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as a separate sub-discipline. This book became the basis of the study of biological invasions. It was the first of its kind to warn about the harmful effects and damages invasive species can have on an ecosystem. The first part of the book focuses on the invader species and their mode of transport
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in 1913, where he outlines three main principles of ecology: (1) emphasis on the importance of studying the physiology of the organism, rather than the physiology of a specific organ; (2) evaluation of the "phenomena of behaviour and physiology" in relation to the natural environments; and (3)
437:, the connection between various parts of the ecosystem, and the concept of food pyramid and trophic levels. He also discussed how ecosystems are organized and ordered, in what later became the foundation of the ecosystem concept. Elton was the first to discuss the ecological significance of
268:, from which he graduated in zoology in 1922, with a first in his field research project and a third in the exams, and where he subsequently had his entire academic career. During his studies at Oxford he conceptualized his ideas about animal ecology, aiming was to turn
332:, where he outlines how the influence of overpopulation in humans has cascading effects on plant and animal life around the world. Elton later applied these ideas of fluctuation to animals. Victor Ernest Shelford wrote
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MacColl). He had an older brother, Geoffrey Elton, who died at 33, and to whom
Charles Elton in many of his writings attributes his interest in scientific natural history. Charles Elton married the English poet
456:'s earlier definition emphasising states of the environment suitable for the species. Others have argued there are more similarities than differences between the two versions of the
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in 1937, a first five-year marriage to Rose
Montague having ended in amicable divorce. Charles and Joy had two children, Catherine Ingrid Buffonge MBE and Robert Elton.
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to find efficient methods for controlling rats, mice and rabbits. After the Second World War, Elton started a 20-year survey of animals and their
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experience led to a consultancy with the Hudson's Bay
Company in 1926–1931, to study fluctuating populations of animal species of interest to the
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Elton, Charles (1938). "Notes on the
Ecological and Natural History of Pabbay, and Other Islands in the Sound of Harris, Outer Hebrides".
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In 1932, Elton established the Bureau of Animal
Population at Oxford, which became a centre for collecting data on fluctuations in animal
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was founded, with Elton as its first editor. In 1936, he was appointed reader in animal ecology at Oxford
University, and
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estate, covering those in meadows, woods and water. After his retirement, he did some studies in tropical
America.
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population cycles, and developed greater understanding of population fluctuations in Arctic vertebrates with the
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into the new environment. The second part of the book focuses on the struggle between invasive species and the
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in 1949. He was elected Fellow of the Royal
Society in 1953 and received the society's Darwin Medal in 1970.
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into the science of ecology by applying scientific methods to studying the lives of animals in their natural
484:, though some invaders enter habitats with no prior species filling their specific niche. The final part of
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379:
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625:
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978:
571:; Clarke, J. R. (1999). "Charles Sutherland Elton. 29 March 1900 – 1 May 1991: Elected F.R.S. 1953".
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1st ed., 1942. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Facsimile reprint, 1969, New York: Wheldon & Wesley Ltd.
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Southwood, Richard; Clarke, J. R. (1999). "Charles
Sutherland Elton. 29 March 1900 – 1 May 1991".
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and problems in management of nature reserves led him to be instrumental in establishing the
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relation of the ecology of plant life to that of animal life. In Gordon Hewitt's 1921 book
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deals with the issue of conservation and its importance to maintain species diversity.
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Chitty, Dennis; Elton, Charles (1937). "Canadian Arctic Wild Life
Enquiry, 1935–36".
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After the Second World War, Elton became much more concerned with the impact of
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in terms of feeding relationships. There he also introduced ideas such as the
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Elton's Ecologists: A History of the Bureau of Animal Population
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Elton's Ecologist: A history of the Bureau of Animal Population
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and animal ecologist. He is associated with the development of
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Fifty years of invasion ecology – the legacy of Charles Elton
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In later works on the niche theory, Elton's definition – the
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Voles, Mice and Lemmings: Problems in population dynamics
409:, outlining the principles behind ecological studies of
374:, the Bureau of Animal Population was entrusted by the
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populations. He spent many years on field research in
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In 1921, while still an undergraduate, Elton assisted
785:. Chicago, Il: The University of Chicago Press, 1913.
306:. He later made similar studies of British mouse and
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Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
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Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
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The Population Problem: a study in human evolution.
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830:, Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1989.
330:The Population Problem: A Study of Human Evolution
953:DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology
452:), has been viewed by some authors as opposed to
370:elected him a senior research fellow. During the
243:and the children's writer Letitia Maynard Elton (
869:The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants
529:The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants
486:The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants
473:The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants
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888:Charles Sutherland Elton – English Ecologist
211:(29 March 1900 – 1 May 1991) was an English
950:, Symposium 12–14 November 2008, hosted by
616:General Registry Office records 1928, 1937.
960:Works by or about Charles Sutherland Elton
339:The Conservation of the Wildlife of Canada
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27:English zoologist and ecologist, 1900–1991
1014:Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Oxford
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812:Chrono-Biographical Sketch: Charles Elton
132:Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement
956:, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
328:. In 1922 Alexander Carr-Saunders wrote
287:, where he made an ecological survey of
783:Animal Communities in Temperate America
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334:Animal Communities in Temperate America
316:Elton's early career was influenced by
276:and interactions with the environment.
994:Alumni of the University of Liverpool
405:In 1927, Elton published his classic
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542:The Pattern of Animal Communities
429:to represent the structure of an
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1009:20th-century British zoologists
605:The University of Chicago Press
260:Charles Elton was educated at
111:Rosé Montague (1928)(divorced)
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999:Alumni of New College, Oxford
845:Diversity & Distributions
839:M. A. Davis, K. Thompson and
376:Agricultural Research Council
1019:Fellows of the Royal Society
903:Diversity and Distributions
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989:Scientists from Manchester
909:(2): 161–439. March 2008.
395:Nature Conservancy Council
389:Elton's great interest in
724:Journal of Animal Ecology
363:Journal of Animal Ecology
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360:. In the same year, the
204:Charles Sutherland Elton
36:Charles Sutherland Elton
800:William Clowes and Sons
512:, 1946, London: Methuen
425:, and the concept of a
382:on Oxford University's
318:Alexander Carr-Saunders
223:, including studies of
587:10.1098/rsbm.1999.0010
510:The Ecology of Animals
421:, size of food items,
368:Corpus Christi College
322:Victor Ernest Shelford
764:A. M. Carr-Saunders,
401:Intellectual heritage
312:Wytham Woods, Oxford.
854:13 June 2021 at the
351:Hudson's Bay Company
341:, Elton noticed the
283:on an expedition to
74:1 May 1991 (aged 91)
828:Ecological Concepts
391:nature conservation
296:St. Kilda, Scotland
1024:Population ecology
1004:English ecologists
875:and Co. Ltd, 1958.
802:Ltd, 1968 reprint.
678:Journal of Ecology
427:pyramid of numbers
380:interrelationships
225:invasive organisms
188:William W. Murdoch
847:, 7:97–102, 2001
439:population cycles
266:Oxford University
262:Liverpool College
256:Professional life
250:Edith Joy Scovell
221:community ecology
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176:Doctoral students
170:Oxford University
149:Scientific career
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16:(Redirected from
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139:Darwin Medal
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984:1991 deaths
979:1900 births
841:J. P. Grime
798:. Britain:
649:: 131–146.
508:. 2nd ed.,
467:on natural
450:trophic web
419:food chains
358:populations
292:vertebrates
285:Spitsbergen
973:Categories
871:, London:
556:References
482:indigenous
469:ecosystems
435:food cycle
417:, such as
237:Manchester
217:population
102:food chain
63:Manchester
933:1472-4642
849:Full text
744:0021-8790
698:0022-0477
655:0080-4606
460:concept.
431:ecosystem
304:fur trade
213:zoologist
80:, England
65:, England
941:11883735
852:Archived
768:Oxford:
475:founded
274:habitats
962:at the
873:Methuen
772:, 1922.
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300:Arctic
298:. His
289:Arctic
155:Fields
142:(1970)
135:(1976)
128:(1967)
121:Awards
116:(1937)
78:Oxford
937:S2CID
748:JSTOR
702:JSTOR
659:JSTOR
458:niche
929:ISSN
752:1193
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502:ISBN
413:and
345:and
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308:vole
264:and
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