517:. It is charged of them that they are not masters of their own money if they do not spend it. Niarchus tells of one who does not commit suicide because of the cost of the rope to do so; Lucillius tells of another who dies because funeral expenses are cheaper than calling in a doctor. Elsewhere in the anthology is another epigram by Lucillius of a miser's encounter with a mouse that assures him he only wants lodging, not board. In one more, a miser dreams that he is in debt and hangs himself.
698:. Misers were notorious tricksters, so ingenuity transcending barely credible impersonations was generally needed. "Bite upon bite or the miser outwitted by the country lass" (1736–63) does not feature the miser's daughter but another sort of damsel in distress. A girl bears a child out of wedlock and is advised by her mother to name it Maidenhead and offer it for sale. A rich miser closes the bargain and is eventually forced to support the child by the magistrate.
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hag enters, bringing a tiny portion to eat on a plate which a famished cat scrambles to reach. One more dichotomy explored by
Rowlandson appears in his watercolour of "The spendthrift and the miser". The drunken young man alarming the miser there is probably his son, taking up a literary theme to be found, among other places, in Allan Ramsay's comic monologue. It will be remembered too that the thriftless ne'er-do-well of
1583:. The visitation of death is carried forward in the 19th century in similarly titled works. They include a portrayal by Franz Häussler (1845-1920) of an old man standing at his desk who peers round fearfully as he glimpses a skull reflected in a mirror. The charcoal and watercolour drawing by the Austrian Albert Plattner (1869–1919) is more ambiguous and has the figures facing away from each other in a cramped space.
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1398:(1933). This French-Canadian novel was translated into English as "The Woman and the Miser" in 1978. Set at the end of the 19th century, the novel broke with the convention of extolling rural life and depicts a miser who mistreats his wife and lets her die because calling in a doctor would cost money. There have been adaptations for stage, radio, TV and two films, of which the most recent was
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swore the Devil should have it before he would take the honest Market price". The devil closes with the bargain and on accounting day carries off the farmer as well. The social message is carried by the refrain that follows each stanza: "O Farmers, covetous
Farmers,/ why would you pinch the Poor?" The religious aspect is dealt with in the contemporary "A Looking-glass for a covetous Miser" by
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685:. Here a West Country entrepreneur and a poor husbandman debate the respective merits of anxious profit-making and contentment. The miser laments the current low price of grain and resolves not to sell or plant more until the price rises. The theme continued into the early 19th century, where a farmer is again the subject of "The life and awful death of a rich miser ".
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intended as her husband into allowing the match. Much the same situation occurs in "The
Politic Lovers or the Windsor Miser Outwitted", where it is a butcher who impersonates the devil and scares the miser into handing over his riches. In about 1800 there appeared an English broadside ballad called "The old miser" which was to serve as basis for what grew into a
354:, who despite being a multimillionaire had also a reputation as a miser, involved herself in a six-year lawsuit to obtain her aunt's fortune, only to have it proved against her that she had forged the will. More modern times yield the Chinese example of an 80-year-old affronted by being called a miser in a poem by his son-in-law. Blaming his hospitalization with
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387:. In this a man, intending to hang himself, discovered hidden gold and left the rope behind him; on returning, the man who had hidden the gold hanged himself with the noose he found in its place. Both these stories were alluded to or retold in the following centuries, the most famous versions appearing in
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Another common subject of these ballads was the dilemma of the miser's daughter unable to marry the man of her choice and the stratagems employed to overcome her father. In "Bite Upon the Miser", printed in the late 18th century, a sailor dresses up as the devil and scares the miser and the parson he
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from the
Buddhist scriptures. This includes two stories, in the first of which a rich miser is miraculously converted to generosity by a disciple of the Buddha; following this, the Buddha tells another story of a miser whose wealth is given away when the king of the gods impersonates him, and when he
1693:'s "The Miser and his Mistress". There a young woman in luxuriant Renaissance dress stands behind an ugly miser, reaching across him to take coins from the money bags he clutches to his chest, while he looks up at her, crying out with a grimace and trying to push away her hand. An updated version by
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harks back to the light-hearted approach of the Greek
Anthology in "The Miser and Minos", first published in his fables of 1719. Descending to the Classical underworld at his death, the miser is brought before the judge of the dead and is given the extreme punishment of returning to earth to witness
379:" which he had buried and came back to view every day. When his treasure was eventually stolen and he was lamenting his loss, he was consoled by a neighbour that he might as well bury a stone (or return to look at the hole) and it would serve the same purpose. The other was a two-line epigram in the
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Still another ballad theme was the privations of the miser's servant, a comic situation in drama and fiction also, and here principally concerned with how little food the household has to live on. One example is "The Miser's Man (dating from between 1863 and 1885). At the start of the 19th century,
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points to one solution of his dilemma in a print showing a miser engaged with two nude prostitutes whom has hired for the price of one. In another
Rowlandson revisits the theme of the meager feast, depicting his miser crouched by an empty grate and keeping himself warm by hugging his money-bags. A
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Among other details in
Gillray's crowded print is a fashionably dressed prostitute coming through the door. Lechery was supposed to be an attribute of some misers, exposing them to a contest between satisfying this weakness and their overmastering passion to save expense, as exemplified in the Old
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does not neglect the moral dimension either in his "The miser's feast" (1786). He is pictured seated at a table eating a meager meal, attended by Death in the guise of an emaciated and naked manservant holding in his right hand a tray with a bone on it and behind him, in his left hand, the dart of
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ballads concerning misers from the 17th century onward. Some of the earliest deal with the grain speculators who caused such suffering to the poorest. A representative example is "The
Wretched Miser" (1682), prefaced as "a brief Account of a covetous Farmer, who bringing a Load of Corn to Market,
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on 26 May 1820. Much of the broadside is taken up with detailing the contents of her three rooms, into which she had let no one enter. Not more than £8 in currency was discovered there, but she had bought and hoarded many articles of dress over the years, although rarely wearing them. She had also
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initiated a popular treatment of this subject in which each type is separately illustrated, of which there were many imitations in succeeding centuries. Among the depictions is a man starting up in protest behind a table piled with wealth on which a skeleton is laying hands. In his print of 1651,
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two men are depicted robbing a miser. At the centre the miser
Charinos has settled for sleep on top of his strongbox in the comfort of two blankets. He is rudely awoken by two rascals mishandling him in an effort to lay their hands on his riches. On the left, Gymnilos has already pulled away the
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was to adapt the story in his "L'avare et son fils" (The miser and his son, IV.9). In this version the miserly father hoards his apples and only eats those going rotten. His son, upon being caught raiding them, excuses himself on the grounds that he was confining himself to eating just the sound
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and published in his fable collection of 1692. It concerns a miser who cannot bring himself to eat the apples in his orchard until they start to go rotten. His son invites in his playmates to pick the fruit but asks them not to eat the rotten ones since his father prefers those. The 18th century
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during Mughal times. In one he extracts from a casuistical miser a fee for a poem written in his praise. In the other the miser is forced to reward a merchant who rescued his hoard from a fire with the whole of it. Arabs similarly made extensive use of misers in their literature. The most famous
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in the guise of a miser digging up his buried gold and debates with him whether the life of wit and learning is a better calling than the pursuit of wealth. Eventually the poet is convinced that keeping his talent hidden until it is better regarded is the more prudent course. It was followed by
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One trait of misers arising out of the accounts about them was their readiness to incur legal expenses where money was involved. Daniel Dancer was notorious for spending five shillings in an unsuccessful effort to recover three pence from a shop woman. He was also involved in a lawsuit with his
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Mr Boffin would say, 'Now, look well all round, my dear, for a Life of a Miser, or any book of that sort; any Lives of odd characters who may have been Misers.' .... The moment she pointed out any book as being entitled Lives of eccentric personages, Anecdotes of strange characters, Records of
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which emphasises the essential isolation of such figures. His enigmatic "The Miser" of 1860 pictures an individual of indeterminate gender seated with its back to the viewer in the corner of a bare room next to the window. He is looking down as if examining something and the room behind him is
489:'s "The Miser and Plutus", published in his collection of fables in 1737. A miser frightened for the security of his hoard denounces gold as the corruptor of virtue and is visited by the angry god of wealth, who asserts that not gold but the attitude towards it is what damages the personality.
399:(IX.15) respectively. Yet another of La Fontaine's fables was the late addition, ""The miser and the monkey" (XII.3), used as a cautionary tale for financiers. Here a man keeps his hoard in a sea-encircled tower until a pet monkey amuses itself one day in throwing the coins out of the window.
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Dame
Margery is not named in the poem because at the time of writing (1805) she was still alive and known to be litigious. We know that it is meant to be her from the fact that in William Brown's painting of the ballad, "Hiring Croglin Watty at Carlisle Cross", it is she who figures in the
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is a person who is reluctant to spend money, sometimes to the point of forgoing even basic comforts and some necessities, in order to hoard money or other possessions. Although the word is sometimes used loosely to characterise anyone who is mean with their money, if such behaviour is not
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cellar without either bed, chair or table, his colleagues and neighbours claimed to have seen him in the same threadbare clothes for 15 years. After his death, property to the value of more than £3,000 was found in the cellar, some in the form of property deeds, and more in bank receipts.
632:(1733). Reluctance to spend confines this aristocrat to his ancestral hall, where he refuses to engage with the world. Later in the century another Scottish poet, William Stevenson (1719–83), included nine satirical epitaphs on misers among his collected works, of which the last begins:
170:(serialised 1864–1865), with its cutting analysis of Victorian capitalism. In the third section of that novel, Mr Boffin decides to cure his ward Bella Wilfer of her obsession with wealth and position by appearing to become a miser. Taking her with him on a round of the bookshops,
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created a portrait of a man trapped between conflicting desires in Malbecco, who appears in cantos 9–10. He is torn between his miserliness and love for his wife Hellenore. Wishing to escape with a lover, she sets fire to his storeroom and forces him to choose between them:
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death. Famine, a withered hag naked to the waist, is also in attendance wearing a large hat and fashionable skirt. These characters are identified by the verse at the bottom: "What else can follow but destructive fate,/When Famine holds the cup and Death the plate?"
141:, the rich and the poor should be in a relationship of mutual support. Those with wealth are in need of the prayers of the poor for their salvation and can only earn them by acts of charity. A typical late example of Christian doctrine on the subject is the Reverend
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put miserly behaviour at the centre of the first poem in his first collection of satires, dealing with extremes of behaviour. In writing an imitation of it, an English poet who provides only his surname, Minshull, was to emphasise this by titling his work
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1519:). But the bracketing of the miser and the usurer as equally culpable types, mentioned earlier, makes it difficult to interpret the subject of later moralistic paintings, since they may represent either a hoarder, a money lender or even a tax collector.
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developed in the Greek colonies in Italy during the 4th century BCE, which are known only from rare fragments and titles. They were also popularly represented on Greek vases, often with the names of the characters written above them. In one of these by
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artists. Bosch shows the miser on his deathbed, with various demons crowding about his possessions, while an angel supports him and directs his attention to higher things. The link between finance and the diabolical is also drawn by another Fleming,
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with multiple versions. The scene is set in London, where a miser's daughter is courted by a sailor and the father arranges for him to be press-ganged to get him out of the way. As well as persisting in England, there are also versions in the US and
914:, there was a spate of French plays dealing with misers and their matrimonial plans over the next century and a half. What complicates matters is that several of these had the same title but were in fact separate plays written by different authors.
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The popularity of these theatrical misers is evident from the number of paintings and drawings based on them, many of which were then adapted as prints. In 18th-century England, it was Fielding's "The Miser" that attracted most attention.
1134:(1767–68) and Thomas Gray portrayed a confrontation between Shylock and his daughter Jessica (1868). Character portraits of other actors in Shylock's role have included Henry Urwick (1859–1931) by Walter Chamberlain Urwick (1864-1943),
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in which Charlotte Montgomery describes her own romantic affairs and in addition those of her mother, an unprincipled spendthrift who has just married the miser of the title. Another female novelist, Mary E. Bennett (1813–99), set her
890:'s title page for the latter, Volpone is shown worshiping his possessions, in illustration of the lines from the play, "Dear Saint, / Riches, the dumb god that giv'st all men tongues." A similar scene takes place in the second act of
223:. The popularity of such accounts is attested by the seven editions printed in the book's first year and the many later reprintings under various titles. Biographies of Dancer followed soon after, at first in periodicals such as the
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made the link with the dance of death genre by introducing a young boy slyly fingering the coins while keeping a wary eye on the woman to see if she has noticed. These Dutch variations were mostly painted during the 1620s, when
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In the following chapter, Mr Boffin brings a coachload of the books to his premises and readers are introduced to a selection of typical titles and to the names of several of the misers treated in them. Among the books appear
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2203:"Lochy Ostrom, the maiden miser of Poughkeepsie; or, The love of a long lifetime. An authentic biography of Rachel Ostrom who recently died in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., aged ninety years, apparently very poor, but really wealthy ."
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in 1906. In the corresponding act in the latter, the Baron visits his underground storehouse, where he gloats at a new addition to his coffers and moodily contemplates the extravagance of his son during a 15-minute solo.
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Lochy Ostrom, the maiden miser of Poughkeepsie; or the love of a long lifetime. An authentic biography of Rachel Ostrom who recently died in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., aged ninety years, apparently very poor, but really
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foreground. About 1811, just before her death, Brown had already devoted another painting to her alone as she tramped through the town. That she is still amusedly remembered there is witnessed by the modern
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is fashionably dressed and wearing a ring. He may be inspired by the wealth and jewelry piled on his table, but he obviously has no objection to advertising his well-to-do status. On the other hand, the
933:(The Spendthrift Miser). The same title was used by L. Reynier for his five-act verse drama of 1794 and by Claude Baron Godart d'Aucourt de Saint Just (1769-1826) for his three-act verse drama of 1805.
270:. Others include John Little (who appears in Merryweather), Reverend Mr Jones of Blewbury (also in Merryweather) and Dick Jarrel, whose surname was really Jarrett and an account of whom appeared in the
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in which banknotes rather than gold are the object of desire and a motive for murder. It was dramatised the same year and later toured the US; in 1912 it was made a silent film. Later examples include
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and again demonstrates the ambivalent targets of the moral message. The only difference is that the couple engaged in inspecting their money are old, as was the case in all the allegories of avarice.
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is of the feminine gender. Low Countries artists who took up the allegorical theme added the variation of making the woman examine a coin by the light of a candle or lantern, as in the paintings by
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918:(The Miser in Love) by Jean du Mas d' Aigueberre (1692–1755) was a one-act comedy acted in Paris in 1729. It is not the same as the anonymous one-act comedy of the same title published in 1777.
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too borrowed the imagery, but his candlelit examiner of a coin is male and the piece is variously titled "The Money Changer" or "The Rich Fool", in reference to the parable already mentioned.
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There were beside many other prolific and once popular novelists who addressed themselves to the subject of miserliness. For the most part theirs were genre works catering to readers in the
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By the end of the 19th century the theme of the miser was distancing itself from the simple moralities of journeyman painters and becoming a subject for aristocratic amateurs. The Empress
1674:'s miser is also richly robed as he sits surrounded by his possessions, while Theodore Bernard Heuvel's miser sits on the chest containing his hoard and looks anxiously over his shoulder.
1590:'s painting of a naked old woman with a sack of coins (1507). This makes the point that age comes to all and confiscates all consolations. A woman is chosen as subject because the Latin
1044:'s drawing of the second act was also made into a print. But it was principally depictions of various actors in the character of Lovegold, the play's anti-hero, which attracted artists.
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than the "Female Miser" that she is called in the report. The title was more deserved by Joseph MacWilliam, who was found dead of a fire on 13 June 1826. A servant whose home was a damp
1622:, the pull between spirituality and materialism is highlighted by making the deathbed a scene of conflict between the angel and demons. Quentin Matsys suggests the same polarity in his
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In the Christian West the attitude to those whose interest centred on gathering money has been coloured by the teachings of the Church. From its point of view, both the miser and the
350:, although this time he was more successful. In the same century, Margery Jackson was involved in an epic Chancery suit between 1776 and 1791 over a family inheritance. The American
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She hed a lang beard, for aw t' warl leyke a billy goat, wi' a kil-dried frosty feace: and then the smawest leg o' mutton in aw Carel market sarrad the cat, me, and hur for a week.
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1356:. As avarice slowly overtakes her, she withdraws her savings so that she can gloat over the money and even roll about in it. The book was the basis for a silent film in 1916 and
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tries to intervene is threatened with what will happen if he does not change his ways. Two 16th century stories concerning misers are included among the witticisms attributed to
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Lives and Anecdotes of Misers or The Passion of Avarice displayed in the parsimonious habits, unaccountable lives and remarkable deaths of the most notorious misers of all ages
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blanket on top of him while, on the right, Kosios drags out the blanket beneath. On the far right, the miser's slave Karion stands with outstretched arms and knocking knees.
1539:, in his portrayal of the man of affairs being assisted in his double bookkeeping by a demon. The same connection is made in "The devil and the usurer" in the Valenciennes
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Later in the 19th century there were small regional publications dealing with single individuals of local interest. Examples of such works include Frances Blair's 32-page
1330:(Toquemada on the pire, 1889). The novel is centred on a Madrid moneylender who had appeared incidentally in earlier novels of his and now had three more devoted to him:
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is poorly dressed and his interest in hoarding is indicated by the way he gloats on the key that will lock his money away. The same dichotomy occurs in later centuries.
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Two more of the misers mentioned made their way into other literary works. John Hopkins, known as Vulture Hopkins, was the subject of a scornful couplet in the third of
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disturbances in 18th century Scotland. Attempting to deprive his nephew David (the hero of the novel) of his inheritance, he arranges to have the young man kidnapped.
660:(London 1831). Although miserly behaviour is referenced during the course of its 78 pages, the real focus there is the attraction of money in all its manifestations.
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Literary manifestations of the theme of the mismatched couple include the Malbecco episode in "The Faerie Queene" and Catherine Hutton's novel "The Miser Married".
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the contrast disappears. The wife of his moneylender is shown helping with the bookkeeping and leaning sideways, as mesmerised as her husband by the pile of coins.
1737:. John Cranch (1751-1821) pictures two armed desperadoes breaking in on his. However, it is in the realm of satirical prints that the most inventiveness is found.
1579:'s print of "The Miser and Death" (1643). Here the man sits at table clasping his money bags while contemplating a skull wearing a plumed hat, beside which is an
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1880:"Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol II: THE PASTOR OF HERMAS: Similitude Second. As the Vine is Supported by the Elm, So is the Rich Man Helped by the Prayer of the Poor"
1056:. Several other works became plates in one or another book dedicated to English drama. James Roberts II (1753 – c. 1810) executed a pen and ink watercolour of
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treats the theme twice, in both versions of which a skeleton serenades a luxuriously dressed greybeard sitting at a table. Another curious variation occurs in
1558:. There a skeleton compels those from all walks of life, but particularly types of the rich and the powerful, to join him in his dance to the grave. In 1538
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1016:, (1828) also brings in a daughter whom the miser attempts to sell off as a mistress to her disguised lover. Earlier Jerrold had written a one-act farce,
4060:"Luke 12:20 "But God said to him, 'You fool! This very night your life will be demanded from you. Then who will get what you have prepared for yourself?'"
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1650:(the pleasures of old age). Verses as the bottom underline the moral: "Why do you make/ such piles of gold?/ Soon you'll grow old/ and Death takes all.
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Mediaeval art works of Christian origin take a clear moral stance on the sin of avarice in its various manifestations. The frieze on the west wall of
3880:"The miser married : a novel. In three volumes : Hutton, Catherine, 1756-1846 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive"
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of the play's denouement was included as a print in the translation of Molière's work and prints based upon it were made by various other engravers.
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as Lovegold was adapted for the 1776 edition of that work. In the following century, Thomas Charles Wageman's dramatic head and shoulders drawing of
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by Wu Jingzi (吳敬梓), written about 1750. This miser was unable to die easily until a wasteful second wick was removed from the lamp at his bedside.
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made "The Blessed Ranieri showing the friars the soul of the Miser of Citerna carried to hell by demons" a panel of an altarpiece (now in the
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There were also independent dramatic depictions of misers, some of them being variations of the Pantaleone figure in 16th-century Italian
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as symbol of miserly behaviour, often with an accompanying poem. They appeared in various European languages, among them the illustrated
1092:(1820). From this time too dates the coloured print of Samuel Vale acting the part of Goliah Spiderlimb, the comic servant in Jerrold's
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remarkable individuals, or anything to that purpose, Mr Boffin's countenance would light up, and he would instantly dart in and buy it.'
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Such paintings cluster into recognisable genres, all of which point to the sinful nature of preoccupation with money for its own sake.
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990:(first serialised in 1842) was spawning a fresh crop of dramas of that title. Two were played in 1842 and a further adaptation called
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The Strange and Unaccountable Life of Daniel Dancer, Esq. ... with singular anecdotes of the famous Jemmy Taylor, the Southwark usurer
1615:, on the other hand, makes his subject very obviously a miser who hugs a small sack of coins and holds one up for intent inspection.
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Misers as a type have been a perennial object of popular fascination and a fruitful source for writers and artists in many cultures.
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568:, dating from about 1630, on which an ass laden with rich foods is shown cropping a thistle, surrounding which is the quatrain:
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carefully picked up every pin that fell in her way, till she nearly filled one hundred pincushions. In addition to much other
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1020:(1823), in which a miser tries to marry off his ward to advantage. Another farce produced in Canada, Major John Richardson's
156:. Accounts of misers were included in such 19th century works as G. H. Wilson's four-volume compendium of short biographies,
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Richard Newhauser, The Early History of Greed: The Sin of Avarice in Early Medieval Thought and Literature, Cambridge 2000,
1678:'s miser shows much the same apprehension as he leans on the table where his money is piled and glances round suspiciously.
1626:(1514). Here the woman is studying a religious book while her husband is testing coins by weight. In the hands of the later
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in a sentimental story of the occult in which the Dutch merchant persuades a generous young man to exchange souls with him.
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How the Wind Sits; Or, The History of Henry and Ann Lemoine, Chapbook Writers and Publishers of the Late Eighteenth Century
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1342:(Torquemada and Saint Peter, 1895). All of these deal with Spanish social trends in the closing years of the 19th century.
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4372:"Jean Baptiste Leprince. Expert art authentication, certificates of authenticity and expert art appraisals - Art Experts"
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Jemmy Taylor's name also appears in the list of notable misers that Mr Boffin enumerates. He is coupled with the banker
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480:'s "Tale of the Miser and the Poet" was included among others in her 1713 Miscellany. There an unsuccessful poet meets
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as part of their mutual punishment. They roll weights representing their wealth, constantly colliding and quarreling.
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was to be particularly influential, as was the complicating subplot of a marriageable daughter. One of the earliest
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799:(1617). The play is named from the miser, whose daughter is Claartje. Molière adapted Plautus' play into French as
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In 18th century Britain, when there was a vogue for creating original fables in verse, a number featured misers.
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Running parallel has been a disposition, inherited from Classical times, to class miserly behaviour as a type of
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Misers were represented onstage as comic figures from Classical times. One of the earliest appears in the comic
451:(The miser and the rotten apples, fable 179), published in 1499. This was eventually translated into English by
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622:. The miser bids farewell to his riches in a comic monologue and details some of his shifts to avoid expense.
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4190:"Web Gallery of Art, image collection, virtual museum, searchable database of European fine arts (1000-1900)"
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3961:"Dollikins and the Miser : Frances Eaton : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive"
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1571:'s 16th century diptych in which death confronts the man of affairs with his own account. A century later,
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adapted this into dialect two years later, and Charles Denis provided a version in standard English in his
317:, there were a great number of buttons, which had been cut off old coats. This makes her sound more like a
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3508:"The Actor Grandmesnil, picture art prints and posters by Jean Baptiste Francois Desoria - ARTFLAKES.COM"
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makes the connection with the parable clear by quoting from it in the frame. A variation is provided by
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2012:
1993:
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Another area of ambivalence centres on the kind of clothes worn by the so-called misers. The subject of
1135:
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301:(1828), roughly based on an incident when he feigned death to save expenses and was killed by accident.
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149:(1852), a moralising work based on a succession of biographies contrasting philanthropists and misers.
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706:'s "Croglin Watty". A simple-minded countryman down from the fells, Watty was hired by the real-life
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925:, who was working in France at the end of his life. He had already produced a one-act comedy titled
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898:(1836). This concerns a son, Albert, kept short of funds by his father, the Baron. Under the title
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1932:
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lies behind another series of paintings which stem ultimately from mediaeval illustrations of the
787:(c. 1597). The miser there is the Milanese Jaques de Prie, who has a (supposed) daughter, Rachel.
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1733:'s poorly dressed character clutches a bag of coin and looks up anxiously in the painting in the
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The early 19th century saw misers become the subject of the musicals then fashionable in France.
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devoted one of his theatrical paintings to a scene from L'Avare in 1876 while the French actor
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adapted Molière's work in 1672 and a version based on both Plautus and Molière was produced by
358:
three years later on this, he sued his daughter for medical fees and 'spiritual compensation'.
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1024:(1841), had an Irish theme and dealt with a plot to trick a miser out of his money. The later
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of Gloucester, a more recent miser about whom Dickens later wrote an article in his magazine
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in childhood, although this explanation is not accepted by modern evidence-based psychology.
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The 18th century, so culturally rich in miser lore, furnished some notable poetic examples.
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spartanly furnished with just a table and bench, while a broadsheet is tacked to the wall.
858:. He is represented as a rich and miserly Venetian merchant, later to become the father of
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In addition, the challenging and complex part of Shylock was favoured by English artists.
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4422:"British Museum - Image gallery: The Scramble, or Old Gripus plunder'd by his Young Wife"
4254:
1802:
1323:
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story by him; later he adapted it as a two-act romantic drama set in time of Henry VIII.
402:
In Asia misers were the butt of humorous folklore. One very early cautionary tale is the
293:
John Overs, with a slight change to his name, became the subject of a three-act drama by
274:
for 1806. The many volumes of this publication also figured among Mr Boffin's purchases.
3960:
2798:"Vaughan Williams Memorial Library - Welcome to the English Folk Dance and Song Society"
1586:
Yet another genre was the Allegory of Avarice, of which one of the earliest examples is
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paints a Jewish character type for his miser, dated 1901, while the Hungarian nobleman
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1139:
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1081:
1049:
1033:
1006:, a verse play in five acts, which claimed to derive its plot 'from an Italian story'.
862:. The Venetian characters who reappear in English drama include the Jewish moneylender
812:
623:
619:
591:
304:
Another public source of information about misers, in Scotland at least, was the prose
278:
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1387:(1923), who makes life miserable for the wife who married him in the hope of security.
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titles his humanised study "Shylock" (1900). Apart from them, there is an etching by
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714:. The ballad mixes sung verses with prose description, both in Cumberland dialect:
492:
While these are more or less original interpretations of the theme, French fabulist
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2936:"File:Phlyax scene on a calyx krater by Asteas Antikensammlung Berlin F3044 5.jpg"
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1879:
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depicted a couple similarly engaged in 1648 which was later engraved in France by
53:
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1956:
1916:"The Eccentric Mirror:: Reflecting a Faithful and Interesting Delineation of ..."
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was not altogether eclipsed in England by the work adapted from it. A drawing by
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2055:"Biographical Curiosities; or, Various pictures of human nature. Containing ..."
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618:'s "Last speech of a wretched miser" dates from 1728 and is written in modified
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4008:"File:Sassetta - Damnation of the Soul of the Miser of Citerna - WGA20866.jpg"
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in character which was adapted as a print for the six-volume play collection,
960:(The Miser's Daughter) in 1835. The latter play was freely adapted in 1835 by
877:
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261:
3899:"The Gipsey Bride: Or, the Miser's Daughter. By the Author of Jane Shore ..."
998:
of 1839, a schoolboy indiscretion of the future controversial churchman, Rev.
994:
in 1872. A similarly titled play was the five-act comedy partially in verse,
371:
There were two famous references to misers in ancient Greek sources. One was
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322:
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accompanied by taking delight in what is saved, it is not properly miserly.
4337:
3979:"The Soul of Nicholas Snyders, Or the Miser Of Zandam, by Jerome K. Jerome"
3722:"BBC Arts - BBC Arts - 'A life wasted': Who was the real Ebenezer Scrooge?"
1729:
English depictions of misers in the 18th century begin as genre paintings.
1547:, in which two devils pluck at the sleeve of a poorly dressed moneylender.
1530:, dating from the 1490s, started a fashion in depicting this subject among
929:(The Miser) in Bologna in 1756. In 1776 he produced in France the five-act
755:
Such stock figures eventually provided inspiration for the Latin dramas of
244:
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611:
Eventually losing both, he becomes the embodiment of frustrated jealousy.
17:
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3365:"British Museum - Image gallery: Mr Shutter in the Character of Lovegold"
1512:
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648:
Poetic titles from the 19th century include the Irish Arthur Geoghegan's
486:
417:
309:
1511:
depicts the torments of Hell visited on those guilty of this sin, while
1002:. And on the other side of the Atlantic there was a stage production of
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1200:
1154:
Characterisation of misers has been a frequent focus in prose fiction:
882:
863:
847:
756:
3803:"The Perez Galdos Editions Project - Summary of the Torquemada novels"
3790:
3778:
3345:"Art UK - William Farren as Lovegold in 'The Miser' by Henry Fielding"
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Translated into blank verse in the 18th century by Bonnell Thornton,
2897:
2877:
2873:"Margery Jackson (1722–1812), Hiring Croglin Watty at Carlisle Cross"
1658:
1516:
1218:
1205:
748:
521:
481:
408:
428:, making this the earliest and largest known work on the subject in
4671:
1795:"miser - definition of miser in English from the Oxford dictionary"
1211:
Felix Grandet – whose daughter is the title character in the novel
968:. Two further adaptations of the French play were to follow later:
626:
created another masterly portrait in the character of Cotta in his
435:
When there was renewed European interest in Aesop during the early
5787:
5602:
5331:
4918:
2750:
A Book of Scattered Leaves: Poetry of Poverty in Broadside Ballads
2579:
English Versions of Roman Satire in the Earlier Eighteenth Century
1680:
1261:. He may have been partly based on John Elwes. The story has been
1156:
833:
667:
463:
425:
384:
243:
126:
52:
4059:
2814:
Folk Songs of the Catskills, State University of New York, 1982,
2185:"Memoir of Margery Jackson, the Carlisle miser & misanthrope"
5709:
4743:
2564:, Loeb edition translated by H. Rushton Fairclough, London 1942
2342:"Jean de La Fontaine's Fable Poem: The Treasure And The Two Men"
921:
Another set of plays borrows a title from the Italian dramatist
676:
In the realm of popular poetry, there were a range of narrative
5766:
5234:
4731:
4675:
2914:"Margery Jackson's remarkable life inspires Miser! The Musical"
545:, misers are put in the fourth circle of hell, in company with
447:
wrote two collections of original fables, among which appeared
31:
This article is about parsimonious people. For other uses, see
5318:
90:
2328:, translated by Norman Shapiro, University of Illinois 2007,
308:. One example concerns Isobel Frazer or Frizzle, who died in
241:(1797), which was often to be reissued under various titles.
203:
The majority of the misers are 18th century characters, with
2828:
The Politics of Custom in Eighteenth-Century British Fiction
2627:"British Museum - Image gallery: Scenes from Aesop's Fables"
3419:"British Museum - Image gallery: Mr W. Farren, as Lovegold"
672:
The broadside ballad of "The Old Miser", early 19th century
84:
4222:"The Athenaeum - Allegory of avarice (Paulus Moreelse - )"
3193:
3191:
1198:
Jean-Esther van Gobseck – an affluent usurer in the novel
719:
Neist my deame she e'en starv'd me, that niver liv'd weel;
513:
Misers are frequent figures of fun in the epigrams of the
38:"Cheapskate" redirects here. For the Supergrass song, see
656:(1893). There was also an anonymous didactic poem titled
4107:"File:Jan Provoost - Death and the Miser - WGA18447.jpg"
3401:"British Museum - Mr Yates in the character of Lovegold"
3383:"British Museum - Mr Ryder in the character of Lovegold"
186:
Portraits, Memoirs, and Characters of Remarkable Persons
45:"Skinflint" redirects here. For the band Skinflint, see
1764:'s miser of 1890 handles a small strongbox. The Indian
1699:
The Scramble, or Old Gripus plunder'd by his Young Wife
1289:(1853, translated into English as "The Miser" in 1855).
721:
Her hard words and luiks wou'd ha'e freeten'd the deil:
710:
miser Margery Jackson (1722–1812) and served her for a
910:
Following on from the continuing success of Molière's
505:(1754), reversing the title to "Minos and the Miser".
118:, attributing the development of miserly behaviour to
1715:
His wife while she plunders with smiles and caresses,
1268:
Mr. Prokharchin – title character of the short story
654:
New Christmas Poem entitled The Miser's Christmas Eve
497:
how his wealth is now being spent. The Scottish poet
337:(Carlisle 1847) and in the United States the 46-page
87:
2732:"EBBA 33461 - UCSB English Broadside Ballad Archive"
2714:"EBBA 21994 - UCSB English Broadside Ballad Archive"
1697:
was published as a print in 1773 under the title of
1302:(1861), who eventually abandons his avaricious ways.
639:
Who starv'd himself through spleen to skin and bone,
211:
at their head. The first account of Elwes' life was
5727:
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5590:
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4881:
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4751:
4742:
3604:"Art UK - Arthur Bourchier (1863–1927), as Shylock"
3198:Bayard, Jean François Alfred; Duport, Paul (1835).
1366:in 1924. More recently, it was also the basis for
781:adapted elements from Plautus for his early comedy
219:(1790), which was initially published in his paper
133:and shared behaviours. According to the parable of
81:
78:
3636:The Classic Chinese Novel: A Critical Introduction
3043:M.M.Badawi, "Arabic drama: early developments" in
1718:At once cools his love and his avarice distresses.
412:being the 600 page collection of anecdotes called
4078:"Hans Holbein's dance of death, Rich man / Miser"
1689:A sub-theme of this kind of contrast occurred in
190:Kirby's Wonderful Museum of Remarkable Characters
110:One attempt to account for miserly behaviour was
468:A print of John Gay's "The Miser and Plutus" by
4607:"Whistler Etchings :: Image of Impression"
3566:"Art UK - Henry Urwick (1859–1931), as Shylock"
3437:"British Museum - Mr Vale as Goliah Spiderlimb"
3161:Alfieri and Goldoni: Their Lives and Adventures
1030:The Miser of Shoreditch or the Curse of Avarice
716:
643:And boast, what he ne'er could, a full repast.
634:
597:
570:
283:
172:
5714:
1709:How hard is the conflict, yet claims ridicule,
1474:(1890) by the American Frances Eaton. In 1904
795:followed with their very popular Dutch comedy
346:equally miserly brothers when his sister died
4687:
4571:"Raja Ravi Varma Oil Painting 59 - The Miser"
3673:"Fardorougha, the Miser, by William Carleton"
1685:Old Gripus plundered by his young wife (1773)
1634:'s painting of much the same scene is titled
1068:made a print of Thomas Ryder in the role for
8:
1712:When doting and avarice possess an old fool!
1322:Francisco Torquemada, the main character in
288:The wretch who living saved a candle's end.
286:When Hopkins dies, a thousand lights attend
160:(1807). Such books were put to comic use by
3745:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 118.
3217:Scribe, Eugène; Delavigne, Germain (1823).
3086:The Methuen Drama Dictionary of the Theatre
2029:"Anecdotes of the late Daniel Dancer Esq",
1846:. New York: Worth Publishers. p. 218.
1757:inherited his money from a miserly father.
1161:The miser discovers the loss of his money,
823:and pioneering dramatic works in Arabic by
815:in 1732. Among later adaptations there was
769:writers to adapt the play was the Croatian
637:A miser rots beneath this mould'ring stone,
5763:
5541:
5251:
5242:
5231:
5019:
4878:
4748:
4739:
4728:
4694:
4680:
4672:
2766:"Lewis Walpole Library Digital Collection"
2326:The Complete Fables of Jean de La Fontaine
2283:, "Daughter sued by dad over 'miser' poem"
1018:The Smoked Miser or The Benefit of Hanging
1014:John Overy or The Miser of Southwark Ferry
652:(Newry 1818) and Frederick Featherstone's
650:The Old Miser and Mammon: an Incident Poem
641:Lest worms might riot on his flesh at last
606:He left his wyf; money did love disclame.
600:Ay when to him she cryde, to her he turnd,
299:John Overy or The Miser of Southwark Ferry
4542:"A&A - The Spendthrift and the Miser"
3327:"British Museum - Image gallery: drawing"
2525:A group of eight in Book XI are numbered
1957:"Kirby's Wonderful and Scientific Museum"
1390:Séraphin Poudrier, the central figure in
1130:in the role that had brought him fame at
996:The Miser's Daughter or The Lover's Curse
972:(1859) by J. V. Bridgeman (1819–89), and
281:'s Moral Essays, "Of the Use of Riches":
1489:
1414:of the 19th century. Among them was the
217:The Life of the Late John Elwes: Esquire
4352:"Art UK - A Miser Casting His Accounts"
4143:"File:Glaspalast München 1891 025a.jpg"
3062:McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Drama
1786:
1440:The Gipsy Bride or the Miser's Daughter
1115:in the role of Harpagon was painted by
702:the theme had figured as an episode in
604:But when he marked how him money burnd,
602:And left the fyre; love money overcame:
573:The Asse which dainty meates doth beare
3622:The Universal Anthology vol.12, 1899,
3010:Thomas Shadwell, his life and comedies
2041:"Anecdotes of the Late Daniel Dancer"
577:Is like the wretch that hourds up gold
3936:Miser Farebrother: A Novel (Complete)
2893:"Margery Jackson, the Carlisle Miser"
2859:, George Routledge & Sons, 1866,
1701:. Underneath is a verse commentary:
1480:Nicholas Snyders, The Miser of Zandam
1004:Julietta Gordini:The Miser's Daughter
196:(1821); and F. Somner Merryweather's
7:
3690:Ainsworth, William Harrison (1855).
2074:, Southern Illinois University 2007
1602:. In his own allegorical treatment,
1345:Trina McTeague, the miserly wife in
819:'s 18th-century Russian comic opera
575:And feedes on thistles all the yeare
335:, the Carlisle miser and misanthrope
3494:19thcenturybritpaint.blogspot.co.uk
3125:"Les trois spectacles, ou Polixene"
3111:There is a complete performance on
2857:The Songs and Ballads of Cumberland
2600:Jennifer Doane Upton (March 2005),
2149:"Broadside entitled 'Female Miser'"
1460:Paston Carew, Millionaire and Miser
1338:(Toquemada in Purgatory, 1894) and
948:(The miser's spree) in 1823, while
579:And yet for want doth suffer cold.
129:were guilty of the cardinal sin of
3933:Farjeon, Benjamin Leopold (1889).
3455:Henry Fielding and William Hogarth
2680:Original Poems on Several Subjects
2452:"A Tale of the Miser and the Poet"
1657:'s painting from the 1640s in the
1292:Silas Marner – title character of
1285:'s novel of Flemish peasant life,
1281:Uncle Jan and his nephew Thijs in
876:(1598) and the title character of
25:
4208:"French Government cultural site"
3851:"Riceyman Steps – Arnold Bennett"
2956:, Museum Tusculanum Press, 1992,
2562:Satires, Epistles and Ars Poetica
2537:The Greek anthology for schools,
2013:"The Life of the Late John Elwes"
1898:"The Riches that Bring No Sorrow"
1224:Fardarougha Donovan in the Irish
777:(The Miser) is set in Dubrovnik.
759:. The character of Euclio in his
4653:
4639:
4627:
3638:, Chinese University Press, 2016
2410:"A question of 'like'", pp. 47–9
1406:in the English-language version.
1334:(Toquemada on the cross, 1893),
1315:(1886), which is set during the
1305:Ebenezer Balfour the villain of
420:. He lived in 800 CE during the
237:(which also included Elwes) and
74:
27:Person who is reluctant to spend
5211:(self styled captain, braggart)
3282:Text at Victorian Plays project
2394:"The Miser's Misery", pp. 125–6
2116:An account of him was given in
1994:"Lives and anecdotes of misers"
1400:Séraphin: un homme et son péché
1189:Yan Jiansheng in an episode of
1182:' second master in the Spanish
556:began using an illustration of
147:The Riches that Bring No Sorrow
4668:– Sermons and Biblical Studies
4589:"File:Mednyánszky Shylock.jpg"
3269:The Dramatic Magazine 1, 1829
2954:The Art of Acting in Antiquity
2912:Tony Henderson (6 June 2011).
1117:Jean-Baptiste François Desoria
393:L'avare qui a perdu son trésor
1:
4644:The dictionary definition of
4408:"French government arts site"
4046:"French Government arts site"
2583:Associated University Presses
1774:James Abbott McNeill Whistler
566:Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger
3490:"Victorian British Painting"
2577:Kupersmith, William (2007).
2360:"Jean de La Fontaine Fables"
2167:"Broadside entitled 'Miser'"
1624:The moneylender and his wife
1442:(1841) in the 16th century.
956:collaborated on the two-act
827:(1817–55) and in Serbian by
397:Le trésor et les deux hommes
5715:
5582:Elderly martial arts master
5277:Hooker with a heart of gold
4320:"Le Plaisir Des Vieillards"
3742:The Dostoevsky encyclopedia
3251:Pray, Isaac Clarke (1839).
2406:50 Wittiest Tales Of Birbal
1336:Torquemada en el purgatorio
1235:John Scarve – in the novel
1178:The miserly priest who was
734:(2011), based on her life.
449:Avarus et poma marcescentia
5935:
4161:"Der Geizhals und der Tod"
3471:"H Beard Print Collection"
3300:Theatre Research in Canada
2970:South Italian Phylax Plays
1943:Various volumes appear in
1664:Miser Casting His Accounts
1573:Frans Francken the Younger
1545:Pieter Bruegel the Younger
1433:(1813). The latter was an
1350:: a story of San Francisco
1243:William Harrison Ainsworth
982:William Harrison Ainsworth
902:, it was made an opera by
494:Antoine Houdar de la Motte
233:, then in the compendiums
29:
5773:
5762:
5241:
5230:
4738:
4727:
4709:
4546:artandarchitecture.org.uk
3897:Bennett, Mary E. (1841).
2986:available on Google Books
2752:Bucknell University 2000
2653:The Poems of Allan Ramsay
2247:Memoir of Margery Jackson
1842:Berger, Kathleen (2000).
1819:Foundations of psychology
1648:Le plaisir des vieillards
1640:David Teniers the Younger
1543:, formerly attributed to
1165:'s 1842 illustration for
1132:the Covent Garden Theatre
807:, 1668) while in England
789:Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft
552:During the 16th century,
3586:"The Merchant of Venice"
3537:"The Merchant of Venice"
3488:rfdarsie (6 July 2012).
3045:Modern Arabic Literature
3025:Fielding, Henry (1803).
2234:Biographical Curiosities
2219:Biographical Curiosities
2118:The Gentleman's Magazine
1691:Hans Holbein the Younger
1628:Marinus van Reymerswaele
1618:In the Hieronymus Bosch
1560:Hans Holbein the Younger
1552:Parable of the Rich Fool
1468:Benjamin Leopold Farjeon
1450:(1863) was a successful
1419:The miser and his family
1404:Séraphin: Heart of Stone
1328:Torquemada en la hoguera
1251:– the lead character of
1088:'s collection of texts,
1084:as Lovegold illustrated
1070:Lowndes' British Theatre
235:Biographical Curiosities
3916:"Aurora Floyd. A novel"
3315:Victorian Plays project
2264:. (Harvard Univ 1971),
2011:Topham, Edward (1790).
1672:Jean-Baptiste Le Prince
1472:Dollikins and the Miser
1010:Douglas William Jerrold
841:'s 1898 title page for
295:Douglas William Jerrold
192:(1803); Henry Wilson's
5309:Manic Pixie Dream Girl
4733:By ethics and morality
4632:Quotations related to
4251:"arthistoryimages.org"
3692:"The miser's daughter"
3219:"L'avare en goguettes"
3090:Pantaloon entry, p.374
2470:"The Miser and Plutus"
2294:"THE MAN AND HIS GOLD"
2262:Notable American Women
1976:"Wonderful Characters"
1974:Wilson, Henry (1821).
1799:oxforddictionaries.com
1686:
1504:
1444:Mary Elizabeth Braddon
1340:Torquemada y San Pedro
1307:Robert Louis Stevenson
1174:
1062:Bell's British Theatre
1032:(1854) was based on a
873:The Merchant of Venice
851:
727:
673:
646:
609:
582:
558:an ass eating thistles
473:
377:The Miser and his Gold
291:
257:
177:
137:in the quasi-Biblical
66:
33:Miser (disambiguation)
4376:artexpertswebsite.com
4324:FAMSF Explore the Art
4226:www.the-athenaeum.org
4125:"Death and the Miser"
3739:Lantz, K. A. (2004).
3659:A translation on the
3647:A translation on the
3457:, Amsterdam NL 1981,
3200:"La fille de l'avare"
2974:University of Arizona
2736:ebba.english.ucsb.edu
2718:ebba.english.ucsb.edu
2133:The Dramatic Magazine
1844:The Developing Person
1684:
1644:Pierre-François Basan
1493:
1412:circulating libraries
1396:Un Homme et son péché
1377:Henry Earlforward in
1332:Torquemada en la cruz
1265:for stage and screen.
1230:Fardarougha the Miser
1160:
1136:Herbert Beerbohm Tree
1090:The New English Drama
974:John Palgrave Simpson
837:
829:Jovan Sterija Popović
773:in about 1555, whose
671:
584:In the third book of
467:
416:or Book of Misers by
342:(Philadelphia 1870).
247:
106:Accounting for misers
56:
4662:at Wikimedia Commons
4460:"Art UK - The Miser"
4440:"Art UK - The Miser"
4338:"Web Gallery of Art"
4026:"Art UK - The Miser"
3819:Available online at
3236:New Monthly Magazine
3176:Reynier, L. (1794).
2603:Dark Way to Paradise
2549:Poems of the Orient
1822:, Cengage Learning,
1816:Nicky Hayes (2000),
1655:Hendrik Gerritsz Pot
1596:Gerrit van Honthorst
1541:Musée des beaux-arts
1392:Claude-Henri Grignon
1238:The Miser's Daughter
1171:The Miser's Daughter
1109:William Powell Frith
1066:Charles Reuben Ryley
1026:Thomas Peckett Prest
987:The Miser's Daughter
980:in 1857. Meanwhile,
966:The Miser's Daughter
950:Jean-François Bayard
445:Laurentius Abstemius
389:La Fontaine's Fables
362:Misers in literature
248:A pencil drawing of
194:Wonderful Characters
158:The Eccentric Mirror
135:the Elm and the Vine
5523:Princess and dragon
5421:Princesse lointaine
4921:(servants, clowns:
4891:Gentleman detective
3855:Several eBooks Free
3839:. 16 November 1992.
3833:"New York Magazine"
3178:"L' avare fastueux"
3008:Albert S. Borgman,
2696:"The miser: a poem"
2378:Sacred texts online
2311:The Greek Anthology
2070:Roy Bearden-White,
1805:on August 11, 2012.
1731:Gainsborough Dupont
1632:Gillis van Tilborch
1620:Death and the Miser
1528:Death and the Miser
1496:Death and the Miser
1180:Lazarillo de Tormes
1054:Theatre Royal, Bath
1052:in the role at the
1022:The Miser Outwitted
964:under the title of
958:La fille de l'avare
946:L'avare en goguette
904:Sergei Rachmaninoff
868:William Shakespeare
784:The Case is Altered
629:Epistle to Bathurst
383:, once ascribed to
356:Parkinson's disease
5808:Identity formation
5598:American mappillai
5510:Damsel in distress
5292:Magical girlfriend
5197:(wealthy old men,
4394:NiceArtGallery.com
4129:NiceArtGallery.com
3287:2014-04-07 at the
3253:"Julietta Gordini"
3143:"L'Avare amoureux"
3047:, Cambridge 1992,
2924:on April 21, 2013.
2844:"Bodleian Library"
2784:"Bodleian Library"
2748:James G. Hepburn,
2667:Moral Essays III,
2408:, Bangalore 2005,
2404:Clifford Sawhney,
2390:Akbar-Birbal Jokes
2346:readbookonline.org
2313:III, London 1917,
2236:(London 1797), p.6
1770:Ladislav Medňanský
1687:
1505:
1358:Erich von Stroheim
1283:Hendrik Conscience
1276:Fyodor Dostoyevsky
1263:adapted many times
1186:published in 1554.
1175:
1163:George Cruickshank
1146:, also by Buchel.
900:The Miserly Knight
856:commedia dell'arte
852:
732:Miser! The Musical
674:
474:
319:compulsive hoarder
267:All the Year Round
258:
225:Edinburgh Magazine
139:Shepherd of Hermas
116:anal retentiveness
67:
5901:
5900:
5897:
5896:
5778:Adolescent clique
5758:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5531:
5530:
5267:Farmer's daughter
5236:By sex and gender
5226:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5009:
5008:
4868:
4867:
4789:Mythological king
4658:Media related to
4279:Wikimedia Commons
4239:Wikimedia Commons
4178:Wikimedia Commons
4095:Wikimedia Commons
3789:Available on the
3777:Available on the
3708:Available on the
3012:, New York 1969,
2952:Klaus Neiiendam,
2832:footnote on p.185
2643:III.10, stanza 15
2436:Fables de Florian
2392:, New Delhi 2005
2221:, (London 1797),
2100:"Annual Register"
1754:A Rake's Progress
1748:Thomas Rowlandson
1509:Lincoln Cathedral
1464:Miser Farebrother
1456:Eliza Lynn Linton
1431:The miser married
1254:A Christmas Carol
984:'s period novel
962:John G. Millingen
942:Germain Delavigne
931:L' avare fastueux
894:'s short tragedy
892:Alexander Pushkin
817:Vasily Pashkevich
664:Broadside ballads
587:The Faerie Queene
527:The Miser, a Poem
520:The Latin writer
458:Claris de Florian
430:Arabic literature
422:Abbasid Caliphate
254:Richard Cooper Jr
230:Sporting Magazine
167:Our Mutual Friend
40:Cheapskate (song)
16:(Redirected from
5926:
5919:Stock characters
5824:Little green men
5813:Imaginary friend
5764:
5720:
5542:
5482:Mammy stereotype
5436:Yamato nadeshiko
5252:
5243:
5232:
5107:Bug-eyed monster
5071:Social Darwinist
5020:
4996:Good cop/bad cop
4879:
4749:
4740:
4729:
4703:Stock characters
4696:
4689:
4682:
4673:
4657:
4643:
4631:
4615:
4614:
4603:
4597:
4596:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4567:
4561:
4556:
4550:
4549:
4538:
4532:
4531:
4520:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4501:. Archived from
4490:
4484:
4483:
4480:"British Museum"
4476:
4470:
4469:
4456:
4450:
4449:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4418:
4412:
4411:
4404:
4398:
4397:
4386:
4380:
4379:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4348:
4342:
4341:
4334:
4328:
4327:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4297:. Archived from
4287:
4281:
4276:
4270:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4253:. Archived from
4247:
4241:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4186:
4180:
4175:
4169:
4168:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4103:
4097:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4004:
3998:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3965:Internet Archive
3957:
3951:
3950:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3884:Internet Archive
3876:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3857:. Archived from
3847:
3841:
3840:
3829:
3823:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3799:
3793:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3669:
3663:
3657:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3632:
3626:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3562:
3556:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3514:. Archived from
3504:
3498:
3497:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3467:
3461:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3323:
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3312:
3306:
3297:
3291:
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3273:
3267:
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3260:
3248:
3242:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3195:
3186:
3185:
3173:
3167:
3159:Edward Copping,
3157:
3151:
3150:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3121:
3115:
3109:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3057:
3051:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3022:
3016:
3006:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2976:
2966:
2960:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2920:. Archived from
2909:
2903:
2902:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2869:
2863:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2840:
2834:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2762:
2756:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2692:
2686:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2581:. Cranbury, NJ:
2574:
2568:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2505:
2496:
2490:
2488:Internet Archive
2484:
2478:
2477:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2448:
2442:
2433:
2427:
2418:
2412:
2402:
2396:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2338:
2332:
2323:
2317:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2298:mythfolklore.net
2290:
2284:
2274:
2268:
2259:
2253:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2145:
2139:
2130:
2124:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1884:sacred-texts.com
1876:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1801:. Archived from
1791:
1762:Maria Feodorovna
1735:Ashmolean Museum
1646:under the title
1565:Wenceslas Hollar
1524:Hieronymus Bosch
1501:Hieronymus Bosch
1476:Jerome K. Jerome
1435:epistolary novel
1427:Catherine Hutton
1249:Ebenezer Scrooge
1226:William Carleton
1184:picaresque novel
1144:Arthur Bourchier
1094:The Smoked Miser
1074:Thomas Parkinson
970:Love and Avarice
944:collaborated on
916:L'Avare Amoureux
888:Aubrey Beardsley
839:Aubrey Beardsley
825:Marun Al Naqqash
696:Tristan de Cunha
537:
529:(London, 1735).
456:French fabulist
453:Roger L'Estrange
414:Kitab Al Bukhala
97:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
80:
63:Antonio Piccinni
50:
47:Skinflint (band)
43:
36:
21:
5934:
5933:
5929:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5924:
5923:
5904:
5903:
5902:
5893:
5769:
5746:
5723:
5696:
5665:
5648:Prince Charming
5642:
5638:Superfluous man
5633:Nice Jewish boy
5586:
5563:
5527:
5504:
5486:
5469:Lady-in-waiting
5463:
5440:
5407:
5379:
5351:
5337:Fairy godmother
5313:
5237:
5214:
5153:
5093:
5065:
5036:
5005:
4984:
4963:Gentleman thief
4944:
4937: and
4905:
4864:
4836:
4808:
4734:
4723:
4705:
4700:
4624:
4619:
4618:
4605:
4604:
4600:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4575:cyberkerala.com
4569:
4568:
4564:
4557:
4553:
4540:
4539:
4535:
4528:davidrumsey.com
4522:
4521:
4517:
4508:
4506:
4492:
4491:
4487:
4478:
4477:
4473:
4458:
4457:
4453:
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4437:
4433:
4420:
4419:
4415:
4406:
4405:
4401:
4388:
4387:
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4370:
4369:
4365:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4336:
4335:
4331:
4318:
4317:
4313:
4304:
4302:
4295:linternaute.com
4289:
4288:
4284:
4277:
4273:
4266:
4262:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4237:
4233:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4176:
4172:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4141:
4140:
4136:
4123:
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4118:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4093:
4089:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4058:
4057:
4053:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4006:
4005:
4001:
3994:
3990:
3977:
3976:
3972:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3947:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3914:
3913:
3909:
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3873:
3864:
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3849:
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3801:
3800:
3796:
3788:
3784:
3776:
3772:
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3760:
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3737:
3733:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3707:
3703:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3671:
3670:
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3658:
3654:
3646:
3642:
3633:
3629:
3621:
3617:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3564:
3563:
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3552:
3548:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3521:
3519:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3452:
3448:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3313:
3309:
3298:
3294:
3289:Wayback Machine
3280:
3276:
3268:
3264:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3234:
3230:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3197:
3196:
3189:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3163:, London 1857,
3158:
3154:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3110:
3106:
3099:
3095:
3084:
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2906:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2855:
2851:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2826:Scarlet Bowen,
2825:
2821:
2813:
2809:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2764:
2763:
2759:
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2730:
2729:
2725:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2678:
2674:
2666:
2662:
2655:, London 1800,
2651:
2647:
2642:
2638:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2576:
2575:
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2556:
2548:
2544:
2536:
2532:
2524:
2520:
2512:
2508:
2497:
2493:
2485:
2481:
2474:Immortal Poetry
2468:
2467:
2463:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2434:
2430:
2419:
2415:
2403:
2399:
2387:
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2358:
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2353:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2324:
2320:
2309:
2305:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2275:
2271:
2260:
2256:
2245:Frances Blair,
2244:
2240:
2232:
2228:
2217:
2213:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2131:
2127:
2115:
2111:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2086:April 10, 1869
2085:
2081:
2069:
2065:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2031:1794, pp.399-40
2028:
2024:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1942:
1938:
1930:
1926:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1766:Raja Ravi Varma
1604:Paulus Moreelse
1488:
1452:sensation novel
1402:(2002), titled
1271:Mr. Prokharchin
1259:Charles Dickens
1214:Eugénie Grandet
1152:
1128:Charles Macklin
1105:William Hogarth
1086:William Oxberry
1076:'s painting of
1072:(1788), while
1046:Samuel De Wilde
809:Thomas Shadwell
740:
726:
723:
722:
720:
704:Robert Anderson
666:
645:
642:
640:
638:
608:
605:
603:
601:
581:
578:
576:
574:
535:
534:Dante Alighieri
515:Greek Anthology
511:
381:Greek Anthology
369:
364:
333:Margery Jackson
290:
287:
272:Annual Register
182:James Caulfield
162:Charles Dickens
120:toilet training
108:
77:
73:
51:
44:
37:
30:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5932:
5930:
5922:
5921:
5916:
5906:
5905:
5899:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5874:Tragic mulatto
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5849:Shoulder angel
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5820:("The Lovers")
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5767:
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5465:
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5462:
5461:
5456:
5450:
5448:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5426:Southern belle
5423:
5417:
5415:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5389:
5387:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5361:
5359:
5357:Hawksian woman
5353:
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5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5323:
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5315:
5314:
5312:
5311:
5306:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5272:Girl next door
5269:
5264:
5258:
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5249:
5239:
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5228:
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5224:
5223:
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5192:
5187:
5185:Masked villain
5182:
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4707:
4706:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4663:
4651:
4637:
4623:
4622:External links
4620:
4617:
4616:
4598:
4580:
4562:
4551:
4533:
4515:
4499:eroti-cart.com
4485:
4471:
4451:
4431:
4426:British Museum
4413:
4399:
4381:
4363:
4343:
4329:
4311:
4282:
4271:
4260:
4257:on 2014-10-18.
4242:
4231:
4213:
4199:
4181:
4170:
4152:
4134:
4116:
4098:
4087:
4069:
4051:
4037:
4017:
3999:
3988:
3970:
3952:
3945:
3925:
3907:
3889:
3871:
3842:
3824:
3812:
3794:
3791:Gutenberg site
3782:
3779:Gutenberg site
3770:
3758:
3751:
3731:
3713:
3710:Gutenberg site
3701:
3682:
3664:
3661:Gutenberg site
3652:
3649:Gutenberg site
3640:
3627:
3615:
3595:
3577:
3557:
3546:
3528:
3499:
3480:
3462:
3453:P.J.De Voogd,
3446:
3441:British Museum
3428:
3423:British Museum
3410:
3405:British Museum
3392:
3387:British Museum
3374:
3369:British Museum
3356:
3336:
3331:British Museum
3318:
3307:
3292:
3274:
3262:
3243:
3228:
3209:
3187:
3168:
3152:
3134:
3116:
3104:
3093:
3078:
3071:
3052:
3036:
3017:
3001:
2989:
2977:
2968:Sean McGrath,
2961:
2945:
2927:
2904:
2884:
2864:
2849:
2835:
2830:, London 2010
2819:
2807:
2789:
2775:
2757:
2741:
2723:
2705:
2687:
2672:
2660:
2645:
2636:
2631:British Museum
2618:
2612:
2592:
2569:
2554:
2542:
2530:
2518:
2506:
2501:vol. 2 (1761)
2491:
2479:
2461:
2443:
2438:, Paris 1846,
2428:
2413:
2397:
2381:
2369:
2351:
2333:
2318:
2303:
2285:
2269:
2254:
2238:
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2194:
2176:
2158:
2140:
2125:
2109:
2091:
2079:
2063:
2046:
2034:
2022:
2003:
1985:
1966:
1948:
1936:
1933:Gutenberg site
1924:
1907:
1889:
1871:
1859:
1852:
1834:
1828:
1808:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1746:Gripus print.
1724:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1600:Mathias Stomer
1588:Albrecht Dürer
1556:Dance of Death
1487:
1484:
1408:
1407:
1388:
1384:Riceyman Steps
1379:Arnold Bennett
1375:
1368:William Bolcom
1343:
1320:
1303:
1290:
1279:
1266:
1246:
1233:
1222:
1209:
1196:
1187:
1151:
1148:
1140:Charles Buchel
1124:Johann Zoffany
1082:William Farren
1050:William Farren
1034:penny dreadful
978:Daddy Hardacre
813:Henry Fielding
739:
736:
717:
665:
662:
635:
624:Alexander Pope
598:
592:Edmund Spenser
571:
510:
507:
368:
365:
363:
360:
284:
279:Alexander Pope
107:
104:
57:A detail from
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5931:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5884:Village idiot
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5829:Magical Negro
5827:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5775:
5772:
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5761:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5726:
5719:
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5713:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5703:
5699:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5668:
5662:
5661:Knight-errant
5659:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5649:
5645:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5623:Little Johnny
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5608:Ivan the Fool
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5589:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5570:
5569:Father figure
5566:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5534:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5511:
5507:
5501:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5493:
5489:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5470:
5466:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5447:
5443:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5410:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5385:Woman warrior
5382:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5354:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
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5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5320:
5316:
5310:
5307:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5293:
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5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5255:Love interest
5253:
5250:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5233:
5229:
5210:
5207:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5193:
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5163:
5162:
5160:
5156:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5132:Swamp monster
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5100:
5096:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5084:Mad scientist
5082:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5072:
5068:
5062:
5059:
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5049:
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5018:
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5012:
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4999:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4947:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4908:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4883:Lovable rogue
4880:
4877:
4875:
4871:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4854:
4853:Super soldier
4851:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4839:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4779:Knight-errant
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4764:Christ figure
4762:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4730:
4726:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4704:
4697:
4692:
4690:
4685:
4683:
4678:
4677:
4674:
4667:
4664:
4661:
4656:
4652:
4650:at Wiktionary
4649:
4648:
4642:
4638:
4635:
4630:
4626:
4625:
4621:
4612:
4608:
4602:
4599:
4594:
4593:wikimedia.org
4590:
4584:
4581:
4576:
4572:
4566:
4563:
4560:
4555:
4552:
4547:
4543:
4537:
4534:
4529:
4525:
4519:
4516:
4505:on 2014-08-26
4504:
4500:
4496:
4493:Mike Hannon.
4489:
4486:
4481:
4475:
4472:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4455:
4452:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4435:
4432:
4427:
4423:
4417:
4414:
4409:
4403:
4400:
4395:
4391:
4385:
4382:
4377:
4373:
4367:
4364:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4347:
4344:
4339:
4333:
4330:
4325:
4321:
4315:
4312:
4301:on 2015-02-13
4300:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4283:
4280:
4275:
4272:
4269:
4264:
4261:
4256:
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4195:
4191:
4185:
4182:
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4171:
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4153:
4148:
4147:wikimedia.org
4144:
4138:
4135:
4130:
4126:
4120:
4117:
4112:
4111:wikimedia.org
4108:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4091:
4088:
4083:
4079:
4073:
4070:
4065:
4061:
4055:
4052:
4047:
4041:
4038:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4021:
4018:
4013:
4012:wikimedia.org
4009:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3992:
3989:
3984:
3983:gutenberg.org
3980:
3974:
3971:
3966:
3962:
3956:
3953:
3948:
3946:9781465528162
3942:
3938:
3937:
3929:
3926:
3921:
3917:
3911:
3908:
3903:
3900:
3893:
3890:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3861:on 2020-08-04
3860:
3856:
3852:
3846:
3843:
3838:
3834:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3816:
3813:
3808:
3804:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3765:Available in
3762:
3759:
3754:
3752:0-313-30384-3
3748:
3744:
3743:
3735:
3732:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3705:
3702:
3697:
3693:
3686:
3683:
3678:
3677:gutenberg.org
3674:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3644:
3641:
3637:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3619:
3616:
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3610:
3605:
3599:
3596:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3578:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3550:
3547:
3542:
3538:
3532:
3529:
3518:on 2013-06-08
3517:
3513:
3512:artflakes.com
3509:
3503:
3500:
3495:
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3308:
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3258:
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3237:
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3213:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3183:
3179:
3172:
3169:
3166:
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3153:
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3144:
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3135:
3130:
3126:
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3114:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3079:
3074:
3072:9780070791695
3068:
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3028:
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3018:
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2999:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2941:
2940:wikimedia.org
2937:
2931:
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2820:
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2719:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2669:lines 177-196
2664:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2649:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2613:9781597310093
2609:
2605:
2604:
2596:
2593:
2588:
2584:
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2573:
2570:
2567:
2563:
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2500:
2495:
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2489:
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2475:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2388:Anindya Roy,
2385:
2382:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2334:
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2278:
2273:
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2267:
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2258:
2255:
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2248:
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2215:
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2207:
2204:
2198:
2195:
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2186:
2180:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2144:
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2138:
2134:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2095:
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2089:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2059:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1855:
1853:1-57259-417-9
1849:
1845:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1812:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1739:James Gillray
1736:
1732:
1727:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1683:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1666:presented by
1665:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1532:Low Countries
1529:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1486:Misers in art
1485:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1423:Eliza Parsons
1420:
1417:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1287:De Gierigaard
1284:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1078:Richard Yates
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:Edward Shuter
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
988:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
938:Eugène Scribe
934:
932:
928:
924:
923:Carlo Goldoni
919:
917:
913:
908:
905:
901:
897:
896:Skupoi rytsar
893:
889:
885:
884:
879:
875:
874:
869:
865:
861:
857:
850:
849:
844:
840:
836:
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
793:Samuel Coster
790:
786:
785:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
763:
758:
753:
750:
745:
737:
735:
733:
725:
715:
713:
709:
705:
699:
697:
692:
686:
684:
683:Thomas Jordan
679:
670:
663:
661:
659:
655:
651:
644:
633:
631:
630:
625:
621:
620:Scots dialect
617:
612:
607:
596:
593:
589:
588:
580:
569:
567:
563:
559:
555:
550:
548:
544:
543:
539:
530:
528:
523:
518:
516:
508:
506:
504:
503:Select Fables
500:
495:
490:
488:
483:
479:
471:
470:William Blake
466:
462:
459:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
410:
405:
404:Illisa Jataka
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
373:Aesop's fable
366:
361:
359:
357:
353:
349:
343:
341:
336:
334:
327:
324:
320:
316:
311:
307:
302:
300:
296:
289:
282:
280:
275:
273:
269:
268:
263:
255:
251:
250:Daniel Dancer
246:
242:
240:
236:
232:
231:
226:
222:
218:
214:
213:Edward Topham
210:
209:Daniel Dancer
206:
201:
199:
195:
191:
188:(1794–1795);
187:
183:
176:
171:
169:
168:
163:
159:
155:
150:
148:
144:
143:Erskine Neale
140:
136:
132:
128:
123:
121:
117:
114:'s theory of
113:
112:Sigmund Freud
105:
103:
100:
95:
72:
64:
61:, a print by
60:
55:
48:
41:
34:
19:
5889:White savior
5859:Straight man
5793:Dragonslayer
5742:Black knight
5710:Seme and uke
5692:Mountain man
5682:Noble savage
5577:Wise old man
5398:Magical girl
5370:Femme fatale
5347:Loathly lady
5302:Monster girl
5189:
5147:Nazi zombies
5122:Monster girl
5089:Supervillain
5051:Double agent
5024:Antivillains
4978:Space pirate
4911:Tricky slave
4858:Space marine
4822:Byronic hero
4804:Youngest son
4752:Classic hero
4646:
4636:at Wikiquote
4610:
4601:
4592:
4583:
4574:
4565:
4554:
4545:
4536:
4527:
4518:
4507:. Retrieved
4503:the original
4498:
4488:
4474:
4463:
4454:
4443:
4434:
4425:
4416:
4402:
4393:
4384:
4375:
4366:
4355:
4346:
4332:
4323:
4314:
4303:. Retrieved
4299:the original
4294:
4291:"Les avares"
4285:
4274:
4263:
4255:the original
4245:
4234:
4225:
4216:
4202:
4193:
4184:
4173:
4164:
4155:
4146:
4137:
4128:
4119:
4110:
4101:
4090:
4082:dodedans.com
4081:
4072:
4063:
4054:
4040:
4029:
4020:
4011:
4002:
3991:
3982:
3973:
3964:
3955:
3935:
3928:
3919:
3910:
3902:google.co.uk
3901:
3892:
3883:
3874:
3863:. Retrieved
3859:the original
3854:
3845:
3837:google.co.uk
3836:
3827:
3815:
3806:
3797:
3785:
3773:
3767:Google Books
3761:
3741:
3734:
3725:
3716:
3704:
3696:google.co.uk
3695:
3685:
3676:
3667:
3655:
3643:
3635:
3634:C. T. Hsia,
3630:
3618:
3607:
3598:
3589:
3580:
3569:
3560:
3549:
3540:
3531:
3520:. Retrieved
3516:the original
3511:
3502:
3493:
3483:
3474:
3465:
3454:
3449:
3440:
3431:
3422:
3413:
3404:
3395:
3386:
3377:
3368:
3359:
3348:
3339:
3330:
3321:
3310:
3299:
3295:
3277:
3265:
3257:google.co.uk
3256:
3246:
3235:
3231:
3223:google.co.uk
3222:
3212:
3204:google.co.uk
3203:
3182:google.co.uk
3181:
3171:
3160:
3155:
3147:google.co.uk
3146:
3137:
3129:google.co.uk
3128:
3119:
3107:
3096:
3085:
3081:
3061:
3055:
3044:
3039:
3031:google.co.uk
3030:
3020:
3009:
3004:
2996:The text is
2992:
2980:
2969:
2964:
2953:
2948:
2939:
2930:
2922:the original
2917:
2907:
2896:
2887:
2876:
2867:
2856:
2852:
2838:
2827:
2822:
2810:
2801:
2792:
2778:
2769:
2760:
2749:
2744:
2735:
2726:
2717:
2708:
2699:
2690:
2679:
2675:
2663:
2652:
2648:
2639:
2630:
2621:
2602:
2595:
2578:
2572:
2561:
2557:
2545:
2533:
2521:
2509:
2498:
2494:
2482:
2473:
2464:
2455:
2446:
2435:
2431:
2420:
2416:
2405:
2400:
2389:
2384:
2372:
2363:
2354:
2345:
2336:
2325:
2321:
2310:
2306:
2297:
2288:
2276:
2272:
2261:
2257:
2246:
2241:
2233:
2229:
2218:
2214:
2205:
2197:
2188:
2179:
2170:
2161:
2152:
2143:
2132:
2128:
2117:
2112:
2104:google.co.uk
2103:
2094:
2082:
2071:
2066:
2058:google.co.uk
2057:
2049:
2037:
2025:
2017:google.co.uk
2016:
2006:
1997:
1988:
1980:google.co.uk
1979:
1969:
1961:google.co.uk
1960:
1951:
1945:Google Books
1939:
1927:
1918:
1910:
1901:
1892:
1883:
1874:
1862:
1843:
1837:
1818:
1811:
1803:the original
1798:
1789:
1759:
1752:
1744:
1728:
1725:
1698:
1688:
1676:Paul Gavarni
1663:
1652:
1647:
1635:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1591:
1585:
1577:Pieter Quast
1569:Jan Provoost
1549:
1526:'s panel of
1521:
1506:
1494:
1479:
1471:
1463:
1459:
1448:Aurora Floyd
1439:
1430:
1418:
1416:gothic novel
1409:
1399:
1395:
1382:
1371:
1361:
1354:Frank Norris
1346:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1324:Perez Galdós
1310:
1299:Silas Marner
1297:
1294:George Eliot
1286:
1269:
1252:
1236:
1229:
1212:
1199:
1192:The Scholars
1190:
1169:
1153:
1121:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1069:
1061:
1038:
1029:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1003:
1000:John Purchas
995:
991:
985:
977:
969:
965:
957:
945:
935:
930:
926:
920:
915:
911:
909:
895:
881:
871:
853:
846:
820:
800:
796:
782:
774:
760:
754:
744:Phlyax plays
741:
731:
728:
718:
700:
687:
675:
657:
653:
649:
647:
636:
627:
616:Allan Ramsay
613:
610:
599:
585:
583:
572:
554:emblem books
551:
547:spendthrifts
540:
531:
526:
519:
512:
502:
499:Allan Ramsay
491:
475:
448:
434:
413:
403:
401:
396:
395:(IV.20) and
392:
370:
344:
338:
330:
328:
303:
298:
292:
285:
276:
265:
259:
238:
234:
228:
224:
220:
216:
202:
197:
193:
189:
185:
178:
173:
165:
157:
154:eccentricity
151:
146:
124:
109:
101:
70:
68:
58:
5834:Mole people
5677:Feral child
5559:Scaramouche
5431:Valley girl
5393:Jungle girl
5365:Dragon Lady
5342:La Ruffiana
5287:Loosu ponnu
5209:Il Capitano
4832:Tragic hero
4784:Legacy hero
4759:Action hero
4666:Miserliness
4524:"The Miser"
4495:"The Miser"
4390:"The Miser"
3920:archive.org
3304:Spring 1986
3027:"The miser"
2918:journallive
2700:archive.org
2486:Fable XIX,
2281:13 Feb 2009
2277:China Daily
2266:vol.1, p.81
2206:archive.org
2189:archive.org
1998:archive.org
1919:archive.org
1902:archive.org
1695:Philip Dawe
1668:Jan Lievens
1550:The Gospel
1167:Ainsworth's
1113:Grandmesnil
1042:Samuel Wale
954:Paul Duport
886:(1606). In
771:Marin Držić
767:Renaissance
437:Renaissance
352:Hetty Green
315:bric-a-brac
5908:Categories
5869:Town drunk
5818:Innamorati
5518:Final girl
5500:Gamer girl
5203:Il Dottore
5175:Folk devil
5117:Killer toy
5112:Evil clown
5032:False hero
4973:Air pirate
4935:Pulcinella
4509:2014-08-22
4305:2013-05-08
4165:artnet.com
3865:2014-08-20
3807:shef.ac.uk
3522:2013-03-19
2682:Volume 2,
2585:. p.
2120:for 1788,
1931:Chapter 5
1829:1861525893
1781:References
1636:The Misers
1581:hour-glass
1537:Jan Matsys
1466:(1888) by
1421:(1800) by
1352:(1899) by
1274:(1846) by
1257:(1843) by
1241:(1842) by
1217:(1833) by
1204:(1830) by
1099:Molière's
878:Ben Jonson
843:Ben Jonson
779:Ben Jonson
478:Anne Finch
331:Memoir of
262:Jemmy Wood
205:John Elwes
18:Cheapskate
5879:Truck-kun
5783:Barbarian
5717:Otokonoko
5670:Primitive
5546:Harlequin
5537:Masculine
5492:Geek girl
5477:Columbina
5413:Queen bee
5199:Pantalone
5170:Archenemy
5079:Dark lord
5061:Terrorist
5056:Evil twin
4927:Brighella
4923:Harlequin
4901:Trickster
4848:Cyberhero
4827:Man alone
4799:Superhero
4774:Folk hero
4719:Archetype
4611:gla.ac.uk
4559:Wikimedia
4268:Wikimedia
3996:Wikimedia
3821:Gutenberg
3624:pp.94-103
3554:Wikimedia
3475:vam.ac.uk
3101:Wikimedia
2861:pp. 330–3
2657:pp.304-11
2513:Fable XC
2456:upenn.edu
2376:Tale 78,
2122:pp.510-11
1613:Jan Steen
1609:Rembrandt
1381:'s novel
1370:'s opera
1312:Kidnapped
1296:'s novel
1048:pictured
860:Columbina
821:The Miser
805:The Miser
762:Aulularia
691:folk song
678:broadside
658:The Miser
441:Neo-Latin
348:intestate
323:Edinburgh
306:broadside
221:The World
5864:Tokenism
5854:Sidekick
5844:Redshirt
5839:Pop icon
5656:Bishōnen
5628:Nice guy
5375:Tsundere
5327:Cat lady
5247:Feminine
5137:Vampires
5127:Skeleton
5099:Monsters
5015:Villains
4814:Antihero
4769:Everyman
4064:bible.cc
3285:Archived
3065:. 1984.
3049:pp.331-2
3014:pp.141-7
2816:pp.187-9
2802:vwml.org
2770:yale.edu
2503:pp. 37–9
2251:pp.12-14
2223:pp.14-15
2135:1, 1829
2088:pp.454-6
1592:avaritia
1513:Sassetta
1478:created
1462:(1886);
1372:McTeague
1348:McTeague
1317:Jacobite
1126:painted
845:'s play
708:Carlisle
562:trencher
487:John Gay
418:Al-Jāḥiẓ
310:Stirling
227:and the
200:(1850).
5737:Pachuco
5729:Bad boy
5687:Caveman
5554:Pierrot
5459:Laotong
5454:Class S
5297:Catgirl
5282:Ingénue
5262:Bishōjo
5195:Vecchio
5142:Zombies
4958:Bad boy
4939:Pierrot
4933:,
4931:Scapino
4929:,
4925:,
4794:Paladin
3967:. 1890.
3922:. 1863.
3886:. 1813.
3459:pp.38-9
3149:. 1777.
3131:. 1729.
3113:YouTube
2958:pp.25-7
2702:. 1831.
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