590:, Bass was able to have readers recognize the struggles of communities of color. Even when Bass was faced with her own struggles with United States officials she used it as opportunities to further the influence of her paper. This can be seen after her detainment by United States officials caused her to miss her flight to China for a conference, where afterwards she continued to work on the next issue of the paper. Charlotta Bass was able to strengthen the community by pointing out the issues in Los Angeles, bringing the African American community together. With the strategy of one community at a time she was able to publicize the unequal treatment in a majority of issues from housing to police brutality. Through the newspaper she was able reverse the long used tactic of blaming people of color to shift the blame onto white officials who were responsible for the unequal treatment continued to be perpetuated in various areas such as housing and police brutality.
42:
583:(2008) examines Charlotta Bass and Luisa Moreno's significance on political activism and how it relates to the history of struggle communities of color have faced. Both Bass and Moreno shared a "mutual struggle" and were active in fighting for civil rights through organizations together and through their own pursuits. Bass primarily focused on the African American community and Luisa Moreno on the Chicano community but both supported a variety of civil rights. Both women were active in the Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee, labor rights, and civil rights throughout their lives. Both women also used a technique of influencing one community at a time, employing antiracist activism, and bringing awareness.
394:, the Department of Justice interrogated Bass in 1942 over claims that the paper was funded by the Axis nations of Japan and Germany. The FBI continued to monitor Bass, as they deemed her actions as demonstrationf advocating the Communist Party despite a lack of evidence and Bass herself denying any assertions of the kind. In 1943, the Department of Justice was asked by the Post Office Department to revoke her mailing permit. The Post Office Department argued that the newspaper could not be mailed due to sensitive and illegal material within the paper. Bass again won the case, and the Department of Justice said her mailing permit would not be revoked.
437:
597:(2013) furthers this concept of "constellations of struggle" by looking at the "history of resistance" where communities have fought back and how they have reclaimed space. The work of Charlotta Bass and Luisa Moreno represents an interracial struggle and moments of solidarity. These moments of solidarity between African Americans and Mexicans was a way of reclaiming space through not only political means but through leisure spaces like music. When communities of color were violently attacked by whites it brought these communities together to further resist by unifying their forces together.
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508:'s office. They demanded an expansion of the Mayor's Committee on American Unity, more public mass meetings to promote interracial unity, and an end to the discriminatory hiring practices of the privately owned Los Angeles Railway Company. The mayor listened, but agreed to do no more than to expand his committee. Then later in the 1940s, Bass left the Republican Party and joined the Progressive Party because she believed neither of the major parties was committed to civil rights.
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530:. Bass became the first African-American woman to run for vice president of the United States. Her platform called for civil rights, women's rights, an end to the Korean War, and peace with the Soviet Union. Bass's slogan during the vice presidential campaign was, "Win or lose, we win by raising the issues." She was endorsed by Paul Robeson,
328:, along with other African-American presses, were under investigation by the Office of the Secretary of War, who viewed it as a threat to national security. The Department of Justice interrogated Bass in 1942 over claims that the paper was funded by Japan and Germany, fearing that criticism of the US was motivated by enemy alliances.
387:, along with other African-American presses, were under investigation by the Office of the Secretary of War, who viewed it as a threat to national security. They were suspicious of the Communist Party's attempts to build an alliance with African Americans by supporting their activism in civil rights.
545:
Bass worked on issues that also attracted Luisa Moreno, who was active in Afro-Chicano politics in Los
Angeles during the 1930s-1950. No record shows that the two women ever met, but in 1943 both served on the Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee, a multiracial group that fought for the release of several
323:
is credited as pioneering multi-ethnic politics, advocating Asian-American and
Mexican-American civil rights in the 1940s, especially during World War II. Most Japanese Americans were relocated from the West Coast to interior detention camps after the attack on Pearl Harbor and fears about security.
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was used as a platform for publicizing the issues of the
African American community and later included the issues of a variety of civil rights. She worked to improve the conditions of people of color through a multitude of civil rights such as housing rights, labor rights, voting rights, and police
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During her years of retirement, she maintained a library in her garage for the young people in her neighborhood. It was a continuation of her long fight to give all people opportunities and education. She died in Los
Angeles on April 12, 1969, from a cerebral hemorrhage. She is buried alongside her
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was to write about the wrongs of society. The newspaper served as a source of both information and inspiration for the black community, which was often ignored or negatively portrayed by the predominant white press. As publisher, Bass was committed to producing a quality periodical. In her weekly
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over to Spears. After
Neimore's death, "it turned out, this Black-founded newspaper was owned by a white man, who offered his support only if would become his 'sweetheart.' 'Get out, you dirty dog!' she told him. She borrowed $ 50 from a local store owner to purchase the deed." She renamed the
452:. Bass formed the Home Protective Association to defeat housing covenants in all-white neighborhoods. She helped found the Industrial Business Council, which fought discrimination in employment practices and encouraged black people to go into business. As editor and publisher of the
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Due to her activities, Bass was repeatedly accused of being part of the
Communist Party, for which there was no evidence and which Bass herself repeatedly denied. She was monitored by the FBI, who continued to view her as a potential security threat until she was in her nineties.
361:; police brutality; and restrictive housing covenants. As she exposed the KKK, Bass received threatening phone calls. At one point she was confronted by eight men robed in white, whom she scared off after displaying a firearm. She was unsuccessfully sued for libel by Klan leader
2038:
852:
Charlotta Bass, nee Spears, was born on
February 14, 1874 in Little Compton, Rhode Island. She attended Brown University, Columbia University and UCLA. At 36 years of age, she moved to Los Angeles and Joined the Eagle later to become the California
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was utilized as a tool to change the communities ideology by challenging the police even comparing their tactics to Hitler's tactics, challenging the assumption criminal behavior was biological in people of color, and linked fascism to racism. The
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was a way of reaching global attention to the issues of people of color. Charlotta Bass was able to promote the creation of "spatial entitlement" by bringing communities together through her work with organizations and the newspaper.
2003:
817:
Charlotta Amanda Spears is believed to have been born in Sumter, S.C., around 1880 ... Bass enrolled at
Pembroke, the women's college that is now a part of Brown University, and got a job selling subscriptions for a local Black
504:'s presidential campaign. Three years later, she became the first African-American grand jury member for the Los Angeles County Court. Also in 1943, Bass led a group of black leaders to the office of the Mayor of Los Angeles,
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It has been a good life that I have had, through a very hard one, but I know the future will be even better, And as I think back I know that is the only kind of life: In serving one's fellow man one serves himself best
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He joined the military to serve in World War II; he was killed in
Germany on April 3, 1945, in the last weeks of the war. His mother was his life insurance beneficiary, and when she died, the policy passed to Bass.
526:, an organization of black women set up to protest racial violence in the South. That year, she was nominated for vice president of the United States by the Progressive Party. She was the running mate of lawyer
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in housing and segregated schools in Los
Angeles. She campaigned to end job discrimination at the Los Angeles General Hospital, the Los Angeles Rapid Transit Company, the Southern Telephone Company, and the
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activist. She also focused on various other issues such as housing rights, voting rights, and labor rights, as well as police brutality and harassment. Bass is believed to be the first
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column "On the Sidewalk", begun in 1927, she drew attention to unjust social and political conditions for all Los Angeles minority communities and campaigned vigorously for reform.
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In 1966, Bass had a stroke and afterwards retired to a Los Angeles nursing home. In 1967, at age ninety-one the FBI still classified Charlotta Bass as a potential security threat.
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in campaign material during her run. She began the campaign on her own as Hallinan served out a six-month contempt of court sentence arising from his legal defense of union leader
234:
after purchasing it in auction for fifty dollars. At this time she took courses at Columbia University and University of California. In 1912, a new editor, Joseph Bass joined the
1967:
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As a leader of both the NAACP and the UNIA, Bass spanned the divide between integrationist and separatist black politics. She was the director of the Youth Movement of the
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of the 1930s, she continued to encourage black businesses with the campaign known as "Don't Buy Where You Can't Work". A longtime Republican, she voted for President
2018:
2013:
878:
Born in Little Compton, R.I., Mrs. Charlotta Bass ... has taken courses at Brown University, Columbia University, and the University of California at Los Angeles
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brutality. She was the first African American woman to be a jury member in the Los Angeles County Court and to run for Vice President of the United States.
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Bass continued to use the paper as a way of raising awareness of various issues facing African-Americans and other minorities. For example, she wrote about
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on her own until selling it in 1951 and moving to New York City. There she focused on politics. In the postwar period, with the beginning of the
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991:"Charlotta Bass / California Eagle Photograph Collection", 1880-1986, University Southern California. Libraries. Accessed February 16, 2012.
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on April 26, 1951, and sold the paper soon after. Considering the sum of her career as she was completing her autobiography,
647:
Freer, Regina (2004). "L.A. Race Woman: Charlotta Bass and the Complexities of Black Political Development in Los Angeles".
436:
368:
The Basses championed the black soldiers of the Twenty-Fourth Infantry who were unjustly convicted and sentenced in the
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190:
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Charlotta Amanda Spears was born on February 14, 1874, to Hiram and Kate Spears. Some sources give her birthplace as in
73:
1446:
1230:, Unpublished manuscript available at Southern California Research Library and the Schomburg Library in New York, 1960.
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husband in Evergreen Cemetery, Boyle Heights, East Los Angeles, California. The grave marker only names her husband.
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from 1912 until 1951. Bass and her husband combated such issues as the derogatory images of African Americans in
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Bass had no children, and she intended to pass on the paper to her nephew, John Kinloch, son of her sister
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making Bass and Moreno part of the same "constellation" of struggle. Bass wrote her last column for the
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In 1934, Joseph Bass died and Charlotta Bass assumed control of the paper. During this time period the
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after Bass published a letter from the Klan which detailed its plans to exterminate black leaders.
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between the US and the Soviet Union, her activism and political activities continued to arouse
143:(February 14, 1874 – April 12, 1969) was an American educator, newspaper publisher-editor, and
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and other official suspicions that she was a communist. She continued to deny this assertion.
244:. He shared his concern with Spears about the injustice and racial discrimination in society.
1455:
1352:
Spaces of Conflict, Sounds of Solidarity: Music, Race, and Spatial Entitlement in Los Angeles
1299:"Constellations of Struggle: Luisa Moreno, Charlotta Bass, and the Legacy for Ethnic Studies"
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s circulation of 60,000 made it the largest African-American newspaper on the West Coast.
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Bass also ran for the Los Angeles City Council in the 1940s using the song-title slogan “
1208:
Johnson, John H., ed. (March 20, 1952). "Charlotta Bass named for presidential ticket".
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The Fight of the Century: Jack Johnson, Joe Louis, and the Struggle for Racial Equality
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in housing. The nited States Supreme Court found these to be unconstitutional in 1948.
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died, she assumed the role of editor for the paper. She later became the owner of the
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357:(released in 1915); Los Angeles' discriminatory hiring practices; the revival of the
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Charlotta Bass, from her high school class photo, Providence, Rhode Island, 1890s
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408:. He lived with Bass in Los Angeles and worked as a reporter and editor for the
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first African-American woman to own and operate a newspaper in the United States
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Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League members
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During the 1920s, Bass became co-president of the Los Angeles chapter of the
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She moved to California at age 36 for her health and ended up working at the
201:. When she was twenty years old, she moved to live with her brother Ellis in
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woman to own and operate a newspaper in the United States; she published the
1852:
944:
Raising Her Voice-Pa: African-American Women Journalists who Changed History
781:
331:
281:, as it was first called, developed a large black readership. By 1925, the
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In 1940, the Republican Party chose Bass as western regional director for
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Raising Her Voice: African-American Women Journalists Who Changed History
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421:
1375:
Los Angeles Times, N Yates (30 March 1994). "Women in L.A. history".
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The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers
975:"Overlooked No More: Before Kamala Harris, There Was Charlotta Bass"
801:"Overlooked No More: Before Kamala Harris, There Was Charlotta Bass"
458:, the oldest black newspaper on the West Coast, Bass fought against
197:. She received an education from public schools and one semester at
2004:
African-American candidates for Vice President of the United States
485:. It had 200 members, including some actors and actresses, such as
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Charlotta Bass / California Eagle Photograph Collection, 1870-1960
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employed a staff of twelve and published twenty pages a week. The
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In Los Angeles Charlotta Spears married Joseph Bass. They ran the
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Charlotta Bass is known for her work as owner and editor of the
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1458:, Southern California Library for Social Studies & Research
1452:, Southern California Library for Social Studies & Research
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educator, newspaper publisher/editor, and civil rights activist
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1216:(21). Chicago, Illinois: Johnson Publishing Company, Inc.: 9.
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American West Transformed: The Impact of the Second World War
842:. Southern California Library for Social Studies and Research
1015:
Los Angeles Times, C Rasmussen (30 April 1993). "LA scene".
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Power and Place in the North American West by Richard White
376:," nine young men who were framed and convicted of rape in
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Female candidates for Vice President of the United States
1146:
Strong in the Struggle: My Life as a Black Labor Activist
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Women and Social Movements in the United States,1600-2000
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first African-American woman nominated for Vice President
372:. They also later covered the case and supported the "
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consisted of selling subscriptions. When its founder
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Bass served in 1952 as the National Chairman of the
193:. She was the sixth child of eleven. Her sister was
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Progressive Party (United States, 1948) politicians
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1241:Forty Years: Memoirs from the Pages of a Newspaper
1228:Forty Years: Memoirs from the Pages of a Newspaper
894:
1085:, University of California Press, p. 92 (1983) -
946:, University Press of Kentucky, p. 100, (1994) -
209:, a local Black newspaper. Spears worked for the
205:, where she worked selling subscriptions for the
101:Evergreen Cemetery, East Los Angeles, California
2034:1952 United States vice-presidential candidates
1189:Race Woman: The Lives of Shirley Graham Du Bois
560:
390:Following US entry into World War II after the
308:due to increasing social and political issues.
868:. The Boston Globe. 31 August 1952. p. 43
189:, while other sources suggest she was born in
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1126:The Afro-American Woman: Struggles and Images
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8:
1168:, University of Nebraska Press, p. (1990) -
1148:, Rowman & Littlefield, p. 42, (2001) -
766:(1 ed.). University Press of Kentucky.
299:became ill, he turned the operations of the
2084:Activists for African-American civil rights
1466:University of Southern California Libraries
27:American politician and newspaper publisher
2054:Burials at Evergreen Cemetery, Los Angeles
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1263:, September 4, 2020. Retrieved 2020-09-05.
981:, September 4, 2020. Retrieved 2020-09-05.
836:"Register of the Charlotta A. Bass Papers"
40:
29:
1422:. University of Washington Press, 1999.
1057:"Biographical Sketch of Victorine Spears"
888:
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238:Bass had been one of the founders of the
1568:1952 United States presidential election
1063:. Alexandria, VA: Alexander Street Press
595:Spaces of Conflict, Sounds of Solidarity
2074:20th-century American women politicians
1456:"Charlotta A. Bass Collection, 1924-77"
693:, Blackwell Publishing, p. 237 (2002),
691:A Companion to American Women's History
636:
446:Universal Negro Improvement Association
2019:American newspaper publishers (people)
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1354:. American Crossroads. UP California.
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2014:American women civil rights activists
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199:Pembroke College in Brown University
1510:Vice President of the United States
546:Chicanos convicted of murder by an
515:” to highlight her condemnation of
46:Charlotta Bass, ca. 1901–1910
2024:People from Sumter, South Carolina
440:1916 Nameplate of California Eagle
25:
2079:20th-century American politicians
575:Inter-racial political activities
1105:, M.E. Sharpe, p. 208, (2002) -
524:Sojourners for Truth and Justice
2009:American civil rights activists
713:via PBS, and October 1880 from
392:Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
256:together. She had no children.
1350:Johnson, Gaye Theresa (2013).
1296:Johnson, Gaye Theresa (2008).
1243:(Los Angeles: C.A. Bass, 1960)
1191:, NYU Press, p. 144, (2002) -
1128:, Black Classic Press, 1997 -
709:Birthdate listed as 1874 from
1:
762:Streitmatter, Rodger (1994).
92:Los Angeles, California, U.S.
2044:Women in California politics
1144:Robert L. Allen, Lee Brown.
840:Online Archive of California
272:52nd Place Historic District
270:Charlotta Bass lived in the
191:Little Compton, Rhode Island
141:Charlotta Amanda Spears Bass
74:Little Compton, Rhode Island
2064:Writers from South Carolina
1055:Riordan, Katherine (2021).
893:Thompson, Kathleen (2010).
622:from the 1912 to 1951. The
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581:Constellations of Struggle
416:Bass continued to run the
2069:Activists from California
1959:
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304:newspaper company to the
157:from 1912 until 1951. In
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1488:at the California Museum
1226:Bass, Charlotta Spears.
406:Victorine Spears Kinloch
203:Providence, Rhode Island
195:Victorine Spears Kinloch
2059:Writers from California
1932:Edward Longstreet Bodin
1893:Socialist Workers Party
1447:Charlotta Bass and the
1253:"Joseph Blackburn Bass"
996:March 25, 2012, at the
903:Oxford University Press
715:Encyclopædia Britannica
478:, a Democrat, in 1936.
222:. Her first job at the
56:Charlotta Amanda Spears
1946:Homer Aubrey Tomlinson
1396:Cite journal requires
1036:Cite journal requires
897:Bass, Charlotta Spears
565:
517:housing discrimination
465:Boulder Canyon Project
441:
370:1917 Houston race riot
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187:Sumter, South Carolina
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70:Sumter, South Carolina
1843:Socialist Labor Party
942:Rodger Streitmatter.
579:Gaye Johnson's essay
476:Franklin D. Roosevelt
460:restrictive covenants
439:
399:restrictive covenants
354:The Birth of a Nation
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213:for about ten years.
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18:Charlotta Spears Bass
1964:Other 1952 elections
1924:and other candidates
1616:Dwight D. Eisenhower
1434:Los Angeles Sentinel
1164:Gerald D. Nash. The
1122:Rosalyn Terborg-Penn
661:10.1353/aq.2004.0034
593:Gaye Johnson's book
558:(1960), Bass wrote:
432:Political activities
311:Her purpose for the
297:John J. Neimore
1753:Richard Russell Jr.
1733:W. Averell Harriman
1640:George T. Mickelson
1239:Charlotta A. Bass,
1101:Thomas R. Hietala.
378:Scottsboro, Alabama
349:D. W. Griffith
343:Bass published the
339:, Los Angeles, 1949
248:Marriage and family
211:Providence Watchman
207:Providence Watchman
1939:Henry B. Krajewski
1882:Samuel H. Friedman
1704:Adlai Stevenson II
973:Bennett, Jessica,
807:. 4 September 2020
805:The New York Times
649:American Quarterly
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241:Topeka Plaindealer
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1981:
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1911:Myra Tanner Weiss
1874:Darlington Hoopes
1814:Progressive Party
1803:Enoch A. Holtwick
1785:Prohibition Party
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1720:Other candidates:
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1632:Other candidates:
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1519:Succeeded by
1505:Progressive Party
1471:Charlotta A. Bass
1418:John M. Findlay.
1124:, Sharon Harley.
918:cite encyclopedia
689:Nancy A. Hewitt.
513:Don't Fence Me In
410:California Eagle.
274:during the 1930s.
163:Progressive Party
138:
137:
66:February 14, 1874
16:(Redirected from
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1824:Vincent Hallinan
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1723:Alben W. Barkley
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1669:Democratic Party
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624:California Eagle
620:California Eagle
607:California Eagle
602:California Eagle
588:California Eagle
552:California Eagle
528:Vincent Hallinan
472:Great Depression
455:California Eagle
418:California Eagle
385:California Eagle
345:California Eagle
326:California Eagle
313:California Eagle
306:California Eagle
295:When the editor
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261:California Eagle
232:California Eagle
224:California Eagle
219:California Eagle
154:California Eagle
149:African-American
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1984:
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1864:Socialist Party
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1795:Stuart Hamblen
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1738:Hubert Humphrey
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1635:Riley A. Bender
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1436:, 17 April 1969
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1441:External links
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85:April 12, 1969
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1922:Independents
1909:VP nominee:
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1880:VP nominee:
1879:
1871:
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1831:
1830:VP nominee:
1829:
1821:
1801:VP nominee:
1800:
1792:
1719:
1710:VP nominee:
1709:
1701:
1631:
1622:VP nominee:
1621:
1613:
1572:→ 1956
1564:← 1948
1522:
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1507:nominee for
1503:
1481:Find a Grave
1473:, Black Past
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1389:cite journal
1370:
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1180:
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1077:
1065:. Retrieved
1060:
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1029:cite journal
986:
978:
943:
938:
906:. Retrieved
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870:. Retrieved
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804:
782:j.ctt130jn0r
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705:
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145:civil rights
140:
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87:(1969-04-12)
1999:1969 deaths
1994:1874 births
1776:independent
1772:Third-party
1655:Earl Warren
1650:Robert Taft
926:|work=
908:February 1,
872:5 September
846:5 September
811:5 September
717:and others.
556:Forty Years
470:During the
380:, in 1931.
134:Joseph Bass
1988:Categories
1853:Eric Hass
1778:candidates
1695:Candidates
1681:Convention
1607:Candidates
1593:Convention
1381:1973834424
1021:1831822548
818:newspaper.
631:References
487:Lena Horne
363:G.W. Price
173:Background
62:1874-02-14
1901:Nominee:
1872:Nominee:
1851:Nominee:
1822:Nominee:
1793:Nominee:
1702:Nominee:
1686:Primaries
1614:Nominee:
1598:Primaries
1432:Obituary:
1324:140263100
928:ignored (
677:144912374
669:1080-6490
351:'s film,
335:Bass and
279:The Eagle
1377:ProQuest
1067:30 March
1017:ProQuest
994:Archived
422:Cold War
1464:at the
1973:Senate
1523:(None)
1426:
1379:
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1322:
1304:Aztlán
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853:Eagle.
780:
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675:
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614:Legacy
493:, and
236:Eagle.
131:Spouse
76:, U.S.
1968:House
1320:S2CID
778:JSTOR
673:S2CID
483:NAACP
321:Eagle
301:Eagle
290:'
287:Eagle
283:Eagle
254:Eagle
72:, or
1774:and
1566:)
1515:1952
1424:ISBN
1402:help
1356:ISBN
1193:ISBN
1170:ISBN
1150:ISBN
1130:ISBN
1107:ISBN
1087:ISBN
1069:2022
1042:help
948:ISBN
930:help
910:2012
874:2020
848:2020
813:2020
768:ISBN
695:ISBN
665:ISSN
600:The
534:and
324:The
319:The
159:1952
82:Died
52:Born
1479:at
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657:doi
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60:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
