Charlotte Smith (writer) - Knowledge (XXG)

2335: 917:. Wordsworth, the leading Romantic poet, believed that Smith wrote "with true feeling for rural nature, at a time when nature was not much regarded by English Poets". He also stated in the 1830s that she was "a lady to whom English verse is under greater obligations than are likely to be either acknowledged or remembered." By the mid-19th century, however, Smith was largely forgotten. Smith was respected also for her ten novels, publishing works in a variety of genres. These include Gothic, revolutionary, educational, epistolary but always incorporating the novel of sensibility. Although they have yet to receive any "critical attention" today, Smith was famous for children's books she wrote in her writing period. Smith is noted as one of the most popular poets of her time. One of the first poets to receive a salary, 835:, who also wrote Gothic fiction, was among those friends. Along with praise, Smith also received backlash from other writers. "Jane Austen – though she ridiculed Smith's novels, actually borrowed plot, character, and incident from them." John Bennet (1792) wrote that "the little sonnets of Miss Charlotte Smith are soft, pensive, sentimental and pathetic, as a woman's productions should be. The muses, if I mistake not, will, in time, raise her to a considerable eminence. She has, as yet, stepped forth only in little things, with a diffidence that is characteristic of real genius in its first attempts. Her next public entre may be more in style, and more consequential." Smith is never too specific about her republicanism; her ideas rest on the scholars 896:." As time went on, Hayley Smith withdrew support from her in 1794 and corresponded with her only infrequently. Smith saw Hayley's actions as betrayal; he would often make claims that she was a "Lady of signal sorrows, signal woes." Even with her success as a writer and handful of accredited friends through her lifetime, Smith was "sadly isolated from other writers and literary friends." Although many believed in Hayley's statements, many saw Smith as a "woman of signal achievement, energy, ambition, devotion, and sacrifice. Her children and her literary career evoked from her best efforts, and did so in about equal measure." 932:. The inspiration she received in the 17th century from these writers helped her build an audience and dominate in certain genres. Smith was notorious for not only expressing her personal and emotional struggles but also for the anxiety and complications she faced when it came to meeting deadlines, mailing out completed volumes, and payment advancements. She was keen in persuading her publishers to work with her issues. Smith would submit final drafts in exchange for "food, lodging, and expenses for her children". Other publishers willing to negotiate with Smith throughout her career as a writer were 956:, and post-colonial studies" argued for her significance as a writer. They concluded that she helped to revitalise the English sonnet, a view found in Coleridge and others. Scott wrote that she "preserves in her landscapes the truth and precision of a painter" and poet. Barbauld claimed that Smith was the first to include sustained natural description in novels. In 2008, Smith's complete prose became available to the general public. The edition contains all her novels, the children's stories and rural walks. 1999: 44: 949:

most influence on later writers." Oneț felt that Smith's work "rejected an identity defined exclusively by emotionality, matrimony, the family unit, and female sexuality." Overall Smith's career in writing was rejoiced, well perceived and popular until her later years of living. "Smith deserves to be read not simply as a writer whose work demonstrates changes in taste, but as one of the primary voices of her time and a worthy contemporary of the male romantic poets."

252: 811:), which made it increasingly difficult and painful for her to write. By the end of her life, it had almost paralysed her. She wrote to a friend that she was "literally vegetating, for I have very little locomotive powers beyond those that appertain to a cauliflower." On 23 February 1806, her husband died in a debtors' prison and Smith finally received some money he owed her, but she was too ill to do anything with it. She died at 442:. Smith's relations with her husband did not improve and on 15 April 1787 she left him after 22 years of marriage, writing that she might "have been contented to reside in the same house with him" had not "his temper been so capricious and often so cruel," so that her "life was not safe". When Charlotte left Benjamin, she did not secure a legal agreement to protect her profits – he would have access to them under English 222:, were born over the next five years. Smith received a typical girl's education in a wealthy, late 18th-century family. Her childhood was marked by her mother's early death (probably giving birth to Catherine) and her father's reckless spending. After losing his wife, Nicholas Turner travelled and the children were raised by Lucy Towers, their maternal aunt; when exactly their father returned is unknown. 398: 454:. All her works were published under her own name, "a daring decision" for a woman at the time. Her success as a poet allowed her to make this choice and she identified herself as a poet throughout her career. Although she published far more prose than poetry and her novels brought her more money and fame, she believed poetry would bring her respectability. As Sarah Zimmerman claimed in the 756:

on average, one work per year for twenty-two years, and a controversy that attached to her public profile" as she wrote on the French Revolution. Both radical and conservative periodicals criticized her novels about the revolution. Her insistence on pursuing a lawsuit over Richard Smith's inheritance lost her several patrons. Her increasingly blunt prefaces made her less appealing.

2354: 869:, and Sarah Rose were people Smith saw as trusted friends. Having become famous for marrying into a great Irish home, Henrietta O'Neill, like Austen, provided Smith "with a poetic, sympathetic friendship and with literary connections," helping her gain an "entry into a fashionable, literary world to which she otherwise had little access; here she almost certainly met 513:(1798). Smith was beginning her novelist career at a time when women's fiction was expected to focus on romance and to focus on "a chaste and flawless heroine subjected to repeated melodramatic distresses until reinstated in society by the virtuous hero". Although Smith's novels employed this structure, they also included political commentary, notably support of the 350:, about 10 miles east of Winchester. Worried about Charlotte's future and that of his grandchildren and concerned that his son would continue his irresponsible ways, Richard Smith willed most of his property to Charlotte's children. However, he drew up the will himself and it contained legal problems. The inheritance, originally worth nearly £36,000, was tied up in 315:) and argued with her in-laws, whom she saw as unrefined and uneducated. They in turn mocked her for spending time reading, writing and drawing. Meanwhile Benjamin proved violent, unfaithful and profligate. Only her father-in-law, Richard, appreciated her writing abilities, although he wanted her to use them to further his business interests. Richard Smith owned 544:

her own struggles, including the deaths of several of her children. According to Zimmerman, "Smith mourned most publicly for her daughter Anna Augusta, who married an émigré... and died aged twenty in 1795." Smith's prefaces placed her as a suffering sentimental heroine and as a vocal critic of laws that kept her and her children in poverty.

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Ultimately, "Smith's autobiographical incursions" bridge the old and the new, "older poetic forms and an emerging Romantic voice." Smith was a skillful satirist and political commentator on the condition of England, and this is, I think, the most interesting aspect of her fiction and the one that had

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states, "Few exploited fiction's potential of self-representation with such determination as Smith." Her work is defined as "squarely in the cult of sensibility: she believed in the virtue of kindness, in generosity to those less fortunate, and in the cultivation of the finer feelings of sympathy and

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Smith's experiences led her to argue for legal reforms that would grant women more rights, making the case for these in her novels. Her stories showed the "legal, economic, and sexual exploitation" of women by marriage and property laws. Initially readers were swayed by her arguments; writers such as

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are portraits of Charlotte and Benjamin. She suffered sorely throughout her life. Her mother died in childbirth when Charlotte was three. Charlotte's own first child died a day after her second child, Benjamin Berney, was born and Benjamin lived only ten years. The prefaces to Smith's novels told of

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Smith "clung to her own sense of herself as a gentlewoman of integrity". The negative sides that Smith claimed to have experienced during the publication process were perceived as self-pity by many publishers of her time, affecting her relationship and reputation with them. Smith's push to be taken

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Smith earned most money between 1787 and 1798, after which she was no longer so popular; several reasons have been given for the declining public interest, including "erosion of the quality of her work after so many years of literary labour, an eventual waning of readerly interest as she published,

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Nicholas Turner met with financial difficulties on his return to England and had to sell some of the family's holdings. He married the wealthy Henrietta Meriton in 1765. His daughter entered society at the age of 12, leaving school and being tutored at home. His reckless spending then forced her to

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Stuart Curran, as editor of Smith's poems, has written that she is "the first poet in England whom in retrospect we would call Romantic". She helped shape the "patterns of thought and conventions of style" for the period and was responsible for rekindling the sonnet form in England. She influenced

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began, which shocked the public, turning them against the revolutionaries. Like many radicals, Smith criticised the French, but retained the original ideals of the revolution. To support her family, Smith had to sell her works, and so was eventually forced, as Blank claims, to "tone down the

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Smith left her husband and began writing to support their children. Her struggles for legal independence as a woman affect her poetry, novels and autobiographical prefaces. She is credited with turning the sonnet into an expression of woeful sentiment and her early novels show development in

857:, a poet and contributor to the early Romanticist movement, also sympathised with Smith's hardships. He says, " she has done more and done better than other women writers, it has not been her whole employment — she is not looking out for admiration and talking to show off." In addition to 936:, Thomas Cadell the younger, and William Davies. Unfortunately she also struggled with disputes from "various booksellers over copyright, a printer's competence, or the quality of an engraving for an illustration. She would argue that the time was ripe for a second edition of a novel." 548: 291:

The Smiths had twelve children. Their first, in 1766, died the next year just days after the birth of their second, Benjamin Berney (1767–1777). Their ten more children between 1767 and 1785 were William Towers (born 1768), Charlotte Mary (born 1769), Braithwaite (born 1770),

1489:; Greenblatt, Stephen; Christ, Carol T; David, Alfred; Lewalski, Barbara K; Lipking, Lawrence; Logan, George M; Lynch, Deidre Shauna; Maus, Katharine Eisaman; Noggle, James; Ramazani, Jahan; Robson, Catherine; Simpson, James; Stallworthy, Jon; Stillinger, Jack, eds. (2012). 884:, a Dublin antiquarian and writer. "Walker handled her dealings with John Rice, who published Dublin editions of many of her works. She confided openly in Walker about literary and familial matters." Through publication of personal letters Smith sent to a close companion, 795:(1807) also appeared posthumously. Publishers paid less for these, however, and by 1803 Smith was poverty-stricken. She could barely afford food or coal. She even sold her beloved library of 500 books to pay off debts, but feared being sent to jail for the remaining £20. 446:

laws. Smith knew that her children's future rested on a successful settlement of the lawsuit over her father-in-law's will, and so made every effort to earn enough money to fund the suit and retain the family's genteel status.

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to avoid further creditors. Charlotte returned to negotiate with them, but failed to come to an agreement. She went back to France and in 1784 began translating works from French into English. In 1787 she published

206:. Waning interest left her destitute by 1803. Barely able to hold a pen, she sold her book collection to pay debts and died in 1806. Largely forgotten by the mid-19th century, she has since been seen as a major 517:

through her male characters. At times, she challenged the typical romance plot by including "narratives of female desire" or "tales of females suffering despotism". Her novels contributed to the development of

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tells of a man journeying to revolutionary France and convinced of the rightness of the revolution. He contends that England should be reformed as well. The novel was published in June 1792, a year before

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after his death in 1776 for almost 40 years. Smith and her children saw little of it. (It has been proposed that this may have inspired the famous fictional case of interminable legal proceedings,

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claimed Smith was " in two species of composition so different as the novel and the sonnet, and whose powers are so equally capable of charming the imagination, and awakening the passions."

276:. In a marriage on 23 February 1765 at the age of 15, which she later described as prostitution, she was given by her father to a violent, profligate man, Benjamin Smith, son of 831:

Smith's novels were read and assessed by friends who were also writers, as she would return the favour and they found it beneficial to improve and encourage each other's work.

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and wrote political novels of sensibility. Despite ten novels, four children's books and other works, she saw herself mainly as a poet and expected to be remembered for that.

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Smith's novels reappeared at the end of the 20th century, when critics "interested in the period's women poets and prose writers, the Gothic novel, the historical novel, the

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Charlotte Turner was born on 4 May 1749 in London and baptised on 12 June as the oldest child of well-to-do Nicholas Turner and Anna Towers. Her two siblings, Nicholas and

2250: 979: 748: 851:. "Charlotte Smith tried not to swim too strongly against the current of public view, because she needed to sell her novels in order to provide for her children." 385:

helped initiate a revival of the form and granted an aura of respectability to her later novels, as poetry was then considered the highest art. Smith revised

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patronised her. However, as years passed readers became exhausted by Smith's stories of struggle and inequality. The public shifted to the view of the poet

2655: 2645: 98: 288:. The marriage proposal was accepted for her by her father. Condemning his action 40 years later, Smith said it had turned her into a "legal prostitute". 1491: 463:

After leaving her husband, Smith moved to a town near Chichester and decided to write novels, as they would make more money than poetry. Her first one,

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seriously and how she emerges as an essential figure of the "Age of Sensibility" is observed in her powerful use of vulnerability. Antje Blank of

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and learned dancing, drawing, music and acting. She loved to read and wrote poems, which her father encouraged. She even submitted a few to the

823:. The lawsuit over her father-in-law's estate was settled seven years later, on 22 April 1813, more than 36 years after Richard Smith's death. 892:, another friend of Smith's, was "liked, respected, influential" in their time, especially as he was offered the laureateship on the death of 2133: 2080: 405:

Smith's husband fled to France to escape his creditors. She joined him there until, thanks largely to her, he was able to return to England.

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Smith moved frequently due to financial concerns and declining health. In the last 20 years of her life, she lived in: Chichester,

539:, "few exploited fiction's potential of self-representation with such determination as Smith." For example, Mr and Mrs Stafford in 1882: 460:, "She prized her verse for the role it gave her as a private woman whose sorrows were submitted only reluctantly to the public." 2665: 2468: 2016: 2263: 870: 724: 316: 1714:

Goodman, Kevis (Fall 2014). "Conjectures on Beachy Head: Charlotte Smith's Geological Poetics and the Ground of the Present".

672:(1810). As a successful novelist and poet, Smith communicated with famous artists and thinkers of the day, including musician 2062: 1862: 1841: 1758: 1725: 1517: 207: 2011:

Pascoe, Judith (1994). "Female Botanists and the Poetry of Charlotte Smith". In Wilson, Carol Shiner; Haefner, Joel (eds.).

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To continue earning money, Smith began writing in less politically charged genres. This included a collection of tales,

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Conversations Introducing Poetry: chiefly on subjects of Natural Science. For the use of Children and Young Persons

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Conversations Introducing Poetry: chiefly on subjects of Natural Science. For the use of Children and Young Persons

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Smith claimed the position of gentlewoman, signing herself "Charlotte Smith of Bignor Park" on the title page of

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is "frequently deemed best" novel for its sentimental themes and development of minor characters. Novelist

614: 52: 925: 665: 375:, in December 1783. Smith moved in with him and it was there that she wrote and published her first work. 368: 1144:

Benjamin's sister Mary was married twice. Her first husband's family name was Berney, her second's Dyer.

836: 816: 427:, after it was argued that the work was immoral and plagiarised. In 1786, she published it anonymously. 355: 293: 2383:

Jacqueline Labbe (Warwick University) talks about the life and works of Charlotte Turner Smith (Part 3)

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Jacqueline Labbe (Warwick University) talks about the life and works of Charlotte Turner Smith (Part 2)

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Jacqueline Labbe (Warwick University) talks about the life and works of Charlotte Turner Smith (Part 1)

233:. Two years later, she, her aunt and her sister moved to London, where she attended a girls' school in 2458: 2434: 2640: 2635: 1667: 988: 881: 866: 862: 808: 469:(1788), was a success, selling 1500 copies within months. She wrote nine more in the next ten years: 219: 300:(1778–1842), Harriet (born c. 1782), and George (born c. 1785). Six of their children survived her. 2680: 2396: 1047: 706: 487: 339: 325: 198: 2448: 381:(1784) achieved instant success, allowing Charlotte to pay for their release from prison. Smith's 2317: 2168: 2143:

Scarth, Kate (2014). "Elite Metropolitan Culture, Women, and Greater London in Charlotte Smith's

1770: 1737: 1675: 1527: 1067: 910: 331: 285: 178:(1784) contributed to the revival of the form in England. She also helped to set conventions for 134: 2503: 1558:. Palgrave Studies in the Enlightenment, Romanticism and Cultures of Print. Palgrave Macmillan. 372: 239: 2330: 2235: 2129: 2099: 2076: 2043: 2020: 1984: 1965: 1942: 1919: 1912: 1866: 1814: 1791: 1700: 1653: 1586: 1559: 1496: 1075: 1031: 730: 712: 642:

and adopt more oblique techniques to express her libertarian ideals". She set her next novel,

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while living in Brighton in 1791–1793. Like them, she supported the French Revolution and its

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Smith is known for striving to produce her writing at the same level and expectation as

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Charlotte Smith and the Sonnet Form: Place and Tradition in the Late Eighteenth Century

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Gothic Feminism: The Professionalization of Gender from Charlotte Smith to the Brontës

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In fact, Benjamin illegally spent at least a third of the legacy and ended up in

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characters and events. While a common device at the time, Antje Blank writes in

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Smith believed that her poetry, not her novels, granted her respectability.

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After Benjamin Smith was released from prison, the entire family moved to

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a few months later, on 28 October 1806, and was buried at Stoke Church,

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British Women Writers and the French Revolution – Citizens of the World

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Women Writers and the English Nation in the 1790s: Romantic Belongings

785:(1804). She also wrote two volumes of a history of England (1806) and 607: 591: 439: 389:

several times over the years, eventually creating a two-volume work.

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Kelley, Theresa M (2004). "Romantic Histories: Charlotte Smith and

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Strange Fits of Passion: Epistemologies of Emotion, Hume to Austen

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One of Smith's longest friends and respected mentors was Reverend

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was Smith's last novel and a piece of "outspoken radical fiction".

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The Smith marriage was unhappy. She detested living in commercial

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Charlotte Smith: Romanticism, Poetry, and the Culture of Gender

1883:"The Obligations of Form: Social Practice in Charlotte Smith's 1751:

Partial Answers: Journal of Literature and the History of Ideas

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Hart, Monica Smith (2010). "Charlotte Smith's Exilic Persona".

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Sentimental Memorials: Women and the Novel in Literary History

1582: 421:'s trials. She was forced to withdraw her other translation, 704:. An array of periodicals reviewed her works, including the 1197: 2013:

Re-Visioning Romanticism: British Women Writers, 1776–1837

1699:. Twayne's English authors series. Vol. 528. Twayne. 2221:. Johnson, St Paul's Churchyard, London. Stanford 195269. 2198:. Johnson, St Paul's Churchyard, London. Stanford 195269. 2036:

Romantic Theatricality: Gender, Poetry, and Spectatorship

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radicalism that had characterised the authorial voice in

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28 October 1806) was an English novelist and poet of the

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Commentary: William Wordsworth on Charlotte Smith (1835)

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https://www.krishnamurticentre.org.uk/centre/grounds.php

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British Authors Before 1800: A Biographical Dictionary

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In 1785, the family returned to England and moved to

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and lived with him from 1774 until 1783 at Lys Farm,

1315: 1313: 1311: 1309: 1307: 1305: 1303: 1301: 1983:. The Enlightenment World. Vol. 5. Routledge. 1425: 1423: 1421: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1293: 1291: 1289: 1287: 1285: 1283: 1281: 120: 112: 104: 84: 59: 34: 1934: 1911: 1881: 1809:. Cambridge Studies in Romanticism. Vol. 44. 1692: 1574: 1541:English Writing and Culture of the Romantic Period 1526: 1408: 1406: 1859:Clandestine Marriage: Botany and Romantic Culture 980:On Being Cautioned Against Walking on an Headland 875:A View of Society and Manners in Italy and Zeluco 945:tenderness for those who suffered needlessly." 225:At the age of six, Charlotte went to school in 338:She persuaded Richard to set Benjamin up as a 243:for publication, but they were not accepted. 8: 1686:Biographical Memoirs. Cadell. pp. 3–47. 2500:at the British Women Romantic Poets Project 2491:at the British Women Romantic Poets Project 2072:The Critical Opinions of William Wordsworth 2059:The critical opinions of William Wordsworth 2403:Complete Poetical Works of Charlotte Smith 1492:The Norton Anthology of English Literature 1164: 1156: 1154: 1152: 1150: 789:(1807, posthumous). Her return to poetry, 229:and took drawing lessons from the painter 42: 31: 2128:. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. 1535:; Cook, Daniel; Robinson, Daniel (eds.). 1272: 664:labelled it as such, and poet and critic 417:, consisting of translated selections on 255:Smith signed herself "Charlotte Smith of 2322:Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA) 2252:The Collected Letters of Charlotte Smith 1140: 1138: 1385: 1185: 1178: 1160: 1134: 457:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2249:Stanton, Judith Phillips, ed. (2003). 1981:Charlotte Smith in British Romanticism 1652:. Pickering & Chatto / Routledge. 1602:The Works of Charlotte Smith (14 vols) 1581:. Women Writers in English 1350–1850. 1469: 1465: 1453: 1441: 1397: 1350: 1319: 1025:Ethelinde; or the Recluse of the Lake 1018:Emmeline; or The Orphan of the Castle 27:English poet and novelist (1749–1806) 7: 2484:British Women Romantic Poets Project 1429: 2696:People from the Borough of Waverley 1412: 996:Written on a port on a dark evening 613:Smith became involved with English 2656:19th-century English women writers 2646:18th-century British women writers 2159:(5). Taylor and Francis: 629–648. 25: 2473:University of Nebraska at Lincoln 2336:Works by or about Charlotte Smith 1979:Labbe, Jacqueline M, ed. (2008). 1933:Labbe, Jacqueline M, ed. (2002). 1910:; Haycraft, Howard, eds. (1952). 1547:from the original on 13 Oct 2003. 124: 2352: 2069:Peacock, Markham Lovick (1969). 2057:Peacock, Markham Lovick (1950). 1610:Volume Editors: Adriana Craciun, 1122:Conversations Introducing Poetry 928:and famous political economist, 783:Conversations Introducing Poetry 2327:Works by Charlotte Turner Smith 2661:19th-century English novelists 2651:18th-century English novelists 2572:(1791, second edition), Vol. 1 2517:Letters of a Solitary Wanderer 2511:A Celebration of Women Writers 1941:. Charlotte Smith. Broadview. 1516:. Vol. 11. Philadelphia: 1116:Letters Of A Solitary Wanderer 900:Legacy and critical reputation 807:for many years (it was likely 761:Letters of a Solitary Wanderer 631:France and Britain went to war 247:Marriage and first publication 1: 2540:(1789, third edition), Vol. 1 2496:Beachy Head; With Other Poems 2113:Radcliffe, David Hill (ed.). 1834:Nineteenth-Century Literature 1782:Hoeveler, Diane Long (1998). 1353:, Introduction p. 17, note 3. 2459:Resources in other libraries 2435:Resources in other libraries 2303:UK public library membership 2165:10.1080/10509585.2014.938230 1956:Labbe, Jacqueline M (2003). 1600:Curran, Stuart, ed. (2005). 1577:The Poems of Charlotte Smith 648:American War of Independence 602:. She eventually settled at 2706:18th-century English people 2691:Writers of the Romantic era 2443:By Charlotte Smith (writer) 2351:(public domain audiobooks) 2282:Zimmerman, Sarah M (2007). 2119:. English Poetry 1579–1830. 1003:Beachy Head and Other Poems 792:Beachy Head and Other Poems 668:chose it for her anthology 307:(the family later moved to 2727: 2701:18th-century English women 1998:Oneț, Alina-Elena (2015). 1857:Kelley, Theresa M (2012). 787:A Natural History of Birds 202:praised the ideals of the 2686:Writers of Gothic fiction 2454:Resources in your library 2430:Resources in your library 2226:Sodeman, Melissa (2014). 1850:10.1525/ncl.2004.59.3.281 1680:Miscellaneous Prose Works 1552:Craciun, Adriana (2005). 1537:The Literary Encyclopedia 1510:Bennet, John (Jan 1792). 1055:The Wanderings of Warwick 942:The Literary Encyclopedia 763:(1801–1802) and the play 698:Richard Brinsley Sheridan 536:The Literary Encyclopedia 493:The Wanderings of Warwick 419:François Gayot de Pitaval 41: 2421:Charlotte Smith (writer) 2345:Works by Charlotte Smith 2153:European Romantic Review 2124:Roberts, Bethan (2019). 1880:Klekar, Cynthia (2007). 1691:Fry, Carrol Lee (1996). 1495:(9th ed.). Norton. 877:) and Lady Londonderry. 415:The Romance of Real Life 2666:English women novelists 2533:at the Internet Archive 2469:Selected works of Smith 2034:Pascoe, Judith (1997). 1908:Kunitz, Stanley Jasspon 1573:Curran, Stuart (1993). 1513:Letters to a young Lady 934:Thomas Cadell the elder 682:Samuel Taylor Coleridge 529:Smith's novels include 317:plantations in Barbados 263:, claiming the role of 259:" on the title page of 190:. Later novels such as 2489:"The Emigrants" (1793) 2479:Elegiac Sonnets (1827) 2296:10.1093/ref:odnb/25790 1892:Philological Quarterly 1805:Keane, Angela (2001). 1539:. Vol. 1.2.1.06: 666:Anna Laetitia Barbauld 555: 402: 284:and a director of the 268: 18:Charlotte Turner Smith 2618:The Young Philosopher 2591:Wanderings of Warwick 2090:Pinch, Adela (1997). 2067:, later published as 1734:10.1353/elh.2014.0033 1525:Blank, Antje (2003). 1083:The Young Philosopher 909:of her time such as, 688:, lawyer and radical 684:, scientist and poet 670:The British Novelists 652:The Young Philosopher 552:The Young Philosopher 550: 511:The Young Philosopher 400: 356:Jarndyce and Jarndyce 254: 170:School of Sensibility 2019:. pp. 193–209. 2004:Revista Transilvania 1487:Abrams, Meyer Howard 954:social problem novel 882:Joseph Cooper Walker 867:Joseph Cooper Walker 809:rheumatoid arthritis 803:Smith complained of 737:Gentleman's Magazine 282:West Indian merchant 2711:Writers from London 2671:English women poets 2613:at Internet Archive 2604:at Internet Archive 2595:at Internet Archive 2586:at Internet Archive 2565:at Internet Archive 2505:The Old Manor House 2397:Library of Congress 1937:The Old Manor House 1338:13 May 2018 at the 1048:The Old Manor House 725:The Critical Review 707:Anti-Jacobin Review 658:The Old Manor House 644:The Old Manor House 488:The Old Manor House 369:King's Bench Prison 326:The Old Manor House 199:The Old Manor House 2405:at Delphi Classics 1767:10.1353/pan.0.0183 1198:Abrams et al. 2012 911:William Wordsworth 749:Universal Magazine 556: 403: 286:East India Company 269: 2416:Library resources 2331:Project Gutenberg 2301:(Subscription or 2284:Smith , Charlotte 2135:978-1-78962-017-7 2082:978-0-374-96327-9 2075:. Octagon Books. 1676:"Charlotte Smith" 1668:Dorset, Catherine 1634:Jacqueline Labbe, 1604:. Vol. Part 1528:"Charlotte Smith" 1090:Educational works 930:Francis Edgeworth 863:Henrietta O'Neill 799:Illness and death 731:European Magazine 713:Analytical Review 522:and the novel of 515:French Revolution 393:Novelist and poet 323:in works such as 321:criticize slavery 204:French Revolution 143: 142: 108:Poet and novelist 16:(Redirected from 2718: 2555:Internet Archive 2523:Internet Archive 2384: 2373: 2362: 2356: 2355: 2340:Internet Archive 2306: 2299: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2268: 2262:. Archived from 2257: 2245: 2222: 2220: 2214: 2204:Smith, Charlotte 2199: 2197: 2191: 2181:Smith, Charlotte 2176: 2139: 2120: 2109: 2086: 2066: 2053: 2030: 2007: 1994: 1975: 1952: 1940: 1929: 1917: 1903: 1889: 1876: 1853: 1824: 1801: 1778: 1745: 1710: 1698: 1687: 1685: 1663: 1651: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1619:Elizabeth Dolan, 1617: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1596: 1580: 1569: 1548: 1530: 1521: 1506: 1473: 1463: 1457: 1451: 1445: 1439: 1433: 1427: 1416: 1410: 1401: 1395: 1389: 1383: 1354: 1348: 1342: 1329: 1323: 1317: 1276: 1270: 1201: 1195: 1189: 1183: 1167: 1158: 1145: 1142: 1061:The Banished Man 743:Monthly Magazine 623:epistolary novel 621:principles. Her 531:autobiographical 497:The Banished Man 432:Woolbeding House 340:gentleman farmer 167: 165: 159: 157: 91: 71: 69: 63:Charlotte Turner 46: 32: 21: 2726: 2725: 2721: 2720: 2719: 2717: 2716: 2715: 2626: 2625: 2622:at Google Books 2465: 2464: 2463: 2440: 2439: 2424: 2423: 2419: 2393:Charlotte Smith 2382: 2371: 2360: 2353: 2318:Charlotte Smith 2314: 2309: 2300: 2281: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2255: 2248: 2242: 2225: 2216: 2212: 2202: 2193: 2189: 2179: 2142: 2136: 2123: 2112: 2106: 2089: 2083: 2068: 2056: 2050: 2033: 2027: 2017:Pennsylvania UP 2010: 1997: 1991: 1978: 1972: 1955: 1949: 1932: 1926: 1906: 1879: 1873: 1856: 1827: 1821: 1804: 1798: 1781: 1748: 1713: 1707: 1695:Charlotte Smith 1690: 1683: 1666: 1660: 1650:Kristina Straub 1649: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1605: 1599: 1593: 1572: 1566: 1551: 1524: 1518:American Museum 1509: 1503: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1464: 1460: 1452: 1448: 1440: 1436: 1428: 1419: 1411: 1404: 1396: 1392: 1384: 1357: 1349: 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2022: 2018: 2014: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1996: 1992: 1986: 1982: 1977: 1973: 1967: 1963: 1962:Manchester UP 1959: 1954: 1950: 1944: 1939: 1938: 1931: 1927: 1921: 1916: 1915: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1888: 1886: 1878: 1874: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1826: 1822: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1799: 1793: 1789: 1788:Penn State UP 1785: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1718: 1712: 1708: 1702: 1697: 1696: 1689: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1672:Scott, Walter 1669: 1665: 1661: 1655: 1603: 1598: 1594: 1588: 1584: 1579: 1578: 1571: 1567: 1561: 1557: 1556: 1550: 1546: 1543:, 1789–1837. 1542: 1538: 1534: 1529: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1514: 1508: 1504: 1498: 1494: 1493: 1488: 1484: 1483: 1478: 1471: 1467: 1462: 1459: 1455: 1450: 1447: 1443: 1438: 1435: 1431: 1426: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1394: 1391: 1387: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1376: 1374: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1347: 1344: 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Wilson. 1902:: 269–289. 1351:Labbe 2002 1320:Blank 2003 1174:References 1163:, quoting 1068:Montalbert 915:John Keats 886:Sarah Rose 849:John Locke 817:Stoke Park 746:, and the 619:republican 594:, London, 501:Montalbert 235:Kensington 227:Chichester 214:Early life 164:1806-10-28 156:1749-05-04 105:Occupation 72:4 May 1749 68:1749-05-04 2609:Marchmont 2570:Celestina 2561:Ethelinde 2206:(1804b). 2183:(1804a). 2173:145513731 2149:Celestina 1775:144555993 1742:161287287 1430:Oneț 2015 1076:Marchmont 1032:Celestina 871:Dr. Moore 843:Diderot, 821:Guildford 694:Mary Hays 506:Marchmont 476:Celestina 471:Ethelinde 344:Hampshire 313:Tottenham 309:Southgate 305:Cheapside 2538:Emmeline 2349:LibriVox 2145:Emmeline 1885:Emmeline 1674:(1827). 1545:Archived 1413:Fry 1996 1336:Archived 982:" (1797) 905:popular 841:Voltaire 837:Rousseau 777:(1796), 773:(1795), 680:), poet 615:radicals 588:Weymouth 572:Brighton 541:Emmeline 503:(1795), 499:(1794), 495:(1794), 491:(1793), 485:(1792), 479:(1791), 473:(1789), 466:Emmeline 436:Midhurst 352:chancery 348:Bramdean 335:(1807). 208:Romantic 2521:at the 2482:at the 2471:at the 2388:YouTube 2377:YouTube 2366:YouTube 2338:at the 2320:at the 1900:Iowa UP 1040:Desmond 975:(1784) 819:, near 813:Tilford 640:Desmond 626:Desmond 604:Tilford 600:Elstead 584:Exmouth 482:Desmond 383:sonnets 193:Desmond 116:English 95:Tilford 2620:(1798) 2611:(1796) 2602:(1795) 2593:(1794) 2582:, and 2580:Vol. 3 2576:Vol. 2 2563:(1789) 2551:Vol. 4 2549:, and 2547:Vol. 3 2544:Vol. 2 2519:(1802) 2507:(1793) 2498:(1807) 2418:about 2238: 2171: 2132: 2102: 2079: 2046: 2023: 1987: 1968: 1945: 1922: 1869: 1817: 1794: 1773: 1740: 1703: 1656: 1648:& 1589: 1562: 1499: 1124:(1804) 1118:(1800) 1112:(1798) 1106:(1796) 1100:(1795) 1085:(1798) 1079:(1796) 1071:(1795) 1063:(1794) 1057:(1794) 1051:(1793) 1043:(1792) 1035:(1791) 1027:(1789) 1021:(1788) 1011:Novels 1006:(1807) 998:(1800) 992:(1793) 965:Poetry 847:, and 740:, the 734:, the 728:, the 716:, the 710:, the 608:Surrey 598:, and 592:Oxford 440:Sussex 298:Lionel 172:whose 150:Turner 75:London 2584:Vol.4 2531:(1795 2410:Works 2273:8 Jan 2267:(PDF) 2256:(PDF) 2213:(PDF) 2190:(PDF) 2169:S2CID 1898:(3). 1840:(3). 1771:S2CID 1757:(2). 1738:S2CID 1724:(3). 1531:. In 1129:Notes 596:Frant 434:near 148:(née 2275:2020 2236:ISBN 2147:and 2130:ISBN 2100:ISBN 2077:ISBN 2063:JHUP 2044:ISBN 2021:ISBN 1985:ISBN 1966:ISBN 1943:ISBN 1920:ISBN 1867:ISBN 1863:JHUP 1815:ISBN 1792:ISBN 1759:JHUP 1726:JHUP 1701:ISBN 1654:ISBN 1587:ISBN 1560:ISBN 1497:ISBN 913:and 805:gout 580:Bath 371:, a 311:and 196:and 85:Died 60:Born 2553:at 2509:at 2395:at 2386:on 2375:on 2364:on 2347:at 2329:at 2292:doi 2288:OUP 2161:doi 2151:". 1846:doi 1832:". 1811:CUP 1763:doi 1730:doi 1717:ELH 1583:OUP 342:in 51:by 2632:: 2578:, 2574:, 2542:, 2290:. 2286:. 2258:. 2234:. 2230:. 2218:II 2167:. 2157:25 2155:. 2098:. 2094:. 2042:. 2038:. 2015:. 2002:. 1964:. 1960:. 1896:86 1894:. 1890:. 1865:. 1861:. 1838:59 1836:. 1813:. 1790:. 1786:. 1769:. 1753:. 1736:. 1722:81 1720:. 1684:IV 1678:. 1670:; 1585:. 1468:; 1420:^ 1405:^ 1358:^ 1334:. 1280:^ 1205:^ 1149:^ 1137:^ 861:, 839:, 752:. 722:, 610:. 606:, 590:, 586:, 582:, 578:, 574:, 526:. 438:, 364:. 152:; 97:, 77:, 2298:. 2294:: 2277:. 2244:. 2195:I 2175:. 2163:: 2138:. 2108:. 2085:. 2052:. 2029:. 1993:. 1974:. 1951:. 1928:. 1887:" 1875:. 1852:. 1848:: 1823:. 1800:. 1777:. 1765:: 1755:8 1744:. 1732:: 1709:. 1662:. 1606:I 1595:. 1568:. 1520:. 1505:. 1472:. 1456:. 1432:. 1415:. 1400:. 1388:. 1322:. 1275:. 978:" 267:. 166:) 162:( 158:) 154:( 70:) 66:( 20:)

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