.S. Naval
753:Georgetown
645:Alexandria
540:D'Hautpoul
527:Martinique
525:island of
499:Austerlitz
453:lieutenant
431:Égyptienne
399:midshipman
390:D'Hautpoul
351:Syrian War
339:Royal Navy
305:Alma mater
217:Royal Navy
168:Allegiance
146:, Scotland
137:1786-03-06
34:references
2295:Southwark
1647:Character
1626:Southwark
1560:The Times
1555:Kronstadt
1551:Gibraltar
1539:Bomarsund
1457:Ă…land War
1453:Bomarsund
1421:The Times
1406:Gibraltar
1338:Edinburgh
1166:commodore
1090:Greenwich
1082:Navy List
1002:Miguelite
983:Dom Pedro
741:Covington
733:Fairfield
677:Baltimore
635:. In the
627:with the
592:HMS
523:Caribbean
515:Diligente
503:HMS
496:privateer
485:St George
483:HMS
458:Courageux
446:HMS
421:Greyhound
403:HMS
237:1799–1853
163:, England
161:Hampshire
2040:24 March
1997:24 March
1669:Memorial
1613:suborned
1547:Sveaborg
1393:Patuleia
1276:knighted
1198:Boharsef
1186:D'jounie
1154:Maronite
1143:Powerful
1139:Powerful
1115:Powerful
1099:Powerful
921:Portugal
914:Le Havre
875:flogging
830:Euryalus
818:Napoleon
799:Euryalus
793:base at
773:Euryalus
729:Brooklyn
689:Euryalus
685:Cockburn
651:and the
612:Euryalus
569:colonels
448:Renommée
441:Mediator
353:and the
203:Service/
2312:to 1857
2195:Hansard
2087::
1433:Lambeth
1410:Morocco
1376:in the
1305:at the
1301:MP for
1158:Lebanon
1031:in the
998:Algarve
968:Galatea
936:Galatea
892:of the
873:and of
834:Scheldt
795:Norfolk
745:Babcock
711:at the
535:Recruit
510:Antigua
505:Recruit
491:Pultusk
468:Marengo
363:Liberal
318:Admiral
246:Admiral
144:Falkirk
47:improve
2307:With:
2255:With:
2162:
2132:
2116:Vol. 2
2112:Vol. 1
2081:
2031:
1988:
1961:
1786:Renown
1782:Martin
1774:Martin
1770:Martin
1740:wrote
1596:, the
1282:; the
1254:under
1248:Farouk
1238:, the
1170:Beirut
1128:Ganges
1084:by an
1027:, and
1010:Lisbon
948:Azores
898:Tipton
749:battle
687:. HMS
683:, and
601:under
594:Thames
558:convoy
463:Warren
411:Renown
405:Martin
345:, the
278:Awards
214:
205:branch
191:
178:
36:, but
1778:Leith
1776:from
1748:Notes
1681:Works
1543:Ă…land
1527:Hecla
1401:screw
1346:Sidon
1292:Cairo
1191:Sidon
1123:Malta
1107:Syria
1055:Minho
979:Porto
880:Seine
816:With
725:river
607:Ponza
581:Sindh
553:Jason
2304:1860
2300:1855
2293:for
2252:1847
2248:1841
2241:for
2130:ISBN
2042:2019
2029:ISBN
1999:2019
1986:ISBN
1959:ISBN
1359:HMS
1258:and
1206:Acre
1131:and
1109:and
1097:HMS
828:'),
822:Elba
743:and
731:and
701:Ross
330:GOTE
242:Rank
151:Died
131:Born
102:GOTE
2187:at
2096:".
1953:by
1541:on
1336:of
1324:to
643:to
481:in
325:KCB
118:by
97:KCB
87:Sir
2342::
2302:–
2250:–
2165:.
2156:.
2124:,
2114:/
2044:.
2001:.
1829:^
1677:.
1567:,
1534:.
1412:,
1380:.
1340:.
1050:.
1035:.
993:.
900:,
896:,
564:.
372:.
349:,
122:,
2173:.
2118:)
1845:.
1801:.
1788:.
139:)
135:(
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
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