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Telingana from their administrative headquarters at
Panagal. In 1124 CE, Udayaraju of a branch of the Telugu Chola dynasty constructed a large water tank to the northeast of the town. Between about 1150 to 1250 CE, two major temples were built in Panagal, including the Chaya Someswara temple. There is no foundation inscription available at this temple, and the estimated date of completion vary by scholars. Dhaky and Meister date it to mid 11th-century based on the architectural style and iconography, attributing it to the
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history of
Panagal is evidenced by numerous inscriptions found on stones, panels and fragments of panels found near the temple, in the farm fields and on some broken panels found with Muslim tombs. Inscriptions in other parts of India, particularly in the Deccan region, such as the Mamillapalli inscription and the Ramalingala inscription affirm the importance of Panugallu. Some inscriptions call the local rulers by the site's name, as
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414:(compound) wall built from large blocks of stone. The main temple is a trikuta shrine that was in ruins and now partially restored. It faces east. This temple has three entrances, with the one in south being the main larger entrance. Other than the main temple, there are six subsidiary shrines within the
519:
section. The Chaya
Someswara temple illustrates the square principle of Hindu architecture, in nearly every section, from its sanctums to mukhamandapa, rangamadapa, antarala, and in the vimana superstructure. Even the pillars, panels, niches and interior ceiling frames follow the square principle.
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in accordance with Hindu texts on temple architecture. The mandapa is provided with a bench that also supports nicely placed
Citrakhanda pillars, while four decorated Citrakhanda pillars similar to those found in vividly decorated Pallava-era and Alampur Hindu temples of 9th and 10th-centuries. A
362:
With
Kirtivarman's conquest, the Chalukyas gained and nurtured Panagal, building some smaller temples in the Chalukyan style. It was one of three capitals for Chalukyas, the other two being Vardhamanapuram and Kandur. Later the Cholas (Chodas), Yadavas-Seunas, and Kakatiyas ruled their regions in
514:
The ceiling blocks are carved, with the central section featuring ashta-dikpala and Natesa (dancing Shiva) in the center. However, the carving is smaller and more eroded compared to the one in nearby
Paccala Someswara temple, likely because this feature was getting phased out of Hindu temples of
354:
is a historic site, oft referred to as
Panugullu and Panagullu in pre-14th century inscriptions and texts. The earliest records mention it as one of the regional capitals of the Kadumba dynasty, from where governors and kings of Andhradesa ruled this part of Dakshina-kshetra (Deccan-region). The
418:
walls. Two of these are located to the south of the main temple, three towards the west, and one in the north. These were likely added after the main temple because they lack symmetry in layout and differ in the architectural style from the main temple.
476:
notable feature of the Chaya
Someswara temple is its "plain" square phamsana vimana with shared gudhamandapa style, a feature found in Sirikonda Venugopala temple ruins east of Suryapet. These evidence experimentation and innovations by Indian
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shrine in
Panagal. The pillars in the Ardhamandapa and open spaces near the central Shiva shrine were designed and placed by the temple architect in such a way as to cast a unified shadow (
515:
Telingana by around 1100 CE. The antarala of each sanctum has a pair of pillars. The doorframes before each sanctum is simpler than the
Paccala temple, yet enlivened by figurines at its
284:) with intricately carved pillars in the Telingana style. These carvings depicts scenes from the Mahabharata, Ramayana and Puranas. The temple is a popular pilgrimage site during
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city and about 107 kilometres from Hyderabad. It is located to the east of the village in the midst of paddy fields near the 11th-century manmade water reservoir called the
491:
shrine. The third one houses Sri Someswara (Lord Shiva), the main deity in the form of a lingam. The pillars are decorated with intricate carvings depicting scenes from
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269:(a branch of Telugu Cholas), supported and embellished further by later Hindu dynasties of Telangana. Some date it to late 11th to early 12th-century.
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The main trikuta temple shares a mandapa (pilgrim hall). Each side of the three-sanctum temple is an austere cube with plain walls. On each is a
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A Chandra Sekhar (1967), District Census Handbook: Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Chapter XIV, pages A91–92
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426:-type vimana superstructure, one of many types of Hindu temple architecture described in Sanskrit texts. Each cube has a nominal
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all through the day, irrespective of the position of the sun. This gave its name to the temple - Chaya Someswara Swamy temple.
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Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation : the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries
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Temples of Telingaṇa: The Architecture, Iconography, and Sculpture of the Calukya and Kakatiya Temples
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Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture: Later Phase, C. AD. 1289-1798. South India. Dravidadesa
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Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture: Volume 2 Part 2 North India Text & Plates
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Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 4 South India Text & Plates
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Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 3 South India Text & Plates
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Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture: Volume 1 Part 2 South India Text & Plates
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Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 1 South India Text & Plates
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Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture Volume 2 Part 3 North India Text & Plates
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Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture Volume 2 Part 1 North India Text & Plates
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Architecture and Art of Southern India: Vijayanagara and the Successor States 1350-1750
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480:(artisans and architects) in the evolving Telingana architecture by the 11th century.
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The temple, now partially restored, was in ruins in mid 20th-century. It has three
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Rediscovering the Hindu Temple: The Sacred Architecture and Urbanism of India
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The mandapa's façade is carved with stylized flowers inset in panels of the
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The Chaya Someswara temple is actually a complex of shrines within a
308:
1171:
The Penguin Guide to the Monuments of India: Buddhist, Jain, Hindu
730:
628:
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446:
265:. It was built around the mid 11th-century during the rule of the
262:
113:
78:
73:
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999:
Michael W. Meister; Madhusudan A. Dhaky; Krishna Deva (1983).
503:. The temple got its name as there is an everlasting shadow (
699:
697:
367:. Other scholars date it a bit later to early 12th-century.
1150:
The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to Its Meaning and Forms
1266:
Architecture of the Early Hindu Temples of Andhra Pradesh
276:(sanctums), a form of temple architecture that is called
1277:
The Art and Architecture of India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain
511:) on the Shiva Lingam in the main temple all day long.
854:
History of Indian and Eastern Architecture, Volume 2
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The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent
865:
History of Indian and Eastern Architecture Volume 3
225:
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109:
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89:
84:
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606:. The Hindu (2010-06-03). Retrieved on 2016-06-11.
604:Physics lecturer throws light on mystifying shadow
594:. The Hindu (2009-04-28). Retrieved on 2016-06-11.
487:, the solar deity and the one facing north has a
483:Of the three shrines, the one on the east houses
1094:Susan L. Huntington; John C. Huntington (2014).
978:Michael W. Meister; Madhusudan A. Dhaky (1983).
1097:The Art of Ancient India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain
840:James Fergusson; Richard Phené Spiers (1910).
731:Madhusudan A. Dhaky & Michael Meister 1996
629:Madhusudan A. Dhaky & Michael Meister 1996
592:Historic temple in a shambles - ANDHRA PRADESH
335:. The temple is about 1 kilometer east of the
161:
133:
1377:
957:Madhusudan A. Dhaky; Michael Meister (1996).
915:Michael W. Meister; Madhusudan Dhaky (1983).
8:
1626:Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Temple, Yadadri
714:
712:
1865:Sita Ramachandraswamy Temple, Bhadrachalam
1384:
1370:
1362:
843:History of Indian and Eastern Architecture
404:Temples within the Chaya Someswara complex
36:
20:
1020:Michael W. Meister; Madhusudan A. Dhaky.
703:
434:class, while on top of the vimana is the
1047:. American Institute of Indian Studies.
1005:. American Institute of Indian Studies.
984:. American Institute of Indian Studies.
963:. American Institute of Indian Studies.
936:M. A. Dhaky; Michael W. Meister (1983).
921:. American Institute of Indian Studies.
777:Vinayak Bharne; Krupali Krusche (2014).
1309:Temples of Karnataka: Volumes 1 & 2
1068:. American Institute of Indian Studies.
584:
527:
42:Chaya Someswara Swamy Temple at Panagal
675:Satyavada, Neeharika (29 April 2018).
561:Unified shadow cast on the Siva lingam
1234:Early Cālukyan Temples of Andhra Desa
7:
1026:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
942:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
291:The temple is in close proximity to
549:Chaya Someswara Temple (wide angle)
1916:Hindu temples in Nalgonda district
1357:Chaya Someswara Temple - Telangana
323:at a distance of nearly 4 km from
288:. The temple has three entrances.
14:
1755:Ramalingeswara Temple, Nandikandi
783:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
658:Vīrarāghavulu, Garimeḷla (1982).
1791:Kondagattu Anjaneya Swamy Temple
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1344:
1248:. Government of Andhra Pradesh.
876:The Temple Architecture of India
566:
554:
542:
530:
391:
379:
160:
153:
132:
125:
16:Hindu temple in Telangana, India
1327:Heinrich Robert Zimmer (1955).
1269:. Government of Andhra Pradesh.
1237:. Government of Andhra Pradesh.
641:Rao, P. R. Ramachandra (2005).
471:, and frolicking bhutas in the
444:, an Indian Vastu Sastra text.
51:
1195:. Cambridge University Press.
744:"Chaya Someswara Swamy Temple"
677:"Glimpse into age of miracles"
169:Chaya Someswara Temple (India)
1:
1263:K. V. Soundara Rajan (1965).
573:Carvings on the temple pillar
341:Panagal archaeological museum
240:Chaya Someshvara Swamy Alayam
1330:The Art of Indian Asia: Text
1312:. Bharatiya Kala Prakashan.
1041:Madhusudan A. Dhaky (1998).
819:Thomas E. Donaldson (1985).
804:. Harvard University Press.
438:, a feature so named in the
798:T. Richard Blurton (1993).
644:The Splendour of Andhra Art
1937:
1921:Shiva temples in Telangana
1737:Komuravelly Mallana Temple
1689:Bhavigi Bhadreswara Temple
1419:
1351:Sri Chaya Someswara Temple
1213:Hindu Art and Architecture
1129:The Hindu Temple, Volume 2
1118:The Hindu Temple, Volume 1
822:Hindu Temple Art of Orissa
386:Triple sanctum main temple
255:Panagal, Nalgonda district
1722:Sammakka Saralamma Jatara
1479:Karmanghat Hanuman Temple
1274:Benjamin Rowland (1970).
1126:Stella Kramrisch (1976).
1115:Stella Kramrisch (1996).
1079:. Yale University Press.
319:The temple is located in
119:
35:
28:
1637:Pachala Someswara Temple
1291:. Munshiram Manoharlal.
900:. Abhinav Publications.
862:James Fergusson (1876).
851:James Fergusson (1967).
337:Pachala Someswara Temple
293:Pachala Someswara temple
1816:Jayashankar Bhupalpally
1608:Wargal Saraswati Temple
1484:Ujjaini Mahakali Temple
1216:. Thames & Hudson.
1210:George Michell (2000).
1189:George Michell (1995).
1168:George Michell (1989).
1147:George Michell (1977).
1132:. Motilal Banarsidass.
1100:. Motilal Banarsidass.
1073:James C. Harle (1994).
1062:George Michell (2001).
857:. Munshiram Manoharlal.
357:Panugallu-puravaresvara
229:11th to 12th century CE
1806:Dubba Rajeswara Temple
1773:Gnana Saraswati Temple
1727:Thousand Pillar Temple
1674:Chilkoor Balaji Temple
1632:Chaya Someswara Temple
1489:Akkanna Madanna Temple
1121:. Motilal Banarsidass.
647:. Akshara. p. 86.
537:Chaya Someswara Temple
463:, along with stylized
456:
451:The vimana are square
236:Chaya Someswara Temple
183:Geographic coordinates
24:Chaya Someswara Temple
1847:Raja Rajeswara Temple
1306:K. M. Suresh (2003).
1245:Select Andhra Temples
450:
205:17.07747°N 79.29528°E
144:Show map of Telangana
141:Location in Telangana
1857:Bhadradri Kothagudem
1603:Saraswathi Kshetramu
1353:at Wikimedia Commons
1242:M. Rama Rao (1970).
1231:M. Rama Rao (1965).
1153:. Harper & Row.
681:www.thehansindia.com
307:) constantly on the
1656:Dichpally Ramalayam
1464:Ashtalakshmi Temple
894:Adam Hardy (1995).
873:Adam Hardy (2007).
733:, pp. 445–447.
631:, pp. 456–459.
201: /
1558:Navabrahma Temples
1285:M R Sarma (1972).
457:
398:A secondary shrine
210:17.07747; 79.29528
1903:
1902:
1889:Erakeswara Temple
1707:Bhadrakali Temple
1530:Stambhadri Temple
1507:Kothakonda Jatara
1349:Media related to
1333:. Pantheon Books.
1319:978-81-8090-013-6
1298:978-81-215-0437-9
1223:978-0-500-20337-8
1202:978-0-521-44110-0
1181:978-0-14-008144-2
1174:. Penguin Books.
1160:978-0-06-435750-0
1139:978-81-208-0224-7
1107:978-81-208-3617-4
1086:978-0-300-06217-5
1054:978-81-7304-225-6
1033:978-0-691-04094-3
991:978-81-7304-436-6
970:978-81-86526-00-2
949:978-0-8122-7992-4
907:978-81-7017-312-0
886:978-0-470-02827-8
832:978-90-04-07173-5
811:978-0-674-39189-5
790:978-1-4438-6734-4
748:Telangana Tourism
706:, pp. 84–87.
664:. Veeraraghavulu.
661:The Temple Empire
327:city, 45 km from
233:
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172:Show map of India
30:ఛాయా సోమేశ్వరాలయం
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1839:Rajanna Sircilla
1732:Padmakshi Temple
1563:Papanasi Temples
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1474:Jagannath Temple
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868:. J. Murray.
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756:. Retrieved
752:the original
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1829:Kaleshwaram
1824:Devunigutta
1796:Kotilingala
1666:Ranga Reddy
1570:Manyamkonda
1525:Jamalapuram
497:Mahabharata
371:Description
274:garbhagriya
253:located in
208: /
54:Affiliation
1910:Categories
1801:Dharmapuri
1747:Sangareddy
1717:Kota Gullu
1499:Karimnagar
758:31 January
686:26 October
579:References
517:pedyapinda
465:kapotapali
428:adhisthana
295:, another
196:79°17′43″E
193:17°04′39″N
1870:Parnasala
1648:Nizamabad
1630:Panagal (
1575:Rama Giri
1456:Hyderabad
1397:Telangana
879:. Wiley.
825:. Brill.
801:Hindu Art
473:kaksasana
469:gajapatti
259:Telangana
226:Completed
104:Telangana
1880:Suryapet
1699:Warangal
1618:Nalgonda
1405:Adilabad
493:Ramayana
478:shilpins
461:kandhara
453:phamsana
424:phamsana
339:and the
329:Suryapet
325:Nalgonda
315:Location
282:mandapam
90:Location
85:Location
68:Nalgonda
65:District
59:Hinduism
48:Religion
1783:Jagtial
1548:Alampur
1517:Khammam
524:Gallery
501:Puranas
430:of the
416:prakara
412:prakara
352:Panagal
321:Panagal
297:Saivite
248:Saivite
242:or the
110:Country
94:Panagal
1765:Nirmal
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509:Telugu
499:, and
489:Vishnu
455:style.
309:lingam
305:Telugu
1595:Medak
505:Chaya
485:Surya
301:Chaya
263:India
114:India
100:State
79:Shiva
74:Deity
1314:ISBN
1293:ISBN
1250:ISBN
1218:ISBN
1197:ISBN
1176:ISBN
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1134:ISBN
1102:ISBN
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902:ISBN
881:ISBN
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785:ISBN
760:2020
688:2020
1395:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
