797:(SBC), which had been rebuffed in its attempted to acquire Florida National sued to obtain an injunction against the Chemical merger. In early 1983, Southeast Banking Corporation dropped its takeover attempt and agreed to exchange their Florida National shares for 24 FNB branch offices and other consideration. Following the deal with SBC, Florida National was cleared to merge with Chemical, however interstate banking acquisitions were still prohibited by Federal law and required state legislative approval. With the 1990 deadline running out for its option to buy Florida National and no sign of state legislative approval, Chemical Bank sold its 4.9% interest to
450:
708:, effectively doubling the size of the company. New York Trust Company, which had a large trust and wholesale-banking business, specialized in servicing large industrial accounts. At the time of the merger, Chemical Corn was the fourth largest bank in New York and New York Trust was the ninth largest bank and the merger created the third largest bank in New York, and the fourth largest in the U.S. with $ 3.8 billion of assets. Following the merger, the bank dropped the usage of the "corn exchange" from the corporate name to become the Chemical Bank New York Trust Company.
409:
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538:, while 18 New York banks closed in a single day, Chemical continued to make payments in specie. For a few days, it was the only bank to redeem notes in gold instead of in loan certificates; the bank got a nickname, "Old Bullion". The panic, which had hit banks and caused a number of failures, led banks across the country to suspend specie payments and turn to issuing paper promissory notes. Chemical's decision was highly unpopular among its fellow banks and led to the bank's temporary suspension from the
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lenders to U.S. companies and one of the leaders in loan syndication globally. Additionally, Chemical took a leading role providing foreign exchange, interest rate and currency swaps, corporate finance services, cash management, corporate and institutional trust, trade services and funds transfer. Chemical operated one of the nation's largest bank credit card franchises and was a major originator and servicer of home mortgages.
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505:) as a means of securing a charter from the New York State legislature. In April 1824, the company amended its charter to allow Chemical to enter into banking, creating a separate division for the new activity. Melick was named the first president of the bank, which catered to merchants in New York City. Early investments by the bank were the
224:, adopted the Chase name, and became the largest bank in the United States. Prior to the 1996 merger, Chemical was the third-largest bank in the U.S., with $ 182.9 billion in assets and more than 39,000 employees. In addition to operations in the U.S., it had a major presence in Japan, Germany, and the United Kingdom. It was active in both
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banking. However, a year after launching Pronto only 21,000 of
Chemical's 1.15 million customers were using the system, in large part due to the high monthly subscription costs that Chemical charged customers to use it. By 1985, it was clear that Pronto, which was heavily promoted by Chemical, was growing much slower than anticipated.
2169:, known as Covidea, to market banking and discount stock-brokerage services to computer-equipped households. By combining resources and sharing costs, the four firms hoped to reduce the risk of large and protracted losses. Eventually Chemical discontinued its efforts in 1989 at a loss of nearly $ 30 million.
896:
in a merger valued at $ 10 billion, creating the largest financial institution in the United States. Although
Chemical was the acquiring company and the nominal survivor, the merged bank adopted the Chase name, which was considered to be better known, particularly internationally. Chase, which at its
881:
in New York. The "Manny Hanny" name was eliminated in 1993. In corporate banking, Manufacturers
Hanover was better established with larger, blue-chip companies, whereas Chemical had been stronger with small- and medium-sized businesses. Nationally, the combined Chemical Bank became one of the largest
553:
as the
Chemical National Bank of New York, at the urging of the secretary of the treasury. This allowed Chemical to issue government-backed national bank notes, the forerunner to paper money. In 1857, the bank had deposits of $ 1.6 million, which grew to $ 3.5 million in 1861 and to $ 5.1 million by
527:
Isaac Jones, Mason's son in law, then took over. In 1844, when New York
Chemical Manufacturing Company's original charter expired, the chemical company was liquidated and was reincorporated as a bank only, taking advantage of the Free Banking Act of 1838 and becoming the Chemical Bank of New York in
2153:
console, began in New York and served 200 Chemical Bank customers. Pronto was an extension of other electronic banking services offered by
Chemical that included a corporate cash-management system and its growing ATM network and was one of the largest early forays by a bank into home computer based
872:
in a $ 135 billion merger transaction. At the time of the merger, Chemical and
Manufacturers Hanover were the sixth and ninth largest banks, respectively, by assets. The transaction, when it closed at the end of 1991, made the combined bank, which retained the Chemical name, the second largest bank
634:
Twitchell initiated a major turnaround of
Chemical, setting up a trust business and reversing Chemical's policy of not paying interest on cash accounts. These steps along with other initiatives, resulted in an increase in deposits from $ 35 million in September 1917 to $ 63 million in December 1917
822:
In
December 1986, the bank agreed to acquire Texas Commerce Bank for $ 1.1 billion in the largest interstate banking merger in U.S. history to that time; the transaction was completed in May 1987. Texas Commerce was one of the largest bank holding companies in the Southwestern U.S., with a strong
638:
In 1920, Chemical completed its first major acquisition, merging with
Citizens National Bank. The acquisition of Citizens National, a small New York commercial bank, increased Chemical's assets to more than $ 200 million with more than $ 140 million of deposits. In 1923, Chemical established its
2395:
Earl C. Sandmeyer, a founder of the New York Society of Security Analysts, New York Financial Writers Association, International Public Relations Association (IPRA), Public Relations Society, Public Relations Society of America, Public Utilities Advertising Association, Newcomen Society, Christ
812:
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By the 1900s, Chemical had one of the strongest reputations in banking but as a business was in decline, losing accounts each year. Unlike many of its peers, Chemical had been reluctant to expand into securities and other businesses and had not paid interest on bank accounts. Both practices,
571:
John Q. Jones was succeeded in 1878 by George G. Williams, who had joined the bank in 1842 and served as cashier of the bank from 1855 onward. In that position, Williams was also inculcated in Chemical's conservative style of banking. Williams served as president from 1878 through 1903.
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height had been the largest bank in the U.S., had fallen to sixth, while Chemical was the third largest bank at the time of the merger. The merger resulted in the reduction of more than 12,000 jobs between the two banks and merger related expenses of approximately $ 1.9 billion.
2137:. The first ATMs were designed to dispense a fixed amount of cash when a user inserted a specially coded card. A Chemical Bank advertisement boasted "On Sept. 2 our bank will open at 9:00 and never close again." Chemical's ATM, initially known as a Docuteller, was designed by
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to $ 81 million by 1920. In 1920, Twitchell was succeeded by Percy H. Johnston, then aged 39, and remained with the bank as chairman of the board. Johnston held the presidency of the bank through 1946 at which time the bank had grown to become the seventh largest in the U.S.
630:
In 1917, Chemical named a new president of the bank, Herbert Twitchell, after the death of Joseph B. Martindale. Months after Martindale's death, it was discovered that he had stolen as much as $ 300,000 from the account of Ellen D. Hunt, a niece of Wilson G. Hunt.
4493:"SUNDAY INTERVIEW -- Carrying The Torch For Politeness / Having inherited the family etiquette business from Emily and Elizabeth Post, Peggy Post -- and her tome on good behavior -- are here to tell you, nicely, that it's still rude to eat with your mouth"
2242:. In 1921, Chemical acquired the adjacent 13-story building from the Shoe & Leather Bank. Despite expanding its 1907 headquarters over the years, by the mid-1920s Chemical needed more space to accommodate its growth and reflect its increasing profile.
848:. It was not until 1993 that Chemical received permission to underwrite corporate bonds, however within a few years, Chemical (and later Chase) became a major underwriter of below-investment-grade debt under Lee. Additionally, in 1984, Chemical launched
2148:
In 1982, Chemical initiated the first personal computer based banking system when it launched a pilot electronic banking program called Pronto. Chemical had spent $ 20 million to develop the software for Pronto. The system, which worked with the
2145:. Chemical executives were initially hesitant about the electronic banking transition given the high cost of the early machines. Additionally, executives were concerned that customers would resist having machines handling their money.
393:
542:, of which Chemical was a charter member since 1853. Chemical developed a reputation for stability. This reputation proved extremely important in Chemical's growth during subsequent recessions during the 1860s.
4044:"CHEMICAL BANK BUYS BROADWAY CORNER; Acquires the 13-Story Shoe & Leather Bank Building Next Door in a Deal in Millions. DEAL PENDING FOR MONTHS Seller Has Leased Citizens' National Quarters at 320Broadway"
408:
654:, Chemical's deposits grew by more than 40% and in 1941, the bank reached $ 1 billion of assets. During this period, Chemical also established Chemical National Company, a securities underwriting business.
473:, although not a director, was among the largest of the original shareholders of the later bank. During the 1820s, prospective bankers found that they were more likely to be able to successfully secure a
793:
Chemical and Florida National Bank agreed, in 1982, to enter into a merger, after laws preventing interstate banking were lifted, giving Chemical an option to acquire the business. In February 1982,
623:, a prominent banker of the era, was named president of the bank in 1903 after the death of the previous president George G. Williams. Porter left Chemical seven years later to become a partner at
701:. Founded in 1853, the Corn Exchange Bank, based in New York City, had built a network of 98 branches in several states and $ 774 million in deposits through the acquisition of community banks.
524:). Although in the 1837 crisis Chemical followed others in suspending payments, Chemical was one of the earliest to resume payments in specie. Mason served as president until his death in 1839.
2263:
In 1991, the bank moved across Park Avenue to occupy the former headquarters of Manufacturers Hanover Corporation at 270 Park Avenue, which remained the headquarters of Chemical's successor,
516:, one of the richest merchants in New York, \ became a shareholder of the bank. Mason succeeded Baltus Melick in 1831 as president. Mason was responsible for leading Chemical through the
877:
both in terms of assets and customers, with approximately 1.2 million household accounts in 1991. Chemical adopted Manufacturers Hanover's logo design and moved into its headquarters at
642:
In 1929, Chemical reincorporated as a state bank in New York as Chemical Bank & Trust Company and merged with the United States Mortgage & Trust Company, headquartered on the
686:
was named the president of Chemical and served first as president and later as chairman of the bank for the next 18 years until his retirement in 1965. In 1947, Chemical merged with
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presence in corporate banking for small and medium-sized businesses. Ultimately Chemical contributed $ 300 million to shore Texas Commerce as it continued to suffer losses.
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Isaac Jones's cousin, John Quentin Jones, led Chemical through 1878. The Mason and Jones families maintained effective control of Chemical for much of its first 50 years.
2267:, until the building was vacated in 2018 in preparation for demolition and construction of a new JPMorgan Chase headquarters on the same site. JPMorgan Chase returned to
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was closed and demolished in 2018, JPMorgan moved its headquarters temporarily to 383 Madison Avenue; the headquarters was scheduled to be relocated to a new tower at
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first branch and by the end of the 1920s had opened a dozen branches in Manhattan and Brooklyn as well as a branch in London, its first international presence.
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Also in 1986, Chemical agreed to a merger with New Jersey-based Horizon Bancorp; the merger was delayed until 1989, due to interstate banking rules.
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and other market related functions. In 1995, Chemicals Global Bank revenue was roughly balanced between investment banking and markets activities
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2231:. Chemical bought additional land next to its building in 1879 and 1887 but its offices remained modest through the start of the 20th century.
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in 2004. JPMorgan Chase retains Chemical's pre-1996 stock price history, as well as Chemical's old headquarters at 270 Park Avenue.
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2227:. The building collapsed during Barnum's subsequent remodeling. In 1850, the bank moved into its newly constructed headquarters at
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By 1851, the company sold all remaining inventories from the chemical division as well as the corresponding real-estate holdings.
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2257:. Chemical moved in after the building was completed in 1928, and the bank's headquarters remained there for more than 50 years.
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considered to be highly conservative, had allowed Chemical to develop a large capital reserve but were not attracting customers.
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and directors John C. Morrison, Mark Spenser, Gerardus Post, James Jenkins, William A. Seely, and William Stebbins.Additionally,
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Before its 1996 merger with Chase, Chemical had two operating segments: the Global Bank and Consumer & Relationship Banking.
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In 1907, the bank constructed a new headquarters on the original and adjacent properties at 270 Broadway, designed by architect
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4107:
4022:"G. Livingston Dies; Long an Architect; Practitioner Here for 50 Years Included Hayden Planetarium, Oregon Capitol in His Work"
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2770:
2321:, notable for his role in the development of the leveraged finance markets in the U.S., began his career at the bank in 1975
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The bank continued to operate under the Chase brand until its acquisition of J.P. Morgan & Co. in December 2000 to form
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charter if the bank was part of a larger business. Accordingly, the founders used the manufacturing company (which produced
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In 1975, Chemical acquired Security National Bank, which had a 96-branch network on Long Island, for $ 40 million in cash.
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in 1988 following its series of out of state mergers and acquisitions, including Texas Commerce Bank and Horizon Bancorp.
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Percy H. Johnston, president of Chemical 1920–1946, responsible for building Chemical into one of the largest U.S. banks
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This article is about the former bank headquartered in New York City. For the former Chemical Bank in Michigan, see
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functions were also housed in this division. Global Markets was primarily focused on sales and trading activities,
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3642:"Banking's New Giant: The Deal; Chase and Chemical Agree to Merge in $ 10 Billion Deal Creating Largest U.S. Bank"
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transactions. By the late 1980s, Chemical developed its reputation for financing buyouts, building a syndicated
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division, known as Global Markets. Global Banking & Investment Banking performed advisory services such as
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Church Day School, Corporate Intelligence, Inc. public relations and publishing, and Lifelighters' Associates
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Herbert K. Twitchell, president of Chemical 1917–1920 and responsible for initiating major changes at the bank
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By December 1873, the bank had 35 employees, including eleven tellers, eight clerks and four bookkeepers.
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520:. When a speculative bubble collapsed on May 10, 1837, banks suspended payment of gold and silver specie (
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A financial history of the United States; Volume I: From Christopher Columbus through the Robber Barrons
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Throughout the early 1960s, Chemical had begun to expand into New York's suburbs, opening branches on
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and others; the manufacturing operations were sold by 1851. Major acquisitions by the bank included
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2999:"Streetscape: The Corn Exchange Bank; A 'Noble Monument to Thrift' With an Unusually Modern Air"
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The bank was founded in 1824 as a subsidiary of the New York Chemical Manufacturing Company by
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2533:, American author and consultant on etiquette, underwent management training at Chemical Bank
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before the bank was seized in 2008, worked for the bank for 19 years before resigning in 1987
912:, who had been a longtime Chemical executive, was named CEO of the combined firm. Chemical's
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business and related advisory businesses under the auspices of pioneering investment banker,
360:. It was a major lender to middle market companies nationally and to small businesses in the
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3019:"Chemical Corn Exchange Bank And New York Trust Set Merger; MERGER PLANNED BY TWO BIG BANKS"
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Under Chairman Donald Platten, in 1979, Chemical moved its headquarters to 277 Park Avenue.
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2372:(1794-1871), original director of Chemical Bank of New York when it was rechartered in 1844
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Chemical continued pursuing acquisitions, throughout the 1980s notably its acquisitions of
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The Global Bank served the bank's large corporate clients and was made up of a traditional
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908:, remained in charge of the bank. When the combined bank purchased J.P. Morgan & Co.,
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The New York Trust Company merged in 1959 increasing the bank's wholesale banking business
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2574:"Chemical Banking Corp. SEC Form 10-K Annual Report for the Year Ended December 31, 1995"
2795:"To Head Chemical Bank.; Herbert K. Twitchell Elected Successor to Joseph B. Martindale"
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In 1926, the bank constructed a six-story building at 165 Broadway, on the corner of
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In the 1980s and early 1990s, Chemical became one of the leaders in the financing of
749:
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4066:"CHEMICAL NATIONAL'S MOVE; Bank to Be at 165 Broadway After New Building is Erected"
818:, acquired by Chemical in 1986 in the largest interstate banking merger at that time
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in 1910 and was succeeded by Joseph B. Martindale, who was named president in 1911.
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2279:, the bank moved its investment banking groups from Chemical's old headquarters to
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2686:"Bank 100 Years Old Today.; Chemical National, Known as "Old Bullion," Celebrates"
2646:
904:
Throughout all of these acquisitions, Chemical's original management team, led by
756:(1972). In 1970, it formed a venture in London focused on Eurocurrency financing.
44:
4557:
2946:
The crash and its aftermath: a history of securities markets in the United States
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2490:, businessman, academic, and philanthropist and founder of The George Foundation
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3772:"A New Chase Tries to Lead; Will the Merged Bank Be Greater Than Its Parts?"
2166:
216:, was the principal operating subsidiary of Chemical Banking Corporation, a
2545:, an American author, financial executive and educator, later president of
2161:, another pioneer in electronic banking, entered into a joint venture with
829:
The bank's holding company, Chemical New York Corporation, was renamed the
49:
Chemical's logo, adopted from Manufacturers Hanover after the banks' merger
4513:"Apollo Appoints Former U.S. Senator Patrick Toomey to Board of Directors"
2883:"WITH BANK 25 YEARS; P. H. Johnston of the Chemical to Celebrate Tomorrow"
939:
Major mergers, acquisitions, and historical predecessors of Chemical Bank
925:
874:
729:
In November 1968, Chemical reorganized itself as a bank holding company,
478:
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newspapers in Rochester from 1933 to 1938, and financial writer for the
282:
division, known as Global Banking & Investment Banking as well as a
3431:
2539:, United States senator from Pennsylvania, began his career at the bank
2481:
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417:, early shareholder and second president of Chemical Bank (1831–1839).
4497:
2766:
Around Washington Square: an illustrated history of Greenwich Village
2525:
3489:"Interview with Jeff Walker, Managing Partner of JP Morgan Partners"
2354:(1773-1839), early shareholder and second president of Chemical Bank
771:
Chemical Bank's 1970-1992 logo, in use until the bank's merger with
465:
In 1823, the New York Chemical Manufacturing Company was founded by
453:
Certificate of Stock of the Chemical Manufacturing Company, c. 1824.
368:
business, although Chemical was not a leading player in this market.
263:
in 1991. The bank converted to the holding company format in 1968.
4320:"Henry B. R. Brown, Who Opened Money Markets to Masses, Dies at 82"
4209:"Plans for JPMorgan Chase's NYC 'all-electric' skyscraper unveiled"
2211:
Interior of Chemical National Bank offices at 270 Broadway, c. 1913
4432:
3578:"The Bank Merger; Big Bank Merger To Join Chemical, Manufacturers"
2206:
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By the late 1960s and early 1970s, Chemical opened new offices in
661:
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1871. Among the bank's first directors under its new charter were
174:
4587:
4183:"JPMorgan weighs shifting thousands of jobs out of New York area"
4088:"Donald C. Platten, Ex-Chairman Of Chemical Bank, Is Dead at 72"
2223:. In 1848, the bank agreed to sell its building to its neighbor
521:
486:
429:
Isaac Jones, third president of Chemical Bank (1839–1844).
4591:
2366:(1935-), international financier and developer, former director
4213:
2215:
In 1824, the bank opened its first offices at 216 Broadway in
502:
441:
John Q. Jones, fourth president of Chemical Bank (1844–1878).
3040:"Hulbert Aldrich, 87; Banking Executive Led New York Trust"
2423:(1935-2019), former chairman and CEO of Chemical and later
2378:(1857-1930), cousin of Theodore Roosevelt and president of
402:, founder and first president of Chemical Bank (1824–1831).
4408:"Glenn Hutchins: How an 'awful' job can actually pay off"
2407:
from 1929 to 1933, financial editor and columnist of the
2360:(1770-1835), founder and first president of Chemical Bank
2271:
in 2000, following the departure of its previous tenant,
336:. The Consumer and Relationship Banking division offered
3935:"The Executive Computer; When Technology Outpaces Needs"
4383:"Christopher Ashby - Former U.S. Ambassador to Uruguay"
3956:"B of A, Chemical, AT&T and Time Plan Home Banking"
3510:"Chase Capital Partners Is Planning a New Venture Fund"
3060:"Dommerich Purchase Set; CHEMICAL BANK TO BUY A FACTOR"
2317:(1952-2015), investment banker and senior executive at
670:, acquired in 1954, expanded the bank's branch network
5298:
2838:"Martindale Short $ 300,000 as Head of Chemical Bank"
2291:
upon completion of the structure, scheduled in 2025.
2129:. On September 2, 1969, Chemical installed the first
3998:"Plan $ 2,500,000 Building at Broadway and Chambers"
868:
In July 1991, Chemical announced the acquisition of
722:
In early 1968, the bank acquired L. F. Dommerich, a
5111:
4910:
4846:
4733:
4695:
4686:
4625:
4258:"John F. McGillicuddy, 78, Banking Leader, Is Dead"
3141:"Pressed Security National Bought by Chemical Bank"
2923:"Depression-Era Alternatives to the Mattress Stash"
189:
172:
162:
139:
129:
119:
107:
92:
82:
64:
54:
4469:
4447:
4181:
4042:
4020:
3446:
2860:
2684:
4237:"Jimmy Lee, Investment Banking Force, Dies at 62"
2742:"New York Free Banks and the Role of Reputations"
697:in its largest acquisition to date, becoming the
682:In 1947, after the retirement of Percy Johnston,
2197:Chemical National Bank offices at 270 Broadway,
3158:
3156:
2855:
2853:
3864:
3862:
3707:"Chemical Wins Most Top Posts In Chase Merger"
3621:"Chemical Bank to Cut 650 Jobs and 50 Offices"
3337:"Texas Commerce Bancshares Alive and Thriving"
3271:"First Union to Acquire Florida National Bank"
2125:Chemical was among the pioneers of electronic
294:as well as capital raising functions, such as
4603:
4129:"Chase Says It Has Deal for Park Avenue Spot"
2500:, started his career at Chemical Bank in 1977
2388:, uncle of Theodore Roosevelt and founder of
8:
3600:"Chemical completes merger with Manny Hanny"
2665:"Business & Finance: Old Bullion's Team"
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2607:
885:In 1994, the bank closed 50 branches in the
786:(1986) as well as its attempted takeover of
562:, as well as bank president John Q. Jones.
37:
3747:"Chase and Chemical See Higher Merger Cost"
3508:Fuerbringer, Jonathan (November 30, 2000).
2949:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 100.
2605:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
733:, which allowed for more rapid expansion.
5336:1996 disestablishments in New York (state)
5219:Indiana Michigan Power Center (Fort Wayne)
4692:
4610:
4596:
4588:
935:
924:of the division in 2006 after it acquired
43:
36:
5341:American companies disestablished in 1996
4564:Funding Universe History of Chemical Bank
4278:"Paid Notice: Deaths ROOSEVELT, W. EMLEN"
3598:RANDALL, VIRGINIA MAIDA (April 5, 1993).
3532:"'Manny Hanny': A Name for History Books"
584:The 1917-1924 Chemical National Bank logo
5371:Defunct companies based in New York City
3907:
3905:
3311:Bennett, Robert A. (December 16, 1986).
2943:Wigmore, Barrie A. (December 23, 1985).
2344:(1930-2009), former chairman and CEO of
2335:firm, and former member of the board of
2176:
673:
456:
448:
5331:1823 establishments in New York (state)
5305:
5224:JPMorgan Chase Building (San Francisco)
4558:History of the Chemical Bank: 1823–1913
4196:from the original on November 12, 2020.
4148:Tarquinio, J. Alex (December 2, 2008).
3855:from the original on February 20, 2011.
3666:"As More Banks Vanish, Wall St. Cheers"
3290:Bennett, Robert A. (November 4, 1983).
2968:
2966:
2903:"History of J.P. Morgan Chase & Co"
2578:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
2558:
2189:, when the bank moved across the street
389:
5346:American companies established in 1823
4150:"Manhattan Awash in Open Office Space"
4127:Bagli, Charles V. (December 2, 2000).
3933:Sandberg-Diment, Erik (June 9, 1985).
3912:Elmer-Dewitt, Philip (July 15, 1985).
3727:"50 Years of Blockbuster Bank Mergers"
3358:"This Banker May Be Too Big for Texas"
3139:Reckert, Clare M. (January 20, 1975).
2997:Gray, Christopher (November 1, 1987).
2986:from the original on February 1, 2011.
2920:Gray, Christopher (January 23, 2009).
2474:, worked at the bank from 1972 to 1979
2444:, the originator of the world's first
364:. This division also included a small
5048:National Bank of Commerce in New York
3791:Kirkpatrick, Rob (January 15, 2009).
3313:"Chemical is Buying a Big Texas Bank"
2763:Harris, Luther S. (October 9, 2003).
2568:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2185:from 1979 until its 1991 merger with
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1965:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1910:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1826:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
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1780:
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1768:
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1751:
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1733:
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1693:
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1639:
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1485:
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1397:
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1254:
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1244:
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1234:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1185:
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1175:
1169:
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1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1075:
1073:
1064:
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1060:
1054:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1000:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
947:
7:
5269:
5139:270 Park Avenue (2021–present)
4933:Banca Commerciale Italiana Trust Co.
4221:from the original on April 25, 2022.
3705:Hansell, Saul (September 29, 1995).
3529:Hylton, Richard D. (July 16, 1991).
501:, as well as medicines, paints, and
4170:from the original on July 10, 2021.
3890:"Home Finance in an Electronic Age"
3380:"In Texas, 2 Paths to Bank Profits"
3377:Hayes, Thomas C. (March 14, 1989).
3249:"Fed Will Accept Florida Bank Plan"
3120:"CHEMICAL OPENING A BANK IN LONDON"
2862:"CHEMICAL BANK TO ABSORB CITIZENS'"
2275:. In 2008, after JPMorgan acquired
334:Consumer & Relationship Banking
5366:Defunct banks of the United States
5038:Mechanics and Metals National Bank
3978:"Banks' Plea: Drop That Checkbook"
3356:Hayes, Thomas C. (July 11, 1993).
3038:Kennedy, Randy (January 9, 1995).
2818:"Martindale Theft Still in a Maze"
2448:- worked for the bank in the 1950s
693:In 1954, Chemical merged with the
688:Continental Bank and Trust Company
558:, John D. Wolfe, Isaac Platt, and
545:In 1865, after the passage of the
115:in 1996 and assumed the Chase name
27:Former bank based in New York City
25:
5184:Chase Tower (Englewood, Colorado)
5134:270 Park Avenue (1960–2021)
4530:Barron, James (August 19, 2009).
4368:United States Department of State
4207:Holland, Oscar (April 19, 2022).
4086:Barron, James (August 27, 1991).
3794:1969: The Year Everything Changed
3640:Hansell, Saul (August 29, 1995).
3555:"Manufacturers Hanover Fades Out"
3164:"A Market Where Chemical is King"
2740:Haupert, Michael J. (Fall 1994).
2484:, worked with the bank since 1973
2187:Manufacturers Hanover Corporation
870:Manufacturers Hanover Corporation
5308:
5280:
5268:
5257:
5256:
4993:Fourth National Bank of New York
4677:
4572:
4533:"President Steps Down at Baruch"
4471:"Nancy Naples named to lead DMV"
4342:"CHEMICAL BANK OFFICIAL RESIGNS"
4317:Weber, Bruce (August 15, 2008).
4108:"Chemical Bank Selling Building"
3976:Quint, Michael (March 7, 1992).
3770:Hansell, Saul (March 29, 1996).
3619:Hansell, Saul (March 26, 1994).
3575:Quint, Michael (July 16, 1991).
3552:Quint, Michael (June 22, 1992).
3269:Quint, Michael (March 8, 1989).
3184:"Florida Bank's Special Meeting"
2382:, worked at the bank for 2 years
2295:Notable employees and executives
604:
592:
461:Chemical Bank $ 5 note, c. 1835.
434:
422:
407:
392:
181:
180:
5098:Valley National Bank of Arizona
4491:Carroll, Jerry (June 1, 1997).
4477:American City Business Journals
2515:, business partner and wife of
2431:, worked at the bank since 1983
2273:Donaldson Lufkin & Jenrette
856:transactions alongside various
201:Footnotes / references
5229:JPMorgan Chase Tower (Houston)
4256:Dash, Eric (January 6, 2009).
3469:"Kingpin of the Big-Time Loan"
3445:Rea, Alison (April 14, 1997).
3400:Berg, Eric N. (June 6, 1987).
3080:"New Status for Chemical Bank"
2771:Johns Hopkins University Press
2629:"The History of Chemical Bank"
2506:, former president and CEO of
704:In 1959, the bank merged with
1:
4978:Dime Savings Bank of New York
4659:Highbridge Capital Management
2454:, founder of Costikyan Freres
2198:
949:The Chemical Bank of New York
795:Southeast Banking Corporation
731:Chemical New York Corporation
5356:Banks disestablished in 1996
5351:Banks based in New York City
4968:Continental Bank & Trust
4449:"Darla Moore, Chemical Bank"
3843:: Interview with Don Wetzel"
3402:"Jersey Banks Await Mergers"
3204:"Florida Bank Merger Fought"
3100:"Chemical Plans Zurich Unit"
1912:Chemical Banking Corporation
831:Chemical Banking Corporation
808:business to Harris Bancorp.
400:Balthazar P. "Baltus" Melick
70:; 200 years ago
5199:Chase Tower (Oklahoma City)
3797:. Skyhorse Publishing Inc.
3686:"The Nation's Biggest Bank"
2240:Trowbridge & Livingston
1337:Manufacturers Trust Company
892:In 1996, Chemical acquired
804:In 1983, the bank sold its
699:Chemical Corn Exchange Bank
384:Presidents of Chemical Bank
5392:
5189:Chase Tower (Indianapolis)
4652:Chase Card Services Canada
3870:"Home Banking by Computer"
3605:United Press International
3448:"Jimmy Lee's Global Chase"
2400:, financial editor of the
2135:Rockville Centre, New York
2121:Electronic banking history
887:New York metropolitan area
378:Founding and early history
362:New York metropolitan area
296:leveraged loan syndication
29:
5361:Banks established in 1823
5252:
5239:One Chase Manhattan Plaza
4925:American Savings and Loan
4675:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2007:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1953:
1951:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1870:
1868:
1856:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1812:
1810:
1798:
1796:
1772:
1770:
1741:
1739:
1715:
1713:
1705:
1699:
1697:
1689:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1669:
1667:
1643:
1641:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1611:
1609:
1601:
1599:
1591:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1539:
1537:
1529:
1527:
1519:
1517:
1509:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1475:
1473:
1465:
1463:
1455:
1453:
1445:
1443:
1435:
1433:
1425:
1423:
1411:
1409:
1401:
1399:
1391:
1389:
1381:
1379:
1371:
1369:
1361:
1359:
1349:
1347:
1330:
1328:
1320:
1318:
1310:
1308:
1300:
1298:
1286:
1284:
1268:
1266:
1258:
1256:
1248:
1246:
1238:
1236:
1209:
1207:
1199:
1197:
1189:
1187:
1179:
1177:
1138:
1136:
1128:
1126:
1118:
1116:
1058:
1056:
1004:
1002:
920:; the bank completed the
889:and laid off 650 people.
850:Chemical Venture Partners
326:trading and structuring,
310:underwriting. The bank's
199:
156:John Francis McGillicuddy
42:
32:TCF Financial Corporation
5093:Trust Company of America
5043:National Bank of Detroit
4517:Apollo Global Management
4390:Embassy of US in Uruguay
2633:Chase Alumni Association
2300:Executives and directors
2225:Barnum's American Museum
2131:automated teller machine
549:, Chemical received its
292:corporate restructurings
288:mergers and acquisitions
5209:Chase Tower (Rochester)
5194:Chase Tower (Milwaukee)
5073:Robert Fleming & Co
4771:William B. Harrison Jr.
4303:Harvard Business School
3848:Smithsonian Institution
3494:Harvard Business School
3292:"SALE BY CHEMICAL BANK"
2480:, former ambassador to
2470:, former ambassador to
2414:New York Herald Tribune
2306:William B. Harrison Jr.
2133:(ATM) at its branch in
910:William B. Harrison Jr.
540:New York Clearing House
320:foreign exchange market
220:. In 1996, it acquired
151:William B. Harrison Jr.
5164:Chase Tower (Amarillo)
5058:New York Trust Company
4428:"Kathryn V. Marinello"
3914:"Brave New Piggy Bank"
3851:. September 21, 1995.
2746:The American Economist
2647:"225 years of history"
2436:Other former employees
2348:, organized the marger
2329:Brysam Global Partners
2308:(1943-), later CEO of
2212:
2204:
2190:
2181:Chemical's offices at
2157:In 1985, Chemical and
1065:Citizens National Bank
819:
775:
706:New York Trust Company
679:
671:
585:
462:
454:
185:$ 182.9 billion (1995)
5204:Chase Tower (Phoenix)
5179:Chase Tower (El Paso)
5169:Chase Tower (Chicago)
5088:The Manhattan Company
5078:State Bank of Chicago
5033:Manufacturers Hanover
5008:HF Ahmanson & Co.
5003:Hambrecht & Quist
4786:Douglas A. Warner III
4751:Junius Spencer Morgan
4009:. September 21, 1928.
3898:. September 20, 1982.
2846:. September 12, 1917.
2826:. September 16, 1917.
2346:Manufacturers Hanover
2210:
2196:
2180:
1753:Manufacturers Hanover
814:
788:Florida National Bank
773:Manufacturers Hanover
770:
677:
665:
625:J.P. Morgan & Co.
583:
460:
452:
324:financial derivatives
261:Manufacturers Hanover
5174:Chase Tower (Dallas)
4958:Chase Manhattan Bank
4943:Bank United of Texas
4761:Henry Sturgis Morgan
4741:John Pierpont Morgan
4709:Mary Callahan Erdoes
4655:EMC Mortgage Company
4519:. February 22, 2023.
4192:. October 28, 2019.
4075:. December 22, 1926.
3827:: 84. December 2005.
3735:. September 4, 1995.
3497:. February 10, 2003.
3088:. November 30, 1968.
2709:(November 1, 2001).
2508:Ceridian Corporation
2504:Kathryn V. Marinello
2498:Silver Lake Partners
2478:Christopher C. Ashby
2452:Granger K. Costikyan
873:in the U.S., behind
806:stock transfer agent
218:bank holding company
59:Bank holding company
5083:Texas Commerce Bank
4929:Anchor Savings Bank
4816:Dennis Weatherstone
4669:One Equity Partners
4480:. January 23, 2006.
4458:. January 23, 1992.
4351:. October 26, 1987.
4298:"Walter V. Shipley"
4233:Sorkin, Andrew Ross
4053:. January 29, 1921.
3664:(August 29, 1995).
3228:"Southeast Banking"
3216:. February 9, 1982.
3172:. January 11, 1987.
3068:. January 26, 1968.
2673:. January 28, 1935.
2390:Roosevelt & Son
2380:Roosevelt & Son
2370:Cornelius Roosevelt
2358:Balthazar P. Melick
1146:Texas Commerce Bank
932:Acquisition history
816:Texas Commerce Bank
801:for $ 115 million.
780:Texas Commerce Bank
742:Zurich, Switzerland
556:Cornelius Roosevelt
467:Balthazar P. Melick
257:Texas Commerce Bank
249:Balthazar P. Melick
212:, headquartered in
191:Number of employees
87:Balthazar P. Melick
39:
5244:The Qube (Detroit)
5149:383 Madison Avenue
5053:National Park Bank
5023:JP Morgan & Co
4998:Great Western Bank
4973:Corn Exchange Bank
4897:Phebe N. Novakovic
4664:JP Morgan & Co
4539:The New York Times
4348:The New York Times
4326:The New York Times
4283:The New York Times
4263:The New York Times
4242:The New York Times
4155:The New York Times
4134:The New York Times
4113:The New York Times
4093:The New York Times
4072:The New York Times
4050:The New York Times
4028:The New York Times
4006:The New York Times
3983:The New York Times
3940:The New York Times
3875:The New York Times
3777:The New York Times
3752:The New York Times
3732:The New York Times
3712:The New York Times
3694:. August 30, 1995.
3691:The New York Times
3671:The New York Times
3647:The New York Times
3626:The New York Times
3584:The New York Times
3561:The New York Times
3538:The New York Times
3515:The New York Times
3477:. August 11, 1995.
3474:The New York Times
3427:The New York Times
3407:The New York Times
3386:The New York Times
3363:The New York Times
3342:The New York Times
3335:(March 31, 1988).
3333:Shipley, Walter V.
3318:The New York Times
3297:The New York Times
3276:The New York Times
3255:The New York Times
3233:The New York Times
3209:The New York Times
3189:The New York Times
3169:The New York Times
3146:The New York Times
3125:The New York Times
3105:The New York Times
3085:The New York Times
3065:The New York Times
3045:The New York Times
3024:The New York Times
3004:The New York Times
2974:"Helm at the Helm"
2929:The New York Times
2891:. August 26, 1942.
2888:The New York Times
2868:The New York Times
2843:The New York Times
2823:The New York Times
2803:The New York Times
2692:The New York Times
2460:, the last CEO of
2417:from 1938 to 1940.
2386:James A. Roosevelt
2281:383 Madison Avenue
2255:Financial District
2236:Goodhue Livingston
2213:
2205:
2191:
1077:Corn Exchange Bank
922:corporate spin-off
916:group was renamed
858:financial sponsors
820:
776:
738:Frankfurt, Germany
717:Westchester County
695:Corn Exchange Bank
684:Harold Holmes Helm
680:
672:
668:Corn Exchange Bank
586:
463:
455:
342:commercial banking
280:investment banking
253:Corn Exchange Bank
234:investment banking
167:Financial services
5296:
5295:
5103:Washington Mutual
4920:American Fletcher
4842:
4841:
4781:Walter V. Shipley
4766:David Rockefeller
4515:(Press release).
4235:(June 17, 2015).
4116:. April 10, 1981.
3962:Los Angeles Times
3878:. March 29, 1983.
3824:Popular Mechanics
3759:. March 22, 1996.
3434:. March 17, 1988.
3422:"Chemical's Name"
2982:. June 15, 1959.
2871:. March 19, 1920.
2517:Richard Rainwater
2462:Washington Mutual
2446:money market fund
2442:Henry B. R. Brown
2421:Walter V. Shipley
2342:John McGillicuddy
2219:at the corner of
2118:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2086:
1917:
1758:
1341:
1228:
1153:
1084:
1071:
954:
906:Walter V. Shipley
842:leveraged finance
746:Brussels, Belgium
621:William H. Porter
547:National Bank Act
354:home equity loans
236:and underwriting
226:corporate banking
207:
206:
146:Walter V. Shipley
16:(Redirected from
5383:
5313:
5312:
5311:
5304:
5284:
5272:
5271:
5260:
5259:
5013:Indiana National
4902:Virginia Rometty
4826:Winthrop Aldrich
4811:Thomas W. Lamont
4806:James B. Lee Jr.
4746:J. P. Morgan Jr.
4693:
4681:
4648:Chase Paymentech
4612:
4605:
4598:
4589:
4582:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4544:
4543:
4535:
4527:
4521:
4520:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4473:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4451:
4444:
4438:
4437:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4406:(May 23, 2017).
4400:
4394:
4393:
4387:
4379:
4373:
4372:
4363:"Ford M. Fraker"
4359:
4353:
4352:
4344:
4337:
4331:
4330:
4322:
4314:
4308:
4307:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4185:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4124:
4118:
4117:
4104:
4098:
4097:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4068:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4046:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4024:
4017:
4011:
4010:
4002:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3958:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3909:
3900:
3899:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3866:
3857:
3856:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3819:"In Their Words"
3815:
3809:
3808:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3757:Associated Press
3743:
3737:
3736:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3580:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3557:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3534:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3450:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3382:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3258:. March 2, 1984.
3251:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3236:. March 3, 1983.
3224:
3218:
3217:
3214:Associated Press
3200:
3194:
3193:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3160:
3151:
3150:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3108:. April 8, 1971.
3096:
3090:
3089:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3015:
3009:
3008:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2970:
2961:
2960:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2925:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2907:Funding Universe
2899:
2893:
2892:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2864:
2857:
2848:
2847:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2806:. July 17, 1917.
2799:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2695:. July 30, 1924.
2688:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2625:
2582:
2581:
2570:
2543:Kathleen Waldron
2427:and chairman of
2315:James B. Lee Jr.
2283:. After the old
2253:, closer to the
2251:Cortlandt Street
2203:
2200:
2141:and his company
2084:
1916:reorganized 1988
1915:
1756:
1340:established 1905
1339:
1227:established 1873
1226:
1150:established 1866
1149:
1081:established 1852
1080:
1068:established 1851
1067:
953:established 1823
952:
945:
944:
936:
838:leveraged buyout
652:Great Depression
608:
596:
551:national charter
438:
426:
411:
396:
338:consumer banking
184:
183:
177:
103:
101:
78:
76:
71:
47:
40:
21:
18:Chemical Banking
5391:
5390:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5380:
5321:
5320:
5319:
5309:
5307:
5299:
5297:
5292:
5248:
5144:277 Park Avenue
5124:245 Park Avenue
5119:125 London Wall
5107:
5028:Lincoln Savings
5018:Jardine Fleming
4912:
4906:
4849:
4838:
4729:
4716:Gordon A. Smith
4713:Daniel E. Pinto
4688:
4682:
4673:
4621:
4616:
4578:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4553:
4551:Further reading
4548:
4547:
4529:
4528:
4524:
4511:
4510:
4506:
4490:
4489:
4485:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4455:American Banker
4446:
4445:
4441:
4426:
4425:
4421:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4385:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4339:
4338:
4334:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4286:. July 8, 1998.
4276:
4275:
4271:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4189:American Banker
4180:
4179:
4175:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4126:
4125:
4121:
4106:
4105:
4101:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4041:
4040:
4036:
4031:. June 4, 1951.
4019:
4018:
4014:
4000:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3965:. June 4, 1985.
3953:
3952:
3948:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3911:
3910:
3903:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3868:
3867:
3860:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3805:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3192:. May 20, 1982.
3182:
3181:
3177:
3162:
3161:
3154:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3128:. July 4, 1970.
3118:
3117:
3113:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3027:. June 3, 1959.
3017:
3016:
3012:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2972:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2859:
2858:
2851:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2781:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2627:
2626:
2585:
2572:
2571:
2560:
2555:
2458:Alan H. Fishman
2438:
2392:, hired in 1890
2376:Emlen Roosevelt
2302:
2297:
2289:270 Park Avenue
2285:270 Park Avenue
2269:277 Park Avenue
2217:Lower Manhattan
2201:
2183:277 Park Avenue
2175:
2173:Offices history
2123:
2083:
1914:
1755:
1338:
1225:
1151:
1148:
1082:
1079:
1069:
1066:
951:
934:
879:270 Park Avenue
866:
784:Horizon Bancorp
765:
660:
616:
615:
614:
613:
612:
609:
601:
600:
597:
578:
560:Bradish Johnson
509:and new roads.
447:
446:
445:
442:
439:
430:
427:
418:
412:
403:
397:
386:
385:
380:
375:
366:private banking
328:risk management
316:venture capital
300:high yield debt
269:
238:corporate bonds
203:
192:
173:
154:
153:(vice chairman)
149:
148:(chairman, CEO)
142:
99:
97:
74:
72:
69:
50:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5389:
5387:
5379:
5378:
5376:JPMorgan Chase
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5323:
5322:
5318:
5317:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5290:
5278:
5266:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5129:25 Bank Street
5126:
5121:
5115:
5113:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4927:
4922:
4916:
4914:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4891:
4889:Mellody Hobson
4886:
4881:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4854:
4852:
4844:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4828:
4823:
4821:John J. McCloy
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4801:Blythe Masters
4798:
4793:
4791:Temple Bowdoin
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4756:George Peabody
4753:
4748:
4743:
4737:
4735:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4714:
4711:
4706:
4699:
4697:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4629:
4627:
4623:
4622:
4619:JPMorgan Chase
4617:
4615:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4592:
4584:
4583:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4522:
4504:
4483:
4461:
4439:
4419:
4413:Yahoo! Finance
4395:
4374:
4354:
4332:
4309:
4289:
4269:
4248:
4224:
4199:
4173:
4140:
4119:
4099:
4078:
4056:
4034:
4012:
3989:
3968:
3946:
3925:
3901:
3881:
3858:
3830:
3810:
3804:978-1602393660
3803:
3783:
3762:
3738:
3718:
3697:
3677:
3653:
3632:
3611:
3590:
3567:
3544:
3521:
3500:
3480:
3460:
3454:Bloomberg News
3437:
3413:
3392:
3369:
3348:
3324:
3303:
3282:
3261:
3239:
3219:
3195:
3175:
3152:
3131:
3111:
3091:
3071:
3051:
3030:
3010:
2989:
2962:
2956:978-0313245749
2955:
2935:
2912:
2894:
2874:
2849:
2829:
2809:
2786:
2780:978-0801873416
2779:
2755:
2732:
2726:978-0765607300
2725:
2707:Markham, Jerry
2698:
2676:
2656:
2651:JPMorgan Chase
2638:
2583:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2547:Baruch College
2540:
2534:
2528:
2524:, director of
2519:
2510:
2501:
2494:Glenn Hutchins
2491:
2488:Abraham George
2485:
2475:
2468:Ford M. Fraker
2465:
2455:
2449:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2429:JPMorgan Chase
2418:
2398:record company
2393:
2383:
2373:
2367:
2364:John L. Notter
2361:
2355:
2349:
2339:
2337:JPMorgan Chase
2333:private equity
2325:Robert I. Lipp
2322:
2319:JPMorgan Chase
2312:
2310:JPMorgan Chase
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2265:JPMorgan Chase
2174:
2171:
2127:online banking
2122:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1766:
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1763:
1761:
1759:
1750:
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1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
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1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
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1718:
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1714:
1712:
1709:
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1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
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1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
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1670:
1668:
1666:
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1644:
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1622:
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1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
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1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
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1548:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1540:
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1534:
1532:
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1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
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1516:
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1510:
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1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
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1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1350:
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1335:
1333:
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1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
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1313:
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1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
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1292:
1291:
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1287:
1285:
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1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
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1239:
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1235:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1074:
1072:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
941:
940:
933:
930:
914:private equity
902:JPMorgan Chase
865:
862:
854:private equity
764:
761:
659:
656:
644:Madison Avenue
610:
603:
602:
598:
591:
590:
589:
588:
587:
577:
574:
471:Joseph Sampson
444:
443:
440:
433:
431:
428:
421:
419:
413:
406:
404:
398:
391:
388:
387:
383:
382:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
369:
350:mortgage loans
331:
312:private equity
268:
265:
230:retail banking
205:
204:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
186:
178:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
143:
140:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
124:JPMorgan Chase
121:
117:
116:
109:
105:
104:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
48:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5388:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5316:
5306:
5302:
5289:
5288:
5283:
5279:
5277:
5276:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5255:
5254:
5251:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5110:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4983:First Chicago
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4963:Chemical Bank
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4953:CenTrust Bank
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4909:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4884:Laban Jackson
4882:
4880:Timothy Flynn
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:Linda Bammann
4856:
4855:
4853:
4851:
4845:
4835:
4832:
4830:Matthew Zames
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4776:John B. McCoy
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4732:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4720:Marianne Lake
4718:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4694:
4691:
4685:
4680:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4613:
4608:
4606:
4601:
4599:
4594:
4593:
4590:
4586:
4581:
4570:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4541:
4540:
4534:
4526:
4523:
4518:
4514:
4508:
4505:
4500:
4499:
4494:
4487:
4484:
4479:
4478:
4472:
4465:
4462:
4457:
4456:
4450:
4443:
4440:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4423:
4420:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4405:
4399:
4396:
4391:
4384:
4378:
4375:
4370:
4369:
4364:
4358:
4355:
4350:
4349:
4343:
4336:
4333:
4328:
4327:
4321:
4313:
4310:
4305:
4304:
4299:
4293:
4290:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4273:
4270:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4252:
4249:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4234:
4228:
4225:
4220:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4203:
4200:
4195:
4191:
4190:
4184:
4177:
4174:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4144:
4141:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4123:
4120:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4103:
4100:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4082:
4079:
4074:
4073:
4067:
4060:
4057:
4052:
4051:
4045:
4038:
4035:
4030:
4029:
4023:
4016:
4013:
4008:
4007:
3999:
3993:
3990:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3972:
3969:
3964:
3963:
3957:
3950:
3947:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3929:
3926:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3854:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3842:
3834:
3831:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3814:
3811:
3806:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3787:
3784:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3766:
3763:
3758:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3742:
3739:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3722:
3719:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3701:
3698:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3681:
3678:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3662:Norris, Floyd
3657:
3654:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3636:
3633:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3615:
3612:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3594:
3591:
3586:
3585:
3579:
3571:
3568:
3563:
3562:
3556:
3548:
3545:
3540:
3539:
3533:
3525:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3504:
3501:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3481:
3476:
3475:
3470:
3464:
3461:
3456:
3455:
3449:
3441:
3438:
3433:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3417:
3414:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3396:
3393:
3388:
3387:
3381:
3373:
3370:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3352:
3349:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3334:
3328:
3325:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3307:
3304:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3286:
3283:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3265:
3262:
3257:
3256:
3250:
3243:
3240:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3220:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3179:
3176:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3135:
3132:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3115:
3112:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3095:
3092:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3052:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3034:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2993:
2990:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2939:
2936:
2931:
2930:
2924:
2916:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2863:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2830:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2805:
2804:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2782:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2759:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2736:
2733:
2728:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2694:
2693:
2687:
2680:
2677:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:, founder of
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2399:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2327:, partner of
2326:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2209:
2195:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2139:Donald Wetzel
2136:
2132:
2128:
2120:
2111:
2082:
2081:Chemical Bank
2060:
2057:
2039:
2037:
2018:
2005:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1882:
1881:
1854:
1830:
1825:
1823:
1767:
1765:
1754:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1701:
1696:
1687:
1679:
1677:
1638:
1635:
1619:
1618:
1579:
1563:
1558:
1555:
1547:
1546:
1497:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1420:
1418:
1356:
1354:
1295:
1293:
1233:
1231:
1174:
1172:
1152:acquired 1986
1147:
1113:
1111:
1083:acquired 1954
1078:
1070:acquired 1920
1053:
1051:
999:
997:
950:
946:
943:
942:
938:
937:
931:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
898:
895:
890:
888:
883:
880:
876:
871:
863:
861:
859:
855:
852:to invest in
851:
847:
843:
839:
834:
832:
827:
824:
817:
813:
809:
807:
802:
800:
796:
791:
789:
785:
781:
774:
769:
762:
760:
757:
755:
751:
750:Paris, France
747:
743:
739:
734:
732:
727:
725:
720:
718:
714:
709:
707:
702:
700:
696:
691:
689:
685:
676:
669:
664:
657:
655:
653:
650:. During the
649:
645:
640:
636:
632:
628:
626:
622:
607:
595:
582:
575:
573:
569:
566:
563:
561:
557:
552:
548:
543:
541:
537:
536:Panic of 1857
532:
529:
525:
523:
519:
518:Panic of 1837
515:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
459:
451:
437:
432:
425:
420:
416:
410:
405:
401:
395:
390:
377:
372:
367:
363:
359:
358:student loans
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
332:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
274:
273:
272:
266:
264:
262:
259:in 1987, and
258:
254:
250:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
214:New York City
211:
210:Chemical Bank
202:
198:
195:39,078 (1995)
194:
188:
179:
176:
171:
168:
165:
161:
157:
152:
147:
144:
138:
135:
134:New York City
132:
128:
125:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
95:
91:
88:
85:
81:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
46:
41:
38:Chemical Bank
33:
19:
5285:
5273:
5261:
5234:McCoy Center
5214:Chater House
5154:Chase Center
4962:
4948:Bear Stearns
4893:Michael Neal
4834:Steven Black
4585:
4580:Banks portal
4537:
4525:
4507:
4496:
4486:
4475:
4464:
4453:
4442:
4431:
4422:
4411:
4404:Serwer, Andy
4398:
4389:
4377:
4366:
4357:
4346:
4335:
4324:
4312:
4301:
4292:
4281:
4272:
4261:
4251:
4240:
4227:
4212:
4202:
4187:
4176:
4153:
4143:
4132:
4122:
4111:
4102:
4091:
4081:
4070:
4059:
4048:
4037:
4026:
4015:
4004:
3992:
3981:
3971:
3960:
3949:
3938:
3928:
3917:
3893:
3884:
3873:
3846:
3840:
3833:
3822:
3813:
3793:
3786:
3775:
3765:
3750:
3741:
3730:
3721:
3710:
3700:
3689:
3680:
3669:
3656:
3645:
3635:
3624:
3614:
3603:
3593:
3582:
3570:
3559:
3547:
3536:
3524:
3513:
3503:
3492:
3483:
3472:
3463:
3452:
3440:
3425:
3416:
3405:
3395:
3384:
3372:
3361:
3351:
3340:
3327:
3316:
3306:
3295:
3285:
3274:
3264:
3253:
3242:
3231:
3222:
3207:
3198:
3187:
3178:
3167:
3144:
3134:
3123:
3114:
3103:
3094:
3083:
3074:
3063:
3054:
3043:
3033:
3022:
3013:
3002:
2992:
2977:
2945:
2938:
2927:
2915:
2906:
2897:
2886:
2877:
2866:
2841:
2832:
2821:
2812:
2801:
2789:
2765:
2758:
2749:
2745:
2735:
2711:
2701:
2690:
2679:
2668:
2659:
2641:
2632:
2522:Nancy Naples
2472:Saudi Arabia
2412:
2403:
2277:Bear Stearns
2262:
2259:
2244:
2233:
2229:270 Broadway
2214:
2156:
2147:
2124:
2080:
1911:
1224:Hanover Bank
948:
918:CCMP Capital
899:
891:
884:
867:
835:
830:
828:
825:
821:
803:
792:
777:
758:
754:Tokyo, Japan
735:
730:
728:
721:
710:
703:
698:
692:
681:
641:
637:
633:
629:
617:
570:
567:
564:
544:
533:
530:
526:
511:
483:blue vitriol
464:
346:credit cards
333:
284:market maker
275:
270:
246:
209:
208:
200:
175:Total assets
130:Headquarters
5287:Wikiversity
5159:Chase Field
5063:Ord Minnett
4911:Historical
4876:Jamie Dimon
4871:James Crown
4861:Steve Burke
4725:Jing Ulrich
4703:Jamie Dimon
4633:Beacon Rail
3841:Smithsonian
2717:M.E. Sharpe
2513:Darla Moore
2404:Times-Union
2202: 1913
2159:BankAmerica
2085:merged 1991
1757:merged 1961
799:First Union
782:(1986) and
752:(1971) and
713:Long Island
648:74th Street
534:During the
491:nitric acid
276:Global Bank
232:as well as
228:as well as
5325:Categories
4913:components
4866:Todd Combs
4796:Jes Staley
4689:executives
4638:Chase Bank
2553:References
2537:Pat Toomey
2531:Peggy Post
2425:Chase Bank
2402:Rochester
2352:John Mason
2221:Ann Street
894:Chase Bank
514:John Mason
507:Erie Canal
475:state bank
415:John Mason
302:and other
267:Operations
222:Chase Bank
158:(director)
141:Key people
113:Chase Bank
5315:Companies
5112:Buildings
5068:Providian
4988:First USA
4850:directors
4848:Board of
4626:Divisions
4164:0362-4331
2167:Time Inc.
846:Jimmy Lee
726:company.
724:factoring
658:1947–1979
576:1900–1946
512:In 1826,
499:saltpeter
479:chemicals
322:dealing;
255:in 1954,
120:Successor
111:Acquired
5263:Category
4938:Bank One
4687:Notable
4643:Chase UK
4219:Archived
4194:Archived
4168:Archived
3853:Archived
2984:Archived
2247:Broadway
2163:AT&T
926:Bank One
875:Citicorp
790:(1982).
748:(1971),
744:(1971),
740:(1969),
481:such as
163:Products
55:Industry
5275:Commons
4696:current
3432:Reuters
2482:Uruguay
2409:Gannett
2143:Docutel
715:and in
495:camphor
373:History
98: (
93:Defunct
83:Founder
73: (
65:Founded
5301:Portal
4734:former
4560:. 1913
4498:SFGate
4162:
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2953:
2777:
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2526:Amtrak
528:1844.
497:, and
356:, and
308:equity
242:equity
4705:(CEO)
4433:Volvo
4386:(PDF)
4001:(PDF)
2798:(PDF)
2151:Atari
864:1990s
763:1980s
4160:ISSN
3919:Time
3895:Time
3799:ISBN
2979:Time
2951:ISBN
2775:ISBN
2721:ISBN
2670:Time
2331:, a
2249:and
2165:and
666:The
646:and
522:coin
503:dyes
487:alum
314:and
306:and
304:debt
290:and
240:and
108:Fate
100:1996
96:1996
75:1824
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