29:
490:
414:
preservation of medieval ruins, he has been criticised for the extensive clearance of monastic sites which removed evidence of use and occupation after the medieval period. The clinical presentation of ruins set in lawns with herbaceous borders has also been criticised for removing natural context, and for eliminating the romanticism of overgrown, tumbledown, ivy-clad ruins.
243:
Peers preferred method was to turn a picturesque ruined building into an instructive archaeological site, keeping only those elements that would have been present in the medieval period. First, any necessary structural repairs had to be undertaken, but hidden from view. Undergrowth, ivy and later
413:
By the time of his death, Peers had set a standard for the excavation and public presentation of medieval military and monastic sites which endured for several decades. His work has been reassessed in more recent years. Although he is still praised for his contribution towards the protection and
267:
Rievaulx was taken into the guardianship of the
Ministry of Works in 1917. Tons of soil – in places up to 16 feet (4.9 m) deep – were removed using a temporary railway to reveal the medieval ground plan of the site; precariously overhanging masonry was stabilised; and unsteady piers were
248:. The works would be completed by making measured plans, taking photographs, and producing a guidebook, with simple labels distributed around the site. Some of the works authorised by Peers would be very extensive: tons of fallen masonry, earth and "accretions" were removed at
268:
reconstructed with reinforced concrete cores. Post-medieval farm buildings were removed. As Baines remarked in 1922: "in the twelve months which have transpired since the completion of the work, no trace of what has been undertaken is observable".
271:
The work was undertaken at a great pace. There were 89 properties in
Britain in state care in 1910; 22 were added in 1913, mostly ruined abbeys and castles; and 400 sites were preserved by Peers's death in 1952.
244:
additions – which he termed "accretions" – were ruthlessly removed. The site would then be fenced, and the ruins surrounded by lawns of mown grass, aided by the relatively recent availability of the mechanised
165:
in 1903, supervising the architects that described and drew plans of the buildings included in the volumes. Peers himself drew the plans and wrote the descriptions for a number of buildings, including
553:
402:
in
Oxfordshire in 1924, having inherited the property from Peers' father in 1921. Peers suffered from a long-term illness during the last seven years of his life, and died at a nursing home in
558:
339:
in 1901. He served as secretary of the society from 1908 until 1921, when he became its director; as president from 1929 and 1934; and he was awarded its gold medal in 1938. Peers became a
543:
355:
568:
260:
became associated with the antiseptic presentation of masonry ruins and foundation set in neatly mown lawns, an aesthetic which remains associated with many sites under the care of
194:
284:, which provided compensation for owners of buildings that were compulsorily purchased, required 3 months' notice of works to a scheduled ancient monument, and made scheduling a
573:
201:
and remove it piece by piece to the United States. Peers became Chief
Inspector of Ancient Monuments after the Act was passed. The 1913 Act consolidated the earlier Acts of
97:
232:, Peers developed a characteristic style of preservation of ruined medieval buildings. They steered a middle course between the minimal protective works espoused by the
292:
took up a suggestion from Peers so local councils could propose buildings for a preservation order (although the powers were only used 20 times between 1932 and 1947).
528:
228:
to take over nationally important monuments and maintain them at public expense. Peers made extensive use of these powers. Assisted by
Ministry of Works architect
523:
233:
190:
105:(22 September 1868 – 16 November 1952) was an English architect, archaeologist and preservationist. After a 10-year gap following the death of Lieutenant-General
101:
109:
in 1900, Peers became
England's second Inspector of Ancient Monuments from 1910 and was then the first Chief Inspector of Ancient Monuments from 1913 to 1933.
340:
89:
563:
296:
162:
538:
533:
548:
221:
to apply for permission before altering or demolishing them. However, churches in ecclesiastical use and private houses were still excluded.
472:
371:
210:
206:
202:
16:
This article is about the 19th/20th-century architect and preservationist. For the 17th/18th-century merchant and Lord Mayor of London, see
50:
383:
257:
398:
Peers married art historian
Gertrude Katherine Shepherd on 13 April 1899. They had three sons together. They moved to 18th century
434:
72:
336:
423:
Nicholas
Doggett, 'Peers, Sir Charles Reed (1868–1952)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
429:
363:
354:, became a governor of Charterhouse, and was an honorary fellow of King's College, Cambridge. He was a commissioner of the
93:
289:
130:
43:
37:
281:
218:
154:
54:
237:
441:
Approaches to the
Archaeological Heritage: A Comparative Study of World Cultural Resource Management Systems
214:
494:
399:
185:
in 1900, Peers was appointed as Pitt Rivers' successor as
Inspector of Ancient Monuments in 1910, in the
225:
145:
489:
518:
513:
320:
316:
182:
166:
106:
324:
122:
285:
198:
468:
407:
387:
351:
152:
in Egypt in 1896, and then returned to England to practise as an architect. He was editor of
446:
440:
375:
347:
304:
261:
236:, and the extensive restoration and reconstruction undertaken at French historical sites by
452:
Westminster Abbey Muniment Room, London - files about his work at the Abbey and elsewhere.
359:
186:
170:
367:
253:
507:
379:
308:
149:
133:
from 1887 to 1891, graduating in the second class and then continuing his studies in
17:
300:
249:
229:
498:
424:
447:
Politics and Preservation: A Policy History of the Built Heritage, 1882–1996
312:
245:
118:
465:
Surveyors of the Fabric of Westminster Abbey 1906–1973. Reports and letters
161:
After visiting Egypt again in 1902, he became architectural editor of the
403:
126:
382:
from 1933 to 1952. He was elected President of the first session of the
134:
121:
in Kent, the eldest son of an Anglican clergyman. He was educated at
197:, spurred by the possibility that American investors would dismantle
138:
181:
After a gap of 10 years following the death of Lieutenant General
144:
From 1893 to 1896 he worked as a pupil architect in the office of
323:, sat on the Oxford diocesan committee, and carried out work for
224:
The 1913 Act also permitted the Ancient Monuments Board to issue
22:
356:
Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England
311:
to prevent it slipping off its rocky crag. He was also
307:. He was architect-in-charge of the works to underpin
280:
Peers retired in 1933, soon after the enactment of the
195:
Ancient Monuments Consolidation and Amendment Act 1913
217:, and it was also the first to require the owners of
554:
Fellows of the Royal Institute of British Architects
435:
The birth of heritage and the fabrication of history
193:'s attempt to pass the legislation that became the
559:Presidents of the Society of Antiquaries of London
384:Congress of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences
544:Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London
410:, his ashes were interred in its Islip Chapel.
234:Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings
569:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
8:
341:Commander of the Order of the British Empire
574:Contributors to the Victoria County History
390:during its second session in Oslo in 1936.
163:Victoria History of the Counties of England
73:Learn how and when to remove this message
148:. He spent a season with archaeologist
36:This article includes a list of general
524:People educated at Charterhouse School
467:. Boydell & Brewer. p. 415.
372:Royal Institute of British Architects
370:in 1933. He was also a Fellow of the
358:from 1921 and became a Fellow of the
346:He received honorary doctorates from
7:
362:in 1926. He became a trustee of the
189:. Peers was a leading supporter of
529:Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
343:in 1924, and was knighted in 1931.
299:in 1935, and held similar posts at
564:Recipients of the Royal Gold Medal
437:, Gresham College, 22 October 2009
290:Town and Country Planning Act 1932
256:. Sites under the control of the
42:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
378:in 1933. He was Antiquary to the
539:English architectural historians
488:
27:
534:20th-century English architects
213:. The 1913 Act established an
549:Fellows of the British Academy
406:. After a funeral service at
366:in 1930, and a trustee of the
319:, an architectural advisor at
177:Inspector of Ancient Monuments
1:
335:Peers became a Fellow of the
297:surveyor to Westminster Abbey
388:Knight Commander of St Olav
219:scheduled ancient monuments
590:
449:, John Delafons p. 31
443:, Henry Cleere, p. 55
282:Ancient Monuments Act 1931
155:The Archaeological Journal
15:
131:King's College, Cambridge
264:nearly a century later.
430:NPG portrait by Bassano
215:Ancient Monuments Board
57:more precise citations.
425:accessed 19 March 2013
386:in 1932, and became a
337:Society of Antiquaries
86:Sir Charles Reed Peers
463:Reynolds, C. (2019).
238:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
146:Thomas Graham Jackson
321:Winchester Cathedral
317:Canterbury Cathedral
183:Augustus Pitt Rivers
167:Winchester Cathedral
150:George Somers Clarke
107:Augustus Pitt Rivers
400:Chiselhampton House
374:, and received its
325:New College, Oxford
226:preservation orders
158:from 1900 to 1903.
123:Charterhouse School
495:Charles Reed Peers
493:Works by or about
199:Tattershall Castle
117:Peers was born in
474:978-1-78327-420-8
408:Westminster Abbey
352:London University
258:Ministry of Works
83:
82:
75:
581:
492:
478:
348:Leeds University
305:Durham Cathedral
262:English Heritage
104:
78:
71:
67:
64:
58:
53:this article by
44:inline citations
31:
30:
23:
589:
588:
584:
583:
582:
580:
579:
578:
504:
503:
485:
475:
462:
459:
457:Further reading
420:
396:
360:British Academy
333:
278:
187:Office of Works
179:
171:St Albans Abbey
115:
88:
79:
68:
62:
59:
49:Please help to
48:
32:
28:
21:
12:
11:
5:
587:
585:
577:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
506:
505:
502:
501:
484:
483:External links
481:
480:
479:
473:
458:
455:
454:
453:
450:
444:
438:
432:
427:
419:
416:
395:
392:
368:British Museum
332:
329:
277:
274:
254:Rievaulx Abbey
178:
175:
114:
111:
81:
80:
35:
33:
26:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
586:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
511:
509:
500:
496:
491:
487:
486:
482:
476:
470:
466:
461:
460:
456:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
422:
421:
417:
415:
411:
409:
405:
401:
393:
391:
389:
385:
381:
380:Royal Academy
377:
373:
369:
365:
364:London Museum
361:
357:
353:
349:
344:
342:
338:
330:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
309:Durham Castle
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
275:
273:
269:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
176:
174:
172:
168:
164:
159:
157:
156:
151:
147:
142:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
112:
110:
108:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
77:
74:
66:
56:
52:
46:
45:
39:
34:
25:
24:
19:
18:Charles Peers
464:
412:
397:
394:Private life
345:
334:
301:York Minster
294:
279:
270:
266:
250:Byland Abbey
242:
230:Frank Baines
223:
180:
160:
153:
143:
125:and studied
116:
85:
84:
69:
60:
41:
519:1952 deaths
514:1868 births
286:Land Charge
191:Lord Curzon
55:introducing
508:Categories
499:Wikisource
418:References
376:gold medal
295:He became
276:Later life
113:Early life
38:references
313:Seneschal
246:lawnmower
119:Westerham
404:Coulsdon
127:classics
63:May 2015
331:Honours
288:. The
135:Dresden
51:improve
471:
139:Berlin
40:, but
100:
98:FRIBA
96:
92:
469:ISBN
350:and
303:and
252:and
211:1910
209:and
207:1900
203:1882
169:and
137:and
497:at
315:of
129:at
102:FSA
94:FBA
90:CBE
510::
327:.
240:.
205:,
173:.
141:.
477:.
76:)
70:(
65:)
61:(
47:.
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.