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636:. Buffon argued that Europe was superior to the Americas biologically, which was illustrated through the size of animals found there. Jefferson referenced the existence of these "mammoths" (which he believed still roamed northern regions of the continent) as evidence for a greater biodiversity in North America. Peale's display of these bones drew attention from Europe, as did his method of re-assembling large skeletal specimens in three dimensions.
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526:. In the Pennsylvania militia, Peale rose to the rank of captain by 1776, after participating in several battles. While in combat, he painted miniature portraits of various officers in the Continental Army. He produced enlarged versions of these in later years. After the Revolutionary War, he served in the Pennsylvania state assembly for a year, from 1779 to 1780, and then returned to painting full-time in Philadelphia.
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The museum contained a large variety of birds which Peale himself acquired, and in many instances mounted, having taught himself taxidermy. In 1792, Peale initiated a correspondence with Thomas Hall, of the
Finsbury Museum, City Road, Finsbury, London proposing to purchase British stuffed items for
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his museum. Eventually, an exchange system was established between the two, whereby Peale sent
American birds to Hall in exchange for an equal number of British birds. This arrangement continued until the end of the century. The Peale Museum was the first to display a
549:, and George Washington. In 1771, Washington sat for a portrait with Peale, and he later sat for six additional sittings. Using the seven portraits he painted of Washington, Peale produced close to 60 portraits of Washington. In January 2005, one of them, Peale's
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from its inventor John Isaac
Hawkins, about the same time as the purchase of one by Thomas Jefferson. Peale and Jefferson collaborated on refinements to this device, which enabled a copy of a handwritten letter to be produced simultaneously with the original.
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In 1762, Peale married Rachel Brewer (1744β1790), with whom he bore ten children, most of them named for Peale's favorite male and female artists. Several of his sons and daughters also pursued careers as painters, including:
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and cultivated extensive gardens there. After Hannah's death in 1821, Peale lived with his son Rubens and sold
Belfield in 1826. Peale died on February 22, 1827, and was buried at
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467:. He proved unsuccessful in saddle making as a career and then tried fixing clocks and working with metals, but both of these endeavors also failed. He then took up painting.
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Four years after his father's death in 1750, Peale, at age 13, became an apprentice to saddle maker Nathan Waters. When he reached maturity, Peale opened his own saddle shop.
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The museum eventually failed, in large part because Peale was unsuccessful at obtaining government funding. After his death, the museum was sold to, and split up by, showmen
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Peale's portraits of leading
American figures of the late 18th century are some of the most recognizable and prominent from that era. In 1784, he founded the
269:, participating in several military campaigns. In addition to his military service, Peale also served in the Pennsylvania State Assembly from 1779 to 1780.
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643:. This system drew a stark contrast between Peale's museum and his competitors who presented their artifacts as mysterious oddities of the natural world.
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510:, then the national capital, where he began painting portraits of notable Americans and visitors from overseas. His estate, now located at
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The museum underwent several moves during its existence. At various times it was located in several prominent buildings, including
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sold for $ 21.3 million (~$ 31.9 million in 2023), setting a record for the highest price paid for a North
American portrait.
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in 1784. It housed a diverse collection of botanical, biological, and archaeological specimens. In 1786, Peale was elected to the
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ULAN Full Record
Display for Charles Willson Peale. Getty Vocabulary Program, Getty Research Institute. Los Angeles, California.
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from
Philadelphia, who became his third wife. She helped to raise the younger children from his previous two marriages.
597:, and organized the first U.S. scientific expedition in 1801. These two major interests combined in his founding of the
238:(April 15, 1741 β February 22, 1827) was an American painter, soldier, scientist, inventor, politician, and naturalist.
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432:. He was the son of Charles Peale (1709β1750) and his wife Margaret Triggs (1709β1791). Peale had a younger brother,
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319:(1779) sold for $ 21.3 million in 2005, the most ever paid for a portrait in the United States. It is now housed at
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486:. Peale studied with West for three years beginning in 1767, afterward returning to North America and settling in
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Peale's portrait of his first wife Rachel, who died in 1795, weeping over their daughter
Margeret's death from
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1999:
The
Collected Papers Of Charles Willson Peale And His Family: A Guide and Index to the Microfiche Edition
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781:, was also trained in the arts while growing up in the Peale household and later became a professional
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Three of his sons, Rembrandt Peale, Raphaelle Peale, and Titian Ramsay Peale, became noted artists.
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722:(1786β1859), ornithologist. She married Coleman Sellers (1781β1834) in 1805. She was the mother of
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464:
276:, one of the first American museums. More than two centuries after Peale painted his 1779 portrait
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Elizabeth De Peyster Peale (1802β1857), who married William Augustus Patterson (1792β1833) in 1820
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Finding that he had a talent for painting, especially portraiture, Peale studied for a time under
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James Ferguson de Peyster (1794β1874), married (1) Susan Maria Clarkson (1800β1823), daughter of
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and friends eventually raised enough money for him to travel to England to take instruction from
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2352:(1696β1767), Treasurer of the Province of New York, married Margaret Van Cortlandt, daughter of
1699:"Illusion and Allusion: Charles Willson Peale's "Staircase Group" at the Columbianum Exhibition"
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1856:
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Jennifer Courtney & Courtney Sanford: "Marvelous To Behold" Classical Conversations (2018)
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After Rachel's death in 1790, Peale married Elizabeth de Peyster (1765β1804), a descendant of
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282:, the painting sold for $ 21.5 million, the highest price ever paid for an American portrait.
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Peale was a prolific artist. He completed portraits of scores of historic figures, including
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1987:"Apodemon Epos" Magazine of European Art Center (EUARCE) of Greece, 2st issue 1997 p. 3
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688:(1774β1825), who some consider to be the first professional American painter of still-life
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2057:
History of Peale at Belfield, now the grounds of La Salle University, Philadelphia, PA
816:, Peale had expertise not only in painting but also in many diverse fields, including
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Capt. Abraham de Peyster (1753β1798), married Catherine Livingston, granddaughter of
2010:
1967:
1610:"Vol. 38, No. 3, 1914 of The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography on JSTOR"
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1855:. Published for the Archives of American Art by the Smithsonian Institution Press.
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The display of the mammoth bones entered Peale into a long-standing debate between
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2477:(1666β1719), Mayor of New York City, married Anna Bancker, sister of Albany mayor
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740:, the next year. With his second wife, he had six additional children, including:
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848:. The drawing is now held with the Jefferson Papers in the Library of Congress.
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in Philadelphia, is now open to the public. Peale also recruited troops for the
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385:
Peale's portrait of his second wife Elizabeth DePeyster Peale (1765β1804) (1798)
1959:
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766:(1799β1885), explorer, ornithologist, scientific illustrator, and photographer
569:(1795), a double portrait of his sons Raphaelle and Titian, is painted in the
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2028:
Reynolda House Museum of American Art: Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Robinson, 1795
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in 1800, and his proposed usage is that employed today) that Peale found in
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From Slave Ship to Harvard: Yarrow Mamout and the History of an African ...
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375:
305:) with his daughter Angelica as he works on a portrait of his wife Rachel
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2387:(1867β1951), an architect, married Louisa Robb (1877β1960), daughter of
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990:
George Washington in uniform, as colonel of the First Virginia Regiment
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Portrait of John and Elizabeth Lloyd Cadwalader and their Daughter Anne
771:
614:
1946:
Penley Knipe (2002). "Paper Profiles: American Portrait Silhouettes".
2041:
Peale-Sellers Family Collection at the American Philosophical Society
2005:
Selected Papers of Charles Willson Peale and His Family Volumes 1-5:
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2071:
1714:
1889:: Silhouettes and African American Identity in the Early Republic"
1684:
Deceptions and Illusions: Five Centuries of Trompe l'Oeil Painting
1580:"Maryland Historical Markers: Birthplace of Charles Willson Peale"
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289:
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Mrs. Samuel Mifflin and Her Granddaughter Rebecca Mifflin Francis
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and the new national government led him to move from Maryland to
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that proved influential in organizing and paving the way for the
2097:
625:. Peale worked with his son to mount the skeleton for display.
579:. This painting is said to have fooled even George Washington.
1639:
American Portrait Miniatures in the Metropolitan Museum of Art
851:
Around 1804, Peale obtained the American patent rights to the
2565:
Elizabeth de Peyster, married New Jersey provincial Governor
2486:(1694β1783), married Anna Schuyler, daughter of Albany mayor
2456:
William Sheriff de Peyster, married Mary Roosevelt, niece of
2015:
Charles Willson Peale: Art and Selfhood in the Early Republic
702:. He founded the Gas Light Company of Baltimore in 1817, now
2053:
Overview of an archival collection on Charles Willson Peale.
518:, which ultimately joined with other militias to create the
2549:
Catharina de Peyster, married Hendrick Rutgers (1712β1779)
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Catherine de Peyster, married Philip Van Cortlandt, son of
2416:(1821β1907), military officer, married Estelle Livingston
2017:
Berkeley, California : University of California Press
2441:
Pierre Guillaume de Peyster (b. 1707), married Cornelia
865:
An Epistle to a Friend on the Means of Preserving Health
678:
Angelica Kauffman Peale (1775β1853), who was named for
2492:
Anna de Peyster (1723β1794), who married Albany mayor
744:
Charles Linnaeus Peale (1794β1832), who was named for
694:(1778β1860), portrait painter, inventor, businessman,
732:(1780β1798), ornithologist. He died at the age of 18.
792:, where he intended to retire. He named this estate
613:
skeleton (which in Peale's time were referred to as
490:. There, he taught painting to his younger brother,
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2158:
2131:
2046:
Portrait of General David Foreman, Berkshire Museum
1849:Karpel, Bernard; Art, Archives of American (1979).
253:, where he set up a painting studio and joined the
152:
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119:
96:
67:
34:
2656:Pennsylvania militiamen in the American Revolution
1948:Journal of the American Institute for Conservation
1400:The obverse and reverse of the 1794 to 1817 state
2555:(1745β1830), Revolutionary War hero, namesake of
2374:; married (2) Frances Goodhue Ashton (1805β1871)
1896:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
1798:Museum Masters: Their Museums and Their Influence
2081:Catherine "Kitty" Floyd, Bust Portrait Miniature
757:(1795β1870), who became the Chief Coiner at the
440:, who would go on to serve as a delegate to the
2641:Burials at St. Peter's churchyard, Philadelphia
2062:Union List of Artist Names, Getty Vocabularies.
1642:. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 34.
420:Gravestone of Peale and Elizabeth DePeyster at
2571:Maria de Peyster, married New York City Mayor
2646:Members of the American Philosophical Society
2298:
2109:
859:Peale wrote several books. Two of these were
716:(1784β1865), museum administrator and artist.
336:, an 1822 self-portrait now displayed at the
8:
2377:Susan Maria de Peyster (1823β1910), married
2192:Peale's Barber Farm Mastodon Exhumation Site
1550:Peale's Barber Farm Mastodon Exhumation Site
2428:(1846β1903), New York State Assembly member
436:(1749β1831), and was the brother-in-law of
2305:
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2283:
2116:
2102:
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617:bones; these common names were amended by
494:, who in time also became a noted artist.
42:
31:
2666:People from Queen Anne's County, Maryland
2500:Maria de Peyster, married Gerard Bancker
2085:Rare Book and Special Collection Division
2072:Rare Book and Special Collection Division
2003:Miller, Lillian B. (editor). 1983 - 2000
404:Plaque in front of Peale's gravestone in
2453:Pierre Guillaume de Peyster (1745β1807)
957:Nancy Hallam as Fidele in Shakespeare's
804:alongside his wife Elizabeth DePeyster.
639:The museum was among the first to adopt
565:One of his most celebrated paintings is
558:In 1794, Peale designed the first state
1571:
899:
770:In 1805, Peale married Hannah Moore, a
201: 1790; died 1804)
177: 1762; died 1790)
2068:James Madison, Bust Portrait Miniature
2511:William de Peyster, married Margaret
2450:(1736β1822), British military officer
2358:James Abraham de Peyster (1726β1799)
2171:Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
1883:DuBois Shaw, Gwendolyn (March 2005).
428:Peale was born on April 15, 1741, in
338:Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
7:
2506:(1740β1799), surveyor and politician
2332:(1657β1728), Mayor of New York City
1985:Charles Willson Peale, the patriarch
1750:Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia
1485:Exhuming the First American Mastodon
748:, the Swedish botanist and zoologist
706:(BGE), and was the father of artist
502:In 1775, Peale's enthusiasm for the
2037:from the Metropolitan Museum of Art
2034:Charles Willson Peale and His World
1801:. Rowman Altamira. pp. 43β72.
1590:from the original on April 12, 2018
1142:Baron Frederick William von Steuben
861:An Essay on Building Wooden Bridges
788:In 1810, Peale purchased a farm in
2616:19th-century American male artists
2611:18th-century American male artists
1887:Moses Williams, Cutter of Profiles
704:Baltimore Gas and Electric Company
393:One of Peale's polygraphs used by
124:Saint Peter's Episcopal Churchyard
25:
2367:Frederick de Peyster (1758β1834)
1828:Fordham Univ Press. p. 149.
1022:Henrietta Maria Bordley at age 10
682:, Peale's favorite female painter
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1024:(1773), Honolulu Academy of Arts
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902:
2422:(1841β1873), Union Army officer
1852:Arts in America: a bibliography
1586:. Maryland Historical Society.
575:style and appears today in the
222:
198:
174:
2621:19th-century American painters
2606:18th-century American painters
2520:Elizabeth de Peyster, married
1557:, grandson who was an inventor
652:American Philosophical Society
603:American Philosophical Society
593:Peale had a great interest in
245:, Peale moved from his native
1:
2661:People from colonial Maryland
2462:Cornelia de Peyster, married
2398:(1839β1905), lawyer, married
1795:Alexander, Edward P. (1995).
1746:"Peale's Philadelphia Museum"
1348:
1304:
1071:Mrs. James Smith and Grandson
840:patented the second official
650:and the original home of the
442:Congress of the Confederation
299:
49:
798:St. Peter's Episcopal Church
422:St. Peter's Episcopal Church
27:American painter (1741β1827)
2197:Charles Willson Peale House
2166:Peale's Philadelphia Museum
1822:Johnston, James H. (2012).
1301:Mrs. David Forman and Child
1159:Armand Tuffin de La RouΓ«rie
720:Sophonisba Angusciola Peale
589:Peale's Philadelphia Museum
321:Yale University Art Gallery
2697:
2636:American portrait painters
1960:10.1179/019713602806082575
586:
577:Philadelphia Museum of Art
259:American Revolutionary War
2420:John Watts de Peyster Jr.
2396:Frederic James de Peyster
1997:Miller, Lillian B. 1980.
1687:, National Gallery of Art
1636:, and Lori Zabar (2010).
1584:Maryland Historical Trust
1260:George Washington at the
941:Anne Catherine Hoof Green
459:, an organization of the
241:In 1775, inspired by the
57:National Portrait Gallery
41:
2379:Robert Edward Livingston
2148:The Artist in His Museum
333:The Artist in His Museum
2540:(1799β1885), naturalist
2484:Johannes de Peyster III
2464:Jacob R. Van Rensselaer
2337:Stephanus Van Cortlandt
2324:Johannes de Peyster Sr.
2272:Charles Coleman Sellers
2140:Washington at Princeton
1697:Bellion, Wendy (2003).
1670:"Charles Willson Peale"
891:was named in his honor.
552:Washington at Princeton
316:Washington at Princeton
279:Washington at Princeton
48:Peale's self-portrait,
2626:American male painters
2400:Augusta McEvers Morris
2313:de Peyster family tree
2051:The Winterthur Library
1634:Barratt, Carrie Rebora
1037:Miniature portrait of
764:Titian Ramsay Peale II
708:Rosalba Carriera Peale
455:In 1764, Peale joined
425:
413:
397:
386:
378:
367:
345:
323:
306:
261:, Peale served in the
2631:American slave owners
2524:(1741β1827), painter
2522:Charles Willson Peale
2414:John Watts de Peyster
2354:Jacobus Van Cortlandt
2125:Charles Willson Peale
2007:Yale University Press
1561:"The New Museum Idea"
1469:James Mitchell Varnum
889:Charles Willson Peale
730:Titian Ramsay Peale I
696:museum owner/operator
547:James Mitchell Varnum
476:John Singleton Copley
419:
403:
392:
384:
373:
351:
329:
312:
293:
236:Charles Willson Peale
36:Charles Willson Peale
2681:Trompe-l'Εil artists
2410:(1796β1882), lawyer
2342:Pierre Van Cortlandt
2254:George Escol Sellers
1775:search.amphilsoc.org
1771:"APS Member History"
1555:George Escol Sellers
1404:, designed by Peale.
1054:Locket Engraving of
516:Pennsylvania militia
263:Pennsylvania Militia
187:Elizabeth de Peyster
86:Province of Maryland
55:, now housed at the
18:Charles Wilson Peale
2517:William de Peyster
2475:Johannes de Peyster
2426:Johnston de Peyster
2408:Frederic de Peyster
2089:Library of Congress
2076:Library of Congress
2070:by Peale from the *
1902:(1). Archived from
1262:Battle of Princeton
1006:John Philip de Haas
738:Johannes de Peyster
599:Philadelphia Museum
583:Philadelphia Museum
567:The Staircase Group
512:La Salle University
504:American Revolution
498:American Revolution
488:Annapolis, Maryland
465:American Revolution
362:depicting his sons
354:The Staircase Group
274:Philadelphia Museum
243:American Revolution
2557:Rutgers University
2458:Nicholas Roosevelt
2389:James Hampden Robb
2385:Goodhue Livingston
2350:Abraham de Peyster
2330:Abraham de Peyster
2326:(c. 1600βc. 1685)
2260:Coleman Sellers II
2083:by Peale from the
1933:St. Peter's Church
838:John Isaac Hawkins
724:Coleman Sellers II
543:Alexander Hamilton
480:John Beale Bordley
426:
414:
398:
387:
379:
368:
366:and Titian Peale I
346:
324:
307:
2584:
2583:
2532:Philadelphia Mint
2363:Philip Livingston
2281:
2280:
1744:Diethorn, Karie.
1418:David Rittenhouse
1107:George Washington
1056:Martha Washington
1039:George Washington
910:Mrs. Mary Morris
871:Legacy and honors
759:Philadelphia Mint
680:Angelica Kauffman
648:Independence Hall
641:Linnaean taxonomy
531:Benjamin Franklin
524:George Washington
461:Thirteen Colonies
430:Chester, Maryland
410:Revolutionary War
313:Peale's portrait
233:
232:
100:February 22, 1827
16:(Redirected from
2688:
2488:Myndert Schuyler
2372:Matthew Clarkson
2307:
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2274:(great-grandson)
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1501:Meriwether Lewis
1496:
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1402:seal of Maryland
1397:
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1368:Thomas Jefferson
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1205:
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630:Thomas Jefferson
560:seal of Maryland
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438:Nathaniel Ramsey
395:Thomas Jefferson
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2448:Arent DePeyster
2314:
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2268:(granddaughter)
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2230:Rembrandt Peale
2224:Raphaelle Peale
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1344:Timothy Matlack
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810:
777:Peale's slave,
692:Rembrandt Peale
686:Raphaelle Peale
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634:Comte de Buffon
595:natural history
591:
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522:, commanded by
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457:Sons of Liberty
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2528:Franklin Peale
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2239:
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2022:External links
2020:
2019:
2018:
2011:Ward, David C.
2008:
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1973:
1954:(3): 203β223.
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1909:on May 1, 2015
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779:Moses Williams
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619:Georges Cuvier
587:Main article:
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2564:
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2553:Henry Rutgers
2551:
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257:. During the
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163:Rachel Brewer
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45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
2671:Peale family
2538:Titian Peale
2521:
2381:(1820β1889)
2248:Titian Peale
2236:Rubens Peale
2187:Peale Museum
2146:
2138:
2124:
2033:
2014:
2004:
1998:
1984:
1977:
1976:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1932:
1923:
1911:. Retrieved
1904:the original
1899:
1895:
1886:
1878:
1866:. Retrieved
1851:
1844:
1824:
1817:
1797:
1790:
1778:. Retrieved
1774:
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1753:. Retrieved
1749:
1739:
1709:(2): 19β39.
1706:
1703:American Art
1702:
1692:
1683:
1678:
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1629:
1617:. Retrieved
1613:
1604:
1592:. Retrieved
1583:
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1516:
1499:
1484:
1467:
1450:
1435:Joseph Brant
1433:
1416:
1383:
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1300:
1278:Washington,
1277:
1259:
1242:
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1208:
1191:
1174:
1157:
1140:
1125:John Laurens
1122:
1105:Portrait of
1104:
1089:
1073:(1776) (see
1070:
1036:
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989:
974:
956:
939:
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885:Liberty Ship
881:World War II
864:
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811:
802:Philadelphia
787:
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769:
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714:Rubens Peale
672:
659:P. T. Barnum
656:
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572:trompe-l'Εil
570:
566:
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535:John Hancock
528:
508:Philadelphia
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406:Philadelphia
359:trompe-l'Εil
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342:Philadelphia
331:
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295:
277:
271:
251:Philadelphia
240:
235:
234:
211:Hannah Moore
128:Philadelphia
112:Pennsylvania
108:Philadelphia
102:(1827-02-22)
29:
2601:1827 deaths
2596:1741 births
2402:(1851β1911)
2344:(1721β1814)
2218:James Peale
1983:Lily Bita,
1352: 1790
1308: 1785
1286:at Yorktown
1092:(1777β1780)
863:(1797) and
836:. In 1802,
492:James Peale
434:James Peale
135:Nationality
53: 1791
2590:Categories
2262:(grandson)
2256:(grandson)
1648:1588393577
1594:October 5,
1567:References
1244:Henry Knox
830:shoemaking
790:Germantown
783:silhouette
356:(1795), a
286:Early life
74:1741-04-15
2513:Roosevelt
2220:(brother)
2132:Paintings
1968:192205617
1929:"History"
1755:April 27,
1723:1073-9300
1619:April 11,
1280:Lafayette
1042:(1775β76)
960:Cymbeline
853:polygraph
834:taxidermy
826:optometry
822:dentistry
818:carpentry
808:Expertise
700:Baltimore
364:Raphaelle
2443:Schuyler
1913:March 8,
1780:April 6,
1588:Archived
1544:See also
1284:Tilghman
867:(1803).
794:Belfield
785:artist.
623:New York
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