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156:, working in mezzotint over outlines etched by J.M.W. Turner. After the issue of the first part he also took over as publisher. The two men worked closely on the plates, J.M.W. Turner adding new ideas to the proofs as the work progressed. Charles Turner continued to work on the project until 1809, when a quarrel over money led to the end of the arrangement: according to his own account, the two men did not speak for the next 19 years. He did however engrave and publish a plate after J.M.W. Turner's
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175:, and etchings. The mezzotints themselves were worked over an etched background. Although his work covers a wide range of genres, his main interest was portraiture; Whitman lists 637 portraits, out of a total of 921 prints. He was exceptionally prolific, his ability to produce work quickly allowing him to successfully exploit the market for images of people were currently attracting public attention.
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Turner was born at
Woodstock in Oxfordshire. His father, also named Charles, was an excise officer, and his mother, Jane was a former paid companion to the Duchess of Marlborough at Blenheim Palace. Following his father's death, his mother returned to the Duchess's service, with the result that
141:, also ostensibly by Masquerier. Turner's annotated copy of the exhibition catalogue, however, indicates that there was an element of deception to the enterprise, and that Masquerier had never in fact seen Napoleon. Turner himself had executed much of the painting.
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in 1828. Up to that point he had only exhibited paintings and drawings at the
Academy, but from then on also showed prints. From about 1836 his output declined, and he exhibited no more mezzotints after 1843.
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In 1801 he issued, with great success, a print of
Napoleon, apparently based on a portrait by Masquerier painted on a visit to Paris, and was involved in the exhibition of a gigantic painting,
152:. This ambitious plate – 82 cm across. – was the first individual print to be made after one of the artist's paintings. In that year he also began work on the
130:, who was a notable exponent both of mezzotint and stipple, without making any mention of any formal apprenticeship. In 1798 he was employed by the publisher
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after a portrait of Joshua
Reynolds. Turner's biographer, Alfred Whitman, dismisses a tradition in the artist's family that he was apprenticed to
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from 1823 onwards. The relationship seems eventually to have been mended, and
Charles Turner was one of the executors of J. M. W. Turner's will.
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to produce the first plates for his "transparencies", a new type of varnished and coloured print designed to be illuminated from behind.
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He made his first mezzotint in 1795, working from a portrait of John Kirby, the keeper of
Newgate, painted by his friend
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He was appointed "Mezzotinto
Engraver in Ordinary to his Majesty" in 1812 and was elected an associate of the
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Brentford to Oxford: J. M. W. Turner's Early Career Under the
Guardianship of His Uncle J. M. W. Marshall
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Turner had access to the gallery at the palace. He moved to London in about 1789, where he worked for
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engraver and draughtsman who specialized in portraiture. He collaborated with
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Although predominantly working in mezzotint, Turner also produced
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190:, London, on 1 August 1857 and was buried on the western side of
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While a student at the Royal
Academy, he had become a friend of
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516:1 artwork by or after Charles Turner
461:"Turner, Charles (1774-1857)"
458:O'Donoghue, Freeman Marius (1899).
417:Cansick, Frederick Teague (1872).
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530:National Portrait Gallery, London
471:Dictionary of National Biography
575:Associates of the Royal Academy
488:. London: George Bell and Sons.
25:Self-portrait by Charles Turner
423:. J Russell Smith. p. 102
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565:Burials at Highgate Cemetery
16:English engraver (1774–1857)
526:Portraits of Charles Turner
500:Whittingham, Selby (2010).
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540:Royal Academy Collection
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445:Hermann, Luke (1990).
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39:Woodstock, Oxfordshire
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116:John James Masquerier
109:Royal Academy Schools
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169:stipple engravings
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98:. 1816. Mezzotint.
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570:English engravers
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192:Highgate Cemetery
162:Rivers of England
120:stipple engraving
90:Ch. Turner after
82:by Charles Turner
69:Highgate Cemetery
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466:Lee, Sidney
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132:Edward Orme
549:Categories
449:. Oxford:
439:References
427:15 October
128:John Jones
173:aquatints
150:Shipwreck
43:mezzotint
482:(1907).
528:at the
468:(ed.).
451:Phaidon
520:Art UK
464:. In
198:Notes
522:site
429:2021
59:Life
34:ARA
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