4046:
ought). The sizes are 00, 000, 0000 which are usually referred to as two ought, three ought, and four ought. Most eyeglasses have the bows screwed to the frame with 00-72 (pronounced double ought β seventy two) size screws. To calculate the major diameter of "ought" size screws count the number of 0's and multiply this number by 0.013 and subtract from 0.060. For example, the major diameter of a 000-72 screw thread is .060 β (3 x .013) = 0.060 β 0.039 = .021 inches. For most size screws there are multiple TPI available, with the most common being designated a
Unified Coarse Thread (UNC or UN) and Unified Fine Thread (UNF or UF). Note: In countries other than the United States and Canada, the ISO Metric Screw Thread System is primarily used today. Unlike most other countries the United States and Canada still use the Unified (Inch) Thread System. However, both are moving over to the ISO Metric System. It is estimated that approximately 60% of screw threads in use in the United States are still inch based.
4080:. Proof strength is the usable strength of the fastener. Tension testing of a bolt up to the proof load should not cause permanent set of the bolt and should be conducted on actual fasteners rather than calculated. If a bolt is tensioned beyond the proof load, it may behave in plastic manner due to yielding in the threads and the tension preload may be lost due to the permanent plastic deformations. When elongating a fastener prior to reaching the yield point, the fastener is said to be operating in the elastic region; whereas elongation beyond the yield point is referred to as operating in the plastic region of the bolt material. If a bolt is loaded in tension beyond its proof strength, the yielding at the net root section of the bolt will continue until the entire section begins to yield and it has exceeded its yield strength. If tension increases, the bolt fractures at its ultimate strength.
606:
were made by hand, with a series of files, chisels, and other cutting tools, and these can be spotted easily by noting the irregular spacing and shape of the threads, as well as file marks remaining on the head of the screw and in the area between threads. Many of these screws had a blunt end, completely lacking the sharp tapered point on nearly all modern wood screws. Some wood screws were made with cutting dies as early as the late 1700s (possibly even before 1678 when the book content was first published in parts). Eventually, lathes were used to manufacture wood screws, with the earliest patent being recorded in 1760 in
England. During the 1850s,
983:
995:
3473:, each requiring a different kind of tool to drive in or extract them. The most common screw drives are the slotted and Phillips in the US; hex, Robertson, and Torx are also common in some applications, and Pozidriv has almost completely replaced Phillips in Europe. Some types of drive are intended for automatic assembly in mass-production of such items as automobiles. More exotic screw drive types may be used in situations where tampering is undesirable, such as in electronic appliances that should not be serviced by the home repair person.
2770:
4115:
internal thread or forming its own thread, and of being tightened or released by torquing the head. An externally threaded fastener which is prevented from being turned during assembly and which can be tightened or released only by torquing a nut is a bolt. (Example: round head bolts, track bolts, plow bolts.) An externally threaded fastener that has thread form which prohibits assembly with a nut having a straight thread of multiple pitch length is a screw. (Example: wood screws, tapping screws.)
2831:
2542:
392:β for the manufacture of blunt metal screws. An expert in screw manufacture, Thomas Lever, was brought over from England to run the factory. The mill used steam and water power, with hardwood charcoal as fuel. The screws were made from wire prepared by "rolling and wire drawing apparatus" from iron manufactured at a nearby forge. The screw mill was not a commercial success; it eventually failed due to competition from the lower-cost, gimlet-pointed screw, and ceased operations in 1836.
2991:
2454:
2363:
1561:
1507:
1539:
1451:
1395:
1341:
1373:
198:
1523:
1795:
1357:
783:
1577:
1467:
2922:
2877:
2357:
2300:
2255:
1411:
1276:
1236:
1196:
1156:
1118:
50:
4761:
4754:
2708:
2647:
2086:
2041:
482:
58:
350:(1771β1831) gained fame by popularizing such lathes with his screw-cutting lathes of 1797 and 1800, containing the trifecta of leadscrew, slide rest, and change-gear gear train, all in the right proportions for industrial machining. In a sense he unified the paths of the Wyatts and Ramsden and did for machine screws what had already been done for wood screws, i.e., significant easing of production spurring
4097:
810:
701:
1617:
3523:
828:
475:
614:
shank. Such screws are best installed after drilling a pilot hole with a tapered drill bit. The majority of modern wood screws, except for those made of brass, are formed on thread rolling machines. These screws have a constant diameter and threads with a larger diameter than the shank and are stronger because the rolling process does not cut the grain of the metal.
637:
327:
and running. Their enterprise failed, but new owners soon made it prosper, and in the 1780s they were producing 16,000 screws a day with only 30 employeesβthe kind of industrial productivity and output volume that would later become characteristic of modern industry but which was revolutionary at the time.
4071:
divided by 100. The number after the point is the multiplier ratio of yield strength to ultimate tensile strength. For example, a property class 5.8 bolt has a nominal (minimum) ultimate tensile strength of 500 MPa, and a tensile yield strength of 0.8 times ultimate tensile strength or 0.8 (500)
613:
Once screw turning machines were in common use, most commercially available wood screws were produced with this method. These cut wood screws are almost invariably tapered, and even when the tapered shank is not obvious, they can be discerned because the threads do not extend past the diameter of the
605:
A wood screw is a metal screw used to fix wood, with a sharp point and a tapered thread designed to cut its own thread into the wood. Some screws are driven into intact wood; larger screws are usually driven into a hole narrower than the screw thread, and cut the thread in the wood. Early wood screws
581:
Threaded fasteners either have a tapered shank or a non-tapered shank. Fasteners with tapered shanks are designed to either be driven into a substrate directly or into a pilot hole in a substrate, and most are classed as screws. Mating threads are formed in the substrate as these fasteners are driven
3913:
British
Association (BA) screw threads, named after the British Association for Advancement of Science, were devised in 1884 and standardised in 1903. Screws were described as "2BA", "4BA" etc., the odd numbers being rarely used, except in equipment made prior to the 1970s for telephone exchanges in
3992:
BA threads are extensively used in Model
Engineering where the smaller hex head sizes make scale fastenings easier to represent. As a result, many UK Model Engineering suppliers still carry stocks of BA fasteners up to typically 8BA and 10BA. 5BA is also commonly used as it can be threaded onto 1/8
660:
inch (6.35 mm) in diameter) threaded the entire length of its shank that usually has a recessed drive type (slotted, Phillips, etc.), usually intended to screw into a pre-formed thread, either a nut or a threaded (tapped) hole, unlike a wood or self-tapping screw. Machine screws are also made
326:
of an early and prescient sort. It made use of a leadscrew to guide the cutter to produce the desired pitch, and the slot was cut with a rotary file while the main spindle held still (presaging live tools on lathes 250 years later). Not until 1776 did the Wyatt brothers have a wood-screw factory up
3988:
BA threads are still common in some niche applications. Certain types of fine machinery, such as moving-coil meters and clocks, tend to have BA threads wherever they are manufactured. BA sizes were also used extensively in aircraft, especially those manufactured in the United
Kingdom. BA sizing is
3890:
thread, which for small cameras is 1/4" Whitworth (20 tpi) and for medium/large format cameras is 3/8" Whitworth (16 tpi). It is also used for microphone stands and their appropriate clips, again in both sizes, along with "thread adapters" to allow the smaller size to attach to items requiring the
3621:
The nominal diameter of a metric screw is the outer diameter of the thread. The tapped hole (or nut) into which the screw fits, has an internal diameter which is the size of the screw minus the pitch of the thread. Thus, an M6 screw, which has a pitch of 1 mm, is made by threading a 6 mm
796:
Bone screws have the medical use of securing broken bones in living humans and animals. As with aerospace and nuclear power, medical use involves some of the highest technology for fasteners; excellent performance, longevity, and quality are required, and reflected in prices. Bone screws are often
4114:
A bolt is an externally threaded fastener designed for insertion through holes in assembled parts, and is normally intended to be tightened or released by torquing a nut. A screw is an externally threaded fastener capable of being inserted into holes in assembled parts, of mating with a preformed
4075:
Ultimate tensile strength is the tensile stress at which the bolt fails. Tensile yield strength is the stress at which the bolt will yield in tension across the entire section of the bolt and receive a permanent set (an elongation from which it will not recover when the force is removed) of 0.2%
3917:
While not related to ISO metric screws, the sizes were actually defined in metric terms, a 0BA thread having a 6 mm diameter and 1 mm pitch. Other threads in the BA series are related to 0BA in a geometric series with the common factors 0.9 and 1.2. For example, a 4BA thread has pitch
4045:
is used, ranging from 0 to 16. The integer sizes can be converted to the actual diameter by using the formula 0.060 + (0.013 × number). For example, a #4 screw is 0.060 + (0.013 × 4) = 0.060 + 0.052 = 0.112 inches in diameter. There are also screw sizes smaller than "0" (zero or
754:
The head is typically an external hex. Metric hex-headed lag screws are covered by DIN 571. Inch square-headed and hex-headed lag screws are covered by ASME B18.2.1. A typical lag screw can range in diameter from 4 to 20 mm or #10 to 1.25 in (4.83 to 31.75 mm), and lengths from 16 to
530:
of the screw. The shape of the die in the machine dictates what features are pressed into the screw head; for example a flat head screw uses a flat die. For more complicated shapes two heading processes are required to get all of the features into the screw head. This production method is used
4087:
The same type of screw or bolt can be made in many different grades of material. For critical high-tensile-strength applications, low-grade bolts may fail, resulting in damage or injury. On SAE-standard bolts, a distinctive pattern of marking is impressed on the heads to allow inspection and
1732:
There are many standards governing the material and mechanical properties of imperial sized externally threaded fasteners. Some of the most common consensus standards for grades produced from carbon steels are ASTM A193, ASTM A307, ASTM A354, ASTM F3125, and SAE J429. Some of the most common
3914:
the UK. This equipment made extensive use of odd-numbered BA screws, in orderβit may be suspectedβto reduce theft. BA threads are specified by
British Standard BS 93:1951 "Specification for British Association (B.A.) screw threads with tolerances for sizes 0 B.A. to 16 B.A."
418:
and served most applications adequately. Rybczynski describes a flurry of patents for alternative drive types in the 1860s through 1890s, but explains that these were patented but not manufactured due to the difficulties and expense of doing so at the time. In 1908, Canadian
4083:
Mild steel bolts have property class 4.6, which is 400 MPa ultimate strength and 0.6*400=240 MPa yield strength. High-strength steel bolts have property class 8.8, which is 800 MPa ultimate strength and 0.8*800=640 MPa yield strength or above.
3878:
was 55Β°, and the depth and pitch varied with the diameter of the thread (i.e., the bigger the bolt, the coarser the thread). Spanners for
Whitworth bolts are marked with the size of the bolt, not the distance across the flats of the screw head.
214:
3422:
423:
was the first to make the internal-wrenching square socket drive a practical reality by developing just the right design (slight taper angles and overall proportions) to allow the head to be stamped easily but successfully, with the metal
4092:
fasteners may be found with actual strength far less than indicated by the markings. Such inferior fasteners are a danger to life and property when used in aircraft, automobiles, heavy trucks, and similar critical applications.
38:
4936:
835:
There are a variety of screw head shapes. A few varieties of screw are manufactured with a break-away head, which snaps off when adequate torque is applied, to prevent removal after fitting, often to avoid tampering.
1057:
The international standards for metric externally threaded fasteners are ISO 898-1 for property classes produced from carbon steels and ISO 3506-1 for property classes produced from corrosion resistant steels.
91:. The most common uses of screws are to hold objects together and there are many forms for a variety of materials. Screws might be inserted into holes in assembled parts or a screw may form its own thread. The
751:. However, based on tradition many tradesmen continue to refer to them as "bolts", because, like head bolts, they are large, with hex or square heads that require a wrench, socket, or specialized bit to turn.
457:
Precision screws, for controlling motion rather than fastening, developed around the turn of the 19th century, and represented one of the central technical advances, along with flat surfaces, that enabled the
765:
to 6 in (6.35 to 152.40 mm) or longer, with the coarse threads of a wood-screw or sheet-metal-screw threadform (but larger). The materials are usually carbon steel substrate with a coating of zinc
4054:
The numbers stamped on the head of the bolt are referred to the grade of the bolt used in certain application with the strength of a bolt. High-strength steel bolts usually have a hexagonal head with an
4063:) stamped on the head. And the absence of marking/number indicates a lower grade bolt with low strength. The property classes most often used are 5.8, 8.8, and 10.9. The number before the point is the
628:
A self-tapping screw is designed to cut its own thread, usually in a fairly soft metal or plastic, in the same way as a wood screw (wood screws are actually self-tapping, but not referred to as such).
731:(Scandinavia) are large wood screws. Lag screws are used to lag together lumber framing, to lag machinery feet to wood floors, and for other heavy carpentry applications. The attributive modifier
4368:
3633:
ISO 4014, ISO 4017, and ISO 4032. The following table lists the relationship given in these standards between the thread size and the maximum width across the hexagonal flats (wrench size):
797:
made of relatively non-reactive stainless steel or titanium, and they often have advanced features such as conical threads, multistart threads, cannulation (hollow core), and proprietary
3427:
3426:
3423:
3428:
3951:
673:. In 1991, responding to an influx of counterfeit fasteners, Congress passed PL 101-592, the "Fastener Quality Act". As a result, the ASME B18 committee re-wrote B18.2.1, renaming
3983:
531:
because heading has a very high production rate, and produces virtually no waste material. Slotted head screws require an extra step to cut the slot in the head; this is done on a
3590:
and preferred combinations of diameter and pitch are listed in ISO 261. The smaller subset of diameter and pitch combinations commonly used in screws, nuts and bolts is given in
369:
began almost immediately, but it was not quickly completed; it has been an evolving process ever since. Further improvements to the mass production of screws continued to push
4944:
300:, a manuscript written sometime between 1475 and 1490. However they probably did not become widespread until after 1800, once threaded fasteners had become commodified.
684:
Lug bolt and head bolts are other terms that refer to fasteners that are designed to be threaded into a tapped hole that is in part of the assembly and so based on the
365:
These developments of the 1760β1800 era, with the Wyatts and
Maudslay as arguably the most important drivers, caused great increase in the use of threaded fasteners.
451:. Phillips screws and screwdrivers are to some extent compatible with those for the newer types, but with the risk of damaging the heads of tightly fastened screws.
3425:
4056:
3866:. Whitworth screw sizes are still used, both for repairing old machinery and where a coarser thread than the metric fastener thread is required. Whitworth became
3841:
Bear in mind that these are just examples and the width across flats is different for structural bolts, flanged bolts, and also varies by standards organization.
3630:
957:
A flanged head can be based on any non-countersunk head style, with the addition of an integrated flange at the base of the head that eliminates the need for a
4142:
standards defined cap screws as fasteners with shanks that were threaded to the head and bolts as fasteners with shanks that were partially unthreaded. The
5434:
597:
Sheet-metal screws do not have the chip-clearing flute of self-tapping screws. However, some wholesale vendors do not distinguish between the two kinds.
4788:
982:
443:, with a cross-shaped internal drive. Later improved -head screws were developed, more compatible with screwdrivers not of the exactly right head size:
681: – a term that had existed in common usage long before, but was now also being codified as an official name for the ASME B18 standard.
610:
tools were developed to provide a more uniform and consistent thread. Screws made with these tools have rounded valleys with sharp and rough threads.
389:
303:
Metal screws used as fasteners were rare in Europe before the 15th century, if known at all. The metal screw did not become a common fastener until
4143:
3602:
variants are also specified, for special applications such as threads in thin-walled pipes. ISO metric screw threads are designated by the letter
582:
in. Fasteners with a non-tapered shank are generally designed to mate with a nut or to be driven into a tapped hole, and most would be classed as
5489:
5385:
5595:
4572:
3424:
3408:
454:
Threadform standardization further improved in the late 1940s, when the ISO metric screw thread and the
Unified Thread Standard were defined.
5816:
5780:
5677:
4991:
4694:
4303:
4276:
4243:
4023:
is the nominal size (the hole or slot size in standard manufacturing practice through which the shank of the screw can easily be pushed) and
339:
3454:
are used to ensure sufficient but not excessive force is developed by the screw. The hand tool for driving hex head threaded fasteners is a
895:
A screw with a flat head that requires countersinking so that it can be driven with the head flush with the surface it is screwed into. The
5652:. An Informed Compliance Publication (2011-02 ed.). Washington, D.C., USA: U.S. Customs and Border Protection Agency (CBP). July 2012.
5518:
5111:
994:
3985: mm (3.62 mm). Although 0BA has the same diameter and pitch as ISO M6, the threads have different forms and are not compatible.
403:
derived from it (1870s) drastically reduced the unit cost of threaded fasteners by increasingly automating the machine-tool control. This
4907:
5183:
4405:
591:
914:
A decorative screw head with a countersunk bottom and rounded top. Also known as "raised countersunk" or "instrument head" in the UK.
5840:
5756:
5737:
5415:
5311:
4532:
4502:
4469:
4432:
3908:
3570:
3496:
311:
developed toward the end of the 18th century. This development blossomed in the 1760s and 1770s. along two separate paths that soon
5871:
514:
for larger screws. The wire or rod is then cut to the proper length for the type of screw being made; this workpiece is known as a
428:
as desired rather than being sheared or displaced in unwanted ways. Practical manufacture of the internal-wrenching hexagon drive (
5566:
5007:
4319:
385:
screws or bolts (V-thread) with easy selection among various pitches (whatever the machinist happened to need on any given day).
4878:
3450:
may also be used with screw-driving attachments. Where the holding power of the screwed joint is critical, torque-measuring and
377:
screws (metal screws for fixing wood) in a specialized, single-purpose, high-volume-production machine tool; and the low-count,
5624:
4522:
4139:
5251:
3548:
924:
Similar to countersunk, but there is a smooth progression from the shank to the angle of the head, similar to the bell of a
5060:
647:
standards specify a variety of machine screws (aka stove bolts) in diameters ranging up to 0.75 in (19.05 mm).
4395:
3622:
shank, and the nut or threaded hole is made by tapping threads into a hole of 5 mm diameter (6 mm β 1 mm).
1021:
on the underside. This is most relevant to flat heads, which can be driven flush with the surface they are screwed into.
571:
42:
297:
5886:
3850:
3492:
3401:
3618:(e.g. "M8Γ1" if the screw thread has an outer diameter of 8 mm and advances by 1 mm per 360Β° rotation).
4177:
4064:
1753:
489:
312:
62:
5351:
535:. These machines are essentially stripped down milling machines designed to process as many blanks as possible.
414:) were simple internal-wrenching straight slots and external-wrenching squares and hexagons. These were easy to
3533:
669:
ASME standard B18.2.1-1996 specifies hex cap screws whose size range is 0.25β3 in (6.35β76.20 mm) in
5431:
4106:
4002:
3921:
3892:
3552:
3537:
3512:
3500:
3488:
2769:
1662:
3956:
3874:(BSF) thread was introduced in 1908 because the Whitworth thread was too coarse for some applications. The
159:. Screws with a left-hand thread are used in exceptional cases, such as where the screw will be subject to
110:
slot that commonly requires a tool to transfer the twisting force. Common tools for driving screws include
4895:
4135:
3584:
3544:
519:
31:
5907:
3394:
459:
5649:
1733:
consensus standards for grades produced from corrosion resistant steels are ASTM F593 & ASTM A193.
5497:
4015:
and occasionally in other countries. The size of a UTS screw is described using the following format:
388:
In 1821 Hardman
Philips built the first screw factory in the United States β on Moshannon Creek, near
5912:
5771:
5286:
3887:
3382:
3377:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3310:
3305:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3254:
3249:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3141:
3136:
3121:
3008:
798:
411:
5603:
5374:
4579:
2830:
2541:
550:
with wood and leather media to do final cleaning and polishing. For most screws, a coating, such as
3615:
3491:
preferred series has displaced the many older systems. Other relatively common systems include the
3470:
771:
463:
343:
107:
3989:
still used in railway signalling, mainly for the termination of electrical equipment and cabling.
2990:
2453:
4852:
925:
770:(for corrosion resistance). The zinc coating may be bright yellow (electroplated), or dull gray (
623:
335:
140:). The cylindrical portion of the screw from the underside of the head to the tip is called the
2362:
1560:
1506:
1538:
1450:
1394:
1340:
5836:
5812:
5794:
5786:
5776:
5766:
5752:
5733:
5714:
5706:
5673:
5650:"What Every Member of the Trade Community Should Know About: Distinguishing Bolts from Screws"
5456:
5411:
5115:
4987:
4981:
4838:
4690:
4528:
4498:
4465:
4461:
4428:
4401:
4299:
4293:
4272:
4239:
4159:
1372:
791:
436:
277:
270:
234:
218:
5866:
4915:
4684:
4422:
4266:
3614:(e.g. 1.25 mm in the case of M8), then the pitch in millimeters is also appended with a
3487:
There are many systems for specifying the dimensions of screws, but in much of the world the
4449:
4345:
4233:
4028:
3863:
1522:
782:
547:
538:
The blanks are then polished again prior to threading. The threads are usually produced via
253:. The screw was one of the last of the simple machines to be invented. It first appeared in
197:
171:
1794:
1356:
5902:
5438:
3372:
1576:
1466:
583:
420:
400:
351:
323:
308:
242:
182:
178:
144:; it may be fully or partially threaded with the distance between each thread called the
128:
4494:
4146:
made an effort to formalize the difference between a bolt and a screw, because different
373:
lower and lower for decades to come, throughout the 19th century. The mass production of
2921:
2876:
2356:
2299:
2254:
1410:
1275:
1235:
1195:
1155:
1117:
5687:
5011:
4524:
Groundbreaking scientific experiments, inventions, and discoveries of the ancient world
4077:
3896:
1765:
1088:
551:
543:
539:
440:
347:
266:
238:
222:
100:
80:
73:
49:
5878:
article section on screws and screw fastener technology developed during World War Two
5574:
5220:
2707:
2646:
2085:
2040:
747:
criteria, and the obsolescent term "lag bolt" has been replaced by "lag screw" in the
57:
5896:
5881:
5826:
5404:
4882:
4450:
4268:
Right Hand, Left Hand: The Origins of Asymmetry in Brains, Bodies, Atoms and Cultures
4008:
2245:
767:
362:
the slide rest, but this was incorrect; however, his lathes helped to popularize it.
355:
354:. His firm remained a leader in machine tools for decades afterward. A misquoting of
331:
319:
276:(428β350 BC). By the 1st century BC, wooden screws were commonly used throughout the
262:
246:
202:
167:
132:
and keeps the screw from being driven deeper than its length; an exception being the
2886:
Medium carbon boron martensitic steel; fully kilned, fine grain, quench and tempered
249:, and many kinds of binding with cord made of leather or fiber, using many kinds of
4171:
3875:
3482:
740:
523:
425:
404:
396:
366:
304:
258:
17:
4096:
410:
Throughout the 19th century, the most commonly used forms of screw head (that is,
5856:
5830:
5727:
5691:
5667:
5542:
5033:"Mechanical properties of bolts, screws, and studs according DIN-ISO 898, part 1"
4487:
4323:
342:
end of the screw-cutting problem, and in 1777 he invented the first satisfactory
5287:"ASTM, SAE and ISO grade markings and mechanical properties for steel fasteners"
4457:
4165:
4089:
3883:
3522:
3447:
3438:
1018:
958:
661:
with socket heads (see above), often referred to as socket-head machine screws.
559:
555:
481:
293:
281:
254:
186:
166:, which would tend to loosen a right-hand screw. For this reason, the left-side
111:
5747:
Oberg, Erik; Jones, Franklin D.; Horton, Holbrook L.; Ryffel, Henry H. (2000).
1616:
827:
809:
4235:
What Every Engineer Should Know about Threaded Fasteners: Materials and Design
4068:
1545:
1379:
1052:
370:
289:
137:
88:
5798:
5336:
Other markings may be used to denote atmospheric corrosion resistant material
4725:
4041:
inch and larger the size is given as a fraction; for sizes less than this an
4806:
4183:
2928:
2548:
2369:
700:
590:) and some authorities would treat some as screws when they are used with a
511:
415:
285:
213:
206:
160:
152:
3764:
In addition, the following non-preferred intermediate sizes are specified:
5718:
5162:
5139:
5083:
4452:
Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: The Archaeological Evidence
636:
474:
5861:
4789:"Faster Superstore catalog of sheet-metal screws and self-tapping screws"
3859:
3587:
724:
688:
distinction they would be screws. Here common terms are at variance with
670:
448:
444:
378:
273:
123:
96:
76:
27:
Type of fastener characterized by a thread wrapped around a cylinder core
5032:
4896:
B18.2.1 - 1996 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws, Inch Series - Print-Book
4042:
3899:
is reduced by the different thread angles of 60Β° and 55Β° respectively.
3856:
3626:
3591:
3264:
3259:
1048:
743:
and other similar parts. These fasteners are "screws" according to the
736:
607:
587:
429:
53:
A wood screw: a) head; b) non-threaded shank; c) threaded shank; d) tip
5451:
3432:
An electric driver screws a self-tapping phillips head screw into wood
322:, UK, who patented in 1760 a machine that one might today best call a
4147:
4012:
735:
came from an early principal use of such fasteners: the fastening of
163:
115:
84:
3583:
The basic principles of the ISO metric screw thread are defined in
848:
A low disc with a rounded, high outer edge with large surface area.
4095:
3606:
followed by the major diameter of the thread in millimetres (e.g.
3420:
1735:
1060:
826:
808:
781:
699:
635:
480:
318:
The first path was pioneered by brothers Job and William Wyatt of
230:
212:
196:
119:
48:
37:
36:
5772:
One Good Turn: A Natural History of the Screwdriver and the Screw
5705:. Jenkintown, Pennsylvania, USA: Standard Pressed Steel Company.
4807:"Observations on the Development of Wood Screws in North America"
4110:
describes the distinction between bolts and screws as follows:
1739:
Head markings and properties for inch-system hex-head cap screws
971:
Hex shaped, similar to the head of a hex bolt. Sometimes flanged.
650:
A machine screw or bolt is usually a smaller fastener (less than
5790:
5710:
5410:(5 ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. Chapter 1 page 10.
4881:. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Archived from
4120:
3315:
3300:
900:
644:
507:
250:
5703:
How a Farm Boy Built a Successful Corporation: An Autobiography
4007:
The Unified Thread Standard (UTS) is most commonly used in the
3882:
The most common use of a Whitworth pitch nowadays is in all UK
3855:
The first person to create a standard (in about 1841) was the
3594:. The most commonly used pitch value for each diameter is the
3516:
95:
is that the latter is designed to be tightened or released by
5832:
Carroll Smith's Nuts, Bolts, Fasteners, and Plumbing Handbook
4760:
Henry F. Phillips and Thomas M. Fitzpatrick, "Screw driver,"
831:
Combination flanged-hex/Phillips-head screw used in computers
126:. The head is usually larger than the body, which provide a
4686:
Centre County: From Its Earliest Settlement to the Year 1915
1064:
Head markings and properties for metric hex-head cap screws
3000:
Atmospheric corrosion resistant steel; quench and tempered
1570:
Atmospheric corrosion resistant steel; quench and tempered
1532:
Atmospheric corrosion resistant steel; quench and tempered
1404:
Atmospheric corrosion resistant steel; quench and tempered
1366:
Atmospheric corrosion resistant steel; quench and tempered
229:
Fasteners had become widespread involving concepts such as
92:
5693:
American Machinists' Handbook and Dictionary of Shop Terms
4088:
validation of the strength of the bolt. However, low-cost
2463:
Atmospheric corrosion resistant steel; quench and tempered
5803:
Various republications (paperback, e-book, braille, etc).
786:
Implant that has been used for fixation of a broken wrist
4708:
4706:
4654:
4652:
1205:
Low or medium carbon steel; fully or partially annealed
30:
This article is about the fastener. For other uses, see
3436:
The hand tool used to drive in most screws is called a
5476:
4964:
4865:
4753:
Henry F. Phillips and Thomas M. Fitzpatrick, "Screw,"
4207:
3960:
3925:
3629:
bolts, screws and nuts are specified, for example, in
1626:
Stainless steel with 17β19% chromium and 8β13% nickel
715:(UK, Australia, and New Zealand) (also referred to as
3959:
3924:
5452:"SAE Standards for Mobility Knowledge and Solutions"
5402:
Brenner, Harry S. (1977). Parmley, Robert O. (ed.).
4627:
4625:
4623:
947:
Cylindrical, but with a slightly convex top surface.
801:
types, some not seen outside of these applications.
4397:
Academic Press Dictionary of Science and Technology
5629:Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia
5403:
4825:Mechanic Exercises: Or the Doctrine of Handy-Works
4764:(filed: January 15, 1935; issued: July 7, 1936).
4757:(filed: January 15, 1935; issued: July 7, 1936).
4486:
4347:Physics for Technical Students: Mechanics and Heat
3977:
3945:
288:from olives and for pressing juice from grapes in
5751:(26th ed.). New York: Industrial Press Inc.
2347:Low carbon martensitic steel; quench and tempered
2309:Low carbon martensitic steel; quench and tempered
885:Lower-profile dome designed to prevent tampering.
4527:. USA: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 114.
494:There are three steps in manufacturing a screw:
261:period (911-609) BC, and then later appeared in
4986:(3rd ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 205.
4427:. USA: Twenty-First Century Books. p. 58.
4375:. Vol. 3. John Donaldson. 1773. p. 44
4112:
2934:Medium carbon alloy steel; quench and tempered
2264:Low or medium carbon steel; quench and tempered
209:and change gears for single-point screw-cutting
4400:. Gulf Professional Publishing. p. 1993.
2717:Medium carbon alloy steel; quench and tempered
2656:Medium carbon alloy steel; quench and tempered
2554:Medium carbon alloy steel; quench and tempered
5811:(23rd ed.). New York: Industrial Press.
5157:
5155:
5134:
5132:
4485:Bunch, Bryan H.; Alexander Hellemans (2004).
3402:
510:, which is supplied in large coils, or round
8:
5602:. Cambridge University Press. Archived from
5496:. Cambridge University Press. Archived from
5246:
5244:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5236:
5055:
5053:
5051:
4424:Ancient Machines: From Wedges to Waterwheels
4123:B18.2.1 and some dictionary definitions for
3598:. For some diameters, one or two additional
1516:Low carbon boron steel; quench and tempered
1460:Low carbon boron steel; quench and tempered
1350:Low carbon boron steel; quench and tempered
79:capable of being tightened or released by a
5346:
5344:
5342:
5281:
5279:
5277:
5275:
5273:
5271:
5269:
5267:
5215:
5213:
5211:
5209:
5207:
5205:
5203:
5201:
5199:
4975:
4973:
4521:Krebs, Robert E.; Carolyn A. Krebs (2003).
3551:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3442:. A power tool that does the same job is a
1688:304 stainless steel-class 70 (cold worked)
245:(with or without clenching the nail ends),
5867:Imperial/Metric fastening sizes comparison
5406:Standard Handbook of Fastening and Joining
4775:
4712:
4670:
4658:
4643:
4631:
4614:
4602:
4559:
4547:
4180: β Process of creating a screw thread
3886:. Additionally, the standard photographic
3870:, abbreviated to BSW (BS 84:1956) and the
3409:
3395:
3112:
5666:Bickford, John H.; Nassar, Sayed (1998).
5441:", Chilton DIY, Retrieved April 26, 2016.
5332:
5330:
4738:
4174: β Rod with ridges wrapped around it
3968:
3958:
3936:
3923:
3895:bolts fit 1/4" BSW camera tripod bushes,
3610:). If the thread does not use the normal
3571:Learn how and when to remove this message
2095:Medium carbon steel; quench and tempered
1420:Medium carbon steel; quench and tempered
1385:Medium carbon steel; quench and tempered
1285:Medium carbon steel; quench and tempered
358:popularized the notion that Maudslay had
5494:Cambridge Dictionary of American English
5252:"Hardware, bulk β Technical information"
5106:
5104:
5102:
5100:
5078:
5076:
5061:"Bolt grade markings and strength chart"
4271:. Harvard University Press. p. 46.
3766:
3635:
2375:Medium carbon steel; quench and tempered
2176:Medium carbon steel; quench and tempered
1245:Low or medium carbon steel; cold worked
586:, although some are thread-forming (eg.
473:
56:
5600:Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary
4200:
4144:federal government of the United States
3469:Modern screws employ a wide variety of
3349:
3323:
3292:
3241:
3210:
3149:
3128:
3120:
3082:
3077:
2978:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2961:
1805:Strength and hardness is not specified
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
978:
875:A dome-shaped head used for decoration.
405:cost reduction spurred ever greater use
5807:Ryffel, Henry H.; et al. (1988).
5306:
5304:
5302:
4683:J. Thomas Mitchell (3 February 2009).
4493:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp.
4421:Woods, Michael; Mary B. Woods (2000).
4100:Differentiation between bolt and screw
3946:{\displaystyle \scriptstyle p=0.9^{4}}
5835:. MotorBooks/MBI Publishing Company.
5432:How to Recognize Metric and SAE Bolts
4800:
4798:
4489:The history of science and technology
4344:Anderson, William Ballantyne (1914).
4219:
4168: β Tools to create screw threads
3978:{\displaystyle \scriptstyle 6p^{1.2}}
3953: mm (0.65 mm) and diameter
3043:
2329:
1631:
93:difference between a screw and a bolt
7:
5701:Hallowell, Howard Thomas Sr (1951).
5221:"Grade Markings: Carbon Steel Bolts"
4350:. New York: McGraw Hill. p. 112
4119:This distinction is consistent with
3891:larger thread. Note that while 1/4"
3549:adding citations to reliable sources
330:Meanwhile, English instrument-maker
5862:NASA-RP-1228 Fastener Design Manual
5669:Handbook of bolts and bolted joints
5625:"How to use tools and make repairs"
4448:Moorey, Peter Roger Stuart (1999).
4238:. Taylor & Francis. p. 9.
3466:is used with a power screw driver.
562:, is applied to prevent corrosion.
4879:"Text of the Fastener Quality Act"
4689:. Penn State Press. pp. 39β.
4011:, but is also extensively used in
25:
5729:Basic Principles for Construction
5571:Compact Oxford English Dictionary
5547:Merriam Webster Online Dictionary
5391:from the original on Feb 2, 2023.
5352:"FastenalTechnicalReferenceGuide"
5312:"Fastener identification marking"
4298:. Industrial Press. p. 200.
3909:British Association screw threads
1993:Medium carbon steel; cold worked
1586:Alloy steel; quench and tempered
1551:Alloy steel; quench and tempered
1476:Alloy steel; quench and tempered
704:Lag screw, also called a lag bolt
292:. The first documentation of the
5690:; Stanley, Frank Arthur (1914).
3903:British Association screw thread
3521:
2989:
2920:
2875:
2829:
2768:
2706:
2645:
2540:
2452:
2361:
2355:
2298:
2253:
2084:
2050:Medium carbon steel; cold worked
2039:
1793:
1615:
1575:
1559:
1537:
1521:
1505:
1465:
1449:
1409:
1393:
1371:
1355:
1339:
1274:
1234:
1194:
1154:
1116:
1017:Most head types can provide for
993:
981:
899:of the screw is measured as the
506:. Screws are normally made from
395:The American development of the
106:The screw head on one end has a
5184:"Mechanical Methods of Joining"
4394:Morris, Christopher G. (1992).
3497:BA system (British Association)
865:Cylindrical with a rounded top.
334:(1735β1800) was working on the
41:An assortment of screws, and a
5631:. A.L. Dyke. 1919. p. 701
1747:Grade, material and condition
1072:Grade, material and condition
974:
526:process. Heading produces the
367:Standardization of threadforms
269:where it was described by the
1:
5882:How to feed screws and dowels
5112:"Metric structural fasteners"
1709:304 stainless steel-class 80
462:. They are key components of
151:Most screws are tightened by
5696:(2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
5660:General and cited references
3452:torque-limiting screwdrivers
572:List of screw and bolt types
435:In the early 1930s American
432:) shortly followed in 1911.
181:is one of the six classical
155:rotation, which is called a
4839:"Making 18th c wood screws"
3101:
3098:
3090:
3087:
3058:
3055:
3050:
3045:
1907:Low or medium carbon steel
1892:
1887:
1869:Low or medium carbon steel
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1165:Low or medium carbon steel
298:Housebook of Wolfegg Castle
5929:
5887:American Screw Sizes Chart
4295:Technical Shop Mathematics
4050:Mechanical classifications
4000:
3906:
3868:British Standard Whitworth
3851:British Standard Whitworth
3848:
3510:
3493:British Standard Whitworth
3480:
1738:
1063:
1046:
789:
621:
569:
487:
29:
5857:How the World Got Screwed
4980:Mitchell, George (1995).
4762:U.S. Patent no. 2,046,840
4755:U.S. Patent no. 2,046,839
4324:"Bicycle Glossary: Pedal"
4186: β Insert for screws
4178:Threading (manufacturing)
4065:ultimate tensile strength
3061:
3006:
3004:
2983:
2936:
2906:
2774:
2546:
2539:
2458:
2451:
2367:
2354:
2334:
2331:
2326:
2323:
2311:
2297:
2284:
2236:
2201:
2171:
2090:
2083:
2070:
2020:
1902:
1885:
1883:
1851:
1804:
1792:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1667:
1653:
1614:
1553:
1499:
1478:
1443:
1422:
1387:
1333:
1312:
1280:
1273:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1028:Mixed (combo) head shapes
988:Combo pan and countersunk
490:Threading (manufacturing)
399:(1840s) and of automatic
63:classical simple machines
5573:. Oxford. Archived from
4059:strength rating (called
3203:Phillips/Slotted
1750:Nominal size range (in)
1075:Nominal size range (mm)
592:female threaded fastener
546:. The workpiece is then
4912:autorepair.com Glossary
4373:Encyclopædia Britannica
4292:Anderson, J.G. (1983).
4003:Unified Thread Standard
3997:Unified Thread Standard
3631:International Standards
3513:ISO metric screw thread
3507:ISO metric screw thread
3501:Unified Thread Standard
3489:ISO metric screw thread
1761:Tensile strength, min.
1084:Tensile strength, min.
346:. The British engineer
205:of 1871, equipped with
5726:Huth, Mark W. (2003).
4823:Moxon, Joseph (1703).
4562:, pp. 34, 66, 90.
4117:
4101:
3979:
3947:
3585:international standard
3433:
832:
824:
823:f β oval (raised head)
821:e β flat (countersunk)
787:
705:
641:
485:
478:
226:
210:
65:
54:
46:
32:Screw (disambiguation)
4983:Carpentry and Joinery
4941:autozone.com Glossary
4868:, pp. 1568β1598.
4853:"Iron Age, Volume 44"
4162: β Type of screw
4099:
3980:
3948:
3872:British Standard Fine
3431:
3013:Stainless steel with
1758:Yield strength, min.
1665:-class 50 (annealed)
1513:Class 10.9 low carbon
1081:Yield strength, min.
1047:Further information:
830:
812:
785:
723:, although this is a
703:
639:
484:
477:
460:industrial revolution
381:-style production of
216:
200:
60:
52:
40:
5809:Machinery's Handbook
5749:Machinery's Handbook
5732:. Cengage Learning.
5688:Colvin, Fred Herbert
4805:White, Christopher.
4265:McManus, C. (2002).
4107:Machinery's Handbook
3957:
3922:
3545:improve this section
3462:(US usage), while a
2776:ASTM A354 - Grade BD
1457:Class 9.8 low carbon
1347:Class 8.8 low carbon
901:aperture of the cone
819:d β truss (mushroom)
745:Machinery's Handbook
690:Machinery's Handbook
686:Machinery's Handbook
542:; however, some are
274:Archytas of Tarentum
4726:U.S. patent 161,390
3616:multiplication sign
3471:screw drive designs
3116:Part of a series on
3015:17β19% chromium and
1866:ASTM A307 - Grade B
1663:304 stainless steel
1567:ASTM A490M - Type 3
1401:ASTM A325M - Type 3
1000:Combo pan and truss
845:(short for "panel")
441:Phillips-head screw
344:screw-cutting lathe
296:is in the medieval
271:Greek mathematician
235:mortises and tenons
233:and pins, wedging,
45:for size comparison
18:Cheese head (screw)
5767:Rybczynski, Witold
5577:on January 6, 2005
5437:2018-09-25 at the
4232:Blake, A. (1986).
4102:
3975:
3974:
3943:
3942:
3770:ISO metric thread
3639:ISO metric thread
3434:
3260:Hex socket (Allen)
3255:Robertson (square)
2997:ASTM A490 - Type 3
2460:ASTM A325 - Type 3
2344:ASTM A449 - Type 2
2173:ASTM A449 - Type 1
1033:pan and truss etc.
833:
825:
788:
772:hot-dip galvanized
706:
675:finished hex bolts
642:
624:Self-tapping screw
618:Self-tapping screw
594:other than a nut.
486:
479:
227:
219:Brown & Sharpe
211:
168:pedal of a bicycle
66:
55:
47:
5889:β TPOHH Fasteners
5874:, February 1946,
5872:"Hold Everything"
5818:978-0-8311-1200-4
5782:978-0-684-86729-8
5679:978-0-8247-9977-9
5477:Oberg et al. 2000
5457:SAE International
5163:"ASTM A490M - 09"
5140:"ASTM A325M - 09"
5084:"ASTM F568M - 07"
5008:"Metric Handbook"
4993:978-1-84480-079-7
4965:Oberg et al. 2000
4866:Oberg et al. 2000
4741:, pp. 51β59.
4715:, pp. 79β81.
4696:978-0-271-04499-6
4673:, pp. 76β78.
4661:, pp. 97β99.
4605:, pp. 75β99.
4550:, pp. 90β94.
4305:978-0-8311-1145-8
4278:978-0-674-01613-2
4245:978-0-8493-8379-3
4208:Oberg et al. 2000
4160:Syndesmotic screw
4031:(TPI). For sizes
3839:
3838:
3805:Wrench size (mm)
3762:
3761:
3701:Wrench size (mm)
3581:
3580:
3573:
3444:power screwdriver
3429:
3419:
3418:
3106:
3105:
1818:Low carbon steel
1725:
1724:
1007:
1006:
815:b β dome (button)
792:Internal fixation
729:French wood screw
437:Henry F. Phillips
340:instrument-making
157:right-hand thread
72:is an externally
16:(Redirected from
5920:
5846:
5822:
5802:
5762:
5743:
5722:
5697:
5683:
5654:
5653:
5646:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5636:
5621:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5611:
5592:
5586:
5585:
5583:
5582:
5563:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5539:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5529:
5515:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5486:
5480:
5474:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5464:
5448:
5442:
5428:
5422:
5421:
5409:
5399:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5379:
5375:"Thread Systems"
5371:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5361:
5356:
5348:
5337:
5334:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5316:
5308:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5283:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5258:
5248:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5217:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5180:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5170:
5159:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5146:
5136:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5114:. Archived from
5108:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5080:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5067:
5057:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5029:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5019:
5010:. Archived from
5004:
4998:
4997:
4977:
4968:
4962:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4943:. Archived from
4933:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4923:
4914:. Archived from
4904:
4898:
4893:
4887:
4886:
4875:
4869:
4863:
4857:
4856:
4849:
4843:
4842:
4835:
4829:
4828:
4820:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4802:
4793:
4792:
4785:
4779:
4773:
4767:
4748:
4742:
4736:
4730:
4728:
4722:
4716:
4710:
4701:
4700:
4680:
4674:
4668:
4662:
4656:
4647:
4641:
4635:
4629:
4618:
4612:
4606:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4584:
4578:. Archived from
4577:
4573:"Am_Wood_Screws"
4569:
4563:
4557:
4551:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4518:
4512:
4511:
4492:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4455:
4445:
4439:
4438:
4418:
4412:
4411:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4365:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4341:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4229:
4223:
4217:
4211:
4205:
4072:= 400 MPa.
4040:
4039:
4035:
4029:threads per inch
3984:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3864:Joseph Whitworth
3767:
3636:
3576:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3556:
3525:
3517:
3430:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3280:12-spline flange
3242:Internal polygon
3211:External polygon
3113:
3102:550β620 typical
3085:310β480 typical
3074:
3073:
3069:
3059:690β860 typical
3056:100β125 typical
3053:550β620 typical
3040:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3019:
3016:
2993:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2924:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2879:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2833:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2772:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2710:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2649:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2544:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2456:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2365:
2359:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2302:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2257:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2088:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2043:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1797:
1736:
1706:ISO 3506-1 A2-80
1685:ISO 3506-1 A2-70
1659:ISO 3506-1 A2-50
1619:
1579:
1563:
1541:
1525:
1509:
1469:
1453:
1413:
1397:
1375:
1359:
1343:
1288:Under 16 (inc.)
1278:
1238:
1198:
1158:
1120:
1061:
1030:
1029:
1014:
1013:
997:
985:
975:
968:
967:
954:
953:
944:
943:
934:
933:
921:
920:
911:
910:
892:
891:
882:
881:
872:
871:
861:
860:
855:
854:
844:
843:
764:
763:
759:
659:
658:
654:
533:slotting machine
439:popularized the
172:left-hand thread
161:counterclockwise
74:helical threaded
21:
5928:
5927:
5923:
5922:
5921:
5919:
5918:
5917:
5893:
5892:
5876:Popular Science
5853:
5843:
5825:
5819:
5806:
5783:
5765:
5759:
5746:
5740:
5725:
5700:
5686:
5680:
5665:
5662:
5657:
5648:
5647:
5643:
5634:
5632:
5623:
5622:
5618:
5609:
5607:
5594:
5593:
5589:
5580:
5578:
5565:
5564:
5560:
5551:
5549:
5541:
5540:
5536:
5527:
5525:
5517:
5516:
5512:
5503:
5501:
5488:
5487:
5483:
5479:, p. 1492.
5475:
5471:
5462:
5460:
5450:
5449:
5445:
5439:Wayback Machine
5429:
5425:
5418:
5401:
5400:
5396:
5388:
5377:
5373:
5372:
5368:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5350:
5349:
5340:
5335:
5328:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5310:
5309:
5300:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5284:
5265:
5256:
5254:
5250:
5249:
5234:
5225:
5223:
5219:
5218:
5197:
5188:
5186:
5182:
5181:
5177:
5168:
5166:
5161:
5160:
5153:
5144:
5142:
5138:
5137:
5130:
5121:
5119:
5110:
5109:
5098:
5089:
5087:
5082:
5081:
5074:
5065:
5063:
5059:
5058:
5049:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5017:
5015:
5006:
5005:
5001:
4994:
4979:
4978:
4971:
4967:, p. 1497.
4963:
4959:
4950:
4948:
4935:
4934:
4930:
4921:
4919:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4894:
4890:
4877:
4876:
4872:
4864:
4860:
4851:
4850:
4846:
4837:
4836:
4832:
4822:
4821:
4817:
4809:
4804:
4803:
4796:
4787:
4786:
4782:
4776:Rybczynski 2000
4774:
4770:
4749:
4745:
4737:
4733:
4724:
4723:
4719:
4713:Rybczynski 2000
4711:
4704:
4697:
4682:
4681:
4677:
4671:Rybczynski 2000
4669:
4665:
4659:Rybczynski 2000
4657:
4650:
4644:Rybczynski 2000
4642:
4638:
4632:Rybczynski 2000
4630:
4621:
4615:Rybczynski 2000
4613:
4609:
4603:Rybczynski 2000
4601:
4597:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4575:
4571:
4570:
4566:
4560:Rybczynski 2000
4558:
4554:
4548:Rybczynski 2000
4546:
4542:
4535:
4520:
4519:
4515:
4505:
4484:
4483:
4479:
4472:
4447:
4446:
4442:
4435:
4420:
4419:
4415:
4408:
4393:
4392:
4388:
4378:
4376:
4367:
4366:
4362:
4353:
4351:
4343:
4342:
4338:
4329:
4327:
4326:. Sheldon Brown
4318:
4317:
4313:
4306:
4291:
4290:
4286:
4279:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4218:
4214:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4193:
4156:
4150:apply to each.
4052:
4037:
4033:
4032:
4005:
3999:
3964:
3955:
3954:
3932:
3920:
3919:
3911:
3905:
3853:
3847:
3577:
3566:
3560:
3557:
3542:
3526:
3515:
3509:
3485:
3479:
3421:
3415:
3111:
3084:
3079:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3052:
3047:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3014:
3012:
2999:
2980:
2975:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2894:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2346:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2175:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1894:
1889:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1764:Core hardness (
1730:
1708:
1687:
1661:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1625:
1585:
1569:
1550:
1531:
1515:
1475:
1459:
1419:
1403:
1384:
1365:
1349:
1284:
1244:
1204:
1164:
1087:Core hardness (
1078:Proof strength
1055:
1045:
1040:
1027:
1026:
1011:
1010:
1001:
998:
989:
986:
965:
964:
951:
950:
941:
940:
931:
930:
918:
917:
908:
907:
889:
888:
879:
878:
869:
868:
858:
857:
852:
851:
841:
840:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
807:
794:
780:
761:
757:
756:
755:200 mm or
739:such as barrel
698:
667:
656:
652:
651:
640:A machine screw
634:
626:
620:
603:
579:
574:
568:
566:Types of screws
548:tumble finished
492:
472:
421:P. L. Robertson
352:commodification
309:mass production
195:
183:simple machines
179:screw mechanism
129:bearing surface
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5926:
5924:
5916:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5895:
5894:
5891:
5890:
5884:
5879:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5852:
5851:External links
5849:
5848:
5847:
5841:
5827:Smith, Carroll
5823:
5817:
5804:
5781:
5763:
5757:
5744:
5738:
5723:
5698:
5684:
5678:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5655:
5641:
5616:
5587:
5558:
5534:
5510:
5481:
5469:
5443:
5423:
5416:
5394:
5366:
5338:
5326:
5298:
5263:
5232:
5195:
5175:
5151:
5128:
5096:
5072:
5047:
5024:
4999:
4992:
4969:
4957:
4928:
4899:
4888:
4885:on 2011-07-21.
4870:
4858:
4844:
4830:
4827:. Mendham, NJ.
4815:
4794:
4780:
4778:, p. 104.
4768:
4766:
4765:
4758:
4743:
4739:Hallowell 1951
4731:
4717:
4702:
4695:
4675:
4663:
4648:
4636:
4619:
4607:
4595:
4564:
4552:
4540:
4533:
4513:
4503:
4477:
4470:
4440:
4433:
4413:
4407:978-0122004001
4406:
4386:
4360:
4336:
4320:Brown, Sheldon
4311:
4304:
4284:
4277:
4257:
4244:
4224:
4212:
4210:, p. 1492
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4181:
4175:
4169:
4163:
4155:
4152:
4061:property class
4051:
4048:
4001:Main article:
3998:
3995:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3907:Main article:
3904:
3901:
3897:yield strength
3849:Main article:
3846:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3579:
3578:
3529:
3527:
3520:
3511:Main article:
3508:
3505:
3481:Main article:
3478:
3475:
3458:(UK usage) or
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3118:
3117:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3099:80β90 typical
3097:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3081:
3080:45β70 typical
3076:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3049:
3048:80β90 typical
3044:
3042:
3020:
3009:18/8 Stainless
3005:
3002:
3001:
2994:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2981:1,200 maximum
2977:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2935:
2925:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2887:
2880:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2834:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2778:
2773:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2718:
2711:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2657:
2650:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2555:
2545:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2464:
2457:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2376:
2366:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2310:
2303:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2265:
2258:
2250:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2177:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2096:
2089:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2051:
2044:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2019:
1994:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1908:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1870:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1819:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1798:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1754:Proof strength
1751:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1620:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1580:
1572:
1571:
1564:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1542:
1534:
1533:
1526:
1518:
1517:
1510:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1470:
1462:
1461:
1454:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1414:
1406:
1405:
1398:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1376:
1368:
1367:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1344:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1279:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1239:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1199:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1159:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1121:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1023:
1022:
1019:countersinking
1015:
1012:Countersinking
1005:
1004:
1003:
1002:
999:
992:
990:
987:
980:
973:
972:
969:
962:
955:
948:
945:
942:Fillister head
938:
935:
928:
922:
915:
912:
904:
893:
886:
883:
876:
873:
866:
863:
849:
846:
806:
803:
790:Main article:
779:
776:
697:
694:
666:
663:
633:
630:
622:Main article:
619:
616:
602:
599:
578:
575:
570:Main article:
567:
564:
558:) or applying
552:electroplating
540:thread rolling
500:thread rolling
471:
468:
401:screw machines
348:Henry Maudslay
267:Ancient Greece
194:
191:
81:twisting force
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5925:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5877:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5854:
5850:
5844:
5842:0-87938-406-9
5838:
5834:
5833:
5828:
5824:
5820:
5814:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5788:
5784:
5778:
5774:
5773:
5768:
5764:
5760:
5758:0-8311-2635-3
5754:
5750:
5745:
5741:
5739:1-4018-3837-5
5735:
5731:
5730:
5724:
5720:
5716:
5712:
5708:
5704:
5699:
5695:
5694:
5689:
5685:
5681:
5675:
5672:. CRC Press.
5671:
5670:
5664:
5663:
5659:
5651:
5645:
5642:
5630:
5626:
5620:
5617:
5606:on 2008-12-06
5605:
5601:
5597:
5591:
5588:
5576:
5572:
5568:
5562:
5559:
5548:
5544:
5538:
5535:
5524:
5520:
5514:
5511:
5500:on 2008-12-06
5499:
5495:
5491:
5485:
5482:
5478:
5473:
5470:
5459:
5458:
5453:
5447:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5433:
5427:
5424:
5419:
5417:0-07-048511-9
5413:
5408:
5407:
5398:
5395:
5387:
5383:
5376:
5370:
5367:
5353:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5339:
5333:
5331:
5327:
5313:
5307:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5288:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5270:
5268:
5264:
5253:
5247:
5245:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5233:
5222:
5216:
5214:
5212:
5210:
5208:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5196:
5185:
5179:
5176:
5164:
5158:
5156:
5152:
5141:
5135:
5133:
5129:
5118:on 1999-04-21
5117:
5113:
5107:
5105:
5103:
5101:
5097:
5085:
5079:
5077:
5073:
5062:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5048:
5034:
5028:
5025:
5014:on 2007-10-31
5013:
5009:
5003:
5000:
4995:
4989:
4985:
4984:
4976:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4961:
4958:
4947:on 2010-05-02
4946:
4942:
4938:
4932:
4929:
4918:on 2011-07-23
4917:
4913:
4909:
4903:
4900:
4897:
4892:
4889:
4884:
4880:
4874:
4871:
4867:
4862:
4859:
4854:
4848:
4845:
4840:
4834:
4831:
4826:
4819:
4816:
4808:
4801:
4799:
4795:
4790:
4784:
4781:
4777:
4772:
4769:
4763:
4759:
4756:
4752:
4751:
4747:
4744:
4740:
4735:
4732:
4727:
4721:
4718:
4714:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4698:
4692:
4688:
4687:
4679:
4676:
4672:
4667:
4664:
4660:
4655:
4653:
4649:
4646:, p. 76.
4645:
4640:
4637:
4634:, p. 75.
4633:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4617:, p. 99.
4616:
4611:
4608:
4604:
4599:
4596:
4585:on 2011-10-08
4581:
4574:
4568:
4565:
4561:
4556:
4553:
4549:
4544:
4541:
4536:
4534:0-313-31342-3
4530:
4526:
4525:
4517:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4504:0-618-22123-9
4500:
4496:
4491:
4490:
4481:
4478:
4473:
4471:9781575060422
4467:
4463:
4459:
4454:
4453:
4444:
4441:
4436:
4434:0-8225-2994-7
4430:
4426:
4425:
4417:
4414:
4409:
4403:
4399:
4398:
4390:
4387:
4374:
4370:
4364:
4361:
4349:
4348:
4340:
4337:
4325:
4321:
4315:
4312:
4307:
4301:
4297:
4296:
4288:
4285:
4280:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4261:
4258:
4247:
4241:
4237:
4236:
4228:
4225:
4222:, p. 39.
4221:
4216:
4213:
4209:
4204:
4201:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4116:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4098:
4094:
4091:
4085:
4081:
4079:
4078:offset strain
4073:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4009:United States
4004:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3926:
3915:
3910:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3889:
3885:
3880:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3852:
3844:
3842:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3623:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3575:
3572:
3564:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3530:This section
3528:
3524:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3484:
3477:Screw threads
3476:
3474:
3472:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3440:
3412:
3407:
3405:
3400:
3398:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3363:Spline socket
3361:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3324:Three-pointed
3322:
3317:
3316:External Torx
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3275:Triple-square
3273:
3271:
3270:Double-square
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3163:French recess
3161:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3108:
3095:
3094:
3065:
3064:
3021:
3011:
3010:
3003:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2979:1,000 minimum
2932:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2903:
2900:
2888:
2884:
2883:SAE grade 8.2
2881:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2779:
2777:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2556:
2552:
2550:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2377:
2373:
2371:
2364:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2307:
2306:SAE grade 5.2
2304:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2281:
2278:
2266:
2262:
2261:SAE grade 5.1
2259:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2233:
2230:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2198:
2195:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2067:
2064:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1954:Greater than
1953:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1845:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1755:
1744:Head marking
1742:
1737:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1069:Head marking
1067:
1062:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1009:
1008:
996:
991:
984:
979:
977:
976:
970:
963:
960:
956:
949:
946:
939:
936:
929:
927:
923:
916:
913:
905:
902:
898:
894:
887:
884:
877:
874:
867:
864:
850:
847:
839:
838:
837:
829:
811:
804:
802:
800:
793:
784:
777:
775:
773:
769:
768:galvanization
752:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
702:
695:
693:
692:distinction.
691:
687:
682:
680:
679:hex cap screw
676:
672:
665:Hex cap screw
664:
662:
648:
646:
638:
632:Machine screw
631:
629:
625:
617:
615:
611:
609:
600:
598:
595:
593:
589:
585:
576:
573:
565:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
536:
534:
529:
525:
522:, which is a
521:
518:. It is then
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
491:
483:
476:
469:
467:
465:
461:
455:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
422:
417:
413:
408:
406:
402:
398:
393:
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
363:
361:
357:
356:James Nasmyth
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:Jesse Ramsden
328:
325:
324:screw machine
321:
320:Staffordshire
316:
314:
310:
306:
305:machine tools
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
284:for pressing
283:
282:screw presses
279:
278:Mediterranean
275:
272:
268:
264:
263:Ancient Egypt
260:
256:
252:
248:
247:forge welding
244:
240:
236:
232:
225:screw machine
224:
220:
215:
208:
204:
199:
192:
190:
188:
184:
180:
175:
173:
169:
165:
162:
158:
154:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:
71:
64:
59:
51:
44:
39:
33:
19:
5908:Metalworking
5875:
5831:
5808:
5775:, Scribner,
5770:
5748:
5728:
5702:
5692:
5668:
5644:
5633:. Retrieved
5628:
5619:
5608:. Retrieved
5604:the original
5599:
5590:
5579:. Retrieved
5575:the original
5570:
5561:
5550:. Retrieved
5546:
5537:
5526:. Retrieved
5522:
5513:
5502:. Retrieved
5498:the original
5493:
5484:
5472:
5461:. Retrieved
5455:
5446:
5426:
5405:
5397:
5382:Thread Check
5381:
5369:
5358:. Retrieved
5318:. Retrieved
5290:. Retrieved
5255:. Retrieved
5224:. Retrieved
5187:. Retrieved
5178:
5167:. Retrieved
5143:. Retrieved
5120:. Retrieved
5116:the original
5088:. Retrieved
5064:. Retrieved
5039:. Retrieved
5027:
5016:. Retrieved
5012:the original
5002:
4982:
4960:
4949:. Retrieved
4945:the original
4940:
4931:
4920:. Retrieved
4916:the original
4911:
4902:
4891:
4883:the original
4873:
4861:
4847:
4833:
4824:
4818:
4783:
4771:
4746:
4734:
4720:
4685:
4678:
4666:
4639:
4610:
4598:
4587:. Retrieved
4580:the original
4567:
4555:
4543:
4523:
4516:
4508:
4488:
4480:
4451:
4443:
4423:
4416:
4396:
4389:
4377:. Retrieved
4372:
4363:
4352:. Retrieved
4346:
4339:
4328:. Retrieved
4314:
4294:
4287:
4267:
4260:
4249:. Retrieved
4234:
4227:
4215:
4203:
4172:Threaded rod
4133:
4128:
4124:
4118:
4113:
4105:
4103:
4086:
4082:
4074:
4060:
4053:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4006:
3991:
3987:
3916:
3912:
3881:
3876:thread angle
3871:
3867:
3854:
3840:
3763:
3624:
3620:
3612:coarse pitch
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3596:coarse pitch
3595:
3582:
3567:
3558:
3543:Please help
3531:
3486:
3483:Screw thread
3468:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3448:power drills
3443:
3437:
3435:
3378:Spanner head
3265:Security hex
3091:690 typical
3088:100 typical
3051:280 minimum
3018:8β13% nickel
3007:
2996:
2976:170 maximum
2927:
2882:
2775:
2713:
2652:
2547:
2459:
2368:
2343:
2305:
2260:
2172:
2091:
2046:
1989:
1903:
1895:690 maximum
1890:100 maximum
1865:
1814:
1810:
1800:
1731:
1705:
1684:
1658:
1651:100 typical
1646:700 typical
1636:450 typical
1622:
1582:
1566:
1544:
1529:Class 10.9.3
1528:
1512:
1472:
1456:
1416:
1400:
1378:
1362:
1346:
1281:
1241:
1201:
1161:
1123:
1056:
952:Flanged head
937:Cylindrical.
896:
834:
795:
753:
748:
744:
732:
728:
720:
716:
713:coach screws
712:
708:
707:
689:
685:
683:
678:
674:
668:
649:
643:
627:
612:
604:
596:
580:
537:
532:
527:
524:cold working
515:
503:
499:
495:
493:
466:and lathes.
456:
453:
434:
426:cold forming
409:
397:turret lathe
394:
387:
382:
374:
364:
359:
329:
317:
302:
259:Neo-Assyrian
228:
189:scientists.
176:
156:
150:
145:
141:
133:
127:
112:screwdrivers
105:
69:
67:
5913:Woodworking
4937:"head bolt"
4458:Eisenbrauns
4369:"Mechanics"
4166:Tap and die
4090:counterfeit
3884:scaffolding
3439:screwdriver
3293:Hexalobular
3122:Screw drive
3083:280 minimum
3046:40 minimum
2974:150 minimum
2714:SAE grade 8
2653:SAE grade 7
2092:SAE grade 5
2047:SAE grade 3
1990:SAE grade 4
1904:SAE grade 2
1893:410 minimum
1811:SAE grade 1
1801:SAE Grade 0
1644:500 minimum
1641:65 typical
1634:210 minimum
1363:Class 8.8.3
959:flat washer
932:Cheese head
909:raised head
799:screw drive
721:coach bolts
560:black oxide
556:galvanizing
554:with zinc (
520:cold headed
470:Manufacture
464:micrometers
412:drive types
407:of screws.
390:Philipsburg
371:unit prices
294:screwdriver
257:during the
255:Mesopotamia
187:Renaissance
185:defined by
5897:Categories
5635:2009-01-13
5610:2008-12-03
5581:2008-12-03
5552:2008-12-03
5528:2008-12-03
5504:2008-12-03
5463:2023-02-20
5360:2010-04-30
5320:2009-06-23
5292:2009-06-06
5257:2009-05-30
5226:2009-05-30
5189:2009-06-06
5169:2009-06-06
5145:2009-06-13
5122:2009-06-06
5090:2009-06-06
5066:2009-05-29
5041:2009-06-06
5018:2009-06-06
4951:2010-10-13
4922:2009-01-13
4908:"lug bolt"
4589:2010-04-30
4460:. p.
4354:2008-05-11
4330:2010-10-19
4251:2021-01-24
4220:Smith 1990
4191:References
3600:fine pitch
3499:, and the
3464:nut setter
3337:Tri-groove
3285:Double hex
3173:JIS B 1012
3137:Slot drive
3078:40 minimum
3075:β1 (inc.)
2551:- Grade BC
2387:β1 (inc.)
2107:β1 (inc.)
1888:60 minimum
1649:73 minimum
1639:30 minimum
1583:Class 12.9
1546:ASTM A490M
1473:Class 10.9
1380:ASTM A325M
1053:ASTM A325M
919:Bugle head
880:Truss head
870:Round head
778:Bone screw
709:Lag screws
601:Wood screw
488:See also:
430:hex socket
336:toolmaking
290:winemaking
138:grub screw
43:US quarter
5799:462234518
4196:Citations
4184:Wall plug
3845:Whitworth
3532:does not
3383:Line Head
3373:Pentalobe
3332:Tri-point
3311:Torx ttap
3306:Polydrive
3250:Tri-angle
3150:Cruciform
2929:ASTM A490
2549:ASTM A354
2370:ASTM A325
1815:ASTM A307
1629:up to 20
1417:Class 9.8
1282:Class 8.8
1242:Class 5.8
1202:Class 4.8
1162:Class 4.6
1124:Class 3.6
890:Flat head
859:dome head
817:c β round
717:lag bolts
696:Lag screw
512:bar stock
313:converged
286:olive oil
280:world in
239:dovetails
207:leadscrew
153:clockwise
134:set screw
87:) to the
5829:(1990).
5791:00036988
5769:(2000),
5711:52001275
5523:allwords
5435:Archived
5386:Archived
4154:See also
4019:, where
3860:engineer
3728:16 or 17
3588:ISO 68-1
3561:May 2021
3342:Tri-wing
3234:12-point
3224:Pentagon
3198:Torq-set
3193:Supadriv
3188:Pozidriv
3183:Phillips
3168:ISO 8764
3158:Frearson
2931:- Type 1
2372:- Type 1
2248:183β235
2079:B70β100
1984:B70β100
1949:B80β100
1860:B70β100
1766:Rockwell
1589:1.6β100
1548:- Type 1
1382:- Type 1
1089:Rockwell
966:Hex head
906:Oval or
842:Pan head
749:Handbook
725:misnomer
711:(US) or
671:diameter
449:Supadriv
445:Pozidriv
379:toolroom
360:invented
124:hex keys
116:wrenches
97:torquing
77:fastener
61:The six
5519:"screw"
5490:"screw"
4855:. 1889.
4379:5 April
4148:tariffs
4043:integer
4036:⁄
4027:is the
3857:English
3627:hexagon
3625:Metric
3592:ISO 262
3553:removed
3538:sources
3456:spanner
3368:Quadrex
3358:One-way
3350:Special
3178:Mortorq
3129:Slotted
3096:over 1
3070:⁄
3041:(inc.)
3036:⁄
3026:⁄
2984:C33β38
2955:⁄
2941:⁄
2915:C33β39
2893:⁄
2870:C31β39
2844:⁄
2824:C33β39
2803:(inc.)
2798:⁄
2784:⁄
2763:C32β38
2738:⁄
2724:⁄
2677:⁄
2663:⁄
2640:C22β33
2614:⁄
2601:C26β36
2580:(inc.)
2575:⁄
2561:⁄
2535:C19β31
2510:⁄
2496:C24β35
2470:⁄
2447:C19β31
2422:⁄
2408:C24β35
2382:⁄
2350:C25β34
2338:C26β36
2316:⁄
2293:C25β40
2272:⁄
2246:Brinell
2223:⁄
2210:C19β30
2193:(inc.)
2188:⁄
2167:C19β30
2142:⁄
2128:C25β34
2102:⁄
2057:⁄
2014:⁄
2000:⁄
1959:⁄
1924:⁄
1914:⁄
1898:B69β95
1876:⁄
1839:⁄
1825:⁄
1610:C38β44
1500:C33β39
1444:C27β36
1423:1.6β16
1334:C23β34
1269:B82β95
1229:B71β95
1208:1.6β16
1189:B67β95
1149:B52β95
1128:1.6β36
1049:ISO 898
813:a β pan
760:⁄
655:⁄
608:swaging
588:taptite
504:coating
496:heading
416:machine
383:machine
243:nailing
223:spindle
221:single-
193:History
5903:Screws
5839:
5815:
5797:
5789:
5779:
5755:
5736:
5719:521866
5717:
5709:
5676:
5596:"bolt"
5567:"bolt"
5543:"bolt"
5414:
5165:. 2009
5086:. 2007
4990:
4693:
4531:
4509:screw.
4501:
4468:
4431:
4404:
4302:
4275:
4242:
4013:Canada
3888:tripod
3460:wrench
3219:Square
2912:1,000
2821:1,000
2760:1,000
2267:No. 6β
1604:1,220
1598:1,100
1554:12β36
1494:1,040
1479:5β100
1388:12β36
1313:17β72
1168:5β100
1043:Metric
926:bugle.
853:Button
741:staves
502:, and
231:dowels
170:has a
164:torque
108:milled
85:torque
5389:(PDF)
5378:(PDF)
5355:(PDF)
5315:(PDF)
5036:(PDF)
4810:(PDF)
4750:See:
4583:(PDF)
4576:(PDF)
4125:screw
3993:rod.
3142:Cross
3124:types
3109:Tools
1248:5β24
1174:32.6
1038:Sizes
897:angle
727:) or
584:bolts
516:blank
251:knots
203:lathe
146:pitch
142:shank
136:(aka
120:coins
70:screw
5837:ISBN
5813:ISBN
5795:OCLC
5787:LCCN
5777:ISBN
5753:ISBN
5734:ISBN
5715:OCLC
5707:LCCN
5674:ISBN
5412:ISBN
4988:ISBN
4691:ISBN
4529:ISBN
4499:ISBN
4466:ISBN
4429:ISBN
4402:ISBN
4381:2020
4300:ISBN
4273:ISBN
4240:ISBN
4138:and
4134:Old
4129:bolt
4127:and
4121:ASME
4104:The
3862:Sir
3800:M60
3773:M3.5
3696:M64
3648:M2.5
3642:M1.6
3536:any
3534:cite
3301:Torx
2971:900
2968:130
2965:830
2962:120
2909:150
2904:830
2901:120
2867:970
2864:140
2861:790
2858:115
2855:720
2852:105
2818:150
2815:900
2812:130
2809:830
2806:120
2757:150
2754:900
2751:130
2748:830
2745:120
2699:920
2696:133
2693:790
2690:115
2687:720
2684:105
2637:790
2634:115
2631:680
2625:660
2598:860
2595:125
2592:750
2589:109
2586:720
2583:105
2532:720
2529:105
2526:570
2520:510
2493:830
2490:120
2487:630
2481:590
2444:720
2441:105
2438:570
2432:510
2405:830
2402:120
2399:630
2393:590
2335:830
2332:120
2327:590
2290:830
2287:120
2282:590
2242:620
2234:380
2207:720
2204:105
2199:510
2164:720
2161:105
2158:560
2152:510
2125:830
2122:120
2119:630
2113:590
2076:690
2073:100
2068:590
2032:790
2029:115
2026:690
2023:100
1981:410
1975:250
1969:230
1946:510
1940:390
1934:380
1857:410
1849:230
1788:MPa
1782:MPa
1776:MPa
1728:Inch
1721:120
1718:800
1712:600
1700:100
1697:700
1691:450
1676:500
1670:210
1607:177
1601:160
1595:141
1592:970
1497:151
1491:136
1488:940
1485:120
1482:830
1441:130
1438:900
1435:104
1432:720
1426:650
1331:120
1328:830
1322:660
1316:600
1306:120
1303:800
1297:640
1291:580
1263:520
1257:420
1251:380
1223:420
1217:340
1211:310
1183:400
1177:240
1171:225
1143:330
1137:190
1131:180
1111:ksi
1105:ksi
1099:ksi
1051:and
862:(BH)
805:Head
774:).
737:lags
645:ASME
577:Body
528:head
508:wire
447:and
375:wood
338:and
307:for
265:and
177:The
122:and
89:head
4140:SAE
4136:USS
4069:MPa
4067:in
4057:ISO
4017:X-Y
3970:1.2
3934:0.9
3893:UNC
3835:90
3797:M52
3794:M45
3791:M39
3788:M33
3785:M27
3782:M22
3779:M18
3776:M14
3758:95
3713:5.5
3704:3.2
3693:M56
3690:M48
3687:M42
3684:M36
3681:M30
3678:M24
3675:M20
3672:M16
3669:M12
3666:M10
3547:by
3229:Hex
2898:β1
2849:β4
2628:99
2622:95
2619:β4
2523:82
2517:74
2484:92
2478:85
2475:β1
2435:82
2429:74
2396:92
2390:85
2360:or
2324:85
2321:β1
2279:85
2239:90
2231:55
2228:β3
2196:74
2155:81
2149:74
2116:92
2110:85
2065:85
2062:β1
1978:60
1972:36
1966:33
1943:74
1937:57
1931:55
1881:β4
1854:60
1846:33
1785:ksi
1779:ksi
1773:ksi
1715:87
1694:65
1679:73
1673:30
1429:94
1325:96
1319:87
1300:93
1294:84
1266:75
1260:61
1254:55
1226:61
1220:49
1214:45
1186:58
1180:35
1146:48
1140:28
1134:26
1108:MPa
1102:MPa
1096:MPa
856:or
733:lag
719:or
677:to
544:cut
174:.
101:nut
5899::
5793:,
5785:,
5713:.
5627:.
5598:.
5569:.
5545:.
5521:.
5492:.
5454:.
5384:.
5380:.
5341:^
5329:^
5301:^
5266:^
5235:^
5198:^
5154:^
5131:^
5099:^
5075:^
5050:^
4972:^
4939:.
4910:.
4797:^
4705:^
4651:^
4622:^
4507:.
4497:.
4495:69
4464:.
4456:.
4371:.
4322:.
4131:.
3832:80
3829:70
3826:60
3823:50
3820:41
3817:34
3814:27
3811:21
3755:85
3752:75
3749:65
3746:55
3743:46
3740:36
3737:30
3734:24
3731:19
3725:13
3722:10
3663:M8
3660:M6
3657:M5
3654:M4
3651:M3
3645:M2
3608:M8
3503:.
3495:,
3446:;
2501:1β
2413:1β
2179:1β
2133:1β
1768:)
1623:A2
1091:)
498:,
315::
241:,
237:,
217:A
201:A
148:.
118:,
114:,
103:.
99:a
68:A
5845:.
5821:.
5801:.
5761:.
5742:.
5721:.
5682:.
5638:.
5613:.
5584:.
5555:.
5531:.
5507:.
5466:.
5430:"
5420:.
5363:.
5323:.
5295:.
5260:.
5229:.
5192:.
5172:.
5148:.
5125:.
5093:.
5069:.
5044:.
5021:.
4996:.
4954:.
4925:.
4841:.
4812:.
4791:.
4729:.
4699:.
4592:.
4537:.
4474:.
4462:4
4437:.
4410:.
4383:.
4357:.
4333:.
4308:.
4281:.
4254:.
4038:4
4034:1
4025:Y
4021:X
3966:p
3962:6
3938:4
3930:=
3927:p
3808:6
3719:8
3716:7
3710:5
3707:4
3604:M
3574:)
3568:(
3563:)
3559:(
3555:.
3541:.
3410:e
3403:t
3396:v
3072:8
3068:5
3038:8
3034:5
3031:β
3028:4
3024:1
2957:2
2953:1
2950:+
2948:1
2946:β
2943:2
2939:1
2895:4
2891:1
2846:2
2842:1
2839:+
2837:2
2800:2
2796:1
2793:+
2791:2
2789:β
2786:4
2782:1
2740:2
2736:1
2733:+
2731:1
2729:β
2726:4
2722:1
2679:2
2675:1
2672:+
2670:1
2668:β
2665:4
2661:1
2616:2
2612:1
2609:+
2607:2
2577:2
2573:1
2570:+
2568:2
2566:β
2563:4
2559:1
2512:2
2508:1
2505:+
2503:1
2472:2
2468:1
2424:2
2420:1
2417:+
2415:1
2384:2
2380:1
2318:4
2314:1
2274:2
2270:1
2225:2
2221:1
2218:+
2216:1
2190:2
2186:1
2183:+
2181:1
2144:2
2140:1
2137:+
2135:1
2104:4
2100:1
2059:4
2055:1
2016:2
2012:1
2009:+
2007:1
2005:β
2002:4
1998:1
1961:4
1957:3
1926:4
1922:3
1919:β
1916:4
1912:1
1878:4
1874:1
1841:2
1837:1
1834:+
1832:1
1830:β
1827:4
1823:1
961:.
903:.
762:4
758:1
657:4
653:1
83:(
34:.
20:)
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