49:
790:. By the late 19th century, as the population of mature white oaks in the eastern US was dwindling, loggers began exploiting chestnut oak wood more heavily. It serves many of the same applications as white oak wood and as it is fairly rot-proof, has also been used for fencing, railroad ties, and other uses where the wood comes into contact with soil. Due to a relatively high density (21 kg or 47 lb per cu. ft), chestnut oak makes excellent firewood.
101:
275:
723:
647:
76:
1157:
754:
635:
1141:
454:
because that tree has whitened undersides on the leaves. Another important distinction between the chestnut oak and the swamp chestnut oak is by the habitat; if it grows on a ridge, it is chestnut oak, and if it grows in wet bottomlands, it is probably the more massive swamp chestnut oak; however,
372:
is not usually a large tree, typically growing to 18–22 metres (59–72 feet) tall; specimens growing in better conditions can grow up to 40–43 m (131–141 ft) tall. They tend to have a similar spread of 18–22 m (59–72 ft). A 10-year-old sapling grown in full sun will stand about
761:
This species is a predominant ridge-top tree in eastern North
American hardwood forests. Young chestnut oaks are easily capable of reproducing from stump sprouts if cut. A significant amount of chestnut oaks in the Appalachians are trees that regrew from stump sprouts after being logged. It is a
511:, yellow green or bronze, shining above, very pubescent below. When full grown are thick, firm, dark yellow green, somewhat shining above, pale green and pubescent below; midribs stout, yellow, primary veins conspicuous. In autumn they turn a dull yellow soon changing to a yellow brown.
781:
Chestnut oak trees are generally not the best timber trees because they are usually branched low and not very straight, but when they grow in better conditions, they are valuable for timber, which is marketed as 'mixed white oak'. The bark of chestnut oak has a high
772:
trees mast or produce more acorns under warmer summer temperatures rather than cooler summer temperatures. The results of a "thin and burn treatment" proved that increased light and resources correlated with a greater acorn yield.
1086:
Smith, S. J., McCarthy, B. C., Hutchinson, T. F., & Snell, R. S. (2021). Both weather and resources influence masting in chestnut oak (Quercus montana Willd.) and black oak (Q. velutina Lam.). Plant
Ecology, 222,
822:
L., Wenzell, K. & Jerome, D. 2017. Quercus montana. The IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species 2017: e.T194201A111265611. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T194201A111265611.en. Downloaded on 05 April
464:
Bark: Dark, fissured into broad ridges, scaly. Branchlets stout, at first bronze green, later they become reddish brown, finally dark gray or brown. Heavily charged with tannic acid.
565:
Acorns: Annual, singly or in pairs; nut oval, rounded or acute at apex, bright chestnut brown, shining, one and a quarter to one and one-half inches in length; cup, cup-shaped or
1545:
1540:
786:
content and prior to the 20th century was heavily used in the leather tanning industry, but the wood was usually discarded since it was considered inferior to that of
1347:
1409:
1515:
802:
1550:
1530:
1282:
1360:
1295:
1014:
992:
880:
871:
442:, but the trees can readily be distinguished by the bark, that of the chinkapin oak being a light ash-gray and somewhat peeling like that of the
1448:
1308:
1112:
1560:
899:
1535:
684:
was long used by many botanists and foresters for either the chestnut oak or the swamp chestnut oak, with the former otherwise called
1555:
1035:, by some (but not all) botanists considered resolved by close examination of the leaf pubescence, which differs in the two species.
1161:
100:
1525:
1334:
1401:
1365:
1006:
985:
710:
refers to mountains or coming from mountains which probably refers to the tree's habitat and its ability to grow on rocks.
569:, usually enclosing one-half or one-third of the nut, thin, light brown and downy within, reddish brown and rough outside,
876:
434:–4 in) broad, shallowly lobed with 10–15 rounded lobes on each margin; they are virtually identical to the leaves of
971:
1461:
1414:
1149:
1396:
967:
848:
467:
Wood: Dark brown, sapwood lighter; heavy, hard, strong, tough, close-grained, durable in contact with the soil.
1466:
646:
1313:
1274:
953:
573:
near the base. Scales small, much crowded toward the rim sometimes making a fringe. Kernel white, sweetish.
1269:
1173:
1063:
1300:
862:
337:
249:
222:
206:
48:
446:
and that of swamp chestnut oak being paler ash-gray and scaly. The chinkapin oak also has much smaller
1243:
1211:
1104:
65:
57:
935:
1487:
1453:
1145:
508:
478:
435:
357:
287:
95:
821:
1352:
634:
1422:
1230:
1118:
1108:
1046:
1032:
671:
555:
547:
31:
893:
1520:
1427:
1378:
675:) has occurred, and some botanists have considered them to be the same species in the past.
559:
527:
512:
468:
374:
918:. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, North Carolina Division of Parks and Recreation.
903:
621: in) broad, among the largest of Native American oaks, surpassed in size only by the
451:
274:
138:
929:
793:
The acorns can be eaten by humans but, if bitter, may need to have the tannins leached.
474:
Winter buds: Light chestnut brown, ovate, acute, one-fourth to one-half of an inch long.
1440:
1435:
1028:
704:
551:
535:
125:
722:
1509:
1373:
966:. Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org,
439:
385:
381:
300:
85:
80:
961:
373:
5 m (16 ft) tall. This species is often an important canopy species in an
1492:
1235:
1051:
834:
1388:
895:
The
Natural Communities of Virginia Classification of Ecological Community Groups
507:
toothed, teeth rounded or acute, apex rounded or acute. They come out of the bud
1321:
1205:
916:
Classification of the natural communities of North
Carolina: third approximation
753:
345:
1222:
1196:
1156:
766:
when well-formed. The acorns of the chestnut oak are a valuable wildlife food.
500:
1122:
1256:
566:
443:
325:
17:
1479:
1140:
1100:
Edible Wild Plants: A North
American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods
1098:
1474:
1190:
843:
570:
520:
450:
than the chestnut oak. The chestnut oak is easily distinguished from the
349:
184:
151:
1287:
897:(Version 2.3), Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, 2010
622:
516:
504:
496:
174:
1326:
783:
763:
543:
539:
531:
389:
340:, where it is one of the most important ridgetop trees from southern
265:
164:
1167:
1339:
1261:
752:
447:
341:
112:
380:
It is readily identified by its massively-ridged dark gray-brown
1248:
1047:
A Gardener's
Handbook of Plant Names: Their Meanings and Origins
481:, 13 to 23 cm (5 to 9 in) long, 8 to 11 cm (3 to
1171:
717:
471:
0.7499; weight of cubic foot, 21.20 kilograms or 46.73 pounds.
321:
194:
368:
As a consequence of its dry habitat and ridgetop exposure,
30:"Chestnut oak" redirects here. For swamp chestnut oak, see
1027:
The confusion arose from differing identifications of the
700:
is of uncertain position, unassignable to either species.
960:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
734:
348:, with an outlying northwestern population in southern
1180:
577:The acorns of the chestnut oak are 1.5–3 cm (
538:pale yellow, hairy, deeply seven to nine-lobed;
526:Flowers: May, when leaves are one-third grown.
934:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp.
665:Extensive confusion between the chestnut oak (
1097:Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) .
8:
963:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
503:, wedge-shaped or rounded at base, coarsely
696:to the chestnut oak is now accepted, since
1168:
273:
74:
47:
38:
931:Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them
914:Schafale, M. P. and A. S. Weakley. 1990.
562:scales hairy; stigmas short, bright red.
1546:Flora of the Southeastern United States
1541:Flora of the Northeastern United States
1015:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
993:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
881:United States Department of Agriculture
872:Germplasm Resources Information Network
814:
803:Central Appalachian dry oak–pine forest
630:
947:
945:
7:
1314:22001193-C747-4908-B55E-0ECD31269E94
1516:IUCN Red List least concern species
762:long-lived tree, with high-quality
534:(aments) two to three inches long;
1551:Flora of the Appalachian Mountains
1531:Trees of the Eastern United States
25:
625:and possibly swamp chestnut oak.
1467:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:296471-1
1155:
1139:
721:
645:
633:
601: in) long and 1–2 cm (
99:
688:or the latter otherwise called
420:inches) long and 6–10 cm (
692:. The application of the name
669:) and the swamp chestnut oak (
384:, the thickest of any eastern
352:. It is also sometimes called
1:
877:Agricultural Research Service
757:Chestnut oak growing on rock
455:this is not fully reliable.
1561:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
972:Harvard University Herbaria
928:Keeler, Harriet L. (1900).
356:because of its presence in
1577:
360:and other rocky habitats.
29:
1536:Trees of Northern America
968:Missouri Botanical Garden
849:Missouri Botanical Garden
661:Taxonomy and nomenclature
515:stout or slender, short.
293:
286:
281:
272:
255:
248:
96:Scientific classification
94:
72:
63:
55:
46:
41:
1556:Plants described in 1753
1044:Archibald William Smith
952:Nixon, Kevin C. (1997).
902:January 5, 2011, at the
459:Characteristics include:
392:are 12–20 centimetres (
1526:Hardwood forest plants
1152:) at Wikimedia Commons
1068:www.museum.state.il.us
970:, St. Louis, MO &
758:
519:linear to lanceolate,
336:. It is native to the
1107:. pp. 228, 231.
756:
558:green, stout, hairy;
344:southwest to central
338:eastern United States
652:The distinctive bark
530:are borne in hairy
66:Conservation status
58:Weiser State Forest
27:Species of oak tree
759:
733:. You can help by
548:Pistillate flowers
436:swamp chestnut oak
320:, is a species of
1503:
1502:
1423:Open Tree of Life
1174:Taxon identifiers
1144:Media related to
1114:978-1-4027-6715-9
1064:"Quercus montana"
751:
750:
690:Q. michauxii
672:Quercus michauxii
528:Staminate flowers
309:
308:
89:
32:Quercus michauxii
16:(Redirected from
1568:
1496:
1495:
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1470:
1469:
1457:
1456:
1444:
1443:
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1418:
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1160:Data related to
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974:, Cambridge, MA.
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819:
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705:specific epithet
649:
637:
620:
619:
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609:
605:
600:
599:
595:
592:
586:
585:
581:
495: in) wide,
494:
493:
489:
486:
469:Specific gravity
433:
432:
428:
425:
419:
418:
414:
411:
405:
404:
400:
397:
375:oak-heath forest
303:
277:
261:
227:
211:
104:
103:
83:
78:
77:
51:
39:
21:
1576:
1575:
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1506:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1491:
1486:
1478:
1473:
1465:
1460:
1452:
1447:
1439:
1434:
1426:
1421:
1413:
1408:
1400:
1395:
1387:
1386:MichiganFlora:
1385:
1377:
1372:
1364:
1359:
1351:
1346:
1338:
1333:
1325:
1320:
1312:
1307:
1299:
1294:
1286:
1281:
1273:
1268:
1260:
1255:
1247:
1242:
1234:
1229:
1221:
1219:
1212:Quercus montana
1210:
1209:
1204:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1182:Quercus montana
1176:
1162:Quercus montana
1146:Quercus montana
1136:
1131:
1130:
1115:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1081:
1072:
1070:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1043:
1039:
1026:
1022:
1009:Quercus montana
1005:
1004:
1000:
984:
983:
979:
956:Quercus montana
951:
950:
943:
927:
926:
922:
913:
909:
904:Wayback Machine
892:
888:
865:Quercus montana
861:
860:
856:
837:Quercus montana
833:
832:
828:
820:
816:
811:
799:
779:
747:
741:
738:
731:needs expansion
716:
694:Q. montana
686:Q. montana
667:Quercus montana
663:
658:
657:
656:
653:
650:
641:
638:
617:
613:
612:
607:
603:
602:
597:
593:
590:
588:
583:
579:
578:
546:bright yellow.
491:
487:
484:
482:
452:swamp white oak
430:
426:
423:
421:
416:
412:
409:
407:
402:
398:
395:
393:
370:Quercus montana
366:
326:white oak group
313:Quercus montana
299:
268:
263:
259:Quercus montana
257:
244:
241:Q. montana
225:
209:
98:
90:
79:
75:
68:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1574:
1572:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1493:wfo-0000292068
1484:
1471:
1458:
1445:
1432:
1419:
1406:
1393:
1383:
1370:
1357:
1344:
1331:
1318:
1305:
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1279:
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1202:
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1184:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1164:at Wikispecies
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1135:
1134:External links
1132:
1129:
1128:
1113:
1089:
1079:
1055:
1037:
1029:type specimens
1020:
998:
988:Quercus prinus
977:
941:
920:
907:
886:
854:
826:
813:
812:
810:
807:
806:
805:
798:
795:
778:
775:
749:
748:
728:
726:
715:
712:
698:Q. prinus
681:Quercus prinus
662:
659:
655:
654:
651:
644:
642:
639:
632:
629:
628:
627:
575:
574:
563:
524:
475:
472:
465:
386:North American
365:
362:
307:
306:
305:
304:
297:Quercus prinus
291:
290:
284:
283:
282:Natural range
279:
278:
270:
269:
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253:
252:
246:
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232:
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220:
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1398:
1394:
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1380:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1362:
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1341:
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1328:
1323:
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1228:
1224:
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1203:
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1185:
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1179:
1175:
1170:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1093:
1090:
1083:
1080:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:, p. 239, at
1049:
1048:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1033:Linnaean name
1030:
1024:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1002:
999:
994:
991:
989:
981:
978:
973:
969:
965:
964:
959:
957:
948:
946:
942:
937:
933:
932:
924:
921:
917:
911:
908:
905:
901:
898:
896:
890:
887:
882:
878:
874:
873:
868:
866:
858:
855:
850:
846:
845:
840:
838:
830:
827:
824:
818:
815:
808:
804:
801:
800:
796:
794:
791:
789:
785:
776:
774:
771:
767:
765:
755:
745:
736:
732:
729:This section
727:
724:
720:
719:
713:
711:
709:
706:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
682:
676:
674:
673:
668:
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648:
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631:
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572:
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564:
561:
557:
553:
549:
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541:
537:
533:
529:
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522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
480:
476:
473:
470:
466:
463:
462:
461:
460:
456:
453:
449:
445:
441:
440:chinkapin oak
437:
391:
387:
383:
378:
376:
371:
363:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
314:
302:
298:
295:
294:
292:
289:
285:
280:
276:
271:
267:
262:
260:
254:
251:
250:Binomial name
247:
243:
242:
237:
234:
233:
230:
229:
221:
218:
217:
214:
213:
205:
202:
201:
198:
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193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
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176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
126:Tracheophytes
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
102:
97:
93:
87:
82:
81:Least Concern
71:
67:
62:
59:
54:
50:
45:
42:Chestnut oak
40:
37:
33:
19:
1181:
1103:. New York:
1099:
1092:
1082:
1071:. Retrieved
1067:
1058:
1052:Google Books
1045:
1040:
1023:
1008:
1001:
987:
980:
962:
955:
930:
923:
915:
910:
894:
889:
870:
864:
857:
842:
836:
829:
817:
792:
788:Q. alba
787:
780:
769:
768:
760:
742:October 2011
739:
735:adding to it
730:
707:
702:
697:
693:
689:
685:
680:
679:
677:
670:
666:
664:
640:Leaf cluster
576:
458:
457:
379:
369:
367:
353:
333:
329:
318:chestnut oak
317:
312:
311:
310:
296:
258:
256:
240:
239:
223:
207:
195:
158:
145:
132:
119:
36:
18:Chestnut oak
1322:iNaturalist
1206:Wikispecies
571:tuberculate
364:Description
346:Mississippi
139:Angiosperms
1510:Categories
1441:kew-174002
1436:Plant List
1073:2019-02-01
809:References
770:Q. montana
703:The Latin
560:involucral
501:lanceolate
499:to oblong-
203:Subgenus:
1275:233501064
1123:244766414
678:The name
567:turbinate
556:peduncles
550:in short
509:convolute
505:crenately
479:Alternate
444:white oak
388:oak. The
235:Species:
219:Section:
109:Kingdom:
1480:13100105
1475:Tropicos
1353:10604570
1340:296471-1
1197:Q1735296
1191:Wikidata
1150:category
1105:Sterling
1087:409-420.
1031:for the
900:Archived
844:Tropicos
797:See also
542:7 to 9;
521:caducous
517:Stipules
513:Petioles
477:Leaves:
354:rock oak
350:Michigan
288:Synonyms
224:Quercus
208:Quercus
185:Fagaceae
181:Family:
152:Eudicots
86:IUCN 3.1
1521:Quercus
1397:MoBotPF
1288:2881118
1249:1151431
714:Ecology
708:montana
623:bur oak
616:⁄
606:⁄
596:⁄
582:⁄
544:anthers
540:stamens
532:catkins
497:obovate
490:⁄
429:⁄
415:⁄
401:⁄
358:montane
334:Quercus
330:Quercus
324:in the
228:Quercus
212:Quercus
196:Quercus
191:Genus:
175:Fagales
171:Order:
113:Plantae
84: (
1449:PLANTS
1428:252507
1415:167432
1402:366134
1379:194201
1327:128686
1301:400316
1121:
1111:
1011:Willd"
784:tannin
764:timber
552:spikes
448:acorns
390:leaves
332:sect.
316:, the
266:Willd.
165:Rosids
1454:QUMO4
1366:19379
1348:IRMNG
1309:IFPNI
1262:QUEPR
1236:4R5KM
1220:APA:
938:–344.
823:2021.
536:calyx
342:Maine
226:sect.
210:subg.
159:Clade
146:Clade
133:Clade
120:Clade
1462:POWO
1410:NCBI
1389:1379
1374:IUCN
1361:ITIS
1335:IPNI
1296:GRIN
1283:GBIF
1257:EPPO
1223:2171
1119:OCLC
1109:ISBN
777:Uses
438:and
382:bark
1488:WFO
1270:FNA
1244:EoL
1231:CoL
990:L."
936:338
737:.
322:oak
56:In
1512::
1490::
1477::
1464::
1451::
1438::
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1399::
1376::
1363::
1350::
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1298::
1285::
1272::
1259::
1246::
1233::
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1117:.
1066:.
1013:.
944:^
879:,
875:.
869:.
847:.
841:.
554:;
377:.
328:,
301:L.
161::
148::
135::
122::
1148:(
1125:.
1076:.
1017:.
1007:"
995:.
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958:"
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883:.
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851:.
839:"
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744:)
740:(
618:4
614:3
611:–
608:8
604:3
598:4
594:1
591:+
589:1
587:–
584:2
580:1
523:.
492:2
488:1
485:+
483:4
431:4
427:1
424:+
422:2
417:4
413:3
410:+
408:7
406:–
403:4
399:3
396:+
394:4
88:)
34:.
20:)
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