Chavacano - Knowledge (XXG)

4447:'el' basically precedes every singular noun. However, this rule is not rigid (especially in Zamboangueño) because the formal vocabulary mode wherein Spanish words predominate almost always is the preferred mode especially in writing. The Spanish article 'la' for feminine singular nouns does exist in Chavacano, though it occurs rarely and mostly in the formal medium of writing, such as poems and lyrics. When accompanying a Spanish feminine noun, the 'la' as the article is more tolerated than acceptable. Among the few exceptions where the 'la' occurs is as a formal prefix when addressing the Blessed Virgin Mary, perhaps more as an emphasis of her importance in Christian devotion. But the real article is still the 'el', which makes this use of a "double article" quite unique. Thus it is common to hear the Blessed Virgin addressed in Chavacano as 'el La Virgen Maria' (the "L" of the 'la' capitalized to signify its permanent position within the noun compound). In general, though, when in doubt, the article 'el' is always safe to use. Compare: 1087:

use of Spanish in the Philippines which was more successful as a written language than a spoken language. In recent years, there have been efforts to encourage the use of Chavacano as a written language, but the attempts were mostly minor attempts in folklore and religious literature and few pieces of written materials by the print media. In Zamboanga City, while the language is used by the mass media, the Catholic Church, education, and the local government, there have been few literary work written in Zamboangueño and access to these resources by the general public isn't readily available; Bibles of Protestant Christians are also written in standard Chavacano. As Chavacano is spoken by Muslims as second language not only in Zamboanga City and Basilan but even in Sulu and Tawi-tawi, a number of

1325:, notes that "In Cavite and in its suburb of San Roque, a very corrupted Spanish is spoken, whose phraseology is entirely taken from the language of the country". Mentions of a vernacular referred to as "kitchen Spanish" and "language of the market" (referring to the Manila variety), or other terms are found in a number of texts of the 19th century. However, the kind of vernacular referred to by these terms are imprecise and these terms may refer to a fully fledged creole or to a Spanish-pidgin spoken by Chinese and Filipino merchants. 1313:) have formed at various points in time around the world due to colonialism. As a result of contact between speakers of two mutually non-intelligible languages, creole languages have evolved in some cases to facilitate communication. This usually involves taking the vocabulary of another language and grammatical features of the native language. In contrast to the numerous French-based creole languages, only three creole languages have been found to be Spanish-based or heavily influenced: 6784:

certain modern Cavite Chabacano words reflects an earlier period when those processes were more common in the Spanish of Cavite. According to Lipski (1986), the earlier variety of Spanish spoken in the Philippines had Mexican and Andalusian Spanish features, including /s/ aspiration, but in the late 1800s a more conservative non-aspirating variety of Peninsular Spanish was spoken there. As a result, certain Cavite Chabacano words have aspiration or deletion while others do not.

2701: 1321:, and Chavacano. In the Philippines, a major difficulty in tracing the development of Chabacano is the confusion attributed to in accounts of travelers to the Philippines between a coherent creole language, `broken Spanish', and fluent Spanish. The earliest believed attestation of a coherent creole language spoken in Cavite City comes from the Augustinian priest Martínez de Zúñiga who in his 1803 accounts of his travels in the Philippines, 1457: 1414: 246: 4769:

singular form of the noun. Maga comes from the native Hiligaynon 'maga' or the Tagalog 'mga'. The formation of the Chavacano plural form of the noun (el + maga/mana + singular noun form) applies whether in common, familiar or formal mode. It may be thought of as roughly equivalent to saying in English, "the many (noun)" instead of "the (noun)s", and in fact "the many (noun)s" is used more in

762:. Zamboangueño Chavacano is the most dynamically spoken language of Philippine Creole Spanish. It is used as a lingua franca between both Muslim and Christians in the Southwestern Mindanao and Basilan Islands communities. Its influence has spread to other islands in the west, such as the Jolo Islands, as well as to Cotabato and Davao in Mindanao. The other varieties of Chavacano with 425: 948:, Davao, and in Cotabato City. According to the official 2000 Philippine census, there were altogether 607,200 Chavacano speakers in the Philippines in that same year. The exact figure could be higher as the 2000 population of Zamboanga City, whose main language is Chavacano, far exceeded that census figure. Also, the figure doesn't include Chavacano speakers of the 6449:"En denantes" which means 'a while ago' (Spanish: "hace un tiempo"). Take note that "En denantes" is an archaic Spanish phrase. Modern Spanish would express the phrase as "hace poco tiempo" or "hace un tiempo", but Chabacano still retains this archaic Spanish phrase and many other archaic Spanish words. This word is still being used in some areas of southern Spain. 1074:. As a result of Spanish colonization, according to a genetic study written by Maxmilian Larena, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, the Philippine ethnic groups with the highest amount of Spanish/European descent are the Chavacanos, with 4 out of 10 Chavacanos having detectable Spanish descent, followed by 1103:. Starting school year 2012–13, the Zamboangueño variant has also been taught at schools following the implementation of the Department of Education's policy of Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE). It serves as a medium of instruction from kindergarten to grade 3 and as a separate subject (Mother Tongue) from grades 1 to 3. 3844:

Chavacano newswriters who translate news leads from English or Tagalog to Chavacano where the "who" is emphasized more than the "what". Because the mass media represent "legitimacy", it is understood by Chavacano speakers (particularly Zamboangueños) that the S-V-O sentence structure used by Chavacano journalists is standardized.

1191:

city, the newly organized Chavacano Orthography Council met with the officials of the Department of Education and agreed among others that the language is to be spelled with the V. Most people in support of this move would like to distance their language Chavacano to the word Chabacano which also means ‘vulgar” in Spanish.

7393: 5122:

In contrast to the other varieties of Chavacano, the variety spoken in Zamboanga uses more pronouns derived from a native Philippine language (I.e. Hiligaynon) in addition to Spanish. In Zamboangueño, there are three different levels of usage for certain pronouns depending on the level of familiarity

4564:

And just like Spanish, Chavacano nouns can have gender but only when referring to persons. However, they are always masculine in the sense (Spanish context) that they are generally preceded by the article 'el'. Places and things are almost always masculine. The -o is dropped in masculine nouns and -a

2748:

in education and the media as the national language, Filipino's orthography has affected how certain persons might spell Chavacano, especially since recent generations have grown unfamiliar with Spanish orthography; Most published works, and the general media, however, more often retain Spanish-based

2311:

In the common, colloquial, vulgar or familiar register/sociolect, words of local origin or a mixture of local and Spanish words predominate. The common or familiar register is used ordinarily when conversing with people of equal or lower status in society. It is also used more commonly in the family,

1778:

Treinta y cuatro kilometro desde el pueblo de Zamboanga el Bunguiao, un diutay barrio que estaba un desierto. No hay gente quien ta queda aquí antes. Abundante este lugar de maga animales particularmente maga puerco 'e monte, gatorgalla, venao y otro más pa. Solamente maga pajariadores lang ta visitá

1086:

Chavacano has been primarily and practically a spoken language. In the past, its use in literature was limited and chiefly local to the geographical location where the particular variety of the language was spoken. Its use as a spoken language far exceeds its use in literary work in comparison to the

727:

words in Zamboangueño Chavacano are actually Hiligaynon. Although Zamboangueño Chavacano's contact with Bisaya began much earlier when Bisaya soldiers were stationed at Fort Pilar during the Spanish colonial period, it was not until closer to the middle of the 20th century that borrowings from Bisaya

6783:

Cavite Chabacano /s/ occurs in onset or coda, but there is some vestigial aspiration or deletion that occurs in final position. The aspiration or deletion of coda /s/ is widespread in southern Peninsular and Latin American Spanish dialects (Hualde 2005:161-165), and the occurrence of this feature in

6465:

The pronoun "vos" is alive in Chavacano. While "vos" was used in the highest form of respect before the 16th century in classical Spanish and is quite archaic nowadays in modern Spanish (much like the English "thou"), in Chavacano it is used at the common level of usage (lower than tu, which is used

2743:

than a written one, multiple ways of writing the different varieties of Chavacano exist. Most published Chavacano texts utilize spelling systems nearly identical to Spanish, adjusting certain spellings of words to reflect how they are pronounced by native Chavacano speakers. Since the propagation of

1947:

Nosotros podemos decir qué grandes sacrificios ofrecieron nuestros héroes para obtener nuestra independencia. Entonces, no nos olvidemos de ellos. ¿Cómo lo logramos? Necesitamos hacer cosas para que sepan que apreciamos a nuestros héroes; que estamos preparados también a sacrificarnos por el pueblo.

3843:

order does exist in Chavacano but only for emphasis purposes (see below). New generations have been slowly and vigorously using the S-V-O pattern mainly because of the influence of the English language. These recent practices have been most prevalent and evident in the mass media particularly among

1886:

According to Keith Whinnom's "Spanish contact vernaculars in the Philippine Islands" (1956), there were reportedly still an estimated 12,000 speakers in 1942 of Ermitaño. After World War II, much of Manila was destroyed and its citizens displaced. This variety is considered to be virtually extinct.

1094:

The Zamboangueño variety has been constantly evolving especially during half of the past century until the present. Zamboangueño has been experiencing an infusion of English and more Tagalog words and from other languages worldwide in its vocabulary and there have been debates and discussions among

4768:

In Chavacano, plural nouns (whether masculine or feminine in Spanish context) are preceded by the retained singular masculine Spanish article 'el'. The Spanish articles 'los' and 'las' have almost disappeared. They have been replaced by the modifier (a plural marker) 'maga/mana' which precedes the

3361:

Some sounds are not represented in the Chavacano written language. These sounds are mostly in words of Philippine and foreign origin. Furthermore, the pronunciation of some words of Spanish origin have become distorted or Philippinized in modern Chavacano. Some vowels have become allophonized ('e'

1555:

to Spain within late 1700s (Sulu Sultanate gave up Basilan to Spain in 1762, while Sulu and Tawi-tawi were not given up by sultanate because the Sulu Sultanate only recognised partial Spanish sovereignty to Sulu and Tawi-tawi), Spanish settlers and soldiers brought the language to the region until

1186:

Chavacano/Chabacano speakers themselves have different preferences on whether to spell the language with a V or a B. They emphasise the difference between their variety and others using their own geographical location as a point of reference. Language speakers in Ternate also use the term Bahra to

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which can be further divided into two geographic classifications: Manila Bay Creoles (which includes Ternateño and Caviteño) and Mindanao Creole (including Zamboangueño). The varieties of the language are geographically related. The Manila Bay Creoles have Tagalog as their substrate language while

1959:

We can say what great sacrifices our heroes have done to achieve our independence. We should therefore not forget them. How do we do that? We should do things to let it be known that we appreciate the heroes; that we are prepared to make sacrifices for our people. How? Should we write novels like

1519:

The military authorities decided to import labour from Luzon and the Visayas. Thus, the construction workforce eventually consisted of Spanish, Mexican and Peruvian soldiers, masons from Cavite (who comprised the majority), sacadas from Cebu and Iloilo, and those from the various local tribes of

1190:

In Zamboanga City, most people are using the V in spelling the language as Chavacano. In the three-day Chavacano Orthography Congress held on Nov 19–21, 2014, wherein it included the presentation by researchers on Chavacano, mostly results from surveys conducted among selected respondents in the

5016:

In general, the suffixes -s, -as, -os to pluralize nouns in Spanish have also almost disappeared in Chavacano. However, the formation of plural nouns with suffixes ending in -s, -as, and -os are accepted. Basically, the singular form of the noun is retained, and it becomes plural because of the

2756:

in Zamboanga, an etymological-based approach was formally recently endorsed by the local city government and this is the system used in public schools as part of the mother-tongue policy of the Department of Education for kindergarten to grade 3. In principle, words of Spanish origin are to be

1523:

Language differences made it difficult for one ethnic group to communicate with another. To add to this, work instructions were issued in Spanish. The majority of the workers were unschooled and therefore did not understand Spanish but needed to communicate with each other and the Spaniards. A

1935:

Puede nisós hablá: que grande nga palá el sacrificio del mga héroes para niso independencia. Debe nga palá no niso ulvida con ilos. Ansina ya ba numa? Debe hací niso mga cosa para dale sabí que ta aprecia niso con el mga héroes. Que preparáo din niso hací sacrificio para el pueblo. ¿Qué laya?

1782:

El Bunguiao, a treinta y cuatro kilómetros desde el pueblo de Zamboanga, es un pequeño barrio que una vez fue un área salvaje. No había gente que se quedara a vivir ahí. En este lugar había en abundancia animales salvajes tales como cerdos, gatos monteses, venados, y otros más. Este lugar era

1106:

Because of the grammatical structures, Castilian usage, and archaic Spanish words and phrases that Chavacano (especially Zamboangueño) uses, between speakers of both contemporary Spanish and Chavacano who are uninitiated, both languages appear to be non-intelligible to a large extent. For the

2752:

The kind of writing system used to write Chavacano may differ according to the writer of the text. Writing may be written using a Spanish-derived writing system, where all words (including words of local origin) are spelled adhering to basic Spanish orthographic rules; it may also be written

2315:

In the formal register/sociolect, words of Spanish origin or Spanish words predominate. The formal register is used especially when conversing with people of higher status in society. It is also used when conversing with elders (especially in the family and with older relatives) and those in

1305:

of the Philippine islands had led to the presence of the Spanish language in the islands. Though Spanish was the language of the government, the various languages originating and found in the islands remained the mother tongue of the various inhabitants. Instead of using Spanish to spread

7394:

http://www.evri.com/media/article;jsessionid=ud7mj8tleegi?title=Home+%7C+Zamboanga+ChavacanoZamboanga+Chavacano+%7C+by+Jose+Genaro+...&page=http://www.josegenaroyapaizon.com/&referring_uri=/location/chavacano-language-0x398c30%3Bjsessionid%3Dud7mj8tleegi&referring_title=Evri

5585:

In Zamboangueño, Chavacano verbs are mostly Spanish in origin. In contrast with the other varieties, there is rarely a Zamboangueño verb that is based on or has its origin from other Philippine languages. Hence, verbs contribute much of the Spanish vocabulary in Chavacano de Zamboanga.

715:

fields to reduce the local population's dependence on the Donativo de Zamboanga, the Spanish colonial government levied taxes on the islanders to support the fort's operations. With the subsequent migration of Ilonggo traders to Zamboanga, the Zamboangueño Chavacano was infused with

6205:

can appear before and after the verb respectively to express that the action was expected to happen in the past (but did not happen), is still expected to happen in the present, and actually the expectation has been met (the verb occurs in the present). And third, a verb between

1400:

Linguists are unsettled about how these vernaculars formed and how they connect to one another, if any. There are many theories, but the two main theories of the origin of Chavacano are Whinnom's "monogenetic theory" and a "parallel-development" theory proposed by Frake in 1971.

1915:

Additionally Ternateño incorporates alternate language forms for different participles to denote the relationship with the individual being the speaker as well as the listener. This includes polite as well as casual foundations of speech, for example, yo (casual) versus (éle).

1306:

Christianity, Spanish missionaries preferred to learn the various local languages. With over 300 years of Spanish colonial rule, the Spanish language came to influence the various Philippine languages to varying degrees by way of aspects like new loanwords and expressions.

4776:

There are some Chavacano speakers (especially older Caviteño or Zamboangueño speakers) who would tend to say 'mana' for 'maga'. 'Mana' is accepted and quite common, especially among older speakers, but when in doubt, the modifier 'maga' to pluralize nouns is safer to use.

6459:

In Chavacano, the Spanish language is commonly called "castellano". Chavacano speakers, especially older Zamboangueños, call the language as "castellano" implying the original notion as the language of Castille while "español" is used to mean a Spaniard or a person from

2753:"phonetically", similar to the modern orthography of Filipino; another writing style uses a mixture of the two, spelling words based on an etymological approach, using phonetic spelling for words of Filipino origin and Spanish spelling rules for words of Spanish origin. 2316:

authority. It is more commonly used by older generations, by Zamboangueño mestizos, and in the barrios. It is the form used in speeches, education, media, and writing. The formal register used in conversation is sometimes mixed with some degree of colloquial register.

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origins, and when used as pronouns, they are of either the common or familiar mode. The inclusive and exclusive characteristics peculiar to Zamboangueño appear again in the 1st person plural. Below is a table of the possessive pronouns in the Chavacano de Zamboanga:

686:

There are a number of theories on how these different varieties of Chavacano have evolved and how they are related to one another. According to some linguists, Zamboangueño Chavacano is believed to have been influenced by Caviteño Chabacano as evidenced by prominent

1881:

Ta sumí el sol na fondo del mar, y el mar, callao el boca. Ta jugá con su mana marejadas com'un muchacha nerviosa con su mana pulseras. El viento no mas el que ta alborota, el viento y el pecho de Felisa que ta lleno de sampaguitas na fuera y lleno de suspiros na

3399:

Glottal stops, as in Filipino languages, are not also indicated (â, ê, î, ô, û). These sounds are mainly found in words of Philippine origin and are only indicated in dictionaries (i.e. jendê = not; olê = again) and when they are, the circumflex accent is used.

1131:

which literally means "poor taste", "vulgar", "common", "of low quality", or "coarse". Chavacano has since evolved into a word of its own in different spellings with no negative connotation, but to simply being the name of the language itself (Banquicio, 2021).

1906:

Ternateño follows a pronominal system of three different pronouns, including subjects, objects and possession. The system follows the same pattern as Spanish, including both singular and plural conjugations based on what the speaker is explaining. For example

5139:

are used to address a person below or of equal social or family status or to someone is who is acquainted. The common forms are used to regard no formality or courtesy in conversation. Its use can also mean rudeness, impoliteness or offensiveness. The

1786:

Bunguiao, a small village, thirty four kilometers from the city of Zamboanga, was once a wilderness. No people lived here. The place abounded with wild animals such as pigs, wildcats, deer, and still others. The place was visited only by bird hunters.

6492:

On the other hand, some words from the language spoken in Spain have evolved or have acquired totally different meanings in Chavacano. Hence, for Castillian speakers who would encounter Chavacano speakers, some words familiar to them have become

1151:" (language of the kitchen) to refer to the Chabacano spoken by the people of Manila, particularly in Ermita) to distinguish it from the Spanish language spoken by those of the upper class, which consisted of Spaniards and educated Natives. 1095:

older Chavacano speakers, new generation of Chavacano speakers, scholars, linguists, sociologists, historians, and educators regarding its preservation, cultivation, standardization, and its future as a Spanish-based creole. In 2000, The

3941:(which means ’no’ or ’never’) to negate the verb that will not or will never happen in the future respectively. This manner of negating the predicate always happens in the verb–subject–object or verb–object–subject sentence structure: 6470:

and in the same manner as in certain Latin American countries such as Argentina (informally and in contrast with usted, which is used formally). Chavacano followed the development of vos in same manner as in Latin America – (the

1973:

Below are samples of dialogues and sentences of Davaoeño in two spoken forms: Castellano Abakay Chino (Chinese style) by the Chinese speakers of Chabacano and Castellano Abakay Japon (Japanese style) by the Japanese speakers.

910:. In spite of this, it's difficult to trace whether these words have their origin in the local population or in Spanish itself, given that Spanish has about 6,000 words of Arabic origin. Chavacano also contains loanwords of 1389:, he presents fragments of texts and comments of what he calls "Malayo-Spanish". However, the first to give a general study and investigation of the varieties of Chavacano as a group was by Keith Whinnom in his 1956 work 5012:

But note that in some cases, this "reduplication" signifies a difference in meaning. For example, 'el maga bata' means 'the children' but 'el maga bata-bata' means one's followers or subordinates, as is a gang or mob.

952:. All the same, Zamboangueño is the variety with the most number of speakers, being the official language of Zamboanga City whose population is now believed to be over a million; is also an official language in Basilan. 1515:

and the determination to spread Christianity further south (as Zamboanga was a crucial strategic location) of the Philippines forced the Spanish missionary friars to request reinforcements from the colonial government.

4329:

stays constant for gender as 'una' has almost completely disappeared in Chavacano, except for some phrases like "una vez". It also stays constant for number as for singular nouns. In Chavacano, it is quite common for

1107:

initiated speakers, Chavacano can be intelligible to some Spanish speakers, and while most Spanish words can easily be understood by Chavacano speakers, many would struggle to understand a complete Spanish sentence.

345:, then governor of Panama, and also responsible for settling Zamboanga City by employing Peruvian soldiers and colonists. There was an Asian-American route, which led to traders and adventurers carrying silver from 4894:

Again, this rule is not rigid (especially in the Zamboangueño formal mode). The articles 'los' or 'las' do exist sometimes before nouns that are pluralized in the Spanish manner, and their use is quite accepted:

1678:

after the island of Ternate in the Moluccas, and the descendants of the Merdicas continue to use their Spanish creole (with Portuguese influence), which has come to be known as Caviteño or Ternateño Chavacano.

2308:: The common, colloquial, vulgar or familiar and the formal register/sociolects. Broadly speaking, the formal register is closer to Spanish, and the colloquial register to the local Austronesian languages. 6454:"Masquen"/"Masquin" means 'even (if)' or 'although'. In Spanish, "mas que" is a somewhat out of fashion Spanish phrase meaning 'although', nowadays replaced by the Spanish word "aunque" most of the time. 6501:"Siguro"/"Seguro" means 'maybe'. In Spanish, "seguro" means 'sure', 'secure', or 'stable', although it could imply probability as well, as in the phrase, "Seguramente vendrá" (Probably he will come). 3929:(from Tagalog ’hindi’ or Hiligaynon 'indi' which means ’no’; the Cebuano uses 'dili', which shows its remoteness from Chavacano as compared to Hiligaynon) to negate the verb in the present tense, 7950: 2088:

English: Doesn't Florentino have any shame? He went to visit his girlfriend and ate dinner there. Her father scolds him a lot. That Florentino has no job. What will he provide for his wife then?

4682:

Not all nouns referring to persons can become feminine nouns. In Chavacano, some names of persons are masculine (because of the preceding article 'el' in Spanish context) but do not end in -o.

1393:. Whinnom gives an overall view of the history and grammar of what he calls "Ermitaño" of Ermita in Manila, "Caviteño" of Cavite and "Zamboangueño" of Zamboanga. In it, he also postulates his 2085:

Spanish: ¿Que Florentino no tiene vergüenza? Fue a visitar a su novia, y comió allí. El padre de su novia lo regaña mucho. Florentino no tiene trabajo. ¿Qué le proveerá a su esposa después?

6193:

can appear both before and after the main verb to express that in the present perspective, the action has already been completed somewhere in the past with the accent falling on the final

2082:¿Ese ba Tinong (Florentino) no hay vergüenza? Anda visita casa ese novia, comé ya allí. Ese papa de iya novia, regañá mucho. Ese Tinong, no hay colocación. ¿Cosa dale comé esposa después? 7476: 8136: 1444:

According to the monogenetic theory or one-way theory advanced by Whinnom, all varieties of Chavacano result from a single source, and all such varieties are related to each other.

5144:

are used to address someone of equal social or family status. It indicates courteousness, and is commonly used in public conversations, the broadcast media, and in education. The

1674:

The invasion did not occur as Koxinga fell ill and died. The Merdicas' community eventually integrated into the local population. Today, the location of the community is called

1568:

that recognised Spanish rule of Sulu Archipelago. Chavacano becomes a lingua franca of Sulu Archipelago (composing of Sulu, Tawi-tawi, Basilan), as these were formerly part of

2060:

Ako (yo) hablá ese esposa mio, paciencia plimelo (primero). Cuando male negocio, comé nugaw (lugaw – puré de arroz). Pero, cuando bueno negocio, katáy (carnear) manok (pollo).

4729:

Names of places and things can be either masculine or feminine, but they are considered masculine in the Spanish context because the article 'el' always precedes the noun:

4265:

before the subject to negate the predicate in a subject–verb–object structure denotes strong negation or impossibility for the subject to perform the action in the future:

3904:

The subject always appears after the verb, and in cases where pronominal subjects (such as personal pronouns) are used in sentences, they will never occur before the verb:

3852:

Chavacano generally follows the simple verb–subject–object or verb–object–subject sentence structure typical of Hiligaynon or Tagalog in declarative affirmative sentences:

5632:

There are some rare exceptions. Some verbs are not derived from infinitives but from words that are technically Spanish phrases or from other Spanish verbs. For example,

4204:

can appear before the subject in a subject–verb–object structure to strongly negate (or denote impossibility) the subject rather than the predicate in the future tense:

1587:

From then on, constant Spanish military reinforcements as well as increased presence of Spanish religious and educational institutions have fostered the Spanish creole.

6480:"Ansina" means 'like that' or 'that way'. In modern Spanish, "así" is the evolved form of this archaic word. The word "ansina" can still be heard among the aged in 1487:

The parallel development theory or two-way theory as advocated by Frake in 1971, the variants found in Luzon and Mindanao had evolved autonomously from each other.

4247:(Eng: It will never be the businessmen who will buy land but the employees. Span: Nunca serán los hombres de negocios los que compren tierras, sino los empleados) 837:, a language native to Central Mexico, which aren't found in Andalusian Spanish. Although the vocabulary is largely Mexican, its grammar is mostly based on other 5080:

However, it is safer to use the general rule (when in doubt) of retaining the singular form of the noun preceded by the modifier/plural marker 'maga' or 'mana':

8174: 4120:(Eng: It is not the businessmen who are buying land but the employees. Span: No son los hombres de negocios los que están comprando tierras, sino los empleados) 2066:

English: I will just tell my wife, my apologies. We eat porridge when our business goes very badly. But if it goes well, then we will butcher and serve chicken.

1655:) (sacrificing the Moluccas to the Dutch in doing so). A number of Merdicas volunteered to help, eventually being resettled in a sandbar near the mouth of the 1328:

The manner of formation of this type of speech found in a number of communities around the Philippines remains unclear today. A sample of what is today called

9311: 7469: 4194:(Eng: It will not be the businessmen who will buy land but the employees. Span: No serán los hombres de negocios los que compren tierras, sino los empleados) 4148:(Eng: It was not the businessmen who bought the land but the employees. Span: No fueron los hombres de negocio los que compraron tierras, sino los empleados) 5135:. The common forms are, particularly in the second and third person plural, derived from Cebuano while most familiar and formal forms are from Spanish. The 376:

by speakers of these varieties, especially between neighboring varieties. While a majority of the lexicon of the different Chavacano varieties derive from

4095:

can appear before the subject in a subject–verb–object structure to negate the subject rather than the predicate in the present, past, and future tenses:

2063:

Spanish: Me limitaré a decir a mi esposa, mis disculpas. Cuando nuestro negocio va mal, comemos gachas. Pero si funciona bien, carneamos y servimos pollo.

9306: 8129: 2133:

Look because I don't tell off that big son of mine. Every day he leaves the house, the same for walking to the office; but every day he asks for money.

9316: 411:

is derived from Spanish, roughly meaning "poor taste" or "vulgar", though the term itself carries no negative connotations to contemporary speakers.

5123:

between the speaker and the addressee, the status of both in family and society, or the mood of the speaker and addressee at the particular moment:

6596: 9326: 9321: 7462: 1302: 7123:

Castillo, Edwin Gabriel Ma., S.J. "Glosario Liturgico: Liturgical Literacy in the Chavacano de Zamboanga",(Unpublished) Archdiocese of Zamboanga.

4261:

can also appear before the subject to negate the predicate in a subject–verb–object structure in the past and future tenses respectively. Using

728:

accelerated from more migration from the Visayas as well as the current migration from other Visayan-speaking areas of the Zamboanga Peninsula.

6776: 6715: 898:

origin are present in the Zamboangueño variety; the latter is included because although not local in Philippines, it was the lingua franca of

9301: 8122: 7638: 7360: 7233: 7179: 6819: 936:. A significant number of Chavacano speakers are found in Cavite City and Ternate. There are also speakers in some areas in the provinces of 6740:

Gilbert, Glenn (2005-06-01). "The Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages and the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics, In Retrospect".

2074:

Spanish: ¡Corre rápido! ¡La lluvia está cayendo! Ya te dije que cuando salgas de tu casa, debes llevar un paraguas. No quiero que te mojes.

5046:

Adding the suffix -es to some nouns is quite common and accepted. Nouns ending in -cion can also be pluralized by adding the suffix -es:

9236: 9182: 8356: 6836: 5589:

Generally, the simple form of the Zamboangueño verb is based upon the infinitive of the Spanish verb, minus the final /r/. For example,

2757:

spelled using Spanish rules while Chavacano words of local origin are spelled in the manner according to their origin. Thus, the letter

1983:

Note: only selected phrases are given with Spanish translations, some are interpretations and rough English translations are also given.

6445:

Chabacano has preserved plenty of archaic Spanish phrases and words in its vocabulary that modern Spanish no longer uses; for example:

9346: 7050: 322:, has the highest concentration of speakers. Other currently existing varieties are found in Cavite City and Ternate, located in the 9209: 7691: 7309: 7017: 6951: 6873: 5119:

Chavacano pronouns are based on Spanish and native sources; many of the pronouns are not used in either but may be derived in part.

7420: 882:

In contrast with the Luzon-based dialects, the Zamboangueño variety has the most borrowings and/or influence from other Philippine

8672: 7532: 3422: 2077:

English: Run quickly! It's raining! I already told you to take an umbrella when you leave the house. I don't want you to get wet.

1298: 9341: 263: 959:

and elsewhere in Sabah via immigration to Sabah during the Spanish colonial period and via Filipino refugees who escaped from

7657: 7485: 6672: 6537: 902:

and is still spoken in Muslim areas of Mindanao. As the Zamboangueño variety is also spoken by Muslims, the variety has some

307: 7408: 6073:

prefix. The infinitives and their conjugations are somehow retained, and there are some that have simplified conjugations:

2130:

Usted mirá porque yo no regañá ese hijo mío grande. Día-día sale casa, ese ba igual andá oficina; pero día-día pide dinero.

432:

Linguists have identified at least six Spanish creole varieties in the Philippines. Their classification is based on their

9331: 8394: 1394: 342: 124: 1297:

Prior to the formation of what is today the Philippines, what existed were a collection of various islands and different

8910: 8145: 7852: 3840: 3836: 1750:

Spanish: La persona con la que estás hablando es muy alegre. / La persona con quien tú estás conversando es bien alegre.

838: 385: 6837:"Supplementary Information for Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years (Appendix, Page 35)" 2301: 1100: 393: 186: 181: 6906: 2071:¡Corre pronto! ¡Caé aguacero! Yo hablá contigo cuando salé casa lleva payóng (paraguas). No quiere ahora mucho mojáo. 2319:

The following examples show a contrast between the usage of formal words and common or familiar words in Chavacano:

9351: 9336: 9109: 8920: 8361: 8341: 8255: 5160: 5152: 1576:(Basilan's capital) remained part of Zamboanga Peninsula; although North Borneo (now Sabah) is not included on the 1187:

refer to their language and their city. Chavacano varieties usually have their area name attached to the language.

783: 9361: 9270: 8925: 8336: 8331: 6641: 2108:

Why don't you go for a walk? You travel by your car. What makes money? You work a lot, you don't enjoy yourself.

5167:) – excluding the person spoken to (the addressee) – in the first person plural except in the formal form where 1294:

There is no definite conclusion on the precise history of how these different varieties of Chavacano developed.

9056: 8351: 8278: 7580: 273: 230: 236: 1078:, with 1–2 out of 10, while most of the lowland urbanized Christian ethnic groups have some Spanish descent. 9033: 8624: 8503: 8316: 5148:

are used to address someone older and/or higher in social or family status. It is the form used in writing.

1565: 915: 899: 433: 31: 6288:(after) can be used between two sentences in the simple past form to show which verb came first. The words 4373:

Nouns in Chavacano are not always preceded by articles. Without an article, a noun is a generic reference:

4338:

to appear together before a singular noun, the former to denote certainty and the latter to denote number:

9356: 9254: 8619: 8609: 8604: 8589: 8498: 8482: 8182: 7630: 3839:

sentence order. This is because it follows the Hiligaynon or Tagalog grammatical structures. However, the

3501: 3494: 3487: 3466: 3459: 3452: 3445: 3439: 3433: 3414: 3408: 3393: 3389: 3381: 3374: 3351: 3343: 3335: 3331: 3318: 3311: 3300: 3288: 3274: 3263: 3252: 3239: 3228: 3217: 3203: 3192: 3181: 3168: 3157: 3146: 3133: 3122: 3111: 3098: 3087: 3076: 3063: 3052: 3041: 3028: 3017: 3005: 2992: 2981: 2970: 2762: 883: 89: 6944:

Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas: Texts, Volume 2

6795: 6552: 9104: 8454: 8346: 7509: 6593: 1067: 389: 373: 8326: 3362:

and 'o' becomes 'i' and 'u' in some words) and some consonants have changed their pronunciation. (i.e.

2105:¿Por qué usted no andá paseo? Kará tiene coche, viaje usted. ¿Cosa hace dinero? Trabaja mucho, no gozá. 7339: 1503:'s ancestral land, became a permanent foothold of the Spanish government with the construction of the 372:

The different varieties of Chavacano differ in certain aspects like vocabulary but they are generally

8970: 8773: 8599: 8492: 8311: 8222: 8212: 7674: 7565: 381: 338:. The 2020 Census of Population and Housing counted 106,000 households generally speaking Chavacano. 3976:(Eng: The businessmen are not buying land. Span: Los hombres de negocios no están comprando tierras) 1377:¡no quiere pa que di sabé nisos cuando ilos ta sali ingañau! ¡Cosa! ¡Querida be de praile el cabesa! 9214: 9134: 9023: 8695: 8642: 8551: 8526: 8232: 8197: 7866: 7739: 7669: 7593: 7570: 6719: 6604: 6542: 6467: 5380: 1648: 1644: 1577: 1569: 1310: 1172: 1096: 1035: 960: 945: 887: 842: 826: 759: 717: 535: 9231: 9219: 9177: 9114: 8945: 8905: 8895: 8808: 8803: 8740: 8730: 8662: 8652: 8434: 8164: 7910: 7901: 7884: 7827: 7772: 7766: 7620: 7608: 7598: 7560: 7514: 7454: 7220:. Creole Language Library. Vol. 33. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 279–299. 7112: 6521: 4770: 4310:(Eng: The businessmen will never buy land. Span: Los hombres de negocios nunca comprarán tierras) 4085:(Eng: The businessmen will never buy land. Span: Los hombres de negocios nunca comprarán tierras) 3426: 830: 822: 6065:

Unlike in the Zamboangueño, Caviteño, and Bahra, Castellano Abakay (Davaoeño) doesn't have the

3933:(which literally means ’none’) to negate the verb that was supposed to happen in the past, and 2145:

Madam, I give this fish to you. It's not big, but it's very good. It is gorgeous and very nice.

9280: 9199: 9142: 9119: 9028: 9003: 8990: 8975: 8965: 8960: 8841: 8813: 8685: 8536: 8531: 8389: 8159: 7920: 7879: 7833: 7800: 7733: 7663: 7643: 7555: 7542: 7356: 7305: 7279: 7239: 7229: 7193: 7185: 7175: 7104: 7046: 7023: 7013: 6947: 6879: 6869: 6815: 6757: 4444: 3418: 2789: 2745: 2098: 2013:

Yo quiere prestá contigo diez pesos. Ese ba hija tiene mucho calentura. Necesita llevá doctor.

1620: 1596: 1548: 1537: 1346: 1160: 1071: 949: 941: 937: 907: 862: 790: 755: 751: 541: 529: 170: 7135:

Holm, J. A. (1988). "Pidgins and creoles" (Vols. 1–2). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

6990: 6968: 6842:. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. p. 35 6582: 4941:

When in doubt, it is always safe to use 'el' and 'maga or mana' to pluralize singular nouns:

9172: 9099: 9081: 9061: 9018: 9008: 8980: 8935: 8930: 8900: 8859: 8831: 8793: 8788: 8778: 8745: 8735: 8657: 8647: 8584: 8569: 8546: 8459: 8444: 8424: 8409: 8237: 8227: 8217: 8207: 8187: 7998: 7966: 7915: 7846: 7709: 7699: 7603: 7588: 7504: 7489: 7348: 7271: 7221: 7167: 7159: 7096: 7041:

Department of Education, Culture and Sports and The Summer Institute of Linguistics (1979).

6861: 6749: 6532: 5384: 5151:

Additionally, Zamboangueño is the only variety of Chavacano which distinguishes between the

4052:(Eng: The businessmen will not buy land. Span: Los hombres de negocios no comprarán tierras) 2017:(Spanish: Quiero pedirle diez pesos prestados. Mi hija tiene calentura. Necesita un médico.) 1874: 1573: 1552: 1176: 1164: 971: 964: 911: 891: 846: 786: 763: 437: 436:

and the regions where they are commonly spoken. The three known varieties of Chavacano with

377: 302: 152: 94: 7371: 4709:

All names of animals are always masculine—in Spanish context—preceded by the article 'el'.

4286:(Eng: The businessmen did not buy land. Span: Los hombres de negocios no compraron tierras) 4014:(Eng: The businessmen did not buy land. Span: Los hombres de negocios no compraron tierras) 853:. By way of Spanish, its vocabulary also has influences from the Native American languages 9226: 9204: 9194: 9189: 9167: 9091: 9066: 9013: 8950: 8836: 8823: 8750: 8715: 8705: 8700: 8690: 8634: 8614: 8574: 8541: 8521: 8487: 8449: 8429: 8419: 8414: 8404: 8321: 8288: 8273: 8202: 7945: 7786: 7720: 7714: 7681: 7519: 7443: 7424: 7412: 6600: 6379: 6186: 2740: 2138:

Señora, yo dale este pescado usted. No grande, pero mucho bueno. Ese kirei y muy bonito. (

1675: 1529: 1383: 1168: 999: 903: 850: 818: 724: 639: 461: 331: 116: 75: 6918: 2020:(English: I want borrow ten pesos from you. My daughter has a fever. She needs a doctor.) 1099:

in Manila hosted a conference entitled "Shedding Light on the Chavacano Language" at the

688: 7417: 6594:

Número de hispanohablantes en países y territorios donde el español no es lengua oficial

4325:

precedes a singular noun or a plural marker (for a plural noun). The indefinite article

9124: 9076: 9051: 8998: 8955: 8940: 8915: 8783: 8768: 8725: 8720: 8710: 8579: 8464: 8439: 8399: 8371: 8293: 8242: 7988: 7978: 7704: 6485: 6348: 2715: 1628: 1581: 1561: 1541: 1500: 1496: 1059: 1051: 1019: 1011: 928: 895: 735: 505: 469: 366: 315: 245: 141: 63: 1456: 1413: 1126: 406: 222: 9295: 8851: 8680: 8594: 8561: 8384: 8379: 8283: 8103: 7550: 7259: 6494: 5951: 5820: 5689: 4985: 1533: 1341: 1180: 1043: 1023: 1003: 806: 696: 587: 397: 7218:

Roots of Creole Structures: Weighing the contribution of substrates and superstrates

7155:

Roots of Creole Structures: Weighing the contribution of substrates and superstrates

7010:

Roots of Creole structures: weighing the contribution of substrates and superstrates

6811:

Roots of Creole Structures: Weighing the Contribution of Substrates and Superstrates

4983:

In Chavacano, it is common for some nouns to become doubled when pluralized (called

2055:

English: He will arrive this evening. What do you want me to tell him when he comes?

9071: 9043: 8869: 8798: 8760: 8303: 8039: 7814: 7753: 6410:

To form the Zamboangueño Chavacano active voice, Zamboangueños follow the pattern:

6352: 6277: 5955: 5824: 5693: 2785: 2736: 1632: 1047: 979: 975: 703:

in the 19th century. When Caviteño officers recruited workers and technicians from

613: 148: 7322:

Zamboangueño texts with grammatical analysis. A Study of Philippine Creole Spanish

5363:

The usage modes also exist in the possessive pronouns especially in Zamboangueño.

5179:

Below is a table comparing the personal pronouns in three varieties of Chavacano.

17: 7299: 7153: 6809: 4443:

derived from Spanish do not follow gender rules in general. In Zamboangueño, the

1877:(who also wrote other texts in Ermitaño), and it is entitled "Na Maldito Arena": 9275: 8090: 8004: 7434: 7405: 3848:

Declarative affirmative sentences in the simple present, past, and future tenses

1039: 1007: 983: 914:

origin which enter Chavacano via Malay and Arabic; both Persian and Spanish are

593: 561: 449: 311: 174: 71: 53: 8114: 7439: 7158:. Creole Language Library. Vol. 33. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing. 6642:"The Early History of Chavacano de Zamboanga: Chabacano versus related creoles" 3887:

Hiligaynon: Nagabakal (verb) sang duta (object) ang mga manogbaligya (subject).

3884:

Hiligaynon: Nagabakal (verb) ang mga manogbaligya (subject) sang duta (object).

3455:(when followed or preceded by other vowels: tierra ~ /chehra/; tiene ~ /chene/) 1869:

The following is a sample of Ermitaño taken from the April 1917 publication of

8474: 8265: 8049: 8019: 7449: 5947: 5816: 5685: 2792:

in writing except in linguistic or highly formalized texts. Also, the letters

1656: 1616: 1504: 1318: 1314: 1063: 1027: 779: 700: 619: 7376:(Ohio State University dissertation). Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University 7283: 7243: 7213: 7189: 7108: 7027: 6883: 6761: 6437:

Traditionally, Zamboangueño does not have a passive construction of its own.

6419:

As illustrated above, active (causative) voice is formed by placing the doer

3921:

Declarative negative sentences in the simple present, past, and future tenses

970:

A small number of Zamboanga's indigenous peoples and of Basilan, such as the

8070: 8012: 7275: 6753: 6378:

Zamboangueño Chavacano also uses a verb between "ta" and "ya" to denote the

3470: 2312:

with friends and acquaintances. Its use is of general acceptance and usage.

2305: 1635:. In 1663, the Spanish garrison in Ternate was forced to pull out to defend 1075: 987: 871: 747: 523: 215: 199: 7936: 6936: 6583:

HOLA Y BIENVENIDOS By Richard Collet. February 19, 2020. (Publisher: GLOBE)

6338:

Ya mirá ya kame el película después ya comprá kame con el maga chichirías.

3473:

in other Spanish dialects when between vowels, are uniformly pronounced as

1088: 424: 7347:(Doctoral dissertation (monograph)) (in Spanish). University of Helsinki. 7320: 6617: 3448:(when followed or preceded by other vowels: Dios ~ /jos/; dejalo ~ /jalo/) 206: 8887: 8076: 7926: 7429: 7225: 6969:"Poema ermitense: El que ta pensá ele; Quilaya bos; Por causa del sirena" 6547: 6526: 6296:(after) can also be used between a sentence in the present perfect using 6185:

In Zamboangueño, there are three ways to express that the verb is in the

1612: 1600: 1508: 1055: 1015: 956: 767: 500:

Zamboangueño (Zamboangueño/Zamboangueño Chavacano/Chabacano de Zamboanga)

354: 319: 281: 269: 6347:

Zamboangueño Chavacano uses a verb between "hay" and "ya" to denote the

6214:

means an action started in the past and still continues in the present:

3925:

When the predicate of the sentence is negated, Chavacano uses the words

3893:

Tagalog: Bumibili (verb) ng lupa (object) ang mga negosyante (subject).

1507:. Bombardment and harassment from pirates and raiders of the sultans of 8877: 7983: 7972: 7614: 7325:(PH D Dissertation, Cornell University). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University 6896:

Lipski, J. M. Chabacano/Spanish and the Philippine linguistic identity.

3890:

Tagalog: Bumibili (verb) ang mga negosyante (subject) ng lupa (object).

3474: 1640: 1604: 1557: 933: 854: 834: 739: 511: 277: 109:(700,000 native speakers; 1.2 million as a second language; cited 1992) 67: 7446:

dated 19 November 1883 containing text of chavacano spoken in Cotabato

7352: 7171: 7116: 2765:

origin or in loanwords from other Philippine languages (words such as

9162: 8513: 7373:

The sociophonetics and phonology of the Cavite Chabacano vowel system

6778:

The Sociophonetics and Phonology of the Cavite Chabacano Vowel System

6511:"Firmi" means 'always'. In Spanish, "firme" means 'firm' or 'steady'. 6481: 3403:

Other pronunciation changes in some words of Spanish origin include:

1948:¿Cómo lo haremos? ¿Hay que escribir también novelas como José Rizal? 1668: 1652: 1636: 1624: 1608: 1525: 704: 671: 665: 645: 567: 473: 362: 358: 350: 323: 6318:

Ya mirá kame el película antes de ya comprá con el maga chichirías.

3462:(when followed or preceded by other vowels: conciencia ~ /konʃenʃa/) 1228:

Chabacano de Cavite, Caviteño, Chabacano Caviteño, Linguaje de Niso

7163: 7100: 7043:

Languages of the Southern Gateway: Chavacano, Sinama, Tausug, Yakan

2052:

Spanish: Llegará esta noche. ¿Qué quiere que le diga cuando llegue?

30:"Chabacano" redirects here. For the Mexico City Metro station, see 7197: 6506:"Siempre" means 'of course'. In Spanish, "siempre" means 'always'. 6472: 4989:, a characteristic of the Malayo-Polynesian family of languages): 4440: 1664: 858: 809:). Both Cotabateño and Davaoeño are very similar to Zamboangueño. 708: 692: 441: 423: 327: 7087:

Brooks, John (1 January 1933). "Más que, mas que and mas ¡qué!".

6529:, extinct Portuguese-Malay creole language from Ternate and Ambon 6396:

Ta mirá ya kame con el película mientras ta esperá con vosotros.

2037:

Spanish: ¿¡Conching, dónde está tu papá?! ¿No ha llegado todavía?

1261:

Davaoeño, Chavacano Davaoeño, Castellano Abakay, Davao Chavacano

7388:

Zamboangueño Chavacano por Jose Genaro Ruste Yap – Aizon, Ph.D.:

6866:

Noun phrases in Creole languages : a multi-faceted approach

3490:(glottal fricative in the final position); sometimes not written 1512: 817:

The Chavacano languages in the Philippines are creoles based on

743: 712: 517: 346: 335: 8118: 7458: 5946:

plus the simple form of the verb to convey the basic tenses of

5815:

plus the simple form of the verb to convey the basic tenses of

5684:

plus the simple form of the verb to convey the basic tenses of

5359:

Possessive pronouns (Zamboangueño Chavacano, Castellano Abakay)

1873:. The poem was written by the Filipino Spanish-language writer 3507:-kh ; only in loanwords of Arabic origin, mostly Islamic terms 2694: 2048:

Llegá noche ya. ¿Cosa quiere ako (yo) habla cuando llegá papa?

1451: 1408: 986:, also speak the language. In the close provinces of Sulu and 380:, their grammatical structures are generally similar to other 5629:

with the accent called "acento agudo" on the final syllable.

5159:) – including the person spoken to (the addressee) – and the 4400:

Proper names of persons are preceded by the definite article

7045:. Manila, Philippines: The Summer Institute of Linguistics. 5640:(give) (literally in Spanish, to "give it" ). In this case, 2040:

English: Conching, where is your dad? Hasn't he arrived yet?

1924: 7139:

McKaughan, Howard P. (1954). "Notes on Chabacano grammar".

6935:

John. M. Lipski, with P. Mühlhaüsler and F. Duthin (1996).

1139:

was also called by the Spanish-speaking population as the "

994:, all of them are neighbors of Christians. Speakers of the 6466:

at the familiar level) in the same manner of the works of

3831:

Simple sentence structure (verb–subject–object word order)

1391:

The Spanish Contact Vernaculars in the Philippine Islands

1362:

Abá, ñora, porque ‘tallá el maná prailes y el maná empleau

829:. In some Chavacano languages, most words are common with 280:

characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see

7442:– correspondence of Jacinto Juanmartí to German linguist 7435:

FilipinoKastila - Database of Chavacano academic articles

6942:. In Stephen Adolphe Wurm & Peter Mühlhäusler (ed.). 6399:

We are already watching the movie while waiting for you.

1283:

Ternateño, Ternateño Chabacano, Bahra, Linguaje di Bahra

1135:

During the Spanish colonial period, what is today called

720:

words as the previous migrant community was assimilated.

6796:

Hispanic Words of Indoamerican Origin in the Philippines

6341:

We had watched the movie and then we bought the snacks.

1738:

El hombre, con quien ya man encuentro tu, es mi hermano.

1714:

Spanish: El/Ella empezó a buscar la sal en todas partes.

691:

families who descended from Spanish Army officers (from

4968:(this is a phrase; 'el maga/mana mañana' is uncommon), 1468: 1425: 6321:

We had watched the movie before we bought the snacks.

2784:

It is uncommon in modern written works to include the

2362:

morisqueta (understood as a Filipino rice dish)/arroz

2003:(English: Sir, I have come here to ask for your help.) 1747:

El persona con quien tu tan cuento, bien alegre gayot.

1711:

Ya empezá ele buscá que buscá entero lugar con el sal.

1570:

Western Mindanao (presently named Zamboanga Peninsula)

926:

The highest number of Chavacano speakers are found in

7301:

Spanish contact vernaculars in the Philippine Islands

6475:) or, incidentally, as with English "thou" vs. "you". 3523:“x” pronounced as English “x” (like: X-ray) (ex/eks) 2000:(Spanish: Señor, he venido aquí para pedir su ayuda.) 1753:(The person you are talking to is very happy indeed.) 1627:

missionaries. The islands were later captured by the

318:, located in the southern Philippine island group of 6369:

Hay mirá ya kame el película si hay llegá vosotros.

1332:

may be found in dialogues contained in chapters 18 (

1195:

Chavacano/Chabacano varieties and alternative names

9263: 9247: 9155: 9133: 9090: 9042: 8989: 8886: 8868: 8850: 8822: 8759: 8671: 8633: 8560: 8512: 8473: 8370: 8302: 8264: 8251: 8173: 8152: 8062: 7959: 7897: 7690: 7629: 7579: 7541: 7528: 7497: 7214:"12. Zamboangueño Chavacano and the potentive mode" 5017:preceding modifier/plural marker 'maga' or 'mana': 3526:“h” like: house (/eitsh/); sometimes written as 'j' 2033:¿¡Conching, dónde vos (tu) papá?! ¿No hay pa llegá? 1911:

whereas nosotros (Spanish plural) becomes mihótro (

1717:(‘He/She began to search everywhere for the salt.’) 1584:, Chavacano has still a little impact in Semporna. 229: 213: 197: 192: 180: 164: 159: 138: 113: 103: 82: 59: 49: 39: 7341:Una gramática descriptiva del chabacano de Ternate 7260:"Notes on Ternateño (A Philippine Spanish Creole)" 6484:and is the only way of expressing this meaning in 1899:Spanish: Nosotros ya pedimos un favor de tu padre. 1741:Spanish: El hombre que encontraste, es mi hermano. 1723:Spanish: Él/Ella se fue al colegio / a la escuela. 1580:area as stated on the Protocol and control by the 3520:“z” pronounced as English “z” (like: zebra) (zi) 2816:The Chavacano alphabet has 30 letters, including 556:Caviteño (Chabacano di Nisos/Chabacano de Cavite) 8054:(Portuguese-based creole with Spanish influence) 6781:(Graduate). Ohio State University. p. 171. 6372:We will have watched the movie when you arrive. 1902:(We have already asked your father for a favor.) 1217:Chavacano, Zamboangueño, Zamboangueño Chavacano 963:and predominantly Muslim areas of Mindanao like 341:The responsible for this Spanish creole was Don 6984: 6982: 6304:and another sentence in the simple past tense: 4459:Chavacano singular noun (accepted or uncommon) 3517:“v” pronounced as English “v” (like: vase) (vi) 1352: 5644:has nothing to do with the Spanish infinitive 5175:Personal (nominative/subjective case) pronouns 2331:Chavacano (common/colloquial/vulgar/familiar) 1783:visitado únicamente por cazadores de pájaros. 1066:) and Davao Region became part of short-lived 8130: 7470: 4456:Chavacano singular noun (general and common) 2097:Estimated English translations provided with 1909:yo (Spanish singular) becomes bo (Ternateño), 699:), primarily Caviteño mestizos, stationed at 8: 7127:Chambers, John; Wee, Salvador, eds. (2003). 6698: 6696: 6694: 4408:functioning as an indefinite article would: 2300:Chavacano (especially Zamboangueño) has two 1366:‘ta jasí solo para ilós el cabesa de espinge 998:, both Christians and Muslims, also live in 766:as their primary substrate language are the 254: Areas where Chavacano is mainly spoken 6997:. Vol. II, no. 4. pp. 71–73. 6673:"Language/Dialect Generally Spoken at Home" 3354:but is now obsolete and is only written as 2175:Pledge of Allegiance to the Philippine Flag 8261: 8137: 8123: 8115: 7538: 7477: 7463: 7455: 550:359,000 (Rubino 2008, citing 2000 census) 478: 244: 36: 6930: 6928: 5664:Chavacano of Zamboangueño uses the words 1996:Señor, yo vino aquí para pedir vos ayuda. 1599:(also spelled Mardicas or Mardikas) were 833:, but there are many words borrowed from 6995:The Philippine Review (Revista Filipina) 6973:The Philippine Review (Revista Filipina) 6384: 6357: 6326: 6306: 6216: 6075: 5960: 5829: 5698: 5390: 5262: 5209: 5181: 4779: 4567: 4449: 3534: 2960: 2700: 2321: 1763: 1760:Another sample of Zamboangueño Chavacano 1520:Zamboanga like the Samals and Subanons. 1387:Uber das Malaiospanische der Philippinen 1193: 990:areas, there are Muslim speakers of the 865:, etc. as can be evidenced by the words 428:Native Zamboangueño speakers in Mindanao 7131:. Ateneo de Zamboanga University Press. 6975:. Vol. II, no. 5. p. 26. 6563: 6441:Archaic Spanish words and false friends 1350:. The dialogue found in chapter 18 is: 274:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 27:Spanish-based creole of the Philippines 7264:Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 6570: 6497:. Some examples of false friends are: 6414:El maga soldao ya mata con el criminal 4547:el tragedia (la tragedia is uncommon) 4378:Hindê yo ta llorá lagrimas sino sangre 2200:que ya pone na movemiento el un nación 1969:Castellano Abakay (Davaoeño Chavacano) 608:Castellano Abakay (Chabacano Davaoeño) 330:. Chavacano is the only Spanish-based 6742:Creole Language in Creole Literatures 1936:¿Escribí mga novela como José Rizal? 1239:Zamboangueño, Chavacano de Zamboanga 955:Chavacano speakers are also found in 301: 7: 6991:"Na maldito arena (poema ermitense)" 6710: 6708: 6667: 6665: 6663: 6661: 4574:Chavacano singular noun (masculine) 4565:is added to make the noun feminine: 4558:el doctora (la doctora is uncommon) 3896:(‘The businessmen are buying land.’) 2237:puestos en movemiento por una nación 1920:Another sample of Caviteño Chavacano 1631:who vied for their control with the 1528:developed and became a full-fledged 1397:on the origin of these vernaculars. 1382:In the 1883 work of German linguist 468:(once spoken in the old district of 440:as their substrate language are the 388:, it is the only one that is not an 9312:Spanish language in the Philippines 6868:. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. Co. 6864:; Guéron, Jacqueline, eds. (2007). 4577:Chavacano singular noun (feminine) 4418:(’Maria is a beautiful candidate’.) 2429:ayudanta (female); ayudante (male) 793:, and divided into two varieties, 6946:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 276. 6416:The soldiers killed the criminal. 6280:exists in Zamboangueño. The words 4786:Chavacano plural noun (masculine) 3326:Other letter combinations include 1896:Nisós ya pidí pabor cun su papáng. 1355:¿Porque ba no di podí nisós entrá? 1091:books are published in Chavacano. 582:Cotabateño (Chabacano de Cotabato) 25: 9307:Spanish-based pidgins and creoles 7319:Forman, Michael Lawrence (1972). 4789:Chavacano plural noun (feminine) 4383:(’I do not cry tears but blood’.) 3914:(‘I went to church a while ago.’) 3835:Chavacano is a language with the 2739:. As Chavacano has mostly been a 1744:(The man you met is my brother.) 1732:Spanish: Mario durmió en la casa. 1639:against an impending invasion by 1375:dijo la voz de mujer alejándose; 1373:¡Curioso también el maná prailes! 1323:Estadismos de las Islas Filipinas 1250:Cotabateño, Chavacano Cotabateño 1123:originated from the Spanish word 9317:Languages of Zamboanga del Norte 7406:An abridged Chavacano dictionary 7258:Steinkrüger, Patrick O. (2007). 7152:Michaelis, Susanne, ed. (2008). 7008:Michaelis, Susanne, ed. (2008). 6835:Maximilian Larena (2021-01-21). 5636:(give) does not become 'da' but 5278:kitá (inclusive/common/familiar) 5276:kamé (exclusive/common/familiar) 2699: 2678:delgado(a)/flaco(a)/chiquito(a) 2271:With honour, justice and freedom 2268:And to the country it represents 1455: 1412: 1206:Alternative names and spellings 1183:as their substrate language(s). 1147:" (language of the street), or " 7216:. In Michaelis, Susanne (ed.). 7141:Journal of East Asiatic Studies 7065:Chabacano de Zamboanga Handbook 6677:Philippine Statistics Authority 6388:Present perfect (Zamboangueño) 4321:The Chavacano definite article 2735:Chavacano is written using the 2608:feo (masculine)/fea (feminine) 2194:y el País que ese ta representá 2025:Valentina y Conching (Conchita) 982:, majority of those people are 9327:Languages of Zamboanga Sibugay 9322:Languages of Zamboanga del Sur 7304:. Hong Kong University Press. 6919:"Chabacano - Cavite's Dialect" 6538:Spanish-based creole languages 6361:Future perfect (Zamboangueño) 4525:el luna (la luna is uncommon) 4503:el gato (la gata is uncommon) 4273:No hay el maga/mana negociante 3504:; sometimes written as just -t 3497:; sometimes written as just -k 2265:To the flag of the Philippines 2234:con honor, justicia y libertad 2197:Con Honor, Justicia y Libertad 1564:signed an agreement named the 932:and in the island province of 869:("monkey", instead of Spanish 365:, Philippines using the famed 1: 7793:Los Llanos Colombia/Venezuela 7074:Brooks 1933, Vol. 16, 1st Ed. 7012:. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 6989:Balmori, Jesús (April 1917). 6814:. John Benjamins Publishing. 6431:as indicated by the particle 6223:Zamboangueño present perfect 6085:Castellano Abakay infinitive 5400:Castellano Abakay (de Davao) 5197:Castellano Abakay (de Davao) 4966:el maga/mana día(s) que viene 4860:the grandsons/granddaughters 4439:Unlike in Spanish, Chavacano 4413:Un bonita candidata si Maria. 4297:Nunca el maga/mana negociante 4212:Nunca el maga/mana negociante 4159:Hindê el maga/mana negociante 4131:Hindê el maga/mana negociante 4103:Hindê el maga/mana negociante 3909:Ya andá yo na iglesia enantes 2231:y al país que esta representa 2228:a la bandera de las Filipinas 1735:(‘Mario slept in the house.’) 1623:occupation of the islands by 1357:preguntaba una voz de mujer. 490:of households (2020 census) 343:Sebastian Hurtado de Corcuera 308:Spanish-based creole language 70:(Zamboangueño and Basileño), 9302:Languages of the Philippines 8146:Languages of the Philippines 7418:Chavacano Lessons with Audio 7129:English-Chabacano Dictionary 6718:. 2005-02-05. Archived from 6330:Past perfect (Zamboangueño) 6310:Past perfect (Zamboangueño) 6256:ta dormí pa. / ta dormi ya. 6234:ta cantá pa. / ta canta ya. 6226:Zamboangueño future perfect 5656:which means the same thing. 4996:(el maga cosa/s is common), 3417:(in common with dialects of 3413:j, g (before 'e' and 'i') ~ 3330:(erre), which is pronounced 2710:appears to contradict itself 2664:tornado/remolino, remulleno 1865:Fuerte-fuerte el voz: ¡Aray! 1272:Ermitense, Ermita Chabacano 1038:, Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-tawi, 1006:. Christians and Muslims in 770:-based creoles of which are 444:-based creoles of which are 6967:Balmori, Jesús (May 1917). 5934:While Bahra uses the words 5660:Verb tenses – simple tenses 5004:(el maga gente is common), 4874:el maga/mana professor(es) 4648:the grandson/granddaughter 4242:sino el maga/mana empleados 4224:sino el maga/mana empleados 4189:sino el maga/mana empleados 4171:sino el maga/mana empleados 4143:sino el maga/mana empleados 4115:sino el maga/mana empleados 2274:Put in motion by one Nation 1848:Bajo tus faldas, ¡amoratáo! 1551:gave up its territories in 1448:Parallel-development theory 1101:Ateneo de Manila University 1070:, which chose Chavacano as 723:Most of what appears to be 394:Malayo-Polynesian languages 187:Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino 9378: 8357:Southern Catanduanes Bikol 8083:Coastal Argentina, Uruguay 7951:spoken by Catalan speakers 7338:Sippola, E. (2011-12-09). 6808:Susanne Michaelis (2008). 6391:Present perfect (English) 6267:ya pedí pa. / ya pedí ya. 6245:ta bebé pa. / ta bebe ya. 6220:Zamboangueño past perfect 5000:(el maga casa is common), 4888:el maga/mana consejala(s) 4885:el maga/mana consejal(es) 4877:el maga/mana profesora(s) 4822:el maga/mana engeniera(s) 4819:el maga/mana engeniero(s) 4181:el maga/mana negociante(s) 3707:to move the hips a little 3469:, which are pronounced as 3346:. Another combination was 2800:are sometimes replaced by 2761:appear mostly in words of 2426:muchacho (m)/muchacha (f) 2401:bugalon(a)/ hambuguero(a) 1729:Si Mario ya dormí na casa. 1726:(‘He/She went to school.’) 1603:natives of the islands of 1309:Creole languages (such as 1159:The Mindanao Creoles have 657: 631: 605: 579: 553: 497: 326:province on the island of 29: 9347:Culture of Zamboanga City 7760:Central western Argentina 6553:Chavacano Knowledge (XXG) 6364:Future perfect (English) 5652:(to hop) is from Spanish 5008:(el maga juego is common) 4958:el maga/mana chavacano(s) 4946:el maga/mana caballero(s) 4833:el maga/mana sastrera(s) 4830:el maga/mana sastrero(s) 4827:the tailors/seamstresses 1839:Que un cangrejo ya corré, 1802:Junto contigo na un peñon 1799:En la dulzura de mi afán, 1156:Philippine Creole Spanish 1050:(region that composed of 906:loanwords, most commonly 778:(spoken in some areas of 734:(Chavacano) is spoken in 415:Distribution and variants 260: 243: 166:Official language in 44: 6937:"Spanish in the Pacific" 6406:Passive and active voice 5803:Caviteño uses the words 5708:Zamboangueño infinitive 5293:nosotros (Chino, Japón) 4970:el maga/mana almujada(s) 4800:el maga/mana maestra(s) 4797:el maga/mana maestro(s) 4072:Nunca ay/Ay nunca comprá 4058:Nunca ay/Ay nunca comprá 2957:Letters and letter names 2708:This article or section 2188:Yo ta prometé mi lealtad 1853:Cosa que el diablo hacé, 1822:Tu me decías, "justo na" 1699:(‘Where are you going?’) 1532:still in use today as a 1499:, which was part of the 314:. The variety spoken in 310:varieties spoken in the 7840:Colombia-Ecuador border 7370:Lesho, Marivic (2013). 7298:Whinnom, Keith (1956). 7276:10.1075/jpcl.22.2.10ste 6775:Lesho, Marivic (2013). 6754:10.1075/jpcl.20.1.09gil 6423:before the verb phrase 6333:Past perfect (English) 6313:Past perfect (English) 5022:el maga/mana caballeros 4811:el maga/mana buruja(s) 4808:el maga/mana burujo(s) 4394:(’I am carrying wood’). 4234:el mana/maga negociante 4080:el maga/mana negociante 4062:el maga/mana negociante 4047:el maga/mana negociante 4029:el maga/mana negociante 4009:el maga/mana negociante 3991:el maga/mana negociante 3971:el maga/mana negociante 3953:el maga/mana negociante 3879:el maga/mana negociante 3861:el maga/mana negociante 2684:delgado/flaco/flaquito 2583:guachi/guachinanggo(a) 2527:duro cabeza/duro pulso 2191:na bandera de Filipinas 2093:Castellano Abakay Japon 1978:Castellano Abakay Chino 1862:Hasta que yo ya escuché 1856:Si escabeche o kalamáy, 1819:Yo te decía, "gusto ko" 1767:Zamboangueño Chavacano 1720:Ya andá ele na escuela. 1619:, converted during the 1566:Madrid Protocol of 1885 1154:Linguists use the term 916:Indo-European languages 900:maritime Southeast Asia 879:("mini markets"), etc. 799:Castellano Abakay Japón 795:Castellano Abakay Chino 32:Chabacano metro station 9342:Languages of Tawi-Tawi 9255:Filipino Sign Language 8590:Casiguran Dumagat Agta 7486:Dialects and varieties 6159:to ask (of something) 6044:to ask (of something) 5913:to ask (of something) 5782:to ask (of something) 5337:silá (common/familiar) 5226:vo (common)/(informal) 5075:el maga organizaciones 5067:el maga contestaciones 5028:el maga/mana caballero 4866:el maga/mana nieta(s) 4863:el maga/mana nieto(s) 4855:el maga/mana madre(s) 4852:el maga/mana padre(s) 4721:(puerca is uncommon), 4615:the tailor/seamstress 4571:English singular noun 4453:English singular noun 4347:el maga/mana cajón(es) 2530:testarudo/cabeza dura 2348:resbaloso/resbaladizo 2342:resbalozo/resbaladizo 2262:I pledge my allegiance 1884: 1845:Y de pronto ta escondé 1842:Poco a poco na tu lao. 1814:Se iba bajando el sol. 1705:Spanish: Yo vi a José. 1696:Spanish: ¿A dónde vas? 1380: 1364:, contestó un hombre; 1299:ethnolinguistic groups 1125: 1032:Chavacano de Zamboanga 996:Chavacano de Zamboanga 992:Chavacano de Zamboanga 884:Austronesian languages 870: 429: 405: 299:Spanish pronunciation: 262:This article contains 7212:Rubino, Carl (2008). 6716:"Mensajes Y Noticias" 6599:29 April 2012 at the 6181:Perfect constructions 4978:el maga/mana pluma(s) 4962:el maga/mana santo(s) 4954:el maga/mana noche(s) 4844:el maga/mana niña(s) 4841:el maga/mana niño(s) 4470:la virgen (accepted) 4428:(’a certain Juancho’) 3675:one hundred, hundred 3350:which was pronounced 2718:for more information. 2647:thunder/thunderstorm 2432:muchacha(o)/ayudante 2225:yo prometo mi lealtad 2222:(Yo) soy un filipino. 2185:Yo (soy) un Filipino. 1879: 1871:The Philippine Review 1859:Ese el que no ta sabé 1805:Mientras ta despierta 1340:) of Filipino writer 1301:inhabiting them. The 1290:Historical background 1068:Republic of Zamboanga 476:and is now extinct). 427: 390:Austronesian language 374:mutually intelligible 9332:Languages of Basilan 9264:Historical languages 8395:Central Cagayan Agta 8252:Indigenous languages 7226:10.1075/cll.33.15rub 6427:and then the object 5839:Caviteño infinitive 5109:el maga organización 5101:el maga contestación 4974:el maga/mana mesa(s) 4783:English plural noun 4717:(gata is uncommon), 4536:la vista (accepted) 3370:in informal speech; 3342:which is pronounced 2496:chico(a)/pequeño(a) 1811:Las playas del Pasay 1702:Ya mirá yo con José. 1659:river (known as the 1311:French-based creoles 1303:Spanish colonisation 1141:lenguaje de la calle 839:Philippine languages 660:Ermiteño (Ermitense) 386:Philippine languages 382:Philippine languages 303:[tʃaβaˈkano] 125:Spanish-based creole 9156:Immigrant languages 9135:Zamboanga Peninsula 6905:text reproduced by 6605:Instituto Cervantes 6543:Spanish East Indies 6468:Miguel de Cervantes 6082:Spanish infinitive 6079:English infinitive 5967:Spanish infinitive 5964:English infinitive 5836:Spanish infinitive 5833:English infinitive 5705:Spanish infinitive 5702:English infinitive 5567:de ellos/di ellos ( 5484:ese (Chino, Japón) 5471:3rd person singular 5430:2nd person singular 5406:1st person singular 5305:vosotros (familiar) 5254:3rd person singular 5222:2nd person singular 5203:1st person singular 5063:el maga tentaciones 5006:el maga juego juego 5002:el maga gente gente 4950:el maga/mana día(s) 4725:(perra is uncommon) 4640:el padre/sacerdote 4365:(’the bachelor’) – 3841:subject–verb–object 3837:verb–subject–object 3803:care, to take care 3512:Sounds from English 3421:and other areas of 2808:in informal texts. 2611:malacara, malacuka 2594:rezbalasa/deslizar 2552:de estado/de estao 2513:asarante/salawayun 2328:Chavacano (formal) 1834:Un asuáng ta cercá. 1831:Ya sentí yo como si 1661:Barra de Maragondon 1645:Kingdom of Tungning 1643:, the new ruler of 1615:in the vicinity of 1578:Spanish East Indies 1196: 1097:Instituto Cervantes 1082:Social significance 1036:Zamboanga Peninsula 961:Zamboanga Peninsula 946:Zamboanga del Norte 760:Zamboanga del Norte 536:Zamboanga del Norte 434:substrate languages 8175:Regional languages 8153:Official languages 7727:Chiloé Archipelago 7430:Chavacano Handbook 7423:2022-01-18 at the 7411:2011-07-16 at the 6907:Filipino Scribbles 6522:Philippine Spanish 5280:nosotros (formal) 5213:yo (Chino, Japón) 5171:is used for both. 4771:Philippine English 4492:la mar (accepted) 4481:la paz (accepted) 4317:Nouns and articles 2830:⟨rr⟩ 2822:⟨ll⟩ 2818:⟨ch⟩ 2749:spelling systems. 2600:resbalar/deslizar 2499:pequeño(a)/diutay 2395:braggart/boastful 1930:Caviteño Chavacano 1891:Caviteño/Ternateño 1591:Caviteño/Ternateño 1467:. You can help by 1424:. You can help by 1405:Monogenetic theory 1395:monogenetic theory 1203:Geographical area 1194: 1149:lenguaje de cocina 1145:lenguaje de parian 831:Andalusian Spanish 823:peninsular Spanish 776:Chavacano Davaoeño 430: 361:before sailing to 18:Chavacano language 9352:Culture of Cavite 9337:Languages of Sulu 9289: 9288: 9151: 9150: 8991:Northern Mindanao 8921:Calamian Tagbanwa 8362:Southern Sorsogon 8342:Northern Sorsogon 8112: 8111: 8098: 8084: 8055: 8045: 8035: 8025: 8008: 7942: 7932: 7893: 7892: 7874: 7873:Coastal Argentina 7860: 7841: 7822: 7808: 7794: 7780: 7761: 7747: 7746:Central Argentina 7728: 7653: 7450:Chavacano Ternate 7362:978-952-10-7327-4 7235:978-90-272-5255-5 7181:978-90-272-5255-5 6862:Baptista, Marlyse 6821:978-90-272-5255-5 6646:www.zamboanga.com 6403: 6402: 6376: 6375: 6345: 6344: 6325: 6324: 6274: 6273: 6178: 6177: 6063: 6062: 5932: 5931: 5801: 5800: 5578: 5577: 5557:3rd person plural 5528:2nd person plural 5493:1st person plural 5452:de tuyo/di tuyo ( 5379:are obviously of 5356: 5355: 5333:3rd person plural 5307:ustedes (formal) 5299:2nd person plural 5272:1st person plural 5097:el maga tentación 5034:el maga/mana días 4998:el maga casa casa 4994:el maga cosa-cosa 4892: 4891: 4849:the priests/nuns 4680: 4679: 4562: 4561: 4355:(’a bachelor’) – 3823: 3822: 3739:what, that, than 3595:take care, cared 3324: 3323: 2826:⟨ñ⟩ 2746:Filipino language 2744:the usage of the 2733: 2732: 2688: 2687: 2670:tornado/remolino 2569:(mi) tata'y nana 2544:chancla/chinelas 2246:por la naturaleza 1965: 1964: 1960:José Rizal? 1791: 1790: 1693:Donde tu ay anda? 1549:Sultanate of Sulu 1538:official language 1505:San José Fortress 1495:On 23 June 1635, 1485: 1484: 1442: 1441: 1347:El Filibusterismo 1287: 1286: 1072:official language 1034:. Take note that 950:Filipino diaspora 942:Zamboanga Sibugay 938:Zamboanga del Sur 782:), influenced by 772:Castellano Abakay 756:Zamboanga Sibugay 752:Zamboanga del Sur 684: 683: 634:Ternateño (Bahra) 542:Zamboanga Sibugay 530:Zamboanga del Sur 288: 287: 270:rendering support 266:phonetic symbols. 182:Regulated by 171:Regional language 78:(Ternateño/Bahra) 16:(Redirected from 9369: 9362:City colloquials 9271:Proto-Philippine 9034:Western Bukidnon 8926:Central Tagbanwa 8337:Mount Iriga Agta 8332:Mount Iraya Agta 8262: 8139: 8132: 8125: 8116: 8096: 8082: 8053: 8044:(mixed language) 8043: 8033: 8023: 8002: 7940: 7930: 7872: 7858: 7839: 7820: 7806: 7792: 7778: 7759: 7745: 7726: 7647: 7539: 7479: 7472: 7465: 7456: 7385: 7383: 7381: 7366: 7346: 7334: 7332: 7330: 7315: 7294: 7292: 7290: 7254: 7252: 7250: 7208: 7206: 7204: 7148: 7132: 7120: 7075: 7072: 7066: 7063: 7057: 7056: 7038: 7032: 7031: 7005: 6999: 6998: 6986: 6977: 6976: 6964: 6958: 6957: 6941: 6932: 6923: 6922: 6915: 6909: 6903: 6897: 6894: 6888: 6887: 6858: 6852: 6850: 6848: 6847: 6841: 6832: 6826: 6825: 6805: 6799: 6793: 6787: 6786: 6772: 6766: 6765: 6737: 6731: 6730: 6728: 6727: 6712: 6703: 6700: 6689: 6688: 6686: 6684: 6669: 6656: 6655: 6653: 6652: 6638: 6632: 6631: 6629: 6628: 6614: 6608: 6591: 6585: 6580: 6574: 6568: 6533:Spanish Filipino 6385: 6358: 6327: 6307: 6217: 6076: 5970:Bahra ininitive 5961: 5830: 5699: 5648:. The Chavacano 5532:de iño/di inyo ( 5503:de atón/diaton ( 5497:de amón/diamon ( 5481:de suyo/di suyo 5391: 5182: 5071:el maga naciones 5040:el maga/mana día 4780: 4773:than elsewhere. 4568: 4450: 4389:Ta cargá yo palo 4369:(’the spinster’) 3755:to guide, guide 3659:warning, notice 3535: 3503: 3496: 3489: 3468: 3461: 3454: 3447: 3441: 3435: 3416: 3410: 3395: 3391: 3383: 3376: 3353: 3345: 3337: 3333: 3320: 3313: 3302: 3290: 3276: 3265: 3254: 3241: 3230: 3219: 3205: 3194: 3183: 3170: 3159: 3148: 3135: 3124: 3113: 3100: 3089: 3078: 3065: 3054: 3043: 3030: 3019: 3007: 2994: 2983: 2972: 2961: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2728: 2725: 2719: 2703: 2702: 2695: 2376:lluvia/aguacero 2370:lluvia/aguacero 2322: 2286:for the Country. 2249:y por la patria. 2209:para naturaleza, 1925: 1779:con este lugar. 1764: 1553:Sulu Archipelago 1480: 1477: 1459: 1452: 1437: 1434: 1416: 1409: 1197: 965:Sulu Archipelago 711:plantations and 494:Native speakers 479: 306:) is a group of 305: 300: 253: 248: 239: 225: 209: 202: 153:Spanish alphabet 144: 119: 95:Spanish Filipino 37: 21: 9377: 9376: 9372: 9371: 9370: 9368: 9367: 9366: 9292: 9291: 9290: 9285: 9259: 9243: 9147: 9129: 9092:Western Visayas 9086: 9057:Cotabato Manobo 9038: 8985: 8882: 8864: 8846: 8824:Eastern Visayas 8818: 8755: 8667: 8635:Central Visayas 8629: 8556: 8508: 8469: 8450:Nagtipunan Agta 8405:Dupaningan Agta 8366: 8352:Rinconada Bikol 8298: 8279:Pangutaran Sama 8253: 8247: 8169: 8148: 8143: 8113: 8108: 8097:Central America 8058: 7955: 7899: 7889: 7779:Coastal Ecuador 7686: 7625: 7581:Central America 7575: 7530: 7524: 7498:Africa and Asia 7493: 7483: 7444:Hugo Schuchardt 7425:Wayback Machine 7413:Wayback Machine 7402: 7379: 7377: 7369: 7363: 7344: 7337: 7328: 7326: 7318: 7312: 7297: 7288: 7286: 7257: 7248: 7246: 7236: 7211: 7202: 7200: 7182: 7151: 7138: 7126: 7086: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7069: 7064: 7060: 7053: 7040: 7039: 7035: 7020: 7007: 7006: 7002: 6988: 6987: 6980: 6966: 6965: 6961: 6954: 6939: 6934: 6933: 6926: 6917: 6916: 6912: 6904: 6900: 6895: 6891: 6876: 6860: 6859: 6855: 6845: 6843: 6839: 6834: 6833: 6829: 6822: 6807: 6806: 6802: 6794: 6790: 6774: 6773: 6769: 6739: 6738: 6734: 6725: 6723: 6714: 6713: 6706: 6701: 6692: 6682: 6680: 6671: 6670: 6659: 6650: 6648: 6640: 6639: 6635: 6626: 6624: 6616: 6615: 6611: 6601:Wayback Machine 6592: 6588: 6581: 6577: 6569: 6565: 6561: 6518: 6443: 6408: 6380:present perfect 6187:present perfect 6183: 5662: 5583: 5566: 5563:common/familiar 5543: 5537: 5515:de/di nuestro ( 5514: 5508: 5505:common/familiar 5502: 5499:common/familiar 5486:de iya (Chino) 5480: 5478: 5476: 5457: 5451: 5445: 5439: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5361: 5348: 5346: 5339:ellos (formal) 5338: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5304: 5289: 5287: 5279: 5277: 5259: 5241: 5236: 5234: 5230:usted (formal) 5229: 5227: 5177: 5117: 5059:el maga mayores 5055:el maga mujeres 4882:the councilors 4871:the professors 4766: 4643:el madre/monja 4637:the priest/nun 4437: 4319: 4230:Nunca ay comprá 4177:Ay hindê comprá 4039:Ay hindê comprá 4025:Ay hindê comprá 3963:Hindê ta comprá 3949:Hindê ta comprá 3923: 3850: 3833: 3828: 3533: 3514: 3483: 3314: 3291: 3277: 3206: 3008: 2959: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2814: 2741:spoken language 2729: 2723: 2720: 2714:Please see the 2713: 2704: 2693: 2298: 2296:Forms and style 2293: 2280:for the People, 2259:I am a Filipino 2256: 2219: 2182: 2177: 2095: 1980: 1971: 1966: 1922: 1893: 1796: 1762: 1708:(‘I saw José.’) 1690: 1685: 1593: 1530:creole language 1493: 1481: 1475: 1472: 1465:needs expansion 1450: 1438: 1432: 1429: 1422:needs expansion 1407: 1384:Hugo Schuchardt 1292: 1113: 1084: 1000:Lanao del Norte 924: 819:Mexican Spanish 815: 813:Characteristics 462:Ternate, Cavite 422: 417: 367:Manila galleons 298: 268:Without proper 256: 255: 251: 235: 221: 205: 198: 167: 160:Official status 145: 140: 134: 120: 117:Language family 115: 106: 105:Native speakers 99: 76:Ternate, Cavite 74:(Caviteño) and 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9375: 9373: 9365: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9294: 9293: 9287: 9286: 9284: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9267: 9265: 9261: 9260: 9258: 9257: 9251: 9249: 9248:Sign languages 9245: 9244: 9242: 9241: 9240: 9239: 9229: 9224: 9223: 9222: 9217: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9186: 9185: 9180: 9170: 9165: 9159: 9157: 9153: 9152: 9149: 9148: 9146: 9145: 9139: 9137: 9131: 9130: 9128: 9127: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9096: 9094: 9088: 9087: 9085: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9048: 9046: 9040: 9039: 9037: 9036: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9001: 8995: 8993: 8987: 8986: 8984: 8983: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8963: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8943: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8892: 8890: 8884: 8883: 8881: 8880: 8874: 8872: 8866: 8865: 8863: 8862: 8856: 8854: 8848: 8847: 8845: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8828: 8826: 8820: 8819: 8817: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8765: 8763: 8757: 8756: 8754: 8753: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8733: 8728: 8723: 8718: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8693: 8688: 8683: 8677: 8675: 8669: 8668: 8666: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8639: 8637: 8631: 8630: 8628: 8627: 8625:Umiray Dumaget 8622: 8617: 8612: 8607: 8602: 8597: 8592: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8566: 8564: 8558: 8557: 8555: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8518: 8516: 8510: 8509: 8507: 8506: 8504:Umiray Dumaget 8501: 8496: 8490: 8485: 8479: 8477: 8471: 8470: 8468: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8400:Dinapigue Agta 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8376: 8374: 8372:Cagayan Valley 8368: 8367: 8365: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8317:Inagta Partido 8314: 8308: 8306: 8300: 8299: 8297: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8270: 8268: 8259: 8249: 8248: 8246: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8179: 8177: 8171: 8170: 8168: 8167: 8162: 8156: 8154: 8150: 8149: 8144: 8142: 8141: 8134: 8127: 8119: 8110: 8109: 8107: 8106: 8101: 8100: 8099: 8087: 8086: 8085: 8066: 8064: 8060: 8059: 8057: 8056: 8046: 8036: 8026: 8016: 8009: 7995: 7994: 7993: 7992: 7991: 7989:Tetuani Ladino 7979:Judaeo-Spanish 7976: 7969: 7963: 7961: 7957: 7956: 7954: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7933: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7907: 7905: 7895: 7894: 7891: 7890: 7888: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7876: 7875: 7863: 7862: 7861: 7849: 7844: 7843: 7842: 7830: 7825: 7824: 7823: 7811: 7810: 7809: 7797: 7796: 7795: 7783: 7782: 7781: 7769: 7764: 7763: 7762: 7750: 7749: 7748: 7736: 7731: 7730: 7729: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7696: 7694: 7688: 7687: 7685: 7684: 7679: 7678: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7660: 7655: 7635: 7633: 7627: 7626: 7624: 7623: 7618: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7585: 7583: 7577: 7576: 7574: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7547: 7545: 7536: 7526: 7525: 7523: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7501: 7499: 7495: 7494: 7484: 7482: 7481: 7474: 7467: 7459: 7453: 7452: 7447: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7415: 7401: 7400:External links 7398: 7390: 7389: 7386: 7367: 7361: 7335: 7316: 7310: 7295: 7270:(2): 367–378. 7255: 7234: 7209: 7180: 7164:10.1075/cll.33 7149: 7136: 7133: 7124: 7121: 7101:10.2307/332588 7082: 7079: 7077: 7076: 7067: 7058: 7052:978-9711801311 7051: 7033: 7018: 7000: 6978: 6959: 6952: 6924: 6910: 6898: 6889: 6874: 6853: 6827: 6820: 6800: 6788: 6767: 6748:(1): 167–174. 6732: 6704: 6690: 6679:. July 3, 2023 6657: 6633: 6609: 6586: 6575: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6556: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6524: 6517: 6514: 6513: 6512: 6508: 6507: 6503: 6502: 6490: 6489: 6477: 6476: 6462: 6461: 6456: 6455: 6451: 6450: 6442: 6439: 6421:el maga soldao 6407: 6404: 6401: 6400: 6397: 6393: 6392: 6389: 6374: 6373: 6370: 6366: 6365: 6362: 6355:respectively: 6349:future perfect 6343: 6342: 6339: 6335: 6334: 6331: 6323: 6322: 6319: 6315: 6314: 6311: 6272: 6271: 6268: 6265: 6261: 6260: 6257: 6254: 6250: 6249: 6246: 6243: 6239: 6238: 6235: 6232: 6228: 6227: 6224: 6221: 6182: 6179: 6176: 6175: 6172: 6169: 6166: 6163: 6160: 6156: 6155: 6152: 6149: 6146: 6143: 6140: 6136: 6135: 6132: 6129: 6126: 6123: 6120: 6116: 6115: 6112: 6109: 6106: 6103: 6100: 6096: 6095: 6092: 6091:Present tense 6089: 6086: 6083: 6080: 6061: 6060: 6057: 6054: 6051: 6048: 6045: 6041: 6040: 6037: 6034: 6031: 6028: 6025: 6021: 6020: 6017: 6014: 6011: 6008: 6005: 6001: 6000: 5997: 5994: 5991: 5988: 5985: 5981: 5980: 5977: 5976:Present tense 5974: 5971: 5968: 5965: 5958:respectively: 5930: 5929: 5926: 5923: 5920: 5917: 5914: 5910: 5909: 5906: 5903: 5900: 5897: 5894: 5890: 5889: 5886: 5883: 5880: 5877: 5874: 5870: 5869: 5866: 5863: 5860: 5857: 5854: 5850: 5849: 5846: 5845:Present tense 5843: 5840: 5837: 5834: 5827:respectively: 5799: 5798: 5795: 5792: 5789: 5786: 5783: 5779: 5778: 5775: 5772: 5769: 5766: 5763: 5759: 5758: 5755: 5752: 5749: 5746: 5743: 5739: 5738: 5735: 5732: 5729: 5726: 5723: 5719: 5718: 5715: 5714:Present tense 5712: 5709: 5706: 5703: 5696:respectively: 5676:(from Spanish 5668:(from Spanish 5661: 5658: 5582: 5579: 5576: 5575: 5572: 5559: 5553: 5552: 5549: 5530: 5524: 5523: 5520: 5495: 5489: 5488: 5482: 5473: 5467: 5466: 5463: 5432: 5426: 5425: 5419: 5418:di mio/di mío 5408: 5402: 5401: 5398: 5395: 5360: 5357: 5354: 5353: 5350: 5343: 5340: 5335: 5329: 5328: 5322: 5313: 5308: 5301: 5295: 5294: 5291: 5284: 5281: 5274: 5268: 5267: 5264: 5261: 5256: 5250: 5249: 5243: 5238: 5231: 5224: 5218: 5217: 5211: 5208: 5205: 5199: 5198: 5195: 5192: 5189: 5186: 5176: 5173: 5142:familiar forms 5116: 5113: 5112: 5111: 5105:el maga nación 5078: 5077: 5044: 5043: 5037: 5031: 5025: 5010: 5009: 4981: 4980: 4939: 4938: 4912:los chavacanos 4900:los caballeros 4890: 4889: 4886: 4883: 4879: 4878: 4875: 4872: 4868: 4867: 4864: 4861: 4857: 4856: 4853: 4850: 4846: 4845: 4842: 4839: 4835: 4834: 4831: 4828: 4824: 4823: 4820: 4817: 4816:the engineers 4813: 4812: 4809: 4806: 4802: 4801: 4798: 4795: 4791: 4790: 4787: 4784: 4765: 4762: 4761: 4760: 4727: 4726: 4707: 4706: 4678: 4677: 4674: 4671: 4670:the councilor 4667: 4666: 4663: 4660: 4659:the professor 4656: 4655: 4652: 4649: 4645: 4644: 4641: 4638: 4634: 4633: 4630: 4627: 4623: 4622: 4619: 4616: 4612: 4611: 4608: 4605: 4601: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4590: 4589: 4586: 4583: 4579: 4578: 4575: 4572: 4560: 4559: 4556: 4553: 4549: 4548: 4545: 4542: 4538: 4537: 4534: 4531: 4527: 4526: 4523: 4520: 4516: 4515: 4512: 4509: 4505: 4504: 4501: 4498: 4494: 4493: 4490: 4487: 4483: 4482: 4479: 4476: 4472: 4471: 4468: 4465: 4461: 4460: 4457: 4454: 4436: 4435:Singular nouns 4433: 4432: 4431: 4430: 4429: 4424:un tal Juancho 4421: 4420: 4419: 4404:or the phrase 4398: 4397: 4396: 4395: 4386: 4385: 4384: 4371: 4370: 4360: 4359:(’a spinster’) 4350: 4345:(’the box’) – 4318: 4315: 4314: 4313: 4312: 4311: 4290: 4289: 4288: 4287: 4251: 4250: 4249: 4248: 4227: 4198: 4197: 4196: 4195: 4174: 4152: 4151: 4150: 4149: 4124: 4123: 4122: 4121: 4098:Present Tense 4089: 4088: 4087: 4086: 4069: 4055: 4054: 4053: 4036: 4018: 4017: 4016: 4015: 3998: 3980: 3979: 3978: 3977: 3960: 3944:Present Tense 3922: 3919: 3918: 3917: 3916: 3915: 3902: 3901: 3900: 3899: 3898: 3897: 3891: 3888: 3885: 3868: 3849: 3846: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3820: 3819:hear, to hear 3817: 3814: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3801: 3798: 3795: 3789: 3788: 3785: 3782: 3779: 3773: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3763: 3757: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3741: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3725: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3709: 3708: 3705: 3702: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3677: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3645: 3644: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3613: 3612: 3611:kick, to kick 3609: 3606: 3603: 3597: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3581: 3580: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3565: 3564: 3563:fall, to fall 3561: 3558: 3555: 3549: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3541:Pronunciation 3539: 3532: 3529: 3528: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3513: 3510: 3509: 3508: 3505: 3498: 3491: 3482: 3479: 3477:in Chavacano. 3464: 3463: 3456: 3449: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3427:southern Spain 3411: 3322: 3321: 3306: 3303: 3295: 3292: 3283: 3279: 3278: 3269: 3266: 3258: 3255: 3247: 3243: 3242: 3234: 3231: 3223: 3220: 3212: 3208: 3207: 3198: 3195: 3187: 3184: 3176: 3172: 3171: 3163: 3160: 3152: 3149: 3141: 3137: 3136: 3128: 3125: 3117: 3114: 3106: 3102: 3101: 3093: 3090: 3082: 3079: 3071: 3067: 3066: 3058: 3055: 3047: 3044: 3036: 3032: 3031: 3023: 3020: 3012: 3009: 3000: 2996: 2995: 2987: 2984: 2976: 2973: 2965: 2958: 2955: 2813: 2810: 2731: 2730: 2707: 2705: 2698: 2692: 2691:Writing system 2689: 2686: 2685: 2682: 2681:flaco/flaquit 2679: 2676: 2675:thin (person) 2672: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2658: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2644: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2634: 2630: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2616: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2602: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2588: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2574: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2560: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2546: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2532: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2518: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2504: 2503: 2502:pequeño/chico 2500: 2497: 2494: 2490: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2476: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2462: 2461: 2458: 2457:mámang (nana) 2455: 2452: 2448: 2447: 2444: 2443:pápang (tata) 2441: 2438: 2434: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2420: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2406: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2392: 2391: 2390:vianda/comida 2388: 2385: 2384:vianda/comida 2382: 2378: 2377: 2374: 2373:aguacero/ulan 2371: 2368: 2364: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2350: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2336: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2288: 2287: 2284: 2283:for Nature and 2281: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2255: 2252: 2251: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2243:por el pueblo, 2241: 2238: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2218: 2215: 2214: 2213: 2212:y para Patria. 2210: 2207: 2206:para'l pueblo, 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2172: 2171: 2147: 2146: 2143: 2135: 2134: 2131: 2127: 2126: 2110: 2109: 2106: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2079: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2068: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2057: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2026: 2022: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2005: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1989: 1985: 1984: 1979: 1976: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1962: 1950: 1938: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1892: 1889: 1867: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1850: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1836: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1816: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1775: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1761: 1758: 1757: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1592: 1589: 1582:United Kingdom 1562:United Kingdom 1542:Zamboanga City 1501:Subanon people 1497:Zamboanga City 1492: 1489: 1483: 1482: 1462: 1460: 1449: 1446: 1440: 1439: 1419: 1417: 1406: 1403: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1252: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1241: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1230: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1219: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1208: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1112: 1109: 1083: 1080: 1060:South Cotabato 1052:Sultan Kudarat 1020:South Cotabato 1012:Sultan Kudarat 929:Zamboanga City 923: 920: 825:and possibly, 814: 811: 736:Zamboanga City 682: 681: 678: 675: 662: 656: 655: 652: 649: 636: 630: 629: 626: 623: 610: 604: 603: 600: 597: 584: 578: 577: 574: 571: 558: 552: 551: 548: 545: 506:Zamboanga City 502: 496: 495: 492: 488:Main language 486: 483: 421: 418: 416: 413: 316:Zamboanga City 286: 285: 272:, you may see 258: 257: 250: 249: 241: 240: 233: 227: 226: 219: 211: 210: 203: 195: 194: 193:Language codes 190: 189: 184: 178: 177: 168: 165: 162: 161: 157: 156: 146: 142:Writing system 139: 136: 135: 133: 132: 123: 121: 114: 111: 110: 107: 104: 101: 100: 98: 97: 92: 86: 84: 80: 79: 64:Zamboanga City 61: 57: 56: 51: 50:Native to 47: 46: 42: 41: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9374: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9357:False friends 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9299: 9297: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9268: 9266: 9262: 9256: 9253: 9252: 9250: 9246: 9238: 9235: 9234: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9212: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9175: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9160: 9158: 9154: 9144: 9141: 9140: 9138: 9136: 9132: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9097: 9095: 9093: 9089: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9049: 9047: 9045: 9041: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8996: 8994: 8992: 8988: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8893: 8891: 8889: 8885: 8879: 8876: 8875: 8873: 8871: 8867: 8861: 8858: 8857: 8855: 8853: 8852:Ilocos Region 8849: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8829: 8827: 8825: 8821: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8766: 8764: 8762: 8758: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8692: 8689: 8687: 8684: 8682: 8679: 8678: 8676: 8674: 8670: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8640: 8638: 8636: 8632: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8620:Southern Alta 8618: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8610:Northern Alta 8608: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8567: 8565: 8563: 8562:Central Luzon 8559: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8519: 8517: 8515: 8511: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8499:Southern Alta 8497: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8483:Inagta Alabat 8481: 8480: 8478: 8476: 8472: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8377: 8375: 8373: 8369: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8309: 8307: 8305: 8301: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8271: 8269: 8267: 8263: 8260: 8257: 8250: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8180: 8178: 8176: 8172: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8157: 8155: 8151: 8147: 8140: 8135: 8133: 8128: 8126: 8121: 8120: 8117: 8105: 8102: 8095: 8094: 8093: 8092: 8088: 8081: 8080: 8079: 8078: 8073: 8072: 8068: 8067: 8065: 8061: 8052: 8051: 8047: 8042: 8041: 8037: 8032: 8031: 8027: 8022: 8021: 8017: 8015: 8014: 8010: 8006: 8001: 8000: 7996: 7990: 7987: 7986: 7985: 7982: 7981: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7974: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7958: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7941:(Extremadura) 7939: 7938: 7934: 7929: 7928: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7896: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7871: 7870: 7869: 7868: 7864: 7857: 7856: 7855: 7854: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7838: 7837: 7836: 7835: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7819: 7818: 7817: 7816: 7812: 7805: 7804: 7803: 7802: 7798: 7791: 7790: 7789: 7788: 7784: 7777: 7776: 7775: 7774: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7758: 7757: 7756: 7755: 7751: 7744: 7743: 7742: 7741: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7725: 7724: 7723: 7722: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7697: 7695: 7693: 7692:South America 7689: 7683: 7680: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7665: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7646: 7642: 7641: 7640: 7639:United States 7637: 7636: 7634: 7632: 7631:North America 7628: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7616: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7586: 7584: 7582: 7578: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7548: 7546: 7544: 7540: 7537: 7534: 7533:Interamerican 7527: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7510:Equatoguinean 7508: 7506: 7503: 7502: 7500: 7496: 7491: 7487: 7480: 7475: 7473: 7468: 7466: 7461: 7460: 7457: 7451: 7448: 7445: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7422: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7410: 7407: 7404: 7403: 7399: 7397: 7395: 7387: 7375: 7374: 7368: 7364: 7358: 7354: 7350: 7343: 7342: 7336: 7324: 7323: 7317: 7313: 7311:9780608137933 7307: 7303: 7302: 7296: 7285: 7281: 7277: 7273: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7256: 7245: 7241: 7237: 7231: 7227: 7223: 7219: 7215: 7210: 7199: 7195: 7191: 7187: 7183: 7177: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7157: 7156: 7150: 7146: 7142: 7137: 7134: 7130: 7125: 7122: 7118: 7114: 7110: 7106: 7102: 7098: 7094: 7090: 7085: 7084: 7080: 7071: 7068: 7062: 7059: 7054: 7048: 7044: 7037: 7034: 7029: 7025: 7021: 7019:9789027289964 7015: 7011: 7004: 7001: 6996: 6992: 6985: 6983: 6979: 6974: 6970: 6963: 6960: 6955: 6953:9783110134179 6949: 6945: 6938: 6931: 6929: 6925: 6920: 6914: 6911: 6908: 6902: 6899: 6893: 6890: 6885: 6881: 6877: 6875:9789027291820 6871: 6867: 6863: 6857: 6854: 6838: 6831: 6828: 6823: 6817: 6813: 6812: 6804: 6801: 6797: 6792: 6789: 6785: 6780: 6779: 6771: 6768: 6763: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6747: 6743: 6736: 6733: 6722:on 2005-02-05 6721: 6717: 6711: 6709: 6705: 6699: 6697: 6695: 6691: 6678: 6674: 6668: 6666: 6664: 6662: 6658: 6647: 6643: 6637: 6634: 6623: 6619: 6613: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6595: 6590: 6587: 6584: 6579: 6576: 6572: 6567: 6564: 6558: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6519: 6515: 6510: 6509: 6505: 6504: 6500: 6499: 6498: 6496: 6495:false friends 6487: 6483: 6479: 6478: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6463: 6458: 6457: 6453: 6452: 6448: 6447: 6446: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6417: 6415: 6411: 6405: 6398: 6395: 6394: 6390: 6387: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6371: 6368: 6367: 6363: 6360: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6350: 6340: 6337: 6336: 6332: 6329: 6328: 6320: 6317: 6316: 6312: 6309: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6299: 6295: 6292:(before) and 6291: 6287: 6284:(before) and 6283: 6279: 6269: 6266: 6263: 6262: 6259:ay dormí ya. 6258: 6255: 6253:ya dormí ya. 6252: 6251: 6247: 6244: 6241: 6240: 6237:ay cantá ya. 6236: 6233: 6231:ya cantá ya. 6230: 6229: 6225: 6222: 6219: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6209: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6192: 6188: 6180: 6173: 6170: 6167: 6164: 6161: 6158: 6157: 6153: 6150: 6147: 6144: 6141: 6138: 6137: 6133: 6130: 6127: 6124: 6121: 6118: 6117: 6113: 6110: 6107: 6104: 6101: 6098: 6097: 6094:Future tense 6093: 6090: 6087: 6084: 6081: 6078: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6068: 6058: 6055: 6052: 6049: 6046: 6043: 6042: 6038: 6035: 6032: 6029: 6026: 6023: 6022: 6018: 6015: 6012: 6009: 6006: 6003: 6002: 5998: 5995: 5992: 5989: 5986: 5983: 5982: 5979:Future tense 5978: 5975: 5972: 5969: 5966: 5963: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5927: 5924: 5921: 5918: 5915: 5912: 5911: 5907: 5904: 5901: 5898: 5895: 5892: 5891: 5887: 5884: 5881: 5878: 5875: 5872: 5871: 5867: 5864: 5861: 5858: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5848:Future tense 5847: 5844: 5841: 5838: 5835: 5832: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5796: 5793: 5790: 5787: 5784: 5781: 5780: 5776: 5773: 5770: 5767: 5764: 5761: 5760: 5756: 5753: 5750: 5747: 5744: 5741: 5740: 5736: 5733: 5730: 5727: 5724: 5721: 5720: 5717:Future tense 5716: 5713: 5710: 5707: 5704: 5701: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5659: 5657: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5630: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5587: 5580: 5573: 5570: 5564: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5554: 5550: 5547: 5541: 5538:de vosotros ( 5535: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5525: 5521: 5518: 5512: 5507:) (inclusive) 5506: 5501:) (exclusive) 5500: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5490: 5487: 5483: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5468: 5464: 5461: 5455: 5449: 5443: 5437: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5427: 5424: 5420: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5403: 5399: 5397:Zamboangueño 5396: 5393: 5392: 5389: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5358: 5351: 5344: 5341: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5330: 5327: 5323: 5314: 5309: 5303:kamó (common) 5302: 5300: 5297: 5296: 5292: 5285: 5282: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5265: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5251: 5248: 5244: 5239: 5232: 5228:tú (familiar) 5225: 5223: 5220: 5219: 5216: 5212: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5200: 5196: 5193: 5190: 5188:Zamboangueño 5187: 5184: 5183: 5180: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5149: 5147: 5143: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5120: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5093:el maga mayor 5090: 5089:el maga mujer 5086: 5083: 5082: 5081: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5051:el maga meses 5049: 5048: 5047: 5041: 5038: 5035: 5032: 5029: 5026: 5023: 5020: 5019: 5018: 5014: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4992: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4987: 4986:Reduplication 4979: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4944: 4943: 4942: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4924:las almujadas 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4898: 4897: 4896: 4887: 4884: 4881: 4880: 4876: 4873: 4870: 4869: 4865: 4862: 4859: 4858: 4854: 4851: 4848: 4847: 4843: 4840: 4837: 4836: 4832: 4829: 4826: 4825: 4821: 4818: 4815: 4814: 4810: 4807: 4804: 4803: 4799: 4796: 4794:the teachers 4793: 4792: 4788: 4785: 4782: 4781: 4778: 4774: 4772: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4732: 4731: 4730: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4711: 4710: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4696:el negociante 4693: 4689: 4685: 4684: 4683: 4676:el consejala 4675: 4672: 4669: 4668: 4665:el profesora 4664: 4661: 4658: 4657: 4653: 4650: 4647: 4646: 4642: 4639: 4636: 4635: 4631: 4628: 4625: 4624: 4620: 4617: 4614: 4613: 4610:el engeniera 4609: 4607:el engeniero 4606: 4604:the engineer 4603: 4602: 4598: 4595: 4592: 4591: 4587: 4584: 4581: 4580: 4576: 4573: 4570: 4569: 4566: 4557: 4554: 4551: 4550: 4546: 4543: 4540: 4539: 4535: 4532: 4529: 4528: 4524: 4521: 4518: 4517: 4513: 4510: 4507: 4506: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4495: 4491: 4488: 4485: 4484: 4480: 4477: 4474: 4473: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4462: 4458: 4455: 4452: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4442: 4434: 4427: 4426: 4425: 4422: 4417: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4403: 4393: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4382: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4375: 4374: 4368: 4367:el un soltera 4364: 4363:el un soltero 4361: 4358: 4354: 4351: 4349:(’the boxes’) 4348: 4344: 4341: 4340: 4339: 4337: 4333: 4328: 4324: 4316: 4309: 4308: 4306: 4305:con el tierra 4302: 4298: 4295: 4294: 4293: 4292:Future Tense 4285: 4284: 4282: 4281:con el tierra 4278: 4274: 4271: 4270: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4246: 4245: 4243: 4239: 4238:con el tierra 4235: 4231: 4228: 4225: 4221: 4220:con el tierra 4217: 4213: 4210: 4209: 4208: 4207:Future Tense 4205: 4203: 4193: 4192: 4190: 4186: 4185:con el tierra 4182: 4178: 4175: 4172: 4168: 4167:con el tierra 4164: 4160: 4157: 4156: 4155: 4154:Future Tense 4147: 4146: 4144: 4140: 4139:con el tierra 4136: 4132: 4129: 4128: 4127: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4112: 4111:con el tierra 4108: 4104: 4101: 4100: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4084: 4083: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4070: 4067: 4066:con el tierra 4063: 4059: 4056: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4037: 4034: 4033:con el tierra 4030: 4026: 4023: 4022: 4021: 4020:Future Tense 4013: 4012: 4010: 4006: 4002: 4001:No hay comprá 3999: 3996: 3995:con el tierra 3992: 3988: 3987:No hay comprá 3985: 3984: 3983: 3975: 3974: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3961: 3958: 3957:con el tierra 3954: 3950: 3947: 3946: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3920: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3906: 3905: 3895: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3886: 3883: 3882: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3865:con el tierra 3862: 3858: 3855: 3854: 3853: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3838: 3830: 3825: 3818: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3806: 3802: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3790: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3774: 3770: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3742: 3738: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3726: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3690: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3678: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3662: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3646: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3630: 3626: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3614: 3610: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3598: 3594: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3582: 3579:fallen, fell 3578: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3566: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3550: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3536: 3530: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3515: 3511: 3506: 3499: 3492: 3485: 3484: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3472: 3457: 3450: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3428: 3424: 3423:Latin America 3420: 3412: 3406: 3405: 3404: 3401: 3397: 3387: 3380: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3359: 3357: 3349: 3341: 3329: 3317: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3287: 3284: 3281: 3280: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3244: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3209: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3191: 3188: 3185: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3173: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3145: 3142: 3139: 3138: 3132: 3129: 3126: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3103: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3068: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3040: 3037: 3034: 3033: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3016: 3013: 3010: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2997: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2980: 2977: 2974: 2969: 2966: 2963: 2962: 2956: 2954: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2782: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2754: 2750: 2747: 2742: 2738: 2727: 2717: 2711: 2706: 2697: 2696: 2690: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2673: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2659: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2645: 2641: 2639:rayo/quirlat 2638: 2635: 2632: 2631: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2617: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2603: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2589: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2575: 2572:(mis) padres 2571: 2568: 2566:(mis) padres 2565: 2563:(my) parents 2562: 2561: 2557: 2555:casado/casao 2554: 2551: 2548: 2547: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2533: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2505: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2491: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2477: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2463: 2460:mamá (madre) 2459: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2449: 2446:papá (padre) 2445: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2435: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2421: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2407: 2404:orgulloso(a) 2403: 2400: 2398:orgulloso(a) 2397: 2394: 2393: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2379: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2365: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2351: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2258: 2257: 2253: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2224: 2221: 2220: 2216: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2183: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2150:Kirei (綺麗) – 2149: 2148: 2144: 2141: 2137: 2136: 2132: 2129: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2111: 2107: 2104: 2103: 2102: 2100: 2092: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2080: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2069: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2058: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2023: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2007: 2006: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1993: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1982: 1981: 1977: 1975: 1968: 1961: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1949: 1945: 1943: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1926: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1910: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1890: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1876: 1875:Jesús Balmori 1872: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1837: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1817: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1797: 1793: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1776: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1765: 1759: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1691: 1687: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1672: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1554: 1550: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1536:and/or as an 1535: 1534:lingua franca 1531: 1527: 1521: 1517: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1490: 1488: 1479: 1476:February 2018 1470: 1466: 1463:This section 1461: 1458: 1454: 1453: 1447: 1445: 1436: 1433:February 2018 1427: 1423: 1420:This section 1418: 1415: 1411: 1410: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1385: 1379: 1378: 1374: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1358: 1356: 1351: 1349: 1348: 1344:'s 1891 work 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1307: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1289: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1275: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1253: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1242: 1238: 1235: 1232: 1231: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1209: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1128: 1122: 1118: 1110: 1108: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1092: 1090: 1081: 1079: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1044:Cotabato City 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1024:Cotabato City 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1004:Lanao del Sur 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 984:Sunni Muslims 981: 977: 973: 968: 966: 962: 958: 953: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 930: 921: 919: 917: 913: 909: 908:Islamic terms 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 880: 878: 874: 873: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 812: 810: 808: 807:Cotabato City 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 726: 721: 719: 714: 710: 707:to man their 706: 702: 698: 697:Latin America 694: 690: 679: 676: 674: 673: 668: 667: 663: 661: 658: 654:3,000 (2013) 653: 650: 648: 647: 642: 641: 637: 635: 632: 627: 624: 622: 621: 616: 615: 611: 609: 606: 601: 598: 596: 595: 590: 589: 588:Cotabato City 585: 583: 580: 576:4,000 (2013) 575: 572: 570: 569: 564: 563: 559: 557: 554: 549: 546: 544: 543: 538: 537: 532: 531: 526: 525: 520: 519: 514: 513: 508: 507: 503: 501: 498: 493: 491: 487: 484: 481: 480: 477: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 426: 419: 414: 412: 410: 409: 408: 401: 399: 398:reduplication 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 370: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 339: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 304: 296: 292: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 265: 259: 247: 242: 238: 234: 232: 228: 224: 220: 218: 217: 212: 208: 204: 201: 196: 191: 188: 185: 183: 179: 176: 172: 169: 163: 158: 154: 150: 147: 143: 137: 131: 128: 127: 126: 122: 118: 112: 108: 102: 96: 93: 91: 88: 87: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 62: 58: 55: 52: 48: 43: 38: 33: 19: 9044:Soccsksargen 8870:Metro Manila 8761:Davao Region 8455:Paranan Agta 8347:Pandan Bikol 8304:Bicol Region 8192: 8089: 8075: 8069: 8048: 8040:Media Lengua 8038: 8029: 8028: 8018: 8011: 7997: 7971: 7935: 7925: 7865: 7859:Coastal Peru 7851: 7832: 7821:Paisa Region 7813: 7799: 7785: 7771: 7752: 7738: 7719: 7675:Sabine River 7662: 7649: 7644: 7613: 7566:Puerto Rican 7492:by continent 7391: 7378:. Retrieved 7372: 7340: 7327:. Retrieved 7321: 7300: 7287:. Retrieved 7267: 7263: 7247:. Retrieved 7217: 7201:. Retrieved 7154: 7144: 7140: 7128: 7095:(1): 23–34. 7092: 7088: 7070: 7061: 7042: 7036: 7009: 7003: 6994: 6972: 6962: 6943: 6913: 6901: 6892: 6865: 6856: 6844:. Retrieved 6830: 6810: 6803: 6798:Page 136-137 6791: 6782: 6777: 6770: 6745: 6741: 6735: 6724:. Retrieved 6720:the original 6681:. Retrieved 6676: 6649:. Retrieved 6645: 6636: 6625:. Retrieved 6621: 6612: 6589: 6578: 6571:Rubino (2008 6566: 6491: 6444: 6436: 6432: 6428: 6424: 6420: 6418: 6413: 6412: 6409: 6377: 6353:past perfect 6346: 6301: 6297: 6293: 6289: 6285: 6281: 6278:past perfect 6275: 6270:ay pedí ya. 6264:ya pedí ya. 6248:ay bebé ya. 6242:ya bebé ya. 6211: 6207: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6184: 6070: 6066: 6064: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5933: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5802: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5663: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5631: 5626: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5588: 5584: 5568: 5562: 5556: 5545: 5544:de ustedes ( 5539: 5533: 5527: 5516: 5510: 5504: 5498: 5492: 5485: 5470: 5459: 5453: 5447: 5441: 5435: 5429: 5422: 5405: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5362: 5332: 5325: 5298: 5271: 5253: 5246: 5221: 5215:ako (Chino) 5214: 5202: 5178: 5168: 5164: 5161:exclusive we 5156: 5153:inclusive we 5150: 5146:formal forms 5145: 5141: 5137:common forms 5136: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5121: 5118: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5045: 5039: 5033: 5027: 5021: 5015: 5011: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4984: 4982: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4893: 4805:the witches 4775: 4767: 4764:Plural nouns 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4728: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4708: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4681: 4673:el consejal 4662:el profesor 4621:el sastrera 4618:el sastrero 4582:the teacher 4563: 4544:el tragedia 4541:the tragedy 4438: 4423: 4412: 4405: 4401: 4399: 4388: 4377: 4372: 4366: 4362: 4356: 4352: 4346: 4342: 4335: 4331: 4326: 4322: 4320: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4291: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4253:The negator 4252: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4200:The negator 4199: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4153: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4125: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4091:The negator 4090: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4019: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3981: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3924: 3908: 3903: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3851: 3834: 3808: 3792: 3776: 3760: 3744: 3728: 3712: 3696: 3680: 3664: 3656:advertencia 3648: 3632: 3616: 3600: 3584: 3568: 3552: 3547:Significant 3481:Other sounds 3465: 3402: 3398: 3385: 3378: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3360: 3355: 3347: 3339: 3327: 3325: 3315: 3308: 3297: 3285: 3271: 3260: 3249: 3236: 3225: 3214: 3200: 3189: 3178: 3165: 3154: 3143: 3130: 3119: 3108: 3095: 3084: 3073: 3060: 3049: 3038: 3025: 3014: 3002: 2989: 2978: 2967: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2834: 2815: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2786:acute accent 2783: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2763:Austronesian 2758: 2755: 2751: 2737:Latin script 2734: 2724:January 2016 2721: 2709: 2586:travieso(a) 2580:travieso(a) 2521:hard-headed 2488:abuela/lela 2485:abuela/lola 2479:grandmother 2474:abuelo/lolo 2471:abuelo/lolo 2465:grandfather 2454:mamá (nana) 2440:papá (tata) 2387:comida/ulam 2359:kanon/arroz 2318: 2314: 2310: 2299: 2180:Zamboangueño 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2139: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2113:Kará (から) – 2096: 2047: 2043: 2032: 2028: 2012: 2008: 1995: 1991: 1972: 1958: 1953: 1952: 1946: 1941: 1940: 1934: 1929: 1928: 1912: 1908: 1905: 1885: 1880: 1870: 1868: 1825:Y de repente 1808:El buan y en 1688:Zamboangueño 1673: 1660: 1594: 1586: 1574:Isabela City 1546: 1540:, mainly in 1522: 1518: 1494: 1491:Zamboangueño 1486: 1473: 1469:adding to it 1464: 1443: 1430: 1426:adding to it 1421: 1399: 1390: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1372: 1370: 1365: 1361: 1359: 1354: 1353: 1345: 1337: 1334:Supercherías 1333: 1329: 1327: 1322: 1308: 1296: 1293: 1189: 1185: 1155: 1153: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1134: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1114: 1105: 1093: 1085: 1048:Soccsksargen 1031: 995: 991: 969: 954: 927: 925: 922:Demographics 881: 876: 866: 841:, primarily 816: 802: 798: 794: 775: 771: 732:Zamboangueño 731: 730: 722: 689:Zamboangueño 685: 670: 664: 659: 644: 638: 633: 618: 614:Davao Region 612: 607: 592: 586: 581: 566: 560: 555: 540: 534: 528: 522: 516: 510: 504: 499: 489: 465: 457: 453: 445: 431: 404: 402: 371: 340: 294: 290: 289: 261: 231:Linguasphere 214: 129: 90:Zamboangueño 9281:Old Cebuano 9276:Old Tagalog 8971:Romblomanon 8600:Kasiguranin 8495:(Remontado) 8493:Hatang Kayi 8312:Albay Bikol 8223:Maguindanao 8213:Kapampangan 8005:Para-Romani 7867:Rioplatense 7807:Zulia State 7670:New Mexican 7658:Californian 7594:Costa Rican 7571:Trinidadian 7440:1883 letter 7380:18 December 7329:18 December 6618:"Chavacano" 6429:el criminal 6088:Past tense 5973:Past tense 5842:Past tense 5711:Past tense 5085:el maga mes 4920:las mañanas 4838:the babies 4738:el pantalón 4700:el ayudante 4588:el maestra 4585:el maestro 4552:the doctor 4464:the virgin 4268:Past Tense 4126:Past Tense 4082:(subject). 4049:(subject). 4011:(subject). 3982:Past Tense 3973:(subject). 3881:(subject). 3720:institutuo 3392:instead of 3204:/ˈuvedoble/ 2619:rainshower 2418:auto/coche 2356:morisqueta 2162:(Spanish); 2117:(Spanish); 1913:Ternateño). 1280:Manila Bay 1269:Manila Bay 1225:Manila Bay 1111:Terminology 1040:Maguindanao 1008:Maguindanao 894:. Words of 821:, southern 805:(spoken in 742:, parts of 677:0 (extinct) 594:Maguindanao 562:Cavite City 460:(spoken in 450:Cavite City 448:(spoken in 392:, but like 312:Philippines 276:instead of 175:Philippines 72:Cavite City 54:Philippines 9296:Categories 9215:Indonesian 9024:Matigsalug 8673:Cordillera 8643:Bantayanon 8605:Mariveleño 8552:Surigaonon 8527:Ata Manobo 8475:Calabarzon 8266:Bangsamoro 8233:Pangasinan 8198:Hiligaynon 8050:Papiamento 8020:Palenquero 7911:Andalusian 7902:Peninsular 7885:Venezuelan 7828:Paraguayan 7773:Equatorial 7767:Ecuadorian 7621:Salvadoran 7609:Nicaraguan 7599:Guatemalan 7561:Panamanian 7515:Philippine 7353:0138/28255 7198:2008019875 7172:10197/6022 7147:: 205–226. 7081:References 6851:(Appendix) 6846:2021-03-23 6726:2018-10-19 6702:Ethnologue 6683:January 6, 6651:2018-11-16 6627:2018-11-16 6622:Ethnologue 6197:. Second, 5458:de usted ( 5381:Hiligaynon 5036:(accepted) 5024:(accepted) 4932:las plumas 4916:los santos 4908:las noches 4754:el ventana 4713:Examples: 4692:el capitan 4688:el alcalde 4686:Examples: 4599:el buruja 4596:el burujo 4593:the witch 4555:el doctor 4475:the peace 4467:el virgen 4357:un soltera 4353:un soltero 4307:(object). 4299:(subject) 4283:(object). 4275:(subject) 4236:(subject) 4214:(subject) 4183:(subject) 4161:(subject) 4133:(subject) 4105:(subject) 4064:(subject) 4031:(subject) 3993:(subject) 3955:(subject) 3863:(subject) 3723:institute 3531:Diphthongs 3471:fricatives 3390:/kastilla/ 2633:lightning 2524:testarudo 2423:housemaid 2306:sociolects 2291:Vocabulary 2203:para Dios, 1671:, Manila. 1657:Maragondon 1621:Portuguese 1617:New Guinea 1342:José Rizal 1336:) and 28 ( 1319:Palenquero 1315:Papiamento 1211:Zamboanga 1173:Hiligaynon 1064:Saranggani 1028:Saranggani 978:, and the 888:Hiligaynon 886:including 827:Portuguese 803:Cotabateño 718:Hiligaynon 701:Fort Pilar 620:Davao City 396:, it uses 9220:Malaysian 9115:Caluyanon 8946:Kagayanen 8896:Agutaynen 8809:Sarangani 8804:Sangirese 8741:Kankanaey 8731:Kalanguya 8663:Porohanon 8653:Karolanos 8435:Kalanguya 8327:Masbateño 8193:Chavacano 8071:Cocoliche 8030:Chavacano 8013:Spanglish 7931:(Galicia) 7921:Castilian 7880:Uruguayan 7801:Maracucho 7734:Colombian 7556:Dominican 7543:Caribbean 7284:0920-9034 7244:0920-9026 7190:0920-9026 7109:0018-2133 7028:300482807 6884:233632814 6762:0920-9034 6559:Footnotes 6300:+ verb + 6189:. First, 6139:to sleep 6119:to drink 6039:di dormí 6036:ta dormí 6024:to sleep 6004:to drink 5999:di cantá 5996:ta cantá 5908:di dormí 5905:ta dormí 5902:ya dormí 5893:to sleep 5873:to drink 5868:di cantá 5865:ta cantá 5862:ya cantá 5777:ay dormí 5774:ta dormí 5771:ya dormí 5762:to sleep 5742:to drink 5737:ay cantá 5734:ta cantá 5731:ya cantá 5591:continuar 5574:de ellos 5509:nuestro ( 5326:vosotros 5191:Caviteño 5042:(correct) 5030:(correct) 4936:las cosas 4928:las mesas 4746:el camino 4742:el comida 4734:el cocina 4719:el puerco 4704:el chufer 4654:el nieta 4651:el nieto 4626:the baby 4533:el vista 4530:the view 4519:the moon 4301:ay comprá 4240:(object) 4222:(object) 4216:ay comprá 4187:(object) 4169:(object) 4163:ay comprá 4141:(object) 4135:ya comprá 4113:(object) 4107:ta comprá 4078:(object) 4068:(object). 4045:(object) 4035:(object). 4007:(object) 3997:(object). 3969:(object) 3959:(object). 3877:(object) 3871:Ta comprá 3867:(object). 3857:Ta comprá 3749:strong g 3736:qué, que 3672:cien(to) 3458:ci, si ~ 3451:ti, te ~ 3444:di, de ~ 3419:Caribbean 3394:/kastiʎa/ 2716:talk page 2541:chinelas 2535:slippers 2516:fastidio 2510:fastidio 2507:nuisance 2345:malandug 2339:slippery 2302:registers 2240:por Dios, 2170:(English) 2164:beautiful 2125:(English) 2029:Valentina 1882:dentro... 1828:¡Ay nakú! 1547:When the 1330:Chabacano 1258:Mindanao 1247:Mindanao 1244:Cotabato 1236:Mindanao 1214:Mindanao 1200:Location 1137:Chavacano 1127:chabacano 1121:Chabacano 1117:Chavacano 1115:The term 1076:Bicolanos 988:Tawi-Tawi 748:Tawi-Tawi 524:Tawi-Tawi 458:Ternateño 420:Varieties 407:Chabacano 403:The word 353:to reach 295:Chabacano 291:Chavacano 237:51-AAC-ba 216:Glottolog 200:ISO 639-3 130:Chavacano 83:Ethnicity 45:Chabacano 40:Chavacano 9200:Japanese 9183:Mandarin 9120:Capiznon 9004:Higaonon 8976:Tadyawan 8966:Ratagnon 8961:Palawano 8888:Mimaropa 8842:Kabalian 8814:Tagabawa 8774:Davaoeño 8686:Balangao 8537:Higaonon 8532:Butuanon 8390:Bugkalot 8160:Filipino 8091:Malespín 8077:Lunfardo 8034:(creole) 8024:(creole) 7967:Standard 7927:Castrapo 7916:Canarian 7853:Ribereño 7847:Peruvian 7740:Cordobés 7710:Bolivian 7700:Amazonic 7604:Honduran 7589:Belizean 7529:Americas 7505:Canarian 7421:Archived 7409:Archived 7089:Hispania 6597:Archived 6548:Hispanic 6527:Portugis 6516:See also 6099:to sing 6059:di pedí 6056:ta pedí 6033:a dormí 6019:di bebé 6016:ta bebé 5993:a cantá 5984:to sing 5928:di pedí 5925:ta pedí 5922:ya pedí 5888:di bebé 5885:ta bebé 5882:ya bebé 5853:to sing 5797:ay pedí 5794:ta pedí 5791:ya pedí 5757:ay bebé 5754:ta bebé 5751:ya bebé 5722:to sing 5611:continuá 5561:de ila ( 5540:familiar 5522:nuestro 5454:familiar 5448:familiar 5442:familiar 5434:de vos ( 5383:but not 5324:ustedes 5169:nosotros 5129:familiar 5115:Pronouns 4904:los dias 4750:el trapo 4723:el perro 4632:el niña 4629:el niño 4522:el luna 4508:the sun 4500:el gato 4497:the cat 4486:the sea 4343:el cajón 3688:canción 3544:Example 3538:Letters 3386:Castilla 2812:Alphabet 2788:and the 2667:ipo-ipo 2661:tornado 2625:talítih 2577:naughty 2549:married 2538:chancla 2334:Spanish 2325:English 2140:op. cit. 2099:Japanese 2044:Conching 1992:Ayudante 1988:La Ayuda 1794:Ermiteño 1773:English 1770:Spanish 1613:Moluccas 1601:Catholic 1597:Merdicas 1509:Mindanao 1277:Ternate 1233:Basilan 1163:(mostly 1056:Cotabato 1016:Cotabato 957:Semporna 791:Japanese 768:Mindanao 680:Extinct 628:No data 602:No data 482:Variety 466:Ermiteño 446:Caviteño 384:. Among 355:Acapulco 349:through 320:Mindanao 282:Help:IPA 223:chav1241 9232:Spanish 9178:Hokkien 9173:Chinese 9143:Subanen 9100:Aklanon 9082:Tiruray 9062:Ilianen 9029:Subanen 9019:Kamigin 9009:Ilianen 8981:Tawbuid 8936:Hanunoo 8931:Cuyonon 8901:Alangan 8878:Taglish 8860:Bolinao 8832:Abaknon 8794:Mansaka 8789:Mandaya 8779:Kalagan 8746:Malaweg 8736:Kalinga 8696:Ga'dang 8658:Magahat 8648:Eskayan 8585:Botolan 8570:Abellen 8547:Mamanwa 8460:Paranan 8445:Malaweg 8425:Itbayat 8410:Gaddang 8238:Tagalog 8228:Maranao 8218:Karay-a 8208:Ilocano 8188:Cebuano 8165:English 8063:Extinct 7984:Haketia 7973:Llanito 7946:Murcian 7834:Pastuso 7787:Llanero 7721:Chilote 7715:Chilean 7682:Mexican 7650:Chicano 7615:Pachuco 7520:Saharan 7490:Spanish 6425:ya mata 6294:despues 6286:despues 6151:duerme 6148:durmió 6145:dormir 6142:dormir 6105:cantar 6102:cantar 6053:a pedí 6027:dormir 6013:a bebé 5987:cantar 5952:present 5896:dormir 5856:cantar 5821:present 5765:dormir 5725:cantar 5690:present 5680:), and 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