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whether they will "go bank", playing against the entire current bank with a matching wager. A maximum of one player may "go bank". If no one "goes bank", players make their wagers in order. If the total wagers from the players are less than the bank, observing bystanders may also wager up to the amount of the bank. If the total wagers from the players are greater than the bank, the banker may choose to increase the bank to match; otherwise, the excess wagers are removed in reverse play order.
861:. The house edge on a banker bet under Super 6 is 1.46% compared with regular commission baccarat at 1.058%. This is equivalent to increasing the commission by 17.45% to 5.87%. The banker wins with a 6 about five times every eight-deck shoe. As well as its increased house edge, the Super 6 variation is used by casinos for its speed, since it partially does away with the time-consuming process of calculating and collecting commission on winning banker bets except for winning with a 6.
770:, who may wager tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars on a single hand. Minimum bets are relatively high, often starting at $ 100 and going as high as $ 500. Posted maximum bets are often arranged to suit a player. The table is staffed by a croupier, who directs the play of the game, and two dealers who calculate tax and collect and pay bets. Six or eight decks of cards are used, normally shuffled only by the croupier and dealers. The
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1069:. Since the Prince of Wales was involved in the incident, it inspired a huge amount of media interest in the game, bringing baccarat to the attention of the public at large. Accounts of the scandal in newspapers also included the rules for the game. The scandal became the subject of music hall songs and a stage play.
993:
Macao uses two decks of cards shuffled together. Punters place their bets (within the agreed limits) against the banker. Initially, one card is dealt clockwise and face down to every player by the banker. The punters' objective is to beat the banker's card value or risk losing their bet. In case of a
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If all punters' bets exceed the bank stake, the banker does not need to put more money. In the event of their losing, the croupier pays the punters in order of rotation until the bank runs out of money. The remainders are returned. The banker may, however, choose to accept the bets and increase their
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A banker must play out one hand, but may retire at any time afterwards. On retiring, they must state the amount they retire with. It is then open to any other player (in order of rotation) to continue the bank, starting with the same stake and dealing from undealt cards. The outgoing banker takes the
891:
Once play begins, one player is designated as the banker; this player also deals. The other players are "punters". The position of banker passes counterclockwise in the course of the game. In each round, the banker wagers the amount they are willing to risk. Each other player, in order, then declares
916:
If the banker wishes to withdraw, the new banker is the first player in order willing to stake an amount equal to the current bank total. If no one is willing to stake this amount, the new banker is instead the next player in order, and the bank resets to whatever they wish to stake. Many games have
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by the other individuals whose money is at stake – dictates that one always accept a card if one's hand totals between 0 and 4, inclusive, and always refuse a card if it totals 6 or 7. After the player finishes, the banker, in turn, decides either to accept or to refuse another card. Once both
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If the player's hand exceeds the banker's hand when they are compared, each wagering player receives back their wager and a matching amount from the bank, and the position of banker passes to the next player in order. If the banker's hand exceeds the player's hand, all wagers are forfeit and placed
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by the remaining players. The player with the highest individual wager (or first in play order if tied for highest wager) is selected to represent the group of non-banker players. The banker and player both look at their cards; if either has an eight or a nine, this is immediately announced and the
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among casino table games, and some of the highest. The player bet has, relative to most casino bets, a low house edge of 1.24%, and the banker bet (accounting for the 5% commission on the win) is even lower, at 1.06%. In contrast, the tie bet, which pays 8-to-1, has a high house edge of 14.4%. Most
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may call the total (e.g., "five player, three banker"). If either the player or banker or both achieve a total of 8 or 9 at this stage, the coup is finished and the result is announced: a player win, a banker win, or tie. If neither hand has eight or nine, the drawing rules are applied to determine
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When a banker is determined, they sit opposite the croupier with the discard area between. On both sides of the banker are the punters (traditionally, ten such constituting a full table). Other players cannot sit directly and may only bet when active players' bets don't cover the banker's stakes.
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Should both the player and banker have the same value at the end of the deal the croupier shall announce "égalité — tie bets win." All tie bets will be paid at 8-to-1 odds and all bets on player or banker remain in place and active for the next game (the customer may or may not be able to retract
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The croupier shuffles the cards then prompts one punter from their right, one from their left then the banker to reshuffle and finally selects a random player to cut. After every player has bet, the banker deals one card to one of the right punters, the second to one of the left punters, and the
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is held by one of the players, who deals the cards on the instructions of the croupier according to the tableau. On a player win, the shoe moves either to the highest winning bettor, or to the next person in clockwise order around the table, depending on the casino's conventions. The shoe may be
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The banker is initially determined via auctioning, i.e. is given to the player who will undertake to risk the largest amount. In some circles, the person who has first set down their name on the list of players has the right to hold the first bank, risking such amount as they may think proper.
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of the sum of their constituent cards. For example, a hand consisting of 2 and 3 is worth five, while a hand consisting of 6 and 7 is worth three, that being the value of the units digit in the combined point total of thirteen. The highest possible hand value in baccarat is therefore nine.
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whether the player should receive a third card. Then, based on the value of any card drawn to the player, the drawing rules are applied to determine whether the banker should receive a third card. The coup is then finished, the outcome is announced, and winning bets are paid out.
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American casinos are generating an increasing amount of their revenue from baccarat play. For example, in May 2012, Nevada only generated 18.3% of its total table gaming win from baccarat. However, in May 2013, this percentage increased to 33.1% and in May 2014 it rose to 45.2%.
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the first card face up and then based on its respective numerical value, with aces worth 1 and face cards worth 10, the dealer burns that many cards face down. For each coup, two cards are dealt face up to each hand, starting from "player" and alternating between the hands. The
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banks the game at all times, and commits to playing out both hands according to fixed drawing rules, known as the "tableau" (French: "board"), in contrast to more historic baccarat games where each hand is associated with an individual who makes drawing choices. The player
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9 receives triple the amount of the bet as long as the banker does not have a natural 9 too. Winning with a natural 8 awards double while winning with a 7 or under is only equal to the bet. Players can request additional cards which are dealt face up; if it is a ten or a
973:
A player going bank may either do so for as many times as they like until they lose, or as a cheval, i.e. on two hands separately, one-half of the stake being played upon each hand. A player going bank and losing may go bank again, until they lose for the third time.
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The croupier will deal the cards according to the tableau and the croupier will announce the winning hand, either the player or the banker. Losing bets will be collected and the winning bets will be paid according to the rules of the house. Usually, 1-to-1
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showed he had manipulated the dealer into rotating certain cards in the deck to exploit the flaw on the back of the cards. The
Borgata prevailed and won $ 10.1 million, which Ivey refused to pay. In February 2019, the Borgata received approval from the
248:
Baccarat has been popular among the French nobility since the 19th century. During the
Napoleonic era and before the legalization of casino gambling in 1907, people in France commonly played baccarat in private gaming rooms. Dating to this time period,
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third to themselves. This is done twice, resulting in 6 cards on the table. Each side wins or loses depending on the cards dealt to that side only. The rules as to turning up with eight or nine, offering and accepting cards, and so on, are the same as
279:, in which the bettor bets on whether the Player or the Banker hand wins, was a significant change in the development of modern baccarat. It developed into a house-banked game in Havana in the 1940s, and is the most popular modern form.
196:
considers Macao as the immediate precursor to baccarat. Its name and rules suggest it may have been brought over by sailors returning from Asia where similar card games have been played since the early 17th century such as San zhang,
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hands are turned face-up and compared. If neither hand is an eight or nine, the player has a choice to accept or refuse a third card; if accepted, it is dealt face-up. Traditional practice – grounded in mathematics, similar to
868:, even money is paid on both winning banker or player bets, except when the banker wins with a total of 7 after the third card is drawn, which results in a push on banker bets. The game has two additional options, the
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If the player stood pat (i.e. has only two cards), the banker regards only their own hand and acts according to the same rule as the player, i.e. the banker draws a third card with hands 5 or less and stands with 6 or
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1099:; the unabridged version of the novel includes a primer to the game for readers who are unfamiliar with it. It is also featured in several filmed versions of the character, including the 1954 television adaptation of
181:
The origins of the game are disputed. Some sources claim that it dates to the 19th century, others that the game was introduced into France from Italy at the end of the 15th century by soldiers returning from the
130:. It is a comparing card game played between two hands, the "player" and the "banker". Each baccarat coup (round of play) has three possible outcomes: "player" (player has the higher score), "banker", and "tie".
349:) are simply designations for the two hands dealt out in each coup, two outcomes which the bettor can back; the player hand has no particular association with the gambler, nor the banker hand with the house.
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1717:
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A mini-baccarat variation where even money is paid on winning banker bets (rather than 95%), except when the banker wins with 6, which pay only 50% of the bet, goes under various names including
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tie, whoever has the same value with fewer cards wins. The banker wins if there is a tie in both value and number of cards (in an early version, all bets are off). Any punter who receives a
944:. The shoe contains three inter-shuffled decks. The banker, unless they retire because they wish to or ran out of money to stake, keeps their role until all these cards have been dealt.
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In the US, the full-scale version of punto banco is usually played at large tables in roped off areas or private rooms separated from the main gaming floor. The game is frequented by
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Six decks of cards are used, shuffled together. Players are seated in random order, typically around an oval table; discarded cards go to the center. Play begins to the right of the
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as in the other games. Beating the banker with a pair only awards an equal amount to the bet. When the deck is exhausted, the player to the banker's left becomes the new banker.
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273:, comes from the version being quicker than the original game, the railway being at that time the fastest means of transport. It is still the most popular version in France.
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to go after Ivey's assets in the state of Nevada, since he had no assets in the state of New Jersey to pursue. Ivey and the
Borgata reached a settlement in July 2020.
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Each punter continues to hold the cards for their side so long as they win or tie. If they lose, the next hand is dealt to the player next following them in rotation.
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245:, especially in Russia. Like Macao and baccarat, Victoria was banned in Russia during the 19th century though the rules continued to be printed in game books.
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is a version of banco punto played on a small table with smaller minimums/maximums. It is popular with more casual players, particularly those from Asia.
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own stakes anyway. If they do so, the bank becomes unlimited and the banker must either cover all bets posted by all players or give up the bank.
1936:
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about $ 11 million because he had used edge sorting to gain an advantage. The same year, Ivey and a female companion won $ 9.6 million at the
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1003:, they can reject it and ask for another. In an early version of this game, going over 9 with extra cards amounts to a "bust" as in
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If the player has an initial total of 5 or less, they draw a third card. If the player has an initial total of 6 or 7, they stand.
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is placed in front of the seventh from last card, and the drawing of the cut-card indicates the last coup of the shoe. The dealer
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The card counting technique gained attention in 2012 when a casino in the United
Kingdom refused to pay professional gambler
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into the bank, and the banker position does not change. If there is a tie, wagers remain as they are for the next hand.
205:. Macao appeared in Europe at the end of the 18th century and was popular for all classes. Its notoriety led to King
2334:
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will be paid on player bets and 19-to-20 on banker bets (even money with "5% commission to the house on the win").
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1991:
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31:
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the banker and the representative player have made their decision, the hands are turned face-up and compared.
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using his gains as a stake in the game. The
Borgata paid him after his win but then sued Ivey in 2014 after
241:. Its popularity in the United States waned after the early 20th century. The game still has a following in
376:
is a pure game of chance and therefore it is not possible for a gambler's bets to be rationally motivated.
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2304:
2200:
1062:
1058:
1048:
872:, a specific bet of a winning three-card 7 on the banker side, which pays 40-to-1 instead of pushing, and
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Should the bank empty, the banker may freely put more money at stake without losing their right to bank.
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2023:
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2171:
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casinos in the United
Kingdom pay the tie at 9-to-1, resulting in a house edge of approximately 4.85%.
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If the banker total is 2 or less, they draw a third card regardless of what the player's third card is.
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2284:
2268:
308:
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384:
If neither the player nor the banker is dealt a total of 8 or 9 in the first two cards (known as a "
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2125:
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If the banker total is 4, they draw a third card if the player's third card is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7.
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292:
269:
is a version which first appeared in the late 19th century. Its name, which is the French term for
218:
2351:
2314:
2018:
1623:
1598:
Le Chemin de Fer est un jeu d'invention récente, ainsi nommé à cause de la rapidité de sa marche.
1341:
1187:
1113:
1095:, in which much of the plot revolves around a game between Bond and SMERSH trade union operative
1008:
995:
385:
304:
242:
161:, by contrast, both players can make choices. The winning odds are in favour of the bank, with a
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If the player drew a third card, the banker acts according to the following more complex rules:
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can be employed to reduce the house edge by about 0.05%. If paired with a technique known as
421:
If the banker total is 5, they draw a third card if the player's third card is 4, 5, 6, or 7.
2324:
1483:
1459:
1423:
1402:
1270:
1034:. About 91% of total income from Macau casinos in 2014 came from the punto banco variation.
1030:, with taxes from baccarat play constituting the largest single source of public funding in
57:
1105:, where Bond bankrupts Le Chiffre in order to have him eliminated by his Soviet superiors;
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1923:
1610:
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1319:
316:
118:
1861:
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970:. If two players on opposite sides desire to "go bank", each player bets half the bank.
424:
If the banker total is 6, they draw a third card if the player's third card is a 6 or 7.
415:
If the banker total is 3, they draw a third card unless the player's third card is an 8.
2401:
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901:
896:
210:
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value; with all numbers greater than ten, subtract ten and return only the difference.
2494:
2406:
2319:
2294:
2056:
Ian
Fleming's James Bond: Annotations and Chronologies for Ian Fleming's Bond Stories
1561:
1369:
1242:
1179:
1107:
791:
735:
222:
193:
1457:
Burnett, P.P. (1985). "Russian
Playing Card History - From the Beginnings to 1917".
2391:
2252:
2223:
2121:"What is 'edge-sorting' and why did it cost a poker star $ 10 million in winnings?"
1054:
795:
771:
353:
183:
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2054:
1579:
2396:
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2258:
1400:
von Leyden, Rudolf (1978). "The Naksha Game of
Bishnupur and its implications".
1086:
767:
214:
2027:
388:"), the tableau is consulted, first for the player's rules, then the banker's.
2329:
2289:
2279:
1892:
1159:
1096:
1082:
1066:
1014:
Victoria is a variation of Macao where players are initially dealt two cards.
784:
692:
288:
198:
162:
39:
2161:
Pokerfuse.com
Borgata gets green light to seize Phil Ivey's assets in Nevada.
1916:
1421:
Depaulis, Thierry (1994). "La bassette, entre réglementation et répression".
253:
is the earliest form of baccarat; it is a three-person game and mentioned in
17:
2247:
1171:
1137:
1123:, which is the most detailed treatment of a baccarat game in any Bond film;
1004:
1000:
361:
123:
1808:(Fully rev., expanded, updated ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster.
876:, a bet of a winning three-card 8 on the player side, which pays 25-to-1.
885:
366:
2345:
1175:
1089:. Bond plays the game in numerous novels, most notably his 1953 debut,
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895:
The banker deals four cards face-down: two to themselves and two held
153:, each player's moves are forced by the cards the player is dealt. In
2361:
2309:
337:
312:
202:
127:
798:, baccarat players can obtain a significant edge versus the casino.
1691:
1517:
Betting on Macau: Casino Capitalism and China's Consumer Revolution
1268:
Depaulis, Thierry (2010). "Dawson's Game: Blackjack and Klondike".
2411:
2339:
2172:"Phil Ivey, Borgata Reach Settlement in $ 10 Million Legal Battle"
1183:
1155:
1031:
173:
172:
38:
1563:
A History of Playing Cards and a Bibliography of Cards and Gaming
1111:, where Bond is first introduced while playing the game in film;
2192:
2196:
706:
105:
90:
336:
is the most played version of baccarat. In punto banco, the
287:
In baccarat, the 2 through 9 cards (of any suit) are worth
96:
72:
1321:
Dictionnaire de la conversation et de la lecture page 336
78:
66:
30:
This article is about the card game. For other uses, see
1962:"Macau's casinos have a dangerous addiction to baccarat"
2095:
Basic Gambling Mathematics: The Numbers Behind The Neon
1519:. Globalization and Community series. Minneapolis, MN:
731:
1937:"The Failure of Loss Rebate Programs for High-Rollers"
356:
containing 6 or 8 decks of cards shuffled together; a
940:
the position of banker is more permanent compared to
93:
69:
1611:
High rollers : A history of gambling in America
237:) contains instructions for Macao under the name of
102:
87:
81:
75:
63:
2384:
2230:
1481:(1996). "Russian Card Games and Their Literature".
1446:(3rd ed.). London: Penguin Books. p. 597.
99:
60:
1560:
1368:
1193:U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey
775:refused or the croupier may be requested to deal.
1182:using edge sorting and another $ 500,000 playing
1061:'s subsequent lawsuit were known together as the
966:In each side, any player may "go bank", like in
1926:at Pravilakart.com. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
978:place previously occupied by their successor.
133:There are three popular variants of the game:
2208:
1773:"Rules of core casino games in Great Britain"
1718:"Rules of core casino games in Great Britain"
720:The examples and perspective in this section
303:have no point value and are thus worth zero;
8:
2255:(Banker and Broker, Dutch Bank, Honest John)
1988:"The Royal Baccarat scandal at Tranby Croft"
1375:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp.
261:emerged as a two-person, zero-sum game from
1694:. Wizard of Odds Consulting. 1 March 2011.
1622:Mathematically, the value of a hand is the
1609:Hart, G. D. (Director). (7 December 2017).
2215:
2201:
2193:
1584:(in French). Paris: Garnier. p. 225.
738:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
1638:The absolute beginner's guide to gambling
1228:
1226:
754:Learn how and when to remove this message
213:in 1788. It was the most popular game in
1085:, the fictional secret agent created by
805:
783:Punto banco has both some of the lowest
430:
1806:Scarne's New Complete Guide to Gambling
1640:. New York: Pocket Books. p. 103.
1203:
1065:, due to the involvement of the future
904:in blackjack, but further enforced via
699:these bets depending on casino rules).
221:in London, where it led to the ruin of
2133:from the original on 11 September 2018
1749:Shackleford, Michael (1 August 2020).
1349:
1339:
2073:from the original on 16 December 2019
1841:from the original on 24 December 2018
1567:. United Kingdom: Dover Publications.
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1249:from the original on 26 November 2017
1235:"Blackjack: Related face-count games"
1026:Baccarat is the most important table
928:includes an element of player skill.
427:If the banker total is 7, they stand.
177:1897 illustration of baccarat players
117:
7:
2445:
1872:from the original on 6 November 2021
1672:from the original on 1 December 2017
924:, which is purely a game of chance,
917:a set minimum bank or wager amount.
2475:
2470:WikiProject Board & Table Games
2465:
2178:from the original on 23 August 2021
1588:from the original on 15 August 2021
1300:from the original on 16 August 2021
186:during the reign of King of France
2263:
2119:Hawkins, Derek (26 October 2017).
1559:Hargrave, Catherine Perry (1966).
1328:from the original on 24 March 2017
25:
2034:from the original on 30 June 2018
1968:from the original on 13 July 2016
1290:"The Academy, Volume 41 page 207"
2474:
2464:
2454:
2444:
2435:
2434:
2425:
2424:
2375:
1698:from the original on 7 June 2011
888:and continues counterclockwise.
711:
56:
1613:. Retrieved 1 March 2019, from
1126:On Her Majesty's Secret Service
311:are not used. Hands are valued
1990:. 10 July 2011. Archived from
1636:Hutchinson, Robert J. (1996).
1444:The Penguin Book of Card Games
1371:The Oxford Guide to Card Games
864:In a similar variation called
1:
2092:Mark Bollman (13 June 2014).
1521:University of Minnesota Press
257:by Charles Van-Tenac. Later,
2059:. AuthorHouse. p. 320.
1829:The Analyst (1 March 2016).
802:House edge details (8 decks)
352:Punto banco is dealt from a
1862:"The Joys of Mini-Baccarat"
1778:. June 2011. Archived from
1751:"Card Counting in Baccarat"
1723:. June 2011. Archived from
1662:"Baccarat - Wizard of Odds"
1544:Van-Tenac, Charles (1847).
734:, discuss the issue on the
315:10; i.e., according to the
2527:
1581:Nouvelle Academie des Jeux
1220:, 1961, Vol. 2, pp. 32–33.
1151:, baccarat is replaced by
1046:
441:
29:
2420:
2373:
2098:. CRC Press. p. 94.
1831:"Baccarat or Baccawreck?"
1548:. Paros: Gustave Harvard.
1146:2006 movie adaptation of
435:
43:Baccarat pallet and cards
32:Baccarat (disambiguation)
1162:at the time of filming.
1081:is the favoured game of
833:If ties (9-to-1 payout)
825:If ties (8-to-1 payout)
380:Tableau of drawing rules
2014:"Wales and the scandal"
1922:26 October 2016 at the
1442:Parlett, David (2008).
1367:Parlett, David (1990).
1213:Chambers's Encyclopædia
165:of at least 1 percent.
1893:"What is EZ Baccarat?"
1578:Quinola, Jean (1893).
1117:; the 1967 version of
1063:royal baccarat scandal
1059:William Gordon Cumming
1049:Royal baccarat scandal
1043:Royal baccarat scandal
178:
155:baccarat chemin de fer
139:baccarat chemin de fer
44:
2511:French gambling games
2368:, Between the Sheets)
2053:Griswold, J. (2006).
1804:Scarne, John (1986).
1515:Simpson, Tim (2023).
1166:Phil Ivey controversy
1158:, largely due to the
1007:, later versions use
307:are worth one point;
291:(in points); the 10,
235:Spiel im Morgengrauen
176:
42:
2480:WikiProject Gambling
2157:16 July 2019 at the
1964:. 18 December 2014.
1009:modulo 10 arithmetic
732:improve this section
722:may not represent a
442:player's third card
277:Baccarat Punto Banco
2126:The Washington Post
1785:on 20 December 2016
1730:on 20 December 2016
1057:affair in 1891 and
432:
2430:Card game category
2385:Banking game links
2352:Trente et Quarante
2231:Banking card games
2019:The New York Times
1941:CDC Gaming Reports
1188:surveillance video
1132:For Your Eyes Only
1038:In popular culture
431:
283:Valuation of hands
243:Continental Europe
207:Victor-Amadeus III
179:
45:
27:Gambling card game
2488:
2487:
2440:Gambling category
2105:978-1-4822-0893-1
1530:978-1-5179-0031-1
1386:978-0-19-214165-1
840:
839:
779:Odds and strategy
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263:Baccarat Banque
251:Baccarat Banque
225:. The match in
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159:baccarat banque
147:à deux tableaux
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817:If Punto wins
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18:Chemin-de-fer
2392:Banking game
2253:Blind Hookey
2237:
2180:. Retrieved
2166:
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2135:. Retrieved
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2094:
2087:
2075:. Retrieved
2055:
2048:
2036:. Retrieved
2017:
2008:
1998:20 September
1996:. Retrieved
1992:the original
1982:
1970:. Retrieved
1956:
1944:. Retrieved
1940:
1931:
1912:
1900:. Retrieved
1896:
1886:
1874:. Retrieved
1865:
1855:
1843:. Retrieved
1835:Gaming Today
1834:
1824:
1805:
1799:
1787:. Retrieved
1780:the original
1767:
1755:. Retrieved
1744:
1732:. Retrieved
1725:the original
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1700:. Retrieved
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1294:Google Books
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1251:. Retrieved
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2397:Casino game
2366:Acey Deucey
2335:Speculation
2300:Polish Bank
1917:Macau rules
1897:EZ Baccarat
1676:20 November
1114:Thunderball
1087:Ian Fleming
922:punto banco
866:EZ-baccarat
785:house edges
744:August 2018
374:Punto banco
334:Punto banco
329:Punto banco
317:units digit
231:Night Games
151:punto banco
135:punto banco
2495:Categories
2460:Wiktionary
2357:Twenty-One
2330:Spanish 21
2290:Monte Bank
2280:Lansquenet
2137:15 October
2077:7 December
1692:"Baccarat"
1624:modulo ten
1592:15 October
1491:(1): 3, 8.
1253:9 December
1216:. London:
1199:References
1178:casino in
1160:poker boom
1097:Le Chiffre
1083:James Bond
1073:James Bond
859:Punto 2000
843:Variations
693:even money
289:face value
203:Gabo japgi
199:Oicho-Kabu
163:house edge
126:played at
2248:Blackjack
2182:23 August
1467:(4): 104.
1352:ignored (
1342:cite book
1278:(4): 238.
1172:Phil Ivey
1138:GoldenEye
1077:Baccarat
1005:blackjack
1001:face card
897:in common
736:talk page
124:card game
2501:Baccarat
2271:(Farmer)
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