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wives are more concerned with compatibility with their partners. Studies suggest that individuals who can separate concepts of sex and love are more likely to accept situations where infidelity occurs. One study done by Roscoe, Cavanaugh, and
Kennedy found that women indicated relationship dissatisfaction as the number one reason for infidelity, whereas men reported a lack of communication, understanding, and sexual incompatibility. Glass and Wright also found that men and women who are involved in both sexual and emotional infidelities reported being the most dissatisfied in their relationships than those who engaged in either sexual or emotional infidelity alone. In general, marital dissatisfaction overall is the number one reason often reported for infidelity for both sexes. It is important to note that there are many other factors that increase the likelihood of anyone engaging in infidelity. Individuals exhibiting sexually permissive attitudes and those who have had a high number of past sexual relationships are also more likely to engage in infidelity. Other factors such as being well educated, living in an urban centre, being less religious, having a liberal ideology and values, having more opportunities to meet potential partners, and being older affected the likelihood of one being involved in an extramarital affair.
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acts of sexual infidelity in the previous year compared to 1% of married women, 8% of cohabiting women, and 17% of women in dating relationships. These differences have been generally thought due to evolutionary pressures that motivate men towards sexual opportunity and women towards commitment to one partner (for reasons such as reproductive success, stability, and social expectations). In addition, recent research finds that differences in gender may possibly be explained by other mechanisms including power and sensations seeking. For example, one study found that some women in more financially independent and higher positions of power, were also more likely to be more unfaithful to their partners. In another study, when the tendency to sensation seek (i.e., engage in risky behaviours) was controlled for, there were no gender differences in the likelihood to being unfaithful. These findings suggest there may be various factors that might influence the likelihood of some individuals to engage in extradyadic relationships, and that such factors may account for observed gender differences beyond actual gender and evolutionary pressures associated with each.
839:, found slightly, or significantly higher, rates of infidelity for populations under 35, or older than 60. In that study, which involved 19,065 people during a 15-year period, rates of infidelity among men were found to have risen from 20% to 28%, and rates for women ranged from 5% to 15%. In more recent nationwide surveys, several researchers found that about twice as many men as women reported having an extramarital affair. A survey conducted in 1990 found that 2.2% of married participants reported having more than one partner during the past year. In general, national surveys conducted in the early 1990s reported that between 15 and 25% of married Americans reported having extramarital affairs. People who had stronger sexual interests, more permissive sexual values, lower subjective satisfaction with their partner, weaker network ties to their partner, and greater sexual opportunities were more likely to be unfaithful. Studies suggest around 30–40% of unmarried relationships and 18–20% of marriages see at least one incident of sexual infidelity.
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autonomy, and are more sexually promiscuous than individuals who have other attachment styles". Levy and Kelly (2010) tested this theory and found that adult attachment styles strongly correlate to which type of infidelity elicited more jealousy. Individuals who have secure attachment styles often report that emotional infidelity is more upsetting whereas dismissing attachment styles were more likely to find sexual infidelity more upsetting. Their study did report that men in general were more likely than women to report sexual infidelity as more distressing, however this could be related to more men having a dismissing attachment style.The authors propose that a social mechanism may be responsible for the observed results. In other words, replicable sex differences in emotion and sexual jealousy could be a function of a social function. Similar studies focusing on the masculinization and feminization by society also argue for a social explanation, while discounting an evolutionary explanation.
1251:. This will activate the "fight or flight" response to ensure action against the attempt at sexual infidelity in their partner. Buss and his colleagues were the first to pioneer a theory that jealousy is an evolved human emotion that has become an innate module, hard-wired to prevent infidelity from occurring. This idea is commonly referred to as Jealousy as a Specific Innate Module and has become widely debated. The basis behind this argument is that jealousy was beneficial in our ancestor's time when cuckoldry was more common. They suggested that those who were equipped with this emotional response could more effectively stop infidelity and those without the emotional response had a harder time doing so. Because infidelity imposed such a fitness cost, those who had the jealous emotional response, improved their fitness, and could pass down the jealousy module to the next generation.
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and energy into raising their offspring (9 months of carrying offspring, breast feeding etc.), should be more choosy when it comes to mate selection and should therefore desire long-term, monogamous relationships that would ensure the viability of their offspring. Men on the other hand, have less parental investment and so they are driven towards indiscriminate sexual activity with multiple partners as such activity increases the likelihood of their reproduction. This theory says that it is these evolutionary pressures that act on men and women differentially and what ultimately drives more men to seek sexual activity outside of their own relationships. It can however, still account for the occurrence of extradyadic sexual relationships among women. For example, a woman whose husband has
1020:, intimates evaluate the availability of close others and respond to them accordingly. While those with a secure attachment style believe others are available to them, those with insecure attachment believe others are less available to them. People who develop high levels of attachment have more anxiety and uncertainty. They cope by seeking reassurance and clinging themselves to another person. In attachment theory, people seek sex to help meet their needs. Those whose partners are unfaithful may experience anxiety, stress and depression. They are more likely to engage in activities that are risky to their health. Women who experienced negative appraisals, like self-blame and causal attribution, led to emotional distress and increased health-compromising behavior.
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infidelity because it is distinct from emotional infidelity. In Danish society, having sex does not necessarily imply a deep emotional attachment. As a result, infidelity does not carry such a severe negative connotation. A comparison between modern-day
Chinese and American societies showed that there was greater distress with sexual infidelity in the U.S. than in China. The cultural difference is most likely due to the more restrictive nature of Chinese society, thus, making infidelity a more salient concern. Sexual promiscuity is more prominent in the United States, thus it follows that American society is more preoccupied with infidelity than Chinese society. Often, a single predominant religion can influence the culture of an entire nation. Even within
1266:. This damage will impair the future benefits that individual can confer from the group and its individuals. A damaged reputation is especially debilitating when related to sexual and emotional infidelity, because it can limit future reproductive mate choices within the group and will cause a net fitness cost that outweighs the fitness benefit gained from the infidelity. Such limitations and costs deter an individual from cheating in the first place. Support for this defense mechanism comes from fieldwork by Hirsch and his colleagues (2007) that found that gossip about extramarital affairs in a small community in Mexico was particularly prevalent and devastating for reputation in this region. Specifically, adultery was found to cause an individual to be
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attitudes held about infidelity do. In fact, Schneider, et al. (1999) reported that even though 60% of their participants initially threatened to leave their primary relationship, a threat to leave due to infidelity did not actually predict the eventual outcome. Atkins, Eldridge, Baucom, and
Christiansen found that couples who went through therapy as well as openly dealt with the infidelity were able to change at a faster rate than distressed couples who were just in therapy. Some unintended positive outcomes that have been reported for couples experiencing infidelity include closer marital relationships, increased assertiveness, taking better care of oneself, placing higher value on family, and realizing the importance of marital communication.
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hearing of a partner's infidelity, reactions have included rage and increased aggressiveness, loss of trust, decreased personal and sexual confidence, sadness, depression, damaged self-esteem, fear of abandonment, and a surge of justification to leave their partner. Another study reported that nearly 60% of the partners that were cheated on had emotional problems and depression following disclosure of the affair. Other negative consequences have included damage to relationships with children, parents, and friends, as well as legal consequences. A report in 1983 detailed that of a sample of 205 divorced individuals, about one half said their marital problems were caused by their spouse's infidelity.
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detection would have happened only after infidelity had occurred, making jealousy an emotional by-product with no selective function. In line with this reasoning, these researchers hypothesize that as a person monitors their partner's actions with a potential rival through primary and secondary appraisals; if their expectations are violated at either level of observation, they will become distressed and enact an appropriate action to stop the chance of infidelity. Social monitoring therefore enables them to act accordingly before infidelity occurs, thereby having the capability to raise their fitness. Research testing this theory has found more favor for the sexual jealousy hypothesis.
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marriage-aged men and an area has a low sex ratio when there are more marriage-aged men. In terms of infidelity, the theory states that when sex ratios are high, men are more likely to be promiscuous and engage in sex outside of a committed relationship because the demand for men is higher and this type of behavior, desired by men, is more accepted. On the other hand, when sex ratios are low, promiscuity is less common because women are in demand and since they desire monogamy and commitment, in order for men to remain competitive in the pool of mates, they must respond to these desires. Support for this theory comes from evidence showing higher
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serves as each other's primary and exclusive source of satisfaction and attention in all cultures. Therefore, when an individual feels jealousy towards another, it is usually because they are now sharing their primary source of attention and satisfaction. However, variation can be seen when identifying the behaviors and actions that betray the role of primary attention (satisfaction) giver. For instance, in certain cultures if an individual goes out with another of the opposite gender, emotions of intense jealousy can result; however, in other cultures, this behavior is perfectly acceptable and is not given much thought.
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publicly recognized for infidelity. However, within a larger community of the same
Mexican society, entering a bar or watering hole would garner a different view. It would be deemed perfectly acceptable for both married and unmarried individuals to drink at a bar in a large city. These observations can be paralleled to rural and urban societies in the United States as well. Ultimately, these variables and societal differences dictate attitudes towards sexual infidelity which can vary across cultures as well as within cultures.
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being the highest, and that when forced to choose, gay men overwhelmingly predicted emotional infidelity would be more troubling than sexual infidelity. These findings contradict Symons (1979) suggestion that there would be no gender difference in predicted responses to infidelity by sexual orientation. Blow and
Bartlett (2005) suggest that even though sex outside of a homosexual relationship might be seen as more acceptable in some relationships, the consequences of infidelity do not occur without pain or jealousy.
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1629:, both men and women may have multiple partners within the confines of polyamory. Polyamorous relationships are distinguished from extramarital affairs by the full disclosure and consent of all involved. Polyamorous relationships may specify unique boundaries outside monogamous expectations of fidelity, that if violated are still considered cheating. Because both men and women can have multiple partners, these individuals do not consider themselves to be either uncommitted or unfaithful.
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emotional infidelity as more upsetting. More men than women indicated that a partner's sexual involvement would upset them more than a partner's emotional bonding with someone else. Similarly, in the dilemma involving infidelity over the
Internet, more men indicated their partner's sexual involvement would upset them more than a partner's emotional bonding with someone else. Women, on the other hand, expressed more problems with emotional infidelity over the Internet than did men.
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forced-choice studies. DeSteno and
Bartlett (2002) further support this argument by providing evidence which indicates that significant results of forced-choice studies may actually be an artifact of measurement; this finding would invalidate many of the claims made by those "in favor" of an "innate" sex difference. Even those "in favor" of sex-differences admit that certain lines of research, such as homicide studies, suggest against the possibility of sex-differences.
1599:, with an above average education and income, and majority of these swingers are white (90%). A study done by Jenks in 1986 found that swingers are not significantly different from non-swingers on measures such as philosophy, authoritarianism, self-respect, happiness, freedom, equality etc. Swingers tend to emphasize personal values over more social ones. According to Henshel (1973), the initiation into the world of swinging usually is done by the husband.
1606:. In order for swinging to work, both partners need to have a liberal sexual predisposition, and a low degree of jealousy. Gilmartin (1975) found that 85% of his sample of swingers felt that these sexual encounters posed no real threat to their marriage and felt it had improved. Jenks (1998) found no reason to believe that swinging was detrimental to marriage, with over 91% of males and 82% of females indicating they were happy with swinging.
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likely to be disturbed by an act of sexual infidelity (having one's partner engage in sexual relations with another), whereas women are 83% more likely to be disturbed by an act of emotional infidelity (having one's partner fall in love with another). Those against this model argue that there is no difference between men and women in their response to an act of infidelity. From an evolutionary perspective, men are theorized to maximize their
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questionnaires are used to identify an innate sex difference, inconsistencies between studies begin to arise. For example, researchers found that women sometimes report feeling more intense jealousy in response to both sexual and emotional infidelity. The results of these studies also depended on the context in which the participants were made to describe what type of jealousy they felt, as well as the intensity of their jealousy.
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your partner cheating on you would you be more upset by (A) the sexual involvement or (B) the emotional involvement". Many studies using forced choice questionnaires have found statistically significant results supporting an innate sex difference between men and women. Furthermore, studies have shown that this observation holds across many cultures, although the magnitudes of the sex difference vary within sexes across cultures.
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offspring because they invest at least nine months of resources towards their offspring in pregnancy. Maximizing female fitness is theorized to require males in the relationship to invest all their resources in the offspring. These conflicting strategies are theorized to have resulted in selection of different jealousy mechanisms that are designed to enhance the fitness of the respective gender.
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90:
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found that sexual exclusivity was much more important to heterosexual men and women compared to homosexual men and women. This theory suggests that it is not sexuality that may lead to differences but that people are prone to jealousy in domains that are especially important to them. Barah and Lipton argue that heterosexual couples may cheat just as much as homosexual relationships.
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Another study found that the likelihood of women being involved in infidelity reached a peak in the seventh year of their marriage and then declined afterward. For married men, the longer they were in relationships, the less likely they were to engage in infidelity, until the eighteenth year of marriage, at which point the chance of men engaging in infidelity began to increase.
862:, a situation that arises when someone who is presumed to be a child's father is in fact not the biological parent. Frequencies as high as 30% are sometimes assumed in the media, but research by sociologist Michael Gilding traced these overestimates back to an informal remark at a 1972 conference. The detection of paternal discrepancy can occur in the context of medical
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for infidelity or other reasons. Ultimately, it was seen that adults that associated with a religion (any denomination) were found to view infidelity as much more distressing than those who were not affiliated with a religion. Those that participated more heavily in their religions were even more conservative in their views on infidelity.
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two brain systems: one of them is linked to attachment and romantic love, and then there is the other brain system, which is purely sex drive." Sometimes these two brain systems are not well-connected, which enables people to become adulterers and satisfy their libido without any regards to their attachment side.
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their samples who engaged in infidelity were involved with coworkers. A study done by McKinnish (2007) found that those who work with a larger fraction of workers of the opposite sex are more likely to be divorced due to infidelity. Kuroki found that married women were less likely to have a workplace
1216:
One defense mechanism that some researchers believe is effective at preventing infidelity is jealousy. Jealousy is an emotion that can elicit strong responses. Cases have been commonly documented where sexual jealousy was a direct cause of murders and morbid jealousy. Buss (2005) states that jealousy
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that contribute to why they become sexually jealous, this is especially true for certain types of infidelity. It has been hypothesized that heterosexual men have developed an innate psychological mechanism that responds to the threat of sexual infidelity more than emotional infidelity, and vice versa
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of adults are consistent with their self-reported relationship histories. For example, more men are reported to have an insecure, dismissing avoidant attachment style; where these "individuals often attempt to minimize or constrict emotional experience, deny needs for intimacy, are highly invested in
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Although forced-choice questionnaires show a statistically significant sex-difference, critics of the theory of evolved sex differences in jealousy question these findings. In consideration of the entire body of work on sex differences, C. F. Harris asserted that when methods other than forced-choice
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Rates of infidelity among women are thought to increase with age. In one study, rates were higher in more recent marriages, compared with previous generations. Men were found to be only "somewhat" more likely than women to engage in infidelity, with rates for both sexes becoming increasingly similar.
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A study by
Beatriz Lia Avila Mileham in 2004 examined the phenomenon of online infidelity in chat rooms. The following factors were investigated: what elements and dynamics online infidelity involves and how it happens; what leads individuals specifically to the computer to search for a relationship
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The parental investment theory is used to explain evolutionary pressures that can account for sex differences in infidelity. This theory states that the sex that invests less in the offspring has more to gain from indiscriminate sexual behaviour. This means that women, who typically invest more time
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is greater for increasing the survival of offspring. Correspondingly, monogamy and commitment are more commonplace. On the other hand, when people live within environments that encompass little stress and threats to the viability of offspring, the need for serious and committed relations is lowered,
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Helen Fisher, there are numerous psychological reasons for adultery. Some people may want to supplement a marriage, solve a sex problem, gather more attention, seek revenge, or have more excitement in the marriage. But based on Fisher's research, there also is a biological side to adultery. "We have
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Studies have found that men are more likely to engage in extramarital sex if they are unsatisfied sexually, while women are more likely to engage in extramarital sex if they are unsatisfied emotionally. Kimmel and Van Der Veen found that sexual satisfaction may be more important to husbands and that
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Gender self-esteem greatly affects infidelity. Different factors for the two genders are known to influence jealousy. Heterosexual men seem to be more distressed by sexual infidelity than heterosexual women, lesbian women, and gay men. The latter three groups seem more responsible for the difference
987:
Heterosexuals rated emotional and sexual infidelity as more emotionally distressing than did lesbian and gay individuals. Sex and sexual orientation differences emerged regarding the degree to which specific emotions were reported in response to sexual and emotional infidelity. Few researchers have
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As the number of women in the workforce increases to match that of men, researchers expect the likelihood of infidelity will also increase with workplace interactions. Wiggins and
Lederer (1984) found that opportunities to engage in infidelity were related to the workplace where nearly one half of
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in a small, rural
Mexican community is often viewed as a place where "decent" or "married" women do not go because of its semi-private nature. Conversely, public spaces like the market or plaza are acceptable areas for heterosexual interaction. A smaller population size presents the threat of being
850:
and rates of infidelity conducted in southern Spain indicated that men were more likely to engage in infidelity while their partner was pregnant. It was estimated that 1 in 10 fathers-to-be engaged in infidelity at some point during their partner's pregnancy and suggested that the likelihood of the
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Another defense mechanism for preventing infidelity is by social monitoring and acting on any violation of expectations. Researchers in favor of this defense mechanism speculate that in our ancestor's times, the act of sex or emotional infidelity is what triggered jealousy and therefore the signal
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difficulties can benefit from engaging in sexual activity outside of her relationship. She can gain access to high-quality genes and still derive the benefit of parental investment from her husband or partner who is unknowingly investing in their illegitimate child. Evidence for the development of
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do not view infidelity with equal severity. The conception of marriage is also markedly different; while in Roman Catholicism marriage is seen as an indissoluble sacramental bond and does not permit divorce even in cases of infidelity, most Protestant denominations allow for divorce and remarriage
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These inconsistent results have led researchers to propose novel theories that attempt to explain the sex differences observed in certain studies. One theory that has been hypothesized to explain why men and women both report more distress to emotional infidelity than sexual infidelity is borrowed
894:
Differences in sexual infidelity as a function of gender have been commonly reported. It is more common for men compared to women to engage in extradyadic relationships. The National Health and Social Life Survey found that 4% of married men, 16% of cohabiting men, and 37% of dating men engaged in
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The proliferation of sex chat rooms and dating apps has increased the opportunity for people in committed relationships to engage in acts of infidelity on and off the Internet. A cyber affair is defined as "a romantic or sexual relationship initiated by online contact and maintained primarily via
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Often, gender differences in both jealousy and infidelity are attributable to cultural factors. This variation stems from the fact that societies differ in how they view extramarital affairs and jealousy. An examination of jealousy across seven nations revealed that each partner in a relationship
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Some studies suggest that only a small percentage of couples that experience infidelity actually improve their relationship, whereas others report couples having surprisingly positive relationship outcomes. In terms of negative responses to infidelity, Charney and Parnass (1995) report that after
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could be more upset by sexual infidelity than by emotional infidelity, and that lesbians could be more upset by emotional infidelity than sexual. Recent studies suggest that it may not be an innate mechanism, rather depends on the importance placed on sexual exclusivity. Peplau and Cochran (1983)
916:
A common way to test whether an innate jealousy response exists between sexes is to use a forced-choice questionnaire. This style of questionnaire asks participants "yes or no" and "response A or response B" style questions about certain scenarios. For example, a question might ask, "If you found
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stress are more likely to have polygynous marriage systems; whereas monogamous mating systems usually have relatively lower high-pathogen environments. In addition researchers have also proposed the idea that high mortality rates in local cultures should be correlated with more permissive mating
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It is important to understand where these cultural variations come from and how they root themselves into differing perceptions of infidelity. While many cultures report infidelity as wrong and admonish it, some are more tolerant of such behaviour. These views are generally linked to the overall
991:
Summarizing the findings from these studies, heterosexual men seem to be more distressed by sexual infidelity than heterosexual women, lesbian women, and gay men. These latter three groups seem more responsible for this difference by reporting similarly higher levels of distress toward emotional
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Harris (2002) tested these hypotheses among 210 individuals: 48 homosexual women, 50 homosexual men, 40 heterosexual women, and 49 heterosexual men. Results found that more heterosexual than homosexual individuals picked sexual infidelity as worse than emotional infidelity, with heterosexual men
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Online infidelity can be just as damaging to a relationship as offline physical unfaithfulness. A possible explanation is that our brain registers virtual and physical acts the same way and responds similarly. Several studies have concluded that online infidelity, whether sexual or emotional in
1347:
In a study of 335 Dutch undergraduate students involved in serious intimate relationships, participants were presented with four dilemmas concerning a partner's emotional and sexual infidelity over the Internet. They found a significant sex difference as to whether participants chose sexual and
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reveals that sex-differences are almost exclusively found in forced-choice studies. According to Harris, a meta-analysis of multiple types of studies should indicate a convergence of evidence and multiple operationalizations. This is not the case, which raises the question as to the validity of
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whether an innate, evolved sex difference exists between men and women in response to an act of infidelity; this is often called a "sex difference". A study published in 2002 suggested there may be sex differences in jealousy. Those that posit a sex difference exists state that men are 60% more
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theory is a theory that explains the relationship and sexual dynamics within different areas of the world based on the ratio of the number of marriage-aged men to marriage-aged women. According to this theory, an area has a high sex ratio when there is a higher number of marriage-aged women to
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is more detrimental to the male, who could potentially invest in offspring of another male, while for females emotional infidelity is more worrisome because they could lose the parental investment to another woman's offspring, therefore affecting their chances of survival. However, more recent
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by investing as little as possible in their offspring and producing as many offspring as possible, due to the risk of males investing in children that are not theirs. Women, who do not face the risk of cuckoldry, are theorized to maximize their fitness by investing as much as possible in their
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by their family, decrease the marriage value of his/her family, cause an individual to lose money or a job, and diminish future reproductive potential. In this community, men having extramarital affairs did so in private areas with lower prevalence of women connected to the community, such as
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has a positive correlation to infidelity, even when education attainment is controlled for. Other research suggests that lifetime incidence of infidelity does not differ between African Americans and whites, only the likelihood of when they engage in it. Race and gender have been found to be
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is viewed as more liberal than many other cultures, and as such, have correlating liberal views on infidelity and extramarital affairs. According to Christine Harris and Nicholas Christenfeld, societies that are legally more liberal against extramarital affairs judge less harshly upon sexual
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and self-esteem; they may also engage in future relationships fearful of the same incidence occurring. Sweeney and Horwitz (2001) found that individuals who initiated a divorce after hearing about their partner's infidelity experienced less depression; however, the opposite was true when the
1004:
The negative impact of infidelity on a relationship depends on how involved partners are in their infidelity relationship, and researchers maintain that infidelity itself does not cause divorce but the overall level of relationship satisfaction, motives for infidelity, level of conflict, and
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Symons (1979) determined that sexual jealousy is the major reason that many homosexual men are unsuccessful in maintaining monogamous relationships and suggests that all men are innately disposed to want sexual variation, with the difference between heterosexual and homosexual men being that
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article notes, "Nearly 60 percent of American women work outside the home, up from about 40 percent in 1964. Quite simply, women intersect with more people during the day than they used to. They go to more meetings, take more business trips and, presumably, participate more in flirtatious
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Adulterous office romances are widely considered to be unhelpful to business and work relationships, and superior-subordinate relationships are banned in 90% of companies with written policies regarding office romance. Companies cannot ban adultery, as, in all but a handful of states, such
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While infidelity is by no means exclusive to certain groups of people, its perception can be influenced by other factors. Furthermore, within a "homogeneous culture", like that in the United States, factors like community size can be strong predictors of how infidelity is perceived. Larger
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Anonymous sexual interactionism: the individuals' predilection for anonymous interactions of a sexual nature in chat rooms. The allure of anonymity gains extra importance for married individuals, who can enjoy relative safety to express fantasies and desires without being known or
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Goldenberg, Jamie L.; Landau, Mark J.; Pyszczynski, Tom; Cox, Cathy R.; Greenberg, Jeff; Solomon, Sheldon; Dunnam, Heather (December 2003). "Gender-Typical Responses to Sexual and Emotional Infidelity as a Function of Mortality Salience Induced Self-Esteem Striving".
1365:; whether individuals consider online contacts as infidelity and why or why not; and what dynamics chat room users experience in their marriages. The results led to three constructs that symbolize chat room dynamics and serve as a foundation for Internet infidelity:
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in recent years. The Council of Europe Recommendation Rec(2002)5 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on the protection of women against violence states that member states should: "(...) 57. preclude adultery as an excuse for violence within the family."
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In an attempt to differentiate offline and online infidelity, Cooper, Morahan-Martin, Mathy, and Maheu constructed a "Triple-A Engine", which identifies the three aspects of Internet infidelity that distinguish it, to some degree, from traditional infidelity:
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has ruled swinging is legal as long as it takes place in a private place and is consensual. Swinging can be closed or open, where couples meet and each pair goes off to a separate room or they have sex in the same room. The majority of swingers fall into the
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where married couples exchange partners with each other. Swinging was originally called "wife-swapping", but due to the sexist connotations and the fact that many wives were willing to swap partners, "mate swapping" and or "swinging" was substituted. The
834:
relationships since 1972 by the GSS have shown that approximately 12% of men and 7% of women admit to having had an extramarital relationship. Results, however, vary year by year, and also by age-group surveyed. For example, one study conducted by the
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1262:. The basis for this suggestion stems from the fact that humans have an unmatched ability to monitor social relationships and inflict punishment on cheaters, regardless of the context. This punishment comes in many forms, one of which is
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Sagarin, B. J.; Vaughn Becker, D.; Guadagno, R. E.; Nicastle, L. D.; Millevoi, A. (2003). "Sex differences (and similarities) in jealousy: The moderating influence of infidelity experience and sexual orientation of the infidelity".
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have decriminalized adultery; however, in many countries in Africa and Asia (particularly the Middle East) this type of infidelity is criminalized. Even where infidelity is not a criminal offense, it may have legal implications in
1613:, a "non-possessive, honest, responsible and ethical philosophy and practice of loving multiple people simultaneously". There are various types of relationships in polyamory such as intentional family, group relationship, and
1448:(brought by a deserted spouse against a third party alleged to be responsible for the failure of the marriage). In a highly publicized case in 2010, a woman in North Carolina won a $ 9 million suit against her husband's
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such a short-term mating strategy in women comes from findings that women who engage in affairs typically do so with men who are of higher status, dominance, physical attractiveness (which is indicative of genetic quality).
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homosexual men can find willing partners more often for casual sex, and thus satisfy this innate desire for sexual variety. However, according to this view, all men can be "hard wired" to be sexually jealous, and therefore
924:
In her meta-analysis, Harris raises the question of whether forced choice questionnaires actually measure what they purport: jealousy itself and evidence that differences in jealousy arise from innate mechanisms. Her
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Cramer, R. E.; Lipinski, R. E.; Meeter, J. D.; Houska, J. A. (2008). "Sex Differences in Subjective Distress to Unfaithfulness: Testing Competing Evolutionary and Violation of Infidelity Expectations Hypotheses".
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Geary, David C.; Rumsey, Michael; Bow-Thomas, Christine; Hoard, Mary K. (1995). "Sexual Jealousy as a Facultative Trait: Evidence from the Pattern of Sex Differences in Adults from China and the United States".
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Schneider, J. P.; Irons, R. R.; & Corley, M. D. (1999). "Disclosure of extramarital sexual activities by sexually exploitative professionals and other persons with addictive or compulsive sexual disorders".
1539:, whereas self-employed individuals are more likely. In 2000, Treas and Giesen found similar results where sexual opportunities in the workplace increased the likelihood of infidelity during the last 12 months.
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Academics and therapists say cheating is probably more prevalent on the road than close to home. The protection of the road offers a secret life of romance, far from spouses or partners. Affairs range from
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1049:. Anthropologist Bobbi Low says we are "slightly polygamous", while Deborah Blum believes we are "ambiguously monogamous", and slowly moving away from the polygamous habits of our evolutionary ancestors.
1570:, some of the reasons women cheat at the workplace are because "women are disproportionately exposed to men in the workplace, and, as a direct consequence, many have more options and chances to cheat."
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2447:
Lalasz, C. B.; Weigel, D. J. (2011). "Understanding the relationship between gender and extradyadic relations: The mediating role of sensation seeking on intentions to engage in sexual infidelity".
785:. People of both sexes can experience social consequences if their act of infidelity becomes public, but the form and extent of these consequences can depend on the gender of the unfaithful person.
2693:
Buunk, B. P.; Angleitner, A.; Oubaid, V.; Buss, D. M. (1996). "Sex differences in jealousy in evolutionary and cultural perspective: Tests from the Netherlands, Germany, and the United States".
1554:
Another reason for the development of office romances is the amount of time co-workers spend together. Spouses today often spend more time with co-workers in the office than with each other. A
1120:
is a theory that focuses on how environmental factors influence mating strategies. According to this theory, when people live within environments that are demanding and stressful, the need for
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1170:
to leave their partner for the single person. According to a survey of 16,964 individuals in 53 countries by David Schmitt (2001), mate poaching happens significantly more frequently in
2977:
Harris, Christine R. (2004). "The Evolution of Jealousy: Did men and women, facing different selective pressures, evolve different "brands" of jealousy? Recent evidence suggests not".
1543:
regulations would run afoul of laws prohibiting discrimination on the basis of marital status. Firings nonetheless often occur on the basis of charges of inappropriate office conduct.
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1340:
Affordability: the monetary cost of being able to access the Internet continues to drop, and for a small price, a user can visit many sites, and meet multiple potential sexual needs
1329:
A 2005 survey of 1828 participants reported one third of them reported engaging in cybersex and of that one third, 46% said they were in a committed relationship with someone else.
1373:
Behavioral rationalization: the reasoning that chat room users present for conceiving their online behaviors as innocent and harmless, despite the secrecy and highly sexual nature.
5851:
Young, Kimberly S.; Cooper, Alvin; Griffiths-Shelley, Eric; O'Mara, James; Buchanan, Jennifer (2000). "Cybersex and Infidelity Online: Implications for Evaluation and Treatment".
1154:
communities tend to care less about infidelity whereas small towns are much more concerned with such issues. These patterns are observed in other cultures as well. For example, a
2102:
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infidelity than heterosexual men. However, within-sex analyses reveal that heterosexual men tend to rate emotional infidelity as more distressing than sexual infidelity.
5020:
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strategies. On the other hand, Schmitt discusses how demanding reproductive environments should increase the desire and pursuit of biparental, monogamous relationships.
3287:
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and other similar defenses: "Laws should clearly state that these defenses do not include or apply to crimes of 'honour', adultery, or domestic assault or murder."
3173:
Leeker, O.; Carlozzi, A. (2012). "Effects of sex, sexual orientation, infidelity expectations, and love on distress related to emotional and sexual infidelity".
704:
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has been a matter of regulation more than sex before marriage. The Kinsey Reports found that around half of men and a quarter of women studied had committed
5444:
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2529:
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A more recently suggested defense mechanism of infidelity attracting more attention is that a particular social group will punish cheaters by damaging their
2666:
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Miller, S. L.; Maner, J. K. (2009). "Sex differences in response to sexual versus emotional infidelity: The moderating role of individual differences".
866:, in genetic family name research, and in immigration testing. Such studies show that paternal discrepancy is, in fact, less than 10% among the sampled
5317:"'There Aren't words for what we do or how we feel so we have to make them up': Constructing polyamorous languages in a culture of compulsory monogamy"
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4807:
4474:
Groothof, Hinke A. K.; Dijkstra, Pieternel; Barelds, Dick P. H. (December 2009). "Sex differences in jealousy: The case of Internet infidelity".
1501:, or otherwise providing for partial or complete defenses in case of violence, especially in cultures where there is a traditional toleration of
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Burdette, Amy M.; Ellison, Christopher G.; Sherkat, Darren E.; Gore, Kurt A. (2007). "Are Their Religious Variations in Material Infidelity".
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Reasons for getting involved in swinging are the variety of sexual partners and experiences, pleasure or excitement, meeting new people, and
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Harris, C. R. (2000). "Psychophysiological responses to imagined infidelity: The specific innate modular view of jealousy reconsidered".
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1412:, etc. In civil claims, not only the spouse, but also the "other man/other woman" may be held accountable: for example, seven US states (
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positively correlated with infidelity, however this is the case more often for African American men engaging in extramarital infidelity.
1456:
relating to infidelity vary, and those states that criminalize adultery rarely prosecute the offense. Penalties for adultery range from
5952:
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to relationships that last for years. They are usually with a co-worker, a business associate or someone they repeatedly encounter.
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In many jurisdictions, adultery may have indirect legal implications, particularly in cases of infliction of violence, such as
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31:
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Effortless avoidance: chat room users' lack of psychological discomfort in exchanging sexual messages with strangers.
5602:
1326:. The majority of Americans believe that if a partner engaged in cybersex this constitutes as an act of infidelity.
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6198:
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Fisher, M.; Geher, G.; Cox, A.; Tran, U.S.; Hoben, A.; Arrabaca, A.; Chaize, C.; Deitrich, R.; Voracek, M. (2009).
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decisions in 1965 giving privacy of sexual intimacy to consenting adults, as well as broader implications of
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Anonymity: the Internet allows users to masquerade as someone else, or hide their identity altogether.
1337:
Accessibility: the more access one has to the Internet, the more likely they will engage in infidelity
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5581:
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by reporting similarly higher levels of distress toward emotional infidelity than heterosexual men.
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man engaging in infidelity increases as the woman's pregnancy progresses through its
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What constitutes infidelity depends on expectations within the relationship. In
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5293:
4772:"Online Infidelity in Internet Chat Rooms: An Ethnographic Exploration"
3808:"Sexual Strategies Theory: An Evolutionary Perspective on Human Mating"
2122:
2104:"Changes in Sexual Desire in Women and Their Partners during Pregnancy"
1839:
1643:
1409:
1397:
1179:
1155:
976:
759:
512:
494:
475:
457:
193:
163:
131:
4888:
4582:
3195:
2990:
6151:
5428:
4702:
3347:
1536:
1494:
1413:
1263:
1175:
810:
420:
188:
168:
151:
146:
141:
136:
5827:
1292:
online communication". Sexual acts online include behaviors such as
5285:
4340:
3153:
The Myth of Monogamy: Fidelity and Infidelity in Animals and People
2314:
2250:"Measuring paternal discrepancy and its public health consequences"
1100:
differ from culture to culture. For example, Schmitt discusses how
5740:
Vaughan, P. (1989). The Monogamy Myth. New York: New Market Press.
5494:
Hyde, Janet Shibley; Byers, E. Sandra; DeLamater, John D. (2009).
1235:
is a form of stress response which has been shown to activate the
1191:
1187:
770:
751:
639:
594:
589:
499:
43:
2520:
DeSteno, D.; Bartlett, M. Y.; Braverman, J.; Salovey, P. (2002).
1221:
It can alert an individual to threats with a valued relationship.
6349:
6077:
3330:
Russell, V. Michelle; Baker, Levi R.; McNulty, James K. (2013).
2165:"Rampant misattributed paternity: the creation of an urban myth"
1687:
1441:
1437:
544:
198:
6081:
4614:
Parks, M.R.; Floyd, K. (1996). "Making friends in cyberspace".
3991:
Buss, D. M.; Haselton, M. (2005). "The Evolution of Jealousy".
69:, Vulcan discovers his wife, Venus, having an affair with Mars.
5656:
1041:
Anthropologists tend to believe humans are neither completely
5716:
Pittman, F. (1989). Private Lies . New York: W. W. Norton Co.
5229:
Jenks, R. J. (1998). "Swinging: A review of the literature".
4766:
4764:
4218:"Impact of Relational Proximity on Distress from Infidelity"
1296:, where two or more individuals engage in discussions about
2248:
Bellis MA, Hughes K, Hughes S, Ashton JR (September 2005).
5746:"Adult Attachment and Patterns of Extradyadic Involvement"
2075:
Liu, Chien (May 2000). "A Theory of Marital Sexual Life".
1621:, however, it is usually an addition of a female. Unlike
1486:(2003). Adultery is declared to be illegal in 21 states.
5744:
Allen, Elizabeth S.; Baucom, Donald H. (December 2004).
822:, the most consistent data on infidelity comes from the
4830:"Wife Wins $ 9 Million From Husband's Alleged Mistress"
3463:
3461:
3459:
3457:
1928:
Choi, K H; Catania, J A; Dolcini, M M (December 1994).
1893:
1891:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3008:
2776:
2774:
1391:
All countries in Europe, as well as most countries in
3078:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2661:
2659:
2631:
2629:
1279:, both areas of which had a high risk of contracting
5224:
5222:
5220:
2397:"Elevated germline mutation rate in teenage fathers"
1866:"Love, sex and the changing landscape of infidelity"
6375:
6313:
6273:
6115:
4142:Harris, C. R. (2004). "The Evolution of Jealousy".
2851:
2849:
2847:
2515:
2513:
5211:
5072:
5039:
5037:
4804:"Beware cheaters: Your lover's spouse can sue you"
1923:
1921:
1826:Greeley, Andrew (May 1994). "Marital infidelity".
1476:of US criminal laws on adultery is unclear due to
4918:"Adultery laws: where is cheating still illegal?"
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1975:
1973:
1300:over the Internet and is usually accompanied by
82:Diagram of parallel relationships (infidelity).
1790:International Journal of Comparative Sociology
6093:
3151:Barash & Lipton, D.P. & J.E. (2001).
2243:
2241:
1509:. Such provisions have been condemned by the
1070:liberal nature of the society. For instance,
698:
8:
5983:Journal of Social and Personal Relationships
5954:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
5515:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
5378:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
5110:"Infidelity is in the air for road warriors"
5013:"Decriminalization of adultery and defenses"
4643:Journal of Social and Personal Relationships
4476:Journal of Social and Personal Relationships
4036:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
3381:Journal of Social and Personal Relationships
3269:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2826:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2530:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
1522:has also stated in regard to the defense of
1352:nature, often leads to off-line infidelity.
1091:Some research has also suggested that being
870:populations, less than 5% among the sampled
4860:"Woman wins 'alienation of affection' case"
3641:"Adultery has roots in psychology, biology"
3168:
3166:
3164:
3162:
2442:
2440:
1821:
1819:
1564:According to Debra Laino in an article for
6435:
6100:
6086:
6078:
3806:Buss, David; Schmitt, David (1 May 1993).
3668:
3666:
3420:Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
2346:King, T. E.; Jobling, M. A. (1 May 2009).
1574:Alternative views (swinging and polyamory)
1493:and killings, in particular by mitigating
903:There is currently debate in the field of
807:Janus Report on Sexual Behavior in America
705:
691:
257:
114:
72:
6052:
5864:
5796:
5761:
5700:Learn how and when to remove this message
5542:Palson, R (1972). "Swinging in wedlock".
5418:
4701:
4590:
4233:
3870:
3355:
3194:
2916:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2542:
2420:
2371:
2322:
2273:
2233:Law and ethics of AID and embryo transfer
2139:
2121:
1953:
1764:
1400:cases; for example it may be a factor in
966:for heterosexual women because potential
946:A 2015 study found a correlation between
878:populations, less than 2% of the sampled
846:Research on pregnancy and its effects on
5071:Losee, Stephanie; Olen, Helaine (2007).
4106:Personality and Social Psychology Review
3960:Parental Investment and Sexual Selection
3289:Personality and Social Psychology Review
2783:Personality and Social Psychology Review
2737:Personality and Social Psychology Review
1699:
1162:"Mate poaching" is the phenomenon of a
319:
251:
176:
117:
87:
27:Cheating, adultery, or having an affair
3262:
2668:Personality and Individual Differences
2638:Personality and Individual Differences
2449:Personality and Individual Differences
777:, depression, low sexual and personal
5785:Journal of Marital and Family Therapy
5150:from the original on 12 February 2018
4345:Counselling and Psychotherapy Journal
4247:
4245:
4167:
4165:
4137:
4135:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3412:
3410:
3282:
3280:
3175:Journal of Marital and Family Therapy
2042:Journal of Marital and Family Therapy
1864:Parker-Pope, Tara (28 October 2008).
882:population, and generally 1–2% among
7:
4962:from the original on 23 October 2021
4433:Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy
3675:Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
3647:. Rutgers University. Archived from
3470:Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy
3245:Journal of Sex Education and Therapy
3130:. Guilford Press. pp. 271–286.
1876:from the original on 23 October 2021
1859:
1857:
1013:offending spouse initiated divorce.
37:For cheating in other contexts, see
4509:Whitty, Monica T. (February 2005).
4371:Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality
3894:Meston, Cindy; Buss, David (2009).
3128:The Psychology of Jealousy and Envy
1609:Another form of extradyadic sex is
5908:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00391.x
5798:10.1111/j.1752-0606.2004.tb01235.x
4946:Nicolas, Peter (8 February 2013).
4628:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1996.tb01462.x
3722:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00394.x
3602:Journal of Research on Adolescence
2961:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.10.001
2707:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00389.x
2612:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00038.x
2054:10.1111/j.1752-0606.2005.tb01556.x
25:
5853:Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity
4893:The Maryland People's Law Library
4840:from the original on 26 July 2020
4735:Sexual & Relationship Therapy
3851:American Journal of Public Health
2749:10.1207/S15327957PSPR0702_102-128
1934:American Journal of Public Health
1737:American Journal of Public Health
1077:Christianity in the United States
950:expression and predisposition to
837:University of Washington, Seattle
830:(GSS). Interviews with people in
6434:
5763:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2004.00035.x
5661:
5498:. McGraw-Hill Ryerson, Limited.
5315:Ritchie, A.; Barker, M. (2006).
5212:Hyde, Byers & DeLamater 2009
4828:Gomstyn, Alice (23 March 2010).
4274:10.1016/j.biosystems.2010.04.009
3187:10.1111/j.1752-0606.2012.00331.x
2905:Australian Journal of Psychology
2089:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00363.x
1994:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00048.x
1129:and infidelity are more common.
88:
76:
5639:from the original on 2018-07-22
5353:from the original on 2018-07-20
5138:Ali, Lorraine (8 August 2004).
5120:from the original on 2009-09-04
5023:from the original on 2016-01-08
4994:from the original on 2018-02-12
4928:from the original on 2015-09-17
4899:from the original on 2012-12-18
4870:from the original on 2018-02-12
4810:from the original on 2015-02-27
4784:from the original on 2024-07-07
4565:Mathiak, K.; Weber, R. (2006).
4547:from the original on 2018-07-19
4351:from the original on 2023-04-05
4339:Whitty, Monica (January 2004).
3973:from the original on 2020-11-27
3639:Kathiya, Henna (1 April 2010).
2352:Molecular Biology and Evolution
2299:"Surnames and the Y chromosome"
2179:from the original on 2020-10-02
1440:) allow the possibility of the
1281:sexually transmitted infections
5610:CyberPsychology & Behavior
5140:"Marriage: The New Infidelity"
4682:Cyberpsychology & Behavior
4676:Whitty, M.; Gavin, J. (2001).
4518:Social Science Computer Review
3257:10.1080/01614576.1999.11074316
2941:Evolution & Human Behavior
2899:Ward, J.; Voracek, M. (2004).
2077:Journal of Marriage and Family
1982:Journal of Marriage and Family
783:post-traumatic stress disorder
1:
5937:10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.06.006
5684:and help improve the section.
5594:10.1016/s1090-5138(02)00106-x
5496:Understanding Human Sexuality
5274:American Journal of Sociology
5058:10.1016/j.econlet.2012.09.023
3029:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
1316:engage in sexual activity in
1166:luring a person who is in an
858:One measure of infidelity is
6024:10.1080/01494929.2011.626670
6012:Marriage & Family Review
5574:Evolution and Human Behavior
5108:Stoller, Gary (2007-04-23).
5079:. Avon, Mass.: Adams Media.
4175:Journal of Social Psychology
3993:Trends in Cognitive Sciences
3928:10.1080/00224499.2011.551851
3758:10.1016/0162-3095(95)00057-7
3336:Journal of Family Psychology
2918:10.1080/00049530412331283381
2254:J Epidemiol Community Health
2109:Journal of Clinical Medicine
6323:Child-on-child sexual abuse
5458:10.1037/0033-2909.127.6.773
5390:10.1037/0022-3514.66.6.1081
5231:Archives of Sexual Behavior
4987:. Council of Europe. 2002.
4802:Drash, Wayne (2009-12-08).
4390:Archives of Sexual Behavior
4118:10.1207/s15327957pspr0901_6
4048:10.1037/0022-3514.78.6.1082
3824:10.1037/0033-295X.100.2.204
3687:10.1177/0022002185016004002
3301:10.1207/s15327957pspr0701_2
2795:10.1207/s15327957pspr0901_5
2553:10.1037/0022-3514.83.5.1103
2297:Sykes, B; Irven, C (2000).
1408:of children, the denial of
938:. Studies have found that
722:non-consensual non-monogamy
32:Infidelity (disambiguation)
6487:
5966:10.1037/0022-3514.84.5.997
5622:10.1089/109493103322725342
5527:10.1037/0022-3514.60.6.861
5487:10.1207/s15327965pli0501_1
4747:10.1080/146819903100153946
4694:10.1089/109493101753235223
4235:10.1177/147470490900700406
4187:10.3200/socp.148.4.389-406
4091:10.1037/0003-066x.51.2.161
4005:10.1016/j.tics.2005.09.006
3614:10.1207/s15327795jra0903_1
3571:10.1037/0893-3200.15.4.735
2838:10.1037/0022-3514.74.2.407
2680:10.1016/j.paid.2005.09.004
2650:10.1016/j.paid.2008.10.013
2461:10.1016/j.paid.2011.01.029
1802:10.1177/002071526200300112
1384:
1237:sympathetic nervous system
1149:Other contributing factors
1113:Strategic pluralism theory
36:
29:
6430:
6063:10.1080/02699930050117657
5875:10.1080/10720160008400207
5734:10.1080/00224498609551311
4889:"Crimes Against Marriage"
4445:10.1080/00926230252851861
4402:10.1007/s10508-005-3120-z
4318:10.1080/10720160008400207
3746:Ethology and Sociobiology
3544:10.1080/00224499209551654
3482:10.1080/00926239508404399
3041:10.1017/s0140525x05000051
2163:Gilding, Michael (2005).
1912:10.1080/00224499709551881
1678:Relational transgressions
1182:, and less frequently in
1037:Anthropological viewpoint
954:in women but not in men.
39:Cheating (disambiguation)
5995:10.1177/0265407505052440
5336:10.1177/1363460706069987
4655:10.1177/0265407598154005
4616:Journal of Communication
4530:10.1177/0894439304271536
4488:10.1177/0265407509348003
3957:Trivers, Robert (1972).
3898:. Macmillan. p. 94.
3863:10.2105/ajph.2006.088492
3785:10.1177/0192513x07304269
3773:Journal of Family Issues
3432:10.1177/0146167203256880
3393:10.1177/0265407517704091
2870:10.1177/0956797609357708
2488:10.1177/0956797611416252
2266:10.1136/jech.2005.036517
2211:10.1177/0038038508099102
1749:10.2105/AJPH.2015.303016
1673:Polygyny threshold model
1452:. In the United States,
1446:alienation of affections
963:
6041:Cognition & Emotion
5722:Journal of Sex Research
5243:10.1023/a:1018708730945
4222:Evolutionary Psychology
3916:Journal of Sex Research
3532:Journal of Sex Research
3155:. New York: Henry Holt.
3126:Salovey, Peter (1991).
3097:10.1111/1467-9280.00402
1946:10.2105/ajph.84.12.2003
1900:Journal of Sex Research
1712:www.psychologytoday.com
1588:Supreme Court of Canada
1561:water-cooler chatter."
1098:Human mating strategies
905:evolutionary psychology
18:Cheating (relationship)
6466:Intimate relationships
5601:Whitty, M. T. (2003).
5446:Psychological Bulletin
5407:Psychological Bulletin
2413:10.1098/rspb.2014.2898
1318:virtual reality worlds
70:
67:ancient Roman religion
6255:Sex-positive movement
6250:Sex-positive feminism
6174:Obesity and sexuality
5896:Psychological Science
5475:Psychological Inquiry
4079:American Psychologist
3710:Psychological Science
3085:Psychological Science
2858:Psychological Science
2695:Psychological Science
2600:Psychological Science
2476:Psychological Science
2364:10.1093/molbev/msp022
1468:or class 1 felony in
1168:intimate relationship
828:General Social Survey
824:University of Chicago
767:marital relationships
513:Emotions and feelings
47:
6340:Cybersex trafficking
6125:Adolescent sexuality
3812:Psychological Review
1658:Financial infidelity
1464:, to a $ 10 fine in
1198:Evolutionary factors
860:paternal discrepancy
30:For other uses, see
6260:Sex workers' rights
6240:Reproductive rights
5586:2003EHumB..24...17S
4571:Human Brain Mapping
4294:Fisher et al., 2010
4266:2010BiSys.101...79S
4156:10.1511/2004.45.919
2953:2015EHumB..36..130Z
1402:property settlement
1118:Strategic pluralism
936:attachment theories
667:Narcissistic parent
63:Alessandro Varotari
6328:Child sexual abuse
6300:Child prostitution
6245:Right to sexuality
5556:10.1007/bf02695912
4952:Florida Law Review
4144:American Scientist
3651:on August 21, 2011
3629:by Louise DeSalvo.
3219:"After Infidelity"
2979:American Scientist
2407:(1803): 20142898.
2123:10.3390/jcm9020526
1870:The New York Times
1840:10.1007/bf02693241
1381:Legal implications
1212:Defense mechanisms
1186:countries such as
1174:countries such as
1061:Cultural variation
958:Sexual orientation
899:Gender differences
819:The New York Times
720:(synonyms include
485:marital separation
71:
6448:
6447:
6305:Child sex tourism
6288:Child pornography
5710:
5709:
5702:
5505:978-0-07-076410-1
5175:ShaveMagazine.com
5171:"Why Women Cheat"
5086:978-1-59869-330-0
5046:Economics Letters
4583:10.1002/hbm.20234
3426:(12): 1585–1595.
3137:978-0-89862-555-4
2991:10.1511/2004.1.62
1940:(12): 2003–2007.
1511:Council of Europe
1503:crimes of passion
1491:domestic assaults
1483:Lawrence v. Texas
1474:constitutionality
1458:life imprisonment
1018:attachment theory
1010:life satisfaction
940:attachment styles
864:genetic screening
715:
714:
672:Power and control
396:
395:
392:
391:
264:Significant other
244:Mixed-orientation
104:
16:(Redirected from
6478:
6438:
6437:
6102:
6095:
6088:
6079:
6074:
6056:
6035:
6006:
5977:
5948:
5925:Animal Behaviour
5919:
5886:
5868:
5847:
5810:
5800:
5775:
5765:
5737:
5705:
5698:
5694:
5691:
5685:
5680:Please read the
5676:may need cleanup
5665:
5664:
5657:
5647:
5645:
5644:
5638:
5607:
5597:
5567:
5538:
5509:
5490:
5469:
5440:
5429:10.1037/a0019792
5422:
5401:
5384:(6): 1081–1093.
5362:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5352:
5321:
5312:
5306:
5305:
5269:
5263:
5262:
5226:
5215:
5209:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5186:
5177:. Archived from
5166:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5155:
5135:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5125:
5105:
5099:
5098:
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5068:
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5031:
5029:
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5000:
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4993:
4986:
4978:
4972:
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4969:
4967:
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4933:
4914:
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4907:
4905:
4904:
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4879:
4878:
4876:
4875:
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4847:
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4790:
4789:
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4768:
4759:
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4723:
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4638:
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4631:
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4604:
4594:
4562:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4552:
4546:
4515:
4506:
4500:
4499:
4482:(8): 1119–1129.
4471:
4465:
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4421:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4366:
4360:
4359:
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4130:
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4094:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4042:(6): 1082–1091.
4031:
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3981:
3979:
3978:
3972:
3965:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3922:(2–3): 149–165.
3911:
3900:
3899:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3874:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3779:(12): 1553–581.
3768:
3762:
3761:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3670:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3645:The Daily Targum
3636:
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3494:
3493:
3465:
3452:
3451:
3414:
3405:
3404:
3387:(8): 1067–1091.
3376:
3370:
3369:
3359:
3348:10.1037/a0032118
3327:
3321:
3320:
3284:
3275:
3274:
3268:
3260:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3223:Psychology Today
3215:
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2923:
2922:
2920:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2853:
2842:
2841:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2778:
2769:
2768:
2732:
2719:
2718:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2663:
2654:
2653:
2633:
2624:
2623:
2595:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2571:. Archived from
2546:
2537:(5): 1103–1116.
2526:
2517:
2508:
2507:
2482:(9): 1191–1197.
2471:
2465:
2464:
2455:(7): 1079–1083.
2444:
2435:
2434:
2424:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2375:
2358:(5): 1093–1102.
2343:
2337:
2336:
2326:
2309:(4): 1417–1419.
2294:
2288:
2287:
2277:
2245:
2236:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2169:People and Place
2160:
2154:
2153:
2143:
2125:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2037:
1998:
1997:
1977:
1968:
1967:
1957:
1925:
1916:
1915:
1895:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1861:
1852:
1851:
1823:
1814:
1813:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1768:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1704:
1653:Emotional affair
1639:Crime of passion
1549:one-night stands
1530:Workplace issues
1298:sexual fantasies
1133:Sex-ratio theory
1122:bi-parental care
1093:African American
964:
952:extrapair mating
799:extramarital sex
748:having an affair
740:being unfaithful
707:
700:
693:
258:
115:
98:
92:
80:
73:
21:
6486:
6485:
6481:
6480:
6479:
6477:
6476:
6475:
6471:Sexual fidelity
6451:
6450:
6449:
6444:
6440:Topical outline
6426:
6371:
6362:Sex trafficking
6309:
6275:Child sexuality
6269:
6179:Objectification
6117:Human sexuality
6111:
6106:
6054:10.1.1.564.1918
6038:
6009:
5980:
5960:(5): 997–1010.
5951:
5922:
5894:of the model".
5889:
5866:10.1.1.486.6714
5850:
5828:10.2307/4153022
5813:
5778:
5743:
5719:
5706:
5695:
5689:
5686:
5679:
5672:Further reading
5666:
5662:
5655:
5653:Further reading
5650:
5642:
5640:
5636:
5605:
5600:
5570:
5541:
5512:
5506:
5493:
5472:
5443:
5420:10.1.1.385.4128
5404:
5375:
5371:
5366:
5365:
5356:
5354:
5350:
5319:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5271:
5270:
5266:
5228:
5227:
5218:
5210:
5193:
5184:
5182:
5168:
5167:
5163:
5153:
5151:
5137:
5136:
5132:
5123:
5121:
5107:
5106:
5102:
5087:
5070:
5069:
5065:
5043:
5042:
5035:
5026:
5024:
5011:
5010:
5006:
4997:
4995:
4991:
4984:
4980:
4979:
4975:
4965:
4963:
4945:
4944:
4940:
4931:
4929:
4916:
4915:
4911:
4902:
4900:
4887:
4886:
4882:
4873:
4871:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4843:
4841:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4813:
4811:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4787:
4785:
4781:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4762:
4732:
4731:
4727:
4675:
4674:
4670:
4640:
4639:
4635:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4577:(12): 948–956.
4564:
4563:
4559:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4513:
4508:
4507:
4503:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4368:
4367:
4363:
4354:
4352:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4293:
4289:
4251:
4250:
4243:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4171:
4170:
4163:
4141:
4140:
4133:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4033:
4032:
4028:
3999:(11): 506–507.
3990:
3989:
3985:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3913:
3912:
3903:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3672:
3671:
3664:
3654:
3652:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3625:
3621:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3467:
3466:
3455:
3416:
3415:
3408:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3286:
3285:
3278:
3261:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3227:
3225:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3172:
3171:
3160:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3138:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3082:
3081:
3064:
3026:
3025:
3006:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2936:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2855:
2854:
2845:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2780:
2779:
2772:
2734:
2733:
2722:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2665:
2664:
2657:
2635:
2634:
2627:
2597:
2596:
2583:
2575:
2544:10.1.1.616.5778
2524:
2519:
2518:
2511:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2446:
2445:
2438:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2247:
2246:
2239:
2230:
2226:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2182:
2180:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2039:
2038:
2001:
1979:
1978:
1971:
1927:
1926:
1919:
1897:
1896:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1863:
1862:
1855:
1825:
1824:
1817:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1716:
1714:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1635:
1619:sexual intimacy
1583:extradyadic sex
1576:
1532:
1389:
1383:
1358:
1289:
1214:
1200:
1151:
1135:
1115:
1102:tribal cultures
1063:
1045:nor completely
1039:
1030:
998:
960:
934:from childhood
901:
892:
872:Native American
791:
756:sexual jealousy
711:
682:
681:
642:
632:
631:
617:Sexual activity
580:
572:
571:
515:
505:
504:
471:
463:
462:
406:
398:
397:
388:
364:
350:Mutual monogamy
231:
210:
112:
97:
93:
83:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6484:
6482:
6474:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6453:
6452:
6446:
6445:
6443:
6442:
6431:
6428:
6427:
6425:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6413:
6412:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6386:
6384:
6377:Age of consent
6373:
6372:
6370:
6369:
6367:Sexual slavery
6364:
6359:
6358:
6357:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6336:
6335:
6325:
6319:
6317:
6311:
6310:
6308:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6296:
6295:
6285:
6283:Child marriage
6279:
6277:
6271:
6270:
6268:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6236:
6235:
6225:
6224:
6223:
6213:
6212:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6160:
6159:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6133:
6132:
6121:
6119:
6113:
6112:
6107:
6105:
6104:
6097:
6090:
6082:
6076:
6075:
6047:(5): 643–659.
6036:
6018:(2): 125–149.
6007:
5989:(3): 339–360.
5978:
5949:
5920:
5902:(6): 367–372.
5887:
5848:
5811:
5791:(2): 213–231.
5776:
5756:(4): 467–488.
5750:Family Process
5741:
5738:
5728:(3): 311–319.
5717:
5714:
5708:
5707:
5669:
5667:
5660:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5648:
5616:(6): 569–579.
5598:
5568:
5539:
5521:(6): 861–869.
5510:
5504:
5491:
5470:
5452:(6): 773–796.
5441:
5413:(4): 627–658.
5402:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5330:(5): 584–601.
5307:
5286:10.1086/225408
5280:(4): 885–891.
5264:
5237:(5): 507–521.
5216:
5191:
5169:Laino, Debra.
5161:
5130:
5100:
5085:
5063:
5033:
5004:
4973:
4938:
4909:
4880:
4851:
4820:
4794:
4760:
4741:(3): 329–354.
4725:
4688:(5): 623–630.
4668:
4649:(4): 517–537.
4633:
4606:
4557:
4501:
4466:
4439:(2): 105–129.
4423:
4396:(3): 321–328.
4380:
4361:
4331:
4312:(1–2): 59–74.
4296:
4287:
4241:
4228:(4): 560–580.
4208:
4181:(4): 389–405.
4161:
4131:
4096:
4085:(2): 161–162.
4069:
4026:
3983:
3949:
3901:
3886:
3857:(6): 986–996.
3837:
3798:
3763:
3735:
3700:
3662:
3631:
3619:
3608:(3): 227–252.
3592:
3549:
3538:(3): 361–387.
3522:
3495:
3476:(3): 202–212.
3453:
3406:
3371:
3342:(2): 242–251.
3322:
3276:
3251:(4): 277–288.
3234:
3210:
3158:
3143:
3136:
3118:
3062:
3035:(2): 247–274.
3004:
2969:
2947:(2): 130–136.
2924:
2911:(3): 165–171.
2891:
2864:(2): 168–173.
2843:
2832:(2): 407–419.
2816:
2770:
2743:(2): 102–128.
2720:
2701:(6): 359–363.
2685:
2674:(4): 761–769.
2655:
2644:(3): 287–291.
2625:
2606:(4): 251–255.
2581:
2578:on 2018-07-30.
2509:
2466:
2436:
2387:
2338:
2315:10.1086/302850
2303:Am J Hum Genet
2289:
2237:
2224:
2205:(1): 140–157.
2189:
2155:
2094:
2083:(2): 363–374.
2067:
2048:(2): 217–233.
1999:
1969:
1917:
1906:(2): 167–174.
1887:
1853:
1815:
1796:(1): 124–137.
1780:
1743:(4): 625–632.
1723:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1641:
1634:
1631:
1615:group marriage
1575:
1572:
1531:
1528:
1515:United Nations
1507:honor killings
1422:North Carolina
1387:Adultery § Law
1382:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1357:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1288:
1285:
1245:blood pressure
1239:by increasing
1229:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1213:
1210:
1199:
1196:
1172:Middle Eastern
1150:
1147:
1134:
1131:
1125:and therefore
1114:
1111:
1072:Danish society
1062:
1059:
1054:anthropologist
1038:
1035:
1029:
1026:
997:
994:
959:
956:
900:
897:
891:
888:
880:Middle Eastern
795:Kinsey Reports
790:
787:
713:
712:
710:
709:
702:
695:
687:
684:
683:
680:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
643:
638:
637:
634:
633:
630:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
603:
602:
597:
592:
581:
578:
577:
574:
573:
570:
569:
564:
559:
558:
557:
552:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
516:
511:
510:
507:
506:
503:
502:
497:
492:
487:
478:
472:
469:
468:
465:
464:
461:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
434:
433:
431:Bachelor's Day
423:
418:
413:
407:
404:
403:
400:
399:
394:
393:
390:
389:
387:
386:
381:
376:
371:
365:
363:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
331:
328:
327:
317:
316:
315:
314:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
254:
253:
249:
248:
247:
246:
241:
240:
239:
237:Group marriage
230:
229:
228:
227:
222:
211:
209:
208:
203:
202:
201:
196:
185:
182:
181:
174:
173:
172:
171:
166:
161:
156:
155:
154:
149:
139:
134:
126:
125:
113:
110:
109:
106:
105:
85:
84:
81:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6483:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6458:
6456:
6441:
6433:
6432:
6429:
6423:
6422:South America
6420:
6418:
6415:
6411:
6410:United States
6408:
6407:
6406:
6405:North America
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6378:
6374:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6356:
6353:
6352:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6334:
6331:
6330:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6320:
6318:
6316:
6312:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6294:
6291:
6290:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6280:
6278:
6276:
6272:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6234:
6231:
6230:
6229:
6226:
6222:
6219:
6218:
6217:
6214:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6191:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6169:Miscegenation
6167:
6165:
6162:
6158:
6155:
6154:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6131:
6130:Rainbow party
6128:
6127:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6120:
6118:
6114:
6110:
6109:Sexual ethics
6103:
6098:
6096:
6091:
6089:
6084:
6083:
6080:
6072:
6068:
6064:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6046:
6042:
6037:
6033:
6029:
6025:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5992:
5988:
5984:
5979:
5975:
5971:
5967:
5963:
5959:
5955:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5926:
5921:
5917:
5913:
5909:
5905:
5901:
5897:
5893:
5888:
5884:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5859:(10): 59–74.
5858:
5854:
5849:
5845:
5841:
5837:
5833:
5829:
5825:
5822:(1): 85–101.
5821:
5817:
5812:
5808:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5790:
5786:
5782:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5742:
5739:
5735:
5731:
5727:
5723:
5718:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5704:
5701:
5693:
5690:February 2018
5683:
5682:editing guide
5677:
5673:
5668:
5659:
5658:
5652:
5635:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5611:
5604:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5569:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5540:
5536:
5532:
5528:
5524:
5520:
5516:
5511:
5507:
5501:
5497:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5476:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5442:
5438:
5434:
5430:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5383:
5379:
5374:
5373:
5368:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5325:
5318:
5311:
5308:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5268:
5265:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5225:
5223:
5221:
5217:
5213:
5208:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5181:on 2010-02-04
5180:
5176:
5172:
5165:
5162:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5134:
5131:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5104:
5101:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5082:
5077:
5076:
5067:
5064:
5059:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5040:
5038:
5034:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5008:
5005:
4990:
4983:
4977:
4974:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4942:
4939:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4913:
4910:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4884:
4881:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4855:
4852:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4824:
4821:
4809:
4805:
4798:
4795:
4780:
4773:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4729:
4726:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4672:
4669:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4637:
4634:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4610:
4607:
4602:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4561:
4558:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4512:
4505:
4502:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4470:
4467:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4427:
4424:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4384:
4381:
4376:
4372:
4365:
4362:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4335:
4332:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4300:
4297:
4291:
4288:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4248:
4246:
4242:
4236:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4212:
4209:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4138:
4136:
4132:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4100:
4097:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4073:
4070:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4030:
4027:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3987:
3984:
3969:
3962:
3961:
3953:
3950:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3897:
3890:
3887:
3882:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3841:
3838:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3818:(2): 204–32.
3817:
3813:
3809:
3802:
3799:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3767:
3764:
3759:
3755:
3752:(5): 355–83.
3751:
3747:
3739:
3736:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3716:(6): 378–79.
3715:
3711:
3704:
3701:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3681:(4): 423–46.
3680:
3676:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3635:
3632:
3628:
3623:
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3607:
3603:
3596:
3593:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3565:(4): 735–49.
3564:
3560:
3559:J Fam Psychol
3553:
3550:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3526:
3523:
3518:
3514:
3511:(89): 35–43.
3510:
3506:
3499:
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3483:
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3475:
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3464:
3462:
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3375:
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3333:
3326:
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3318:
3314:
3310:
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3298:
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3290:
3283:
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3250:
3246:
3238:
3235:
3224:
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3214:
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3202:
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3110:
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3079:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3058:
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3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3021:
3019:
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3015:
3013:
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3009:
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3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2925:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2895:
2892:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2852:
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2848:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2820:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2721:
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2532:
2531:
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2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
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2467:
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2458:
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2450:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2401:Proc Biol Sci
2398:
2391:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2361:
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2353:
2349:
2342:
2339:
2334:
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2325:
2320:
2316:
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2308:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2260:(9): 749–54.
2259:
2255:
2251:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
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2178:
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2166:
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2156:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2098:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1784:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1724:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1668:Open marriage
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1597:upper classes
1594:
1589:
1584:
1581:is a form of
1580:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1478:Supreme Court
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1454:criminal laws
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1393:Latin America
1388:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1324:
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1315:
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1307:
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1299:
1295:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:fertilization
1197:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1164:single person
1160:
1157:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1143:divorce rates
1139:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1067:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1052:According to
1050:
1048:
1044:
1036:
1034:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1016:According to
1014:
1011:
1006:
1002:
995:
993:
989:
985:
981:
978:
972:
969:
957:
955:
953:
949:
944:
941:
937:
931:
928:
927:meta-analysis
922:
918:
914:
911:
906:
898:
896:
889:
887:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
856:
854:
849:
848:sexual desire
844:
840:
838:
833:
829:
825:
821:
820:
816:According to
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
788:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
736:
731:
727:
723:
719:
708:
703:
701:
696:
694:
689:
688:
686:
685:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
644:
641:
636:
635:
628:
625:
623:
622:Transgression
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
587:
586:
583:
582:
576:
575:
568:
565:
563:
560:
556:
555:Unconditional
553:
551:
548:
547:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
517:
514:
509:
508:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
482:
479:
477:
474:
473:
467:
466:
459:
456:
454:
453:Singles event
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
432:
429:
428:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
408:
402:
401:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
366:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
332:
330:
329:
326:
322:
318:
312:
308:
304:
300:
297:
295:
294:Queerplatonic
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
261:
260:
259:
256:
255:
250:
245:
242:
238:
235:
234:
233:
232:
226:
223:
221:
218:
217:
216:
213:
212:
207:
206:Open marriage
204:
200:
197:
195:
192:
191:
190:
187:
186:
184:
183:
180:
175:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
153:
150:
148:
145:
144:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
129:
128:
127:
124:
120:
116:
108:
107:
102:
96:
95:Relationships
91:
86:
79:
75:
74:
68:
64:
60:
59:
56:Surprised by
55:
51:
46:
40:
33:
19:
6315:Sexual abuse
6265:Survival sex
6228:Prostitution
6163:
6044:
6040:
6015:
6011:
5986:
5982:
5957:
5953:
5931:(3): E1–E4.
5928:
5924:
5899:
5895:
5891:
5856:
5852:
5819:
5815:
5788:
5784:
5753:
5749:
5725:
5721:
5696:
5687:
5675:
5641:. Retrieved
5613:
5609:
5580:(1): 17–23.
5577:
5573:
5550:(4): 28–37.
5547:
5543:
5518:
5514:
5495:
5478:
5474:
5449:
5445:
5410:
5406:
5381:
5377:
5355:. Retrieved
5327:
5323:
5310:
5277:
5273:
5267:
5234:
5230:
5183:. Retrieved
5179:the original
5174:
5164:
5152:. Retrieved
5143:
5133:
5122:. Retrieved
5113:
5103:
5074:
5066:
5052:(1): 71–73.
5049:
5045:
5025:. Retrieved
5016:
5007:
4996:. Retrieved
4976:
4964:. Retrieved
4955:
4951:
4941:
4930:. Retrieved
4921:
4912:
4901:. Retrieved
4892:
4883:
4872:. Retrieved
4863:
4854:
4842:. Retrieved
4833:
4823:
4812:. Retrieved
4797:
4786:. Retrieved
4738:
4734:
4728:
4685:
4681:
4671:
4646:
4642:
4636:
4619:
4615:
4609:
4574:
4570:
4560:
4549:. Retrieved
4524:(1): 57–67.
4521:
4517:
4504:
4479:
4475:
4469:
4436:
4432:
4426:
4393:
4389:
4383:
4374:
4370:
4364:
4353:. Retrieved
4344:
4334:
4309:
4305:
4299:
4290:
4260:(2): 79–87.
4257:
4253:
4225:
4221:
4211:
4178:
4174:
4150:(1): 62–71.
4147:
4143:
4112:(1): 76–86.
4109:
4105:
4099:
4082:
4078:
4072:
4039:
4035:
4029:
3996:
3992:
3986:
3975:. Retrieved
3959:
3952:
3919:
3915:
3895:
3889:
3854:
3850:
3840:
3815:
3811:
3801:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3749:
3745:
3738:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3678:
3674:
3655:16 September
3653:. Retrieved
3649:the original
3644:
3634:
3626:
3622:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3562:
3558:
3552:
3535:
3531:
3525:
3508:
3504:
3498:
3473:
3469:
3423:
3419:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3339:
3335:
3325:
3295:(1): 20–40.
3292:
3288:
3265:cite journal
3248:
3244:
3237:
3226:. Retrieved
3222:
3213:
3181:(1): 68–91.
3178:
3174:
3152:
3146:
3127:
3121:
3088:
3084:
3032:
3028:
2985:(1): 62–71.
2982:
2978:
2972:
2964:
2944:
2940:
2927:
2908:
2904:
2894:
2861:
2857:
2829:
2825:
2819:
2789:(1): 62–75.
2786:
2782:
2740:
2736:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2671:
2667:
2641:
2637:
2603:
2599:
2573:the original
2534:
2528:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2452:
2448:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2355:
2351:
2341:
2306:
2302:
2292:
2257:
2253:
2232:
2227:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2181:. Retrieved
2175:(12): 1–11.
2172:
2168:
2158:
2113:
2107:
2097:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2045:
2041:
1988:(1): 48–60.
1985:
1981:
1937:
1933:
1903:
1899:
1878:. Retrieved
1869:
1831:
1827:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1740:
1736:
1726:
1715:. Retrieved
1711:
1702:
1608:
1601:
1577:
1565:
1563:
1555:
1553:
1545:
1541:
1533:
1499:manslaughter
1488:
1481:
1434:South Dakota
1390:
1362:
1359:
1350:
1346:
1331:
1328:
1321:
1306:hot-chatting
1302:masturbation
1290:
1287:The Internet
1257:
1253:
1230:
1215:
1201:
1161:
1152:
1136:
1116:
1104:with higher
1090:
1068:
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1015:
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1003:
999:
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739:
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725:
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5369:References
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5185:2010-02-10
5124:2009-10-19
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4998:2018-02-12
4966:23 October
4932:2015-09-16
4903:2013-06-26
4874:2018-02-12
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4551:2018-12-28
4355:2018-02-14
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1720:.
706:e
699:t
692:v
483:/
313:)
103:)
99:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
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