312:. The village stronghold was named Tsetsibus, or C'íc'abus, and had long been an important gathering place. The Suquamish warriors hid themselves near the village and waited for a good chance to attack. A Chimakum family left the village and headed north, passing by the hidden Suquamish. The father was recognized as the man responsible for the death of respected Suquamish Tulébot, which had been one of the pretexts for war. The Suquamish immediately fired a volley of bullets. Many of the Chimakum villagers rushed to help the man and his family. Seeing the village mostly empty, the Suquamish rushed through the woods and entered the village from behind. Once their numbers inside the stockade were sufficient, the Suquamish opened fire upon the Chimakum inside the village. The Chimakum were taken completely by surprise and found themselves unable to resist or escape. According to
43:
316:, recounting Wahélchu's telling, "the rapid rain of bullets mowed them down." Women and children were captured and taken away as slaves. The Suquamish paddled away, leaving the last Chimakum village in ruins and nearly all of the people either dead or captured. One of the few Suquamish who died in the encounter was Chief Seattle's eldest son.
357:
their bones from sometime prior to the road being constructed through that area in 1860. The Indian skeletons were of individuals killed violently and left for an earthen burial rather than a ceremonial one. These skeletal remains are theoretically from the
Chimakum tribe, although this is unproven at present.
352:
for compensation beyond that already received for lands ceded under the Point No Point Treaty. The
Klallams claimed that the Chimakums were nearly extinct at the time of the Point No Point Treaty and that those few Chimakums left had been absorbed into the Klallam tribe. The Klallams had occupied the
239:
Language was considered to be a primary communication barrier between the tribes of the
Peninsula. Each tribe was known to have their own dialect, including the Chimakum, making communication for trading and other purposes difficult between the Chimakum and other tribes. The Chimakum language is a
356:
In 1962, skeletal remains of slain
Indians were discovered by a dozer doing some work around the Chimacum Creek area, and after proper excavation by Lewis Agnew, a retired archaeologist recently relocated to Port Townsend, two Indian skeletal remains were unearthed with stone arrows still lodged in
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The
Chemakum were strictly opposed to leaving their grounds, despite being promised under the Point No Point Treaty that they would be given the means to continue fishing and hunting as they always had if they agreed to consolidate with other tribes at the head of the Skokomish river mouth. At the
291:
devastated the
Chimakum, effectively wiping them out. According to Wahélchu of the Suquamish, various conflicts and tensions between the Suquamish and Chimakum had reached the point where the Suquamish decided to launch a "war of extermination" as soon as some immediate provocation was offered. At
247:
Franz Boas, considered one of the main authorities on local Indian linguistics, cites a tribal member named Louise as his source for over 1200 original
Chimakum words and dialects. Louise, a dual speaker of both Clallam and Chimakum, was able to verbally recite words for Boas to document into his
263:
Around 1789, there were about 400 Chimacum
Indians living on the Quimper Peninsula and along Hood Canal, about 2000 Clallams spread in 16 villages from Discovery to Clallam Bay, another 2000 Makahs and Ozettes at Neah Bay and west of Lake Ozette, and another 500 Quileutes to the south, making the
243:
The
Chimakum language was described as "unintelligible to their neighbors" and other tribal members described the language as "speak like birds", citing this language barrier along with a predisposition for violence and disagreement with neighboring tribes for their demise. It is thought that
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time of the Point No Point Treaty in 1855, the tribe was not viable for relocation to the
Skokomish reservation because of the population decline through warfare, attrition to the Klallam tribe, and disease depletion of the tribe.
240:
tribal language thought to be similar in lexicographic and phonetic aspect with very little diversion to the Quileute language, implying that the Chimakum, Salishan and Wakashan tribes may be proved to be genetically related.
196:
enumerated just three, according to the census of Franz Boas. The three remaining tribe members spoke only broken Chimakum language. In the present day there are people who identify as Chimakums or descendants of Chimakums.
353:
former Chimakum lands and claimed them as their own. In 1957 the commission recognized the Klallam claim of possession of the Chimakum lands at the time of the treaty and granted compensation of over $ 400,000.
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256:
According to Quileute tradition, the Chimakum were a remnant of a Quileute band. The Chimakum had been carried away in their canoes by a great flood through a passageway in the
344:
The Point No Point Treaty required the Klallams to move to the Skokomish Reservation, but few did. In 1936–37 the federal government established Klallam reservations for the
221:. It was spoken until the 1940s on the east side of the Olympic Peninsula between Port Townsend and Hood Canal. The name Chimakum (or Chemakum) is an Anglicized version of a
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found only three speakers of the Chemakum language, and they spoke it imperfectly. The Census of 1910 reflects only three speakers of broken Chemakum dialect.
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warriors. Before long, the Chimakum were confined to one village with a stockade, located near the mouth of Chimakum Creek, near present-day
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and deposited on the other side of the Olympic Peninsula. The last remaining floods of this region were thought to be 3000 years ago.
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near the southern end of Hood Canal. One of the Chimakum signatories of the treaty was Chief Kulkakhan, also known as General Pierce.
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370:
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The few surviving Chimakum, including the primary chief who had gone upstream early that morning, subsequently joined the Twana, or
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and Port Gamble communities. The Jamestown community was not federally recognized until 1981. The Klallams filed a claim with the
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833:
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was named, became the leader of the war against the Chimakum. The Suquamish under Chief Seattle were assisted by about 150
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number of native peoples roughly about 6000. Shortly before 1790 they were fighting a number of tribes, including the
897:
484:
The North American Indian. Volume 9 - The Salishan tribes of the coast. The Chimakum and the Quilliute. The Willapa
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898:"S'Klallam and Chemakum Indian tribes on Olympic Peninsula when Jarman settled there in 1848-52"
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50:
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106:
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extensive logging of local Native American Languages in the Pacific Northwest Region.
244:
marriage and interbreeding amongst tribes may account for some linguistic similarity.
908:
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After the near extinction of the Chimakum their country was occupied by the Klallam.
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least two pretexts for war soon came to pass and a war party was organized. Because
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273:
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137:), were a group of Native Americans who lived in the northeastern portion of the
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Native Peoples of the Northwest: A Traveler's Guide to Land, Art, and Culture
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until their virtual extinction in 1902. Their primary settlements were on
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The Chimakum population was estimated at 400 in 1780 and 90 in 1855. The
17:
576:
305:
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371:
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In 1855, the Twana and Chimakum, along with the Klallam, signed the
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Frachtenberg, Leo (1920). ""Abornal Types of Speech in Quileute"".
296:, the Suquamish war chief, was either dead or unable to lead,
808:"Sleletons of Slain Idians Discovered at Chimacum Creek".
696:"Chief Seattle and Chief Joseph: From Indians to Icons"
337:, which established a reservation at the mouth of the
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tribes, although lineage is not traceable at present.
528:
A Guide to the Indian Tribes of the Pacific Northwest
225:
word for the Chimakum people, such as the Twana word
531:. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 22–23, 28.
394:, are all named after the Chimakum. There is also a
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84:
67:
57:
27:Near-extinct ethnic group of Washington state, US
557:International Journal of American Linguistics
168:Today, Chimakum people are enrolled in three
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915:Native American tribes in Washington (state)
525:Ruby, Robert H.; Brown, John Arthur (1992).
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644:
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34:
718:"Seattle, Chief of the Suquamish, Statue"
680:. Port Angeles: Peninsula Publishing Inc.
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866:United States Department of the Interior
838:United States Department of the Interior
689:
687:
678:A History of the North Olympic Peninsula
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448:. Genealogical Publishing. p. 417.
287:In 1847, a disastrous conflict with the
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743:"The Life of Si'ahl, "Chief Seattle""
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649:Halliday, Jan; Chehak, Gail (2000).
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68:Regions with significant populations
857:Geographic Names Information System
829:Geographic Names Information System
487:. Classic Books. pp. 138–143.
445:The Indian Tribes of North America
25:
880:"WSDOT - Ferries - M/V Chimacum"
745:. Duwamish Tribe. Archived from
655:. Sasquatch Books. p. 109.
615:"Notes on the Chemakum Language"
41:
862:United States Geological Survey
834:United States Geological Survey
129:people (known to themselves as
600:Indians of the Urban Northwest
1:
787:"Jamestown S'Klallam History"
323:, at the head of Hood Canal.
632:10.1525/aa.1892.5.1.02a00050
613:Boas, Franz (January 1892).
789:. Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe
676:Campbell, Patricia (1979).
170:federally recognized tribes
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698:. University of Washington
602:. New York, NY: AMS Press.
133:and sometimes called the
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89:
72:
62:
40:
350:Indian Claims Commission
213:and very similar to the
619:American Anthropologist
300:, for whom the city of
232:In 1890 anthropologist
598:Smith, Marion (1969).
396:Washington State Ferry
381:, both located in the
722:National Park Service
335:Point No Point Treaty
182:Port Gamble S'Klallam
135:Port Townsend Indians
101:Related ethnic groups
810:Port Townsend Leader
379:Chimacum, Washington
211:Chimakuan languages
178:Jamestown S'Klallam
37:
812:. October 4, 1962.
440:Swanton, John Reed
852:"Chimacum Valley"
767:Curtis, pp. 19–20
694:Buerge, David M.
662:978-1-57061-241-1
538:978-0-8061-2479-7
494:978-0-7426-9809-3
479:Curtis, Edward S.
455:978-0-8063-1730-4
258:Olympic Mountains
215:Quileute language
207:Chemakum language
159:Quimper Peninsula
155:Port Townsend Bay
139:Olympic Peninsula
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47:A Chimakum woman,
16:(Redirected from
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824:"Chimacum Creek"
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314:Edward S. Curtis
143:Washington state
58:Total population
51:Edward S. Curtis
49:photographed by
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163:Port Ludlow Bay
127:Native American
118:, also spelled
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891:External links
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791:. Retrieved
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751:. Retrieved
747:the original
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725:. Retrieved
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700:. Retrieved
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622:
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560:
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527:
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412:Point Wilson
400:M/V Chimacum
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343:
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294:Chief Kitsap
286:
262:
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246:
242:
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231:
229:(earlier ).
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217:. It is now
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191:
167:
134:
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119:
115:
113:
32:Ethnic group
29:
386: [
369: [
346:Lower Elwha
272:, Klallam,
93:, formerly
417:Salish Sea
270:Snoqualmie
234:Franz Boas
188:Population
147:Hood Canal
145:, between
78:Washington
625:: 37–44.
585:144727512
361:Namesakes
321:Skokomish
289:Suquamish
266:Snohomish
174:Skokomish
157:, on the
85:Languages
909:Category
753:July 11,
727:July 18,
702:July 11,
481:(1913).
442:(2003).
406:See also
310:Irondale
282:Nitinaht
278:Ditidaht
223:Salishan
201:Language
124:Chimacum
120:Chemakum
116:Chimakum
107:Quileute
95:Chemakum
36:Chimakum
18:Chemakum
793:May 13,
577:1263204
306:Klallam
302:Seattle
252:History
227:čə́bqəb
219:extinct
131:Aqokúlo
91:English
63:unknown
659:
583:
575:
535:
491:
452:
398:, the
276:, and
180:, and
172:: the
161:, and
581:S2CID
573:JSTOR
423:Notes
392:]
375:]
274:Makah
795:2012
755:2010
729:2010
704:2010
657:ISBN
533:ISBN
489:ISBN
450:ISBN
377:and
280:(or
205:The
149:and
122:and
114:The
627:doi
565:doi
284:).
141:in
911::
864:,
860:.
854:.
836:,
832:.
826:.
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686:^
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76:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
