296:, painted a less flattering portrait. This should be treated with some caution as he was only sixteen when Saint-Ruhe died, though he did apparently meet him. He described him as a "gentleman in a small way", tall and well built but exceptionally ugly; a gallant soldier but notorious for domestic cruelty. According to Saint-Simon, Saint-Ruhe's treatment of his wife became so brutal that she eventually asked the King to intervene. Louis treated her with great sympathy and ordered her husband to stop, but when the ill-treatment continued the King began sending him on unnecessary missions to free his wife of his company.
402:
108:
452:
379:, Louis sent Saint-Ruhe to replace James's illegitimate son Berwick as commander of the Irish Army. The decision was made in January although the Irish were not informed until April. Saint-Ruhe had secret instructions to assess the situation and help Louis make a decision on whether to send further military aid. With a temporary general's commission and accompanied by lieutenant-generals
305:
740:: "Saint-Ruth était un fort simple gentilhomme fort pauvre, grand, bien fait, et que tout le monde a connu, extremement lait, je ne sais s'il l'était devenu depuis son mariage. C'était un fort brave homme, qui acquit de la capacité à la guerre, et parvint avec distinction à devenir lieutenant des gardes-du-corps, et lieutenant-général. Il était aussi fort brutal ..."
390:. Ginkel was aware of the poor military situation facing William in the Netherlands; seeking a quick end to the war he had obtained William's permission to offer the Jacobites moderate terms of surrender. However, by late spring 1691, Ginkel was concerned that a French convoy could land further reinforcements at
413:
towards the
Jacobite garrison at Athlone. Saint-Ruhe had been unsure where Ginkel would attempt to cross the Shannon, but by 19 June he realised Athlone was the target and began concentrating his troops west of the town. Ginkel breached the Jacobite lines of defence and took Athlone on 30 June after
479:
on the early morning of 12 July 1691. Saint-Ruhe had chosen an extremely strong defensive position, his infantry occupying the slopes of a ridge known as
Kilcommadan Hill, with its flanks protected by marshy ground. He left the Jacobite camp "standing with all their baggage not excepting his own";
463:
Saint-Ruhe and
Tyrconnell initially planned to fall back on Limerick and force Ginkel into another year of campaigning. Saint-Ruhe issued an order to disperse to Galway and Limerick and sent several of his subordinate commanders, including d'Usson, onward. However, as deserters began to rejoin the
491:
The
Jacobites repulsed Ginkel's attacks for several hours, while counter-attacks caused heavy losses in the Williamite army. Saint-Ruhe is reputed to have been confident of victory and organising a further attack when, at around eight o'clock, he was decapitated by a
464:
army at
Ballinasloe, Saint-Ruhe revised his strategy. Wishing to redeem his humiliation at Athlone, he appears to have instead decided to force a decisive battle. He reinforced the morale of the rank and file by stressing that the conflict was a defense of the
705:
Memoirs of the Most
Remarkable Military Transactions from the Year 1683 to 1718: Containing a More Particular Account, Than Any Ever Yet Published, of the Several Battles, Sieges, &c. in Ireland and Flanders, During the Reigns of K. William and Q.
515:; a well-known story is that a local sheep farmer and one of his shepherds, angry at having their flock taken by Jacobite soldiers, gave an artillery officer called Trench information enabling them to target the Jacobite general.
425:
issued a proclamation offering generous terms for
Jacobites who surrendered, including a free pardon, restoration of forfeited estates, and the offer of similar or higher rank and pay if they wished to join William's army.
997:
503:, where it was later interred privately at night at the Carmelite Abbey cemetery. Other accounts suggested that he was buried at Kilcommadan or that his remains were thrown into a bog or left on the field.
522:
grew, afterwards named "St Ruth's Bush"; a light was said to have been seen dancing around it at night, while visitors took away twigs from it as souvenirs. The site is still marked by a plaque near the
273:. Marie, born in 1622, was many years older and the marriage was childless; she lived until 1710. Although he is not known to have had any legitimate direct descendants, the Rev. Alexander Franklin of
394:
or
Limerick, and began planning to enter the field as quickly as possible. During May, both sides began assembling their forces for a summer campaign, the Jacobites at Limerick and the Williamites at
609:
543:
Erroneously spelt "Chalmont" and "Saint Ruth" in most
English language sources. His own signature uses the form "Chalmot de Saint-Ruhe": "St Ruth" seems to have been taken from the writing of
380:
1007:
254:
in the 15th century, often serving as local administrators; many were
Protestants, including at least one Protestant minister. Several members left France following the 1685
496:. The loss of Saint-Ruhe was among several factors that precipitated a collapse in the Jacobite army; the battle ended in a rout, with several thousand Jacobites dead.
992:
480:
Parker noted this obliged the Jacobite army to fight and suggested Saint-Ruhe's "resolution to conquer or die". Both armies began a preparatory cannonade at about 2
357:, among other engagements. His association with the Irish conflict began while still in France, when he received the command of a brigade of Irish troops under
288:
Robert Parker, who fought against the Jacobites at Aughrim, described Saint-Ruhe as "a gallant, brave man, and a good officer". The soldier and diplomat
350:, in which dragoons were quartered on Protestant households to try and force their conversion. By 1688, he had been promoted to lieutenant-general.
387:
376:
262:
of Saint-Ruhe appear to have been descended from Philippe Chalmot, seigneur de la Briaudière and alderman of Niort in the early 17th century.
358:
958:
289:
383:
and d'Usson, Saint-Ruhe arrived at Limerick on 9 May 1691, bringing sufficient arms, corn and meal to sustain the army until the autumn.
440:
Unaware of the location of Saint-Ruhe's main army and assuming he was outnumbered, on 10 July Ginkel began a cautious advance through
527:. "St Ruth's Flag" was an irregular black stone in the old graveyard of Kilcommadan, reputed to have marked the place of his burial.
255:
207:
223:
337:
982:
421:
Athlone was seen as a significant victory and likely to provoke the collapse of the Jacobite army. The Lords Justice in
274:
863:
472:
and by "creating a personality cult around himself with bloodthirsty promises of what the army would do to its foes".
410:
418:; Saint-Ruhe was unable to relieve the town and fell back to the west, his army depleted by large-scale desertions.
465:
499:
According to the Jacobite author Nicholas Plunkett, Saint-Ruhe's body was carried off and brought to the town of
370:
1002:
484:
p.m.; Ginkel ordered probing attacks on the Jacobite lines followed by a large-scale infantry assault under
326:
476:
278:
74:
595:
485:
469:
353:
In 1690, Chalmot was with the army besieging the town of Annecy and played a part in the victory at the
987:
401:
354:
330:, the king's household cavalry. He was recorded as holding the rank of captain of cavalry in 1670,
266:
203:
148:
320:
families into conversion; Saint-Ruhe was said to have been responsible for several such campaigns
235:
191:
82:
451:
231:
265:
Little else is known of Saint-Ruhe's background or family. He married Marie de Cossé, widow of
183:(c. 1650 – 12 July 1691) was a French cavalry officer, serving in the armies of
524:
435:
282:
277:, claimed to have met a great-grandson of Saint-Ruhe serving in the Fitzjames regiment of the
211:
156:
113:
737:
415:
239:
160:
152:
661:
Dictionnaire des Familles Francaises Anciennes ou Notables a la fin de XIXe siecle: Cas-Cha
519:
247:
344:. A Catholic unlike many of his family, he is supposed to have taken part in Louis XIV's
911:
332:
243:
227:
195:
60:
976:
544:
512:
386:
William's forces in Ireland were by this stage led by his subordinate, Dutch officer
270:
78:
962:
585:
A Jacobite narrative of the war in Ireland (A light to the blind; Pluncket memoirs)
902:
O'Callaghan (ed.) Macariae Excidium, Dublin: Irish Archaeological Society, p. 453
584:
190:
Despite a long career, Saint-Ruhe is remembered largely for his brief service in
441:
346:
17:
199:
923:
625:
611:
258:, including one, Jacques de Chalmot, who entered Dutch military service. The
493:
395:
304:
184:
500:
456:
317:
259:
93:
778:
341:
313:
361:, originally sent to France in 1689 in exchange for French personnel.
445:
422:
391:
56:
450:
400:
303:
251:
511:
The death of Saint-Ruhe gave rise to a great deal of folklore in
998:
Jacobite military personnel of the Williamite War in Ireland
308:
19th-century copy of a 1686 caricature depicting the French
214:, a defeat that led to the collapse of the Jacobite cause.
324:
Charles Chalmot served as a lieutenant in the prestigious
914:, Irish Folklore Commission Collection, accessed 21-02-20
836:
834:
222:
Saint-Ruhe or Saint-Rhue was an estate in the parish of
964:
MĂ©moires complets et authentiques du duc de Saint-Simon
375:
In response to requests from James II and his viceroy
967:(in French), vol. 8, Paris: A Sautelet & Cie
475:
Ginkel found his way blocked by the Jacobite army at
405:
Godert de Ginkel, the Williamite commander at Aughrim
336:
in 1672, and brigadier in 1677. In 1686, he replaced
779:En Tarentaise Vanoise – Conseil Général de Savoiee
198:, in which France provided military support to the
170:
144:
136:
128:
120:
100:
88:
67:
49:
41:
34:
518:At the spot where Saint-Ruhe supposedly fell a
409:On 16 June, Ginkel's cavalry reconnoitred from
761:
759:
683:
681:
926:, Ordnance Survey Field Books, Galway Library
8:
951:Historical Memoirs of the Duc de Saint-Simon
864:Doherty, Richard. "The Battle of Aughrim",
733:
1008:French military personnel killed in action
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
699:
697:
31:
767:Patrick Sarsfield and the Williamite War
655:
653:
651:
459:, where Saint-Ruhe was supposedly buried
596:BBC NI – Learning – William and Ireland
566:
564:
560:
536:
993:17th-century French military personnel
890:
878:
840:
825:
813:
801:
789:
729:
717:
672:
250:class, first appeared in records from
959:Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, Louis de
7:
71:12 July 1691 (aged 40–41)
25:
574:, v. 19, Hachette et cie, p. 135
256:revocation of the Edict of Nantes
866:Early Modern History (1500–1700)
106:
953:, vol. II, Hamish Hamilton
868:, Issue 3 (Autumn 1995), Vol. 3
769:, Irish Academic Press, p. 198
942:The Williamite Wars in Ireland
206:. While in command of James's
1:
708:, Austen and Frederick, p. 36
663:, Charles Herrisey, pp. 228–9
246:. The Chalmot family, of the
181:Charles Chalmot de Saint-Ruhe
36:Charles Chalmot de Saint-Ruhe
226:corresponding to the modern
753:, Mercure de France, p. 387
751:Memoire de l'abbé de Choisy
749:Mongredien, Georges (1979)
687:O' Callaghan, J. C. (1844)
570:Lecestre, L. (ed.) (1921).
444:down the main Limerick and
27:17th-century French general
1024:
949:Norton, Lucy, ed. (1968),
466:Catholic Church in Ireland
433:
368:
371:Williamite War in Ireland
275:St. Mark's Church, Dublin
626:46.2125022°N 0.2789598°W
455:The Carmelite priory at
316:were used to intimidate
572:Memoires de Saint-Simon
281:around the time of the
210:, he was killed at the
631:46.2125022; -0.2789598
460:
406:
321:
940:Childs, John (2007),
691:, James Duffy, p. 220
659:Chaix d'Est-Ange, G.
470:religious persecution
454:
404:
307:
129:Years of service
45:Marquis de Saint Ruth
969:Describes year 1710.
983:17th-century births
675:, pp. 33, 513.
621: /
365:Campaign in Ireland
355:Battle of Staffarda
267:Charles de La Porte
149:Battle of Staffarda
461:
407:
322:
218:Origins and family
140:Lieutenant-General
703:Parker, R (1747)
525:Beara-Breifne Way
436:Battle of Aughrim
283:French Revolution
212:Battle of Aughrim
178:
177:
157:Battle of Aughrim
55:France, probably
16:(Redirected from
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388:Godert de Ginkel
340:as commander in
300:Career in France
240:Celles-sur-Belle
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153:Siege of Athlone
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32:
21:
18:Charles St. Ruth
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924:St Ruth's Flag
916:
904:
895:
893:, p. 332.
883:
881:, p. 331.
871:
845:
843:, p. 316.
830:
828:, p. 304.
818:
816:, p. 293.
806:
804:, p. 295.
794:
792:, p. 279.
782:
771:
755:
742:
732:, p. 34;
722:
710:
693:
689:The Green Book
677:
665:
647:
606:Sainte-Rue at
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559:
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434:Main article:
431:
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416:a bloody siege
369:Main article:
366:
363:
333:mestre de camp
327:Garde du Corps
301:
298:
248:minor nobility
219:
216:
196:Williamite War
176:
175:
174:Marie de Cossé
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132:c. 1670 – 1691
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720:, p. 33.
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545:Pierre Jurieu
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279:Irish Brigade
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271:La Meilleraye
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79:County Galway
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48:
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42:Other name(s)
40:
33:
30:
19:
963:
950:
944:, Bloomsbury
941:
934:Bibliography
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331:
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287:
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224:Saint-MĂ©dard
221:
189:
180:
179:
162:
145:Battles/wars
73:Attidermot,
29:
988:1691 deaths
891:Childs 2007
879:Childs 2007
841:Childs 2007
826:Childs 2007
814:Childs 2007
802:Childs 2007
790:Childs 2007
730:Norton 1968
718:Norton 1968
673:Norton 1968
629: /
507:In folklore
442:Ballinasloe
359:Mountcashel
347:dragonnades
312:, in which
310:dragonnades
290:Saint-Simon
244:Deux-Sèvres
194:during the
61:Deux-Sèvres
977:Categories
736:, p.
637:Sainte-Rue
635: (
613:46°12′45″N
555:References
520:whitethorn
377:Tyrconnell
232:Sainte-Rue
208:Irish Army
202:forces of
101:Allegiance
616:0°16′44″W
494:roundshot
411:Ballymore
396:Mullingar
338:Boufflers
292:, in his
269:, Duc de
260:seigneurs
185:Louis XIV
171:Spouse(s)
961:(1829),
501:Loughrea
468:against
457:Loughrea
381:de Tessé
318:Huguenot
314:dragoons
204:James II
200:Jacobite
94:Loughrea
59:(modern
912:Aughrim
477:Aughrim
430:Aughrim
342:Guyenne
294:Memoirs
236:commune
234:in the
192:Ireland
163:†
124:Cavalry
83:Ireland
75:Aughrim
53:c. 1650
513:Galway
486:Mackay
482:
448:road.
446:Galway
423:Dublin
392:Galway
228:hamlet
159:
121:Branch
114:France
111:
89:Buried
57:Poitou
583:e.g.
531:Notes
252:Niort
706:Anne
137:Rank
68:Died
50:Born
738:186
238:of
230:of
979::
848:^
833:^
758:^
696:^
680:^
650:^
563:^
488:.
398:.
285:.
242:,
187:.
155:;
151:;
81:,
77:,
639:)
547:.
63:)
20:)
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