737:
driven away by the threat of opposition. Late that night
Johnson received word that the party on the neck was still active, and sent Lieutenant Colonel Rhett with 100 men to investigate. Arriving around daybreak on the 10th, they apparently surprised the invaders. The invaders fled after a brief skirmish, but about 60 were captured, and as many as 12 invaders were killed along with one of the defenders. On September 11 Lieutenant Colonel Rhett sailed the colonial flotilla out to find the invaders, only to discover that they had sailed off.
232:
217:
199:
208:
145:
625:
157:
52:
259:
248:
729:
172:
680:
to intercept
Spanish supply ships; its captain quickly returned to Charles Town with word of the fleet's movement. The countryside and town, then also suffering the ravages of a yellow fever epidemic, rallied in response to Governor Johnson's calling out of the militia. The exact number of militia
758:
Carolina officials declared
October 17 a day of thanksgiving for their successful defense. The large number of prisoners, however, caused them some trouble. They sent about one third of them off to Virginia, expecting that they would be transported to England. However, by the time the prisoners
736:
On
September 9 the invaders landed two separate forces. One large force, numbering about 160, plundered some plantations near the Charleston neck, but was recalled when the Governor Johnson sent militia out in boats to oppose them. A second smaller force was landed on James Island, but was also
721:, which carried much of the French force, including "the campaign guns, shovels, spades, shells, and the land commander" (the latter being General Arbousset), Captain Lefebvre and his fleet crossed the bar on September 7, and delivered an ultimatum the next day. He demanded a ransom of 50,000
651:. In addition to decimating the expedition's troops, Spanish Governor Pedro Álvarez de Villarín died of the disease on July 6, and d'Iberville himself succumbed on July 8. Before he died, d'Iberville handed control of the expedition to Captain Jacques Lefebvre.
654:
Lefebvre sailed from Havana with five ships, carrying about 300 French soldiers under the command of
General Arbousset, and 200 Spanish volunteers led by General Esteban de Berroa. The fleet first made for St. Augustine, where Governor
1356:
744:
showed up, unaware of what had just transpired. Her captain had misjudged the distance from St. Augustine and had made landfall further north before turning around. General
Arbousset landed his troops east of Charles Town, but the
1361:
1366:
749:
was captured by the colonial fleet; Arbousset and his men surrendered after suffering 14–30 killed in a brief battle with the
Carolina militia. The prisoners included 90 to 100 Indians; most of these were "sold for slaves".
725:, threatening to destroy Charles Town if it was not paid. Governor Johnson contemptuously dismissed the demand as paltry, claiming the town was worth 40 million pesos, and that "it had cost much blood, so let them come".
647:. D'Iberville then released part of his squadron, and sailed for Havana. There he attempted to interest Spanish authorities in supporting the expedition, with limited success, due in part to a raging epidemic of
759:
arrived in
Virginia, the annual merchant fleet had already sailed. Virginia authorities were unhappy that they now had to hold the prisoners, who would otherwise have been set free with the ship they arrived on.
84:
612:. The expedition was to be paid for by holding other English colonial communities hostage after destroying Charles Town. It was not until late 1705 that d'Iberville secured permission from
331:
635:
Two small fleets, one headed by d'Iberville, who was to lead the expedition, left France in
January 1706, totalling 12 ships and carrying 600 French troops. They first sailed for the
604:, in 1703 developed a grandiose plan for assaulting Carolina. Using minimal French resources, d'Iberville planned for a small French fleet to join with a large Spanish fleet at
693:, which housed a few cannon whose range was inadequate to prevent ships from entering the harbor. The militia also improvised a small flotilla of ships, which even included a
537:, one of the expedition's six ships, became separated from the rest of the fleet. Troops landed near Charles Town were quickly driven off by militia called out by Governor
1371:
773:, but these efforts were frustrated by French diplomatic activities in the Native American communities and also by false rumors of another Franco-Spanish expedition.
681:
mustered is not known; of the non-slave population of 4,000, an estimated 900 men served in the colonial militia. Anticipating that a landing would be attempted on
677:
538:
252:
324:
592:, discussed the idea with a French naval captain as a means of revenge for the Carolina raids; however, no concrete action came of this discussion.
317:
656:
616:
for the expedition. The king provided ships and some troops, but required d'Iberville to bear the upfront cost of outfitting the expedition.
1192:
1165:
1130:
705:
The
Spanish fleet arrived off the harbor bar on September 4 (this date is recorded in contemporary English documents and histories such as
1351:
1238:
676:
gave chase; she consequently became separated from the rest of the squadron. The sloop was a privateer sent out by Carolina governor
589:
585:
on the Gulf coast were alarmed by these developments, since, as allies of the Spanish, their territory might also come under attack.
1101:
1391:
864:
440:
400:
287:
exact number unknown; provincial militia numbered about 900 Several provincial naval forces, including impressed merchant ships
685:, which guarded the southern approach to the harbor, Johnson posted the militia there under the command of Lieutenant Colonel
1386:
368:
628:
690:
682:
593:
566:
558:
517:
457:
435:
341:
1381:
383:
869:
859:
671:
532:
1376:
609:
505:
430:
420:
78:
763:
472:
405:
425:
388:
624:
770:
732:
A 1733 map showing Charles Town and surrounding area. Fort Johnson is visible at the very bottom of the map.
378:
581:
against the Spanish-Indian settlements of northern Florida. French authorities in the small settlement at
570:
528:
373:
1210:
Jones, Kenneth R (January 1982). "A "Full and Particular Account" of the Assault on Charleston in 1706".
670:
The French fleet sailed from St. Augustine on August 31. During the passage a sloop was spotted, and the
452:
309:
762:
In response to the Franco-Spanish expedition, Carolinians led Native American raiding expeditions that
769:, one of the few remaining Spanish outposts in Florida. They also mobilized Native American forces to
562:
501:
415:
182:
588:
The idea of a combined Franco-Spanish expedition first arose in 1704, when the governor of Florida,
541:
when word of the fleet's approach reached the area, and an improvised flotilla commanded by Colonel
613:
509:
348:
149:
43:
1305:
1282:
56:
Detail from a 1733 map showing the North American coastline between Charles Town and St. Augustine
1215:
766:
714:
578:
498:
462:
258:
247:
176:
601:
1278:
The History of South Carolina from its First European Discovery to its Erection into a Republic
1330:
1309:
1286:
1263:
1244:
1234:
1228:
1198:
1188:
1171:
1161:
1157:
1136:
1126:
1120:
1107:
1097:
410:
231:
216:
198:
162:
1257:
1089:
51:
710:
582:
574:
237:
222:
1299:
1276:
1230:
Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere, Volume 1
1323:
1082:
706:
17:
659:
provided a sixth ship, another 30 infantry, and about 50 "Christian Indians" from the
1345:
1150:
686:
542:
513:
263:
1093:
722:
648:
605:
524:
561:
had come to southeastern North America in mid-1702, and officials of the English
636:
527:, the expedition reached Charles Town in early September 1706 after stopping at
728:
640:
549:, which arrived after the other five ships had already sailed away in defeat.
1248:
1140:
1111:
600:
who had previously wrought havoc against English colonial settlements in the
100:
86:
1267:
1259:
Diccionario Geográfico, Estadístico, Histórico, de la Isla de Cuba, Volume 3
1202:
1175:
1152:
The Indian Slave Trade: The Rise of the English Empire in the American South
694:
664:
597:
276:
1313:
1334:
1290:
531:
to pick up reinforcements. After a brief encounter with a privateer the
1219:
660:
171:
497:
attempt under Captain Jacques Lefebvre to capture the capital of the
490:
1357:
Naval battles of the War of the Spanish Succession involving England
1362:
Naval battles of the War of the Spanish Succession involving France
1367:
Naval battles of the War of the Spanish Succession involving Spain
727:
644:
623:
494:
207:
144:
608:, which would then descend on Carolina's capital, then known as
523:
Organized and funded primarily by the French and launched from
313:
709:'s diary, as August 24 due to differences between the
689:. The northern point of James Island was fortified by
643:, and d'Iberville successfully ransacked English-held
112:
Charles Town expedition (landings on James Island, SC)
1125:. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press.
713:
then in use in the English colonies, and the modern
1322:
1304:. Chicago and New York: Lewis Publishing. p.
1149:
1081:
1185:Old Mobile: Fort Louis de la Louisiane, 1702–1711
1156:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. p.
1187:. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press.
1088:. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
860:"Le Moyne d'Iberville at d'Ardillières, Pierre"
36:
1325:The Governorship of Spanish Florida, 1700–1763
868:. Vol. II (1701–1740) (online ed.).
325:
8:
639:, where additional troops were recruited at
1214:. Vol. 83, no. 1. pp. 1–11.
954:
952:
950:
596:, the founder of Mobile and an experienced
1122:Lemoyne d'Iberville: Soldier of New France
332:
318:
310:
33:
1372:Pre-statehood history of South Carolina
1027:
1025:
1023:
968:
966:
964:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
896:
894:
787:
785:
781:
238:
223:
1212:The South Carolina Historical Magazine
799:
797:
1329:. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
7:
631:was the organizer of the expedition.
27:1706 French–Spanish conquest attempt
1301:History of South Carolina, Volume 1
487:Lefebvre's Charles Town expedition
25:
1262:(in Spanish). Madrid: J. Bernat.
1119:Crouse, Nellis Maynard (2001) .
1084:The Southern Frontier, 1670–1732
865:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
657:Francisco de Córcoles y Martínez
489:(September 1706) was a combined
257:
246:
230:
215:
206:
197:
170:
155:
143:
50:
1275:Simms, William Gilmore (1860).
1233:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.
717:). Despite the absence of the
280:330 French and Spanish regulars
1281:. New York: Redfield. p.
1256:de la Pezuela, Jacobo (1863).
565:had acted immediately. After
1:
559:War of the Spanish Succession
518:War of the Spanish Succession
1298:Snowden, Yates, ed. (1920).
569:in December 1702 to capture
1183:Higginbotham, Jay (1991) .
870:University of Toronto Press
629:Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville
579:series of destructive raids
1408:
858:Pothier, Bernard (1979) .
594:Pierre LeMoyne d'Iberville
545:successfully captured the
79:Charleston, South Carolina
1352:Battles in South Carolina
1080:Crane, Verner W (1956) .
862:. In Hayne, David (ed.).
590:José de Zúñiga y la Cerda
557:News of the start of the
359:
291:
269:
190:
136:
60:
49:
41:
1321:TePaske, John J (1964).
236:General Arbousset (
1392:Colonial South Carolina
1094:2027/mdp.39015051125113
667:, and Tequassa tribes.
363:Quebec and Newfoundland
221:Louis Pasquereau (
37:Charles Town expedition
18:Charles Town expedition
1227:Marley, David (2008).
1148:Gallay, Allan (2003).
733:
632:
395:Acadia and New England
282:200 Spanish volunteers
191:Commanders and leaders
1387:1706 in North America
731:
627:
520:is sometimes known).
292:Casualties and losses
909:Higginbotham, p. 285
900:Higginbotham, p. 284
888:Higginbotham, p. 238
563:Province of Carolina
502:Province of Carolina
447:Carolina and Florida
183:Province of Carolina
839:Crouse, pp. 251–252
441:2nd Northeast Coast
401:1st Northeast Coast
96: /
734:
715:Gregorian calendar
633:
577:, they launched a
344:Spanish Succession
1377:Conflicts in 1706
1194:978-0-8173-0528-4
1167:978-0-300-08754-3
1132:978-0-8071-2700-1
740:The next day the
678:Nathaniel Johnson
573:, the capital of
539:Nathaniel Johnson
481:
480:
308:
307:
301:over 350 captured
297:one ship captured
253:Nathaniel Johnson
212:Estevan de Berroa
150:Pro-Bourbon Spain
132:
131:
16:(Redirected from
1399:
1382:Queen Anne's War
1338:
1328:
1317:
1294:
1271:
1252:
1223:
1206:
1179:
1155:
1144:
1115:
1087:
1068:
1067:Crane, pp. 89–91
1065:
1059:
1056:
1050:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1018:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1000:
997:
991:
988:
982:
979:
973:
970:
959:
956:
945:
942:
936:
933:
910:
907:
901:
898:
889:
886:
880:
879:
877:
876:
855:
849:
846:
840:
837:
831:
828:
822:
819:
813:
810:
804:
801:
792:
789:
510:Queen Anne's War
354:
353:
351:
350:Queen Anne's War
334:
327:
320:
311:
262:
261:
251:
250:
240:
235:
234:
225:
220:
219:
211:
210:
203:Jacques Lefebvre
202:
201:
175:
174:
165:
161:
159:
158:
148:
147:
120:
119:
117:
116:
115:
113:
108:
107:
102:
97:
94:
93:
92:
89:
62:
61:
54:
44:Queen Anne's War
34:
21:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1342:
1341:
1320:
1297:
1274:
1255:
1241:
1226:
1209:
1195:
1182:
1168:
1147:
1133:
1118:
1104:
1079:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1031:Snowden, p. 146
1030:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1003:
998:
994:
989:
985:
980:
976:
972:Snowden, p. 145
971:
962:
957:
948:
943:
939:
934:
913:
908:
904:
899:
892:
887:
883:
874:
872:
857:
856:
852:
847:
843:
838:
834:
829:
825:
820:
816:
812:TePaske, p. 117
811:
807:
802:
795:
790:
783:
779:
756:
711:Julian calendar
703:
622:
602:Nine Years' War
575:Spanish Florida
555:
516:theater of the
484:
483:
482:
477:
355:
349:
347:
346:
343:
340:
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300:
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283:
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279:
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255:
245:
229:
228:
214:
213:
205:
204:
196:
169:
156:
154:
153:
152:
142:
128:English victory
111:
109:
105:
103:
101:32.75°N 79.97°W
99:
98:
95:
90:
87:
85:
83:
82:
81:
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1405:
1403:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
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1359:
1354:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1318:
1295:
1272:
1253:
1240:978-1598841008
1239:
1224:
1207:
1193:
1180:
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1145:
1131:
1116:
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1075:
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1069:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1019:
1010:
1001:
992:
983:
974:
960:
958:Marley, p. 250
946:
944:Pezuela, p. 24
937:
935:Gallay, p. 152
911:
902:
890:
881:
850:
848:Crouse, p. 252
841:
832:
830:Crouse, p. 251
823:
821:Crouse, p. 250
814:
805:
803:Gallay, p. 151
793:
780:
778:
775:
755:
752:
707:Francis Le Jau
702:
699:
621:
618:
614:King Louis XIV
554:
551:
514:North American
479:
478:
476:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
449:
448:
444:
443:
438:
433:
431:2nd Port Royal
428:
423:
421:1st Port Royal
418:
413:
408:
403:
397:
396:
392:
391:
386:
381:
379:2nd St. John's
376:
374:1st St. John's
371:
365:
364:
360:
357:
356:
339:
337:
336:
329:
322:
314:
306:
305:
302:
294:
293:
289:
288:
285:
272:
271:
267:
266:
243:
193:
192:
188:
187:
186:
185:
166:
139:
138:
134:
133:
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
76:
74:
70:
69:
68:September 1706
66:
58:
57:
47:
46:
39:
38:
32:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1404:
1393:
1390:
1388:
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1368:
1365:
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1360:
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1349:
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1327:
1326:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1103:9780837193366
1099:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1064:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1002:
996:
993:
987:
984:
978:
975:
969:
967:
965:
961:
955:
953:
951:
947:
941:
938:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
912:
906:
903:
897:
895:
891:
885:
882:
871:
867:
866:
861:
854:
851:
845:
842:
836:
833:
827:
824:
818:
815:
809:
806:
800:
798:
794:
788:
786:
782:
776:
774:
772:
771:attack Mobile
768:
765:
760:
753:
751:
748:
743:
738:
730:
726:
724:
723:Spanish pesos
720:
716:
712:
708:
700:
698:
696:
692:
688:
687:William Rhett
684:
679:
675:
674:
668:
666:
662:
658:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
630:
626:
619:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
571:St. Augustine
568:
564:
560:
552:
550:
548:
544:
543:William Rhett
540:
536:
535:
530:
529:St. Augustine
526:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
500:
496:
492:
488:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
458:St. Augustine
456:
454:
451:
450:
446:
445:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
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375:
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370:
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366:
362:
361:
358:
352:
345:
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328:
323:
321:
316:
315:
312:
303:
296:
295:
290:
286:
278:
274:
273:
268:
265:
264:William Rhett
260:
254:
249:
244:
241:
233:
226:
218:
209:
200:
195:
194:
189:
184:
181:
180:
179:
178:
173:
167:
164:
151:
146:
141:
140:
135:
127:
124:
123:
118:
106:32.75; -79.97
80:
75:
72:
71:
67:
64:
63:
59:
53:
48:
45:
40:
35:
30:
19:
1324:
1300:
1277:
1258:
1229:
1211:
1184:
1151:
1121:
1083:
1063:
1058:Crane, p. 88
1054:
1045:
1036:
1017:Simms, p. 82
1013:
1008:Jones, p. 10
1004:
995:
986:
981:Simms, p. 80
977:
940:
905:
884:
873:. Retrieved
863:
853:
844:
835:
826:
817:
808:
791:Simms, p. 81
761:
757:
746:
741:
739:
735:
718:
704:
691:Fort Johnson
683:James Island
672:
669:
653:
649:yellow fever
634:
610:Charles Town
587:
556:
546:
533:
525:Havana, Cuba
522:
506:Charles Town
486:
485:
468:Charles Town
467:
436:Bloody Creek
369:Newfoundland
168:
137:Belligerents
77:present-day
29:
1049:Jones, p. 5
1040:Jones, p. 6
999:Jones, p. 9
990:Jones, p. 8
637:West Indies
453:Flint River
384:Fort Albany
104: /
1346:Categories
1074:References
875:2010-11-15
641:Martinique
553:Background
342:War of the
284:50 Indians
277:privateers
110: (
1249:180907562
1141:237512799
1112:631544711
767:Pensacola
754:Aftermath
695:fire ship
665:Apalachee
598:privateer
508:, during
473:Pensacola
463:Apalachee
426:Haverhill
416:Grand Pré
411:Deerfield
299:42 killed
1268:28785605
1220:27567719
1203:22732070
1176:48013653
764:besieged
747:Brillant
742:Brillant
719:Brillant
673:Brillant
547:Brillant
534:Brillant
512:(as the
406:Falmouth
270:Strength
73:Location
42:Part of
1314:2395214
701:Attacks
661:Timucua
620:Prelude
567:failing
499:English
495:Spanish
304:unknown
177:England
91:79°58′W
88:32°45′N
1335:478311
1333:
1312:
1291:491137
1289:
1266:
1247:
1237:
1218:
1201:
1191:
1174:
1164:
1139:
1129:
1110:
1100:
606:Havana
583:Mobile
491:French
389:Quebec
163:France
160:
125:Result
1216:JSTOR
777:Notes
645:Nevis
1331:OCLC
1310:OCLC
1287:OCLC
1264:OCLC
1245:OCLC
1235:ISBN
1199:OCLC
1189:ISBN
1172:OCLC
1162:ISBN
1137:OCLC
1127:ISBN
1108:OCLC
1098:ISBN
493:and
275:six
65:Date
1306:145
1158:151
1090:hdl
239:POW
224:POW
1348::
1308:.
1285:.
1283:80
1243:.
1197:.
1170:.
1160:.
1135:.
1106:.
1096:.
1022:^
963:^
949:^
914:^
893:^
796:^
784:^
697:.
663:,
504:,
1337:.
1316:.
1293:.
1270:.
1251:.
1222:.
1205:.
1178:.
1143:.
1114:.
1092::
878:.
333:e
326:t
319:v
242:)
227:)
114:)
20:)
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