864:. An endgame tablebase includes all possible endgame positions with a small amount of material. Each position is conclusively determined as a win, loss, or draw for the player whose turn it is to move, and the number of moves to the end with best play by both sides. The tablebase identifies for every position the move which will win the fastest against an optimal defense, or the move that will lose the slowest against an optimal offense. Such tablebases are available for all chess endgames with seven pieces or fewer (trivial endgame positions are excluded, such as six white pieces versus a lone black
846:
1119:, and in June 2011, the ICGA formally claimed Rybka was derived from Fruit and Crafty and banned Rybka from the International Computer Games Association World Computer Chess Championship, and revoked its previous victories (2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010). The ICGA received some criticism for this decision. Despite all this, Rybka is still included on many rating lists, such as CCRL and CEGT, in addition to
47:
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The results of computer tournaments give one view of the relative strengths of chess engines. However, tournaments do not play a statistically significant number of games for accurate strength determination. In fact, the number of games that need to be played between fairly evenly matched engines, in
890:
chess playing program started using distributed computing to make improvements in the software code. As of June 2017, a total of more than 745 years of CPU time has been used to play more than 485 million chess games, with the results being used to make small and incremental improvements to the
841:
Chess engines increase in playing strength continually. This is partly due to the increase in processing power that enables calculations to be made to ever greater depths in a given time. In addition, programming techniques have improved, enabling the engines to be more selective in the lines that
618:
By the mid-2000s, engines had become so strong that they were able to beat even the best human players. Except for entertainment purposes, especially using engines with limited strength, matches between humans and engines are now rare; engines are increasingly regarded as tools for analysis rather
852:
Some chess engines maintain a database of chess positions, along with previously-computed evaluations and best moves—in effect, a kind of "dictionary" of recurring chess positions. Since these positions are pre-computed, the engine merely plays one of the indicated moves in the database, thereby
912:, as calibrated by one of the rating lists. Most GUIs for UCI engines allow users to set this Elo rating within the menus. Even engines that have not adopted this parameter will sometimes have an adjustable strength parameter (e.g. Stockfish 11). Engines which have a uci_elo parameter include
1646:
engines to their product line up, packaging them within the same GUI as was used for Fritz. In the late 1990s, the Fritz GUI was able to run
Winboard engines via an adapter, but after 2000, Chessbase simply added support for UCI engines, and no longer invested much effort in Winboard.
871:
When the maneuvering in an ending to achieve an irreversible improvement takes more moves than the horizon of calculation of a chess engine, an engine is not guaranteed to find the best move without the use of an endgame tablebase, and in many cases can fall foul of the
1084:(or similar rating methods), have no direct relation to FIDE Elo ratings or to other chess federation ratings of human players. Except for some man versus machine games which the SSDF had organized many years ago (when engines were far from today's strength), there is
1553:. The World Team voters resigned on October 22. After the game, Kasparov said: "It is the greatest game in the history of chess. The sheer number of ideas, the complexity, and the contribution it has made to chess make it the most important game ever played."
1502:
Engines can be tested by measuring their performance on specific positions. Typical is the use of test suites where for each given position there is one best move to find. These positions can be geared towards positional, tactical or endgame play. The
842:
they analyze and to acquire a better positional understanding. A chess engine often uses a vast previously-computed opening "book" to increase its playing strength for the first several moves, up to possibly 20 moves or more in deeply analyzed lines.
899:
By the late 1990s, the top engines had become so strong that few players stood a chance of winning a game against them. To give players more of a chance, engines began to include settings to adjust or limit their strength. In 2000, when
891:
chess-playing software. In 2019, Ethereal author Andrew Grant started the distributed computing testing framework OpenBench, based upon
Stockfish's testing framework, and it is now the most widely-used testing framework for chess engines.
974:
order to achieve significance, runs into the thousands and is, therefore, impractical within the framework of a tournament. Most tournaments also allow any types of hardware, so only engine/hardware combinations are being compared.
505:
that the user can interact with via a keyboard, mouse or touchscreen. This allows the user to play against multiple engines without learning a new user interface for each, and allows different engines to play against each other.
1669:, a free GUI for Linux, Mac and Windows. Martin Blume developed Arena, another free GUI for Linux and Windows. Lucas Monge entered the field with the free Lucas Chess GUI. All three can handle both UCI and Winboard engines.
1181:
Some rating lists only test an engine against the most recent version of each opponent engine, while other rating lists test an engine against the version(s) of each opponent engine closest in elo to the engine being
1173:. This is particularly problematic for CCRL because CCRL uses both cyclic/repeating time controls (40/15) and increment time controls (15"+10') in its CCRL 40/15 list yet maintains both time controls on the same list.
2055:
1162:
Increment time controls are better suited for determining tournament play strength since tournaments usually use increment time controls, but many rating lists use cyclic/repeating time controls instead.
813:
From 1998, the German company
Millenium 2000 briefly moved from dedicated chess computers into the software market, developing the Millennium Chess System (MCS) protocol for a series of CD's containing
1069:
Chess engine rating lists aim to provide statistically significant measures of relative engine strength. These lists play multiple games between engines. Some also standardize the opening books, the
981:
in 2005), then it is quickly commercialized. Titles gained in these tournaments garner much prestige for the winning programs, and are thus used for marketing purposes. However, after the rise of
960:, and Aquarium also have independent means of limiting an engine's strength apparently based on an engine's ability to generate ranked lists of moves (called multipv for 'principle variation').
827:
but after 2001 ceased releasing new software. A more longstanding engine protocol has been used by the Dutch company, Lokasoft, which eventually took over the marketing of Ed Schröder's
2300:
1672:
On
Android, Aart Bik came out with Chess for Android, another free GUI, and Gerhard Kalab's Chess PGN Master and Peter Osterlund's Droidfish can also serve as GUIs for engines.
1159:
Longer time controls are better suited for determining tournament play strength, but also either make testing more time-consuming or the results less statistically significant.
1077:
the engines use, in an attempt to measure the strength differences of the engines only. These lists provide not only a ranking, but also margins of error on the given ratings.
1053:
1541:. Both sides used computer (chess engine) assistance. The "World Team" included the participation of over 50,000 people from more than 75 countries, deciding their moves by
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as a 'Schach-motor,' the German translation for 'chess engine.' By early 1993, Marty Hirsch was drawing a distinction between commercial chess programs such as
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1507:
test suite, for instance, focuses on deep sacrifices. The BT2450 and BT2630 test suites measure the tactical capability of a chess engine and have been used by
2356:
611:(PGN) specification. It mentions PGN reading programs not needing to have a "full chess engine." It also mentions three "graphical user interfaces" (GUI):
527:, running it on "Chess Engine," their brand name for the chess computer hardware made, and marketed by their company Sys-10, Inc. By 1990 the developers of
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1515:. The Strategic Test Suite (STS) tests an engine's strategical strength. Another modern test suite is Nightmare II which contains 30 chess puzzles.
92:
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Historically, commercial programs have been the strongest engines. If an amateur engine wins a tournament or otherwise performs well (for example,
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protocol they included the parameters uci_limitstrength and uci_elo allowing engine authors to offer a variety of levels rated in accordance with
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1969:
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Tim's answer formed the basis for what became known as the Chess Engine
Communication Protocol or Winboard engines, originally a subset of the
539:, were writing of giving their program a 'searching engine,' apparently referring to the software rather than the hardware. In December 1991,
434:
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For larger boards, however, there are few chess engines that can play effectively, and indeed chess games played on an unbounded chessboard (
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on the other. In his characterization, commercial chess programs were low in price, had fancy graphics, but did not place high on the SSDF (
56:
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103:
2250:
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The meaning of the term "chess engine" has evolved over time. In 1986, Linda and Tony
Scherzer entered their program Bebe into the 4th
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and
Lokasoft's ChessPartner also added the ability to import Winboard and UCI engines into their products. Shane Hudson developed
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because multiple testers each with their own unique hardware are involved in testing each engine in CEGT. The same issue arises in
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2275:
4422:
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Chess
Explorer, and Martin Blume's Arena have dropdown menus for setting the engine's uci_elo parameter. The Fritz family GUIs,
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Consistent time controls throughout the rating list vs different time controls for each test. The latter results in a smaller
1115:, all these engines have been blacklisted from many tournaments and rating lists. Rybka in turn was accused of being based on
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have been ported to
Chessbase format even though they were UCI or Winboard engines. Recently, Chessbase has begun to include
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666: 4 as a separate engine. This was the first appearance of the Chessbase protocol. Soon after, they added the engines
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engine as a separate program within the
Chessbase database program and within the Fritz GUI. Soon after, they added the
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program. He wanted to focus on the chess playing part rather than the graphics, and so asked Tim Mann how he could get
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Consistent hardware throughout the rating list vs different hardware for every test. The latter results in a smaller
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Computer-schach & Spiele would later start using the English word 'engine,' eg. 1997#6 when describing Fritz or
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to their product line up, including engines in CB protocol as separate programs which could be installed in the
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Most rating lists do not test every engine on the rating list vs every other engine on the rating list in a
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Feng-hsiung Hsu, Thomas Anantharaman, Murray Campbell and Andreas Nowatzyk. "A Grandmaster Chess Machine."
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Lomonosov website allowing registered user to access 7-piece tablebase, and a forum with positions found.
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included the option to import other Winboard engines in addition to the King engine which was included.
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program or one of the other Fritz style GUI's. Fritz 1-14 were only issued as Chessbase engines, while
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Many chess engines are now available for mobile phones and tablets, making them even more accessible.
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soon after dropped support for Winboard engines, and added support for UCI to their engine GUI's and
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1123:, a derivative of the IPPOLIT derivative Robbolito, and Fire, a derivative of Houdini. In addition,
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3203:
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2906:
2108:"Github - AndyGrant/OpenBench: OpenBench is a Distributed SPRT Testing Framework for Chess Engines"
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These differences affect the results, and make direct comparisons between rating lists difficult.
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113:
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1588:) are virtually untouched by chess-playing software, although theoretically a program using a
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programs have largely displaced commercial programs as the strongest engines in tournaments.
880:(continuing to calculate during the opponent's turn) as a method to increase their strength.
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1545:. The game lasted four months, ending after Kasparov's 62nd move when he announced a forced
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between any of these rating lists and player pools. Hence, the results which matter are the
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is also used to improve the software code of chess engines. In 2013, the developers of the
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Ponder settings (speculative analysis while the opponent is thinking) aka Permanent Brain.
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1511:. There is also a general test suite called Brilliancy which was compiled mostly from
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2883:- A general (learning) purpose Chess Engine's Polyglot Opening Book for WinBoard GUI.
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2301:"Rybka disqualified and banned from World Computer Chess Championships | ChessVibes"
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format. This causes distortions in the rating lists, especially for CCRL and CEGT.
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GUI of his own design, allowing UCI or Winboard engines to be imported into it.
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816:
689:
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positions, and generates a move or list of moves that it regards as strongest.
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572:
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There are a number of factors that vary among the chess engine rating lists:
580:) rating lists while engines were more expensive, and did have high ratings.
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2850:"Computer_chess:wiki:lists:gui_protocol_support_list - Computer Chess Wiki"
2472:
1330:
1325:
1215:
favor engines using vectors and vector intrinsics in their code, common in
1127:, a derivative of Stockfish, is also included on most of the rating lists.
2016:
1947:
1749:"4th World Computer Chess Championship - New York 1983 (ICGA Tournaments)"
4285:
3566:
3328:
2721:
2107:
1876:"Standard: Portable Game Notation Specification and Implementation Guide"
1608:
1534:
1281:
1201:
996:
and testing frameworks such as FishTest and OpenBench in the late 2010s,
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502:
213:
2085:
1986:
1335:
3002:
1354:
1120:
1100:
803:
163:
3144:
1519:
Kasparov versus the World (chess game played with computer assistance)
844:
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1820:
1620:
1604:
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1570:
1212:
953:
929:
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363:
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278:
248:
233:
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appeared which used the Winboard protocol. Eventually, the program
1320:
739:, a more detailed protocol that introduced a wider set of features.
2251:"Chess engine controversy at chessvibes.com, retrieved 28/May/2010"
2200:"Free chess graphical user interface (GUI) Arena for chess engines"
1976:
An example chess position found from the Lomonosov chess tablebase.
1846:
2922:
2886:
1504:
1489:
1445:
1414:
1404:
1372:
1112:
1108:
1080:
The ratings on the rating lists, although calculated by using the
921:
779:
724:
467:
378:
1433:
1315:
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played a chess game called "Kasparov versus the World" over the
1474:
1310:
1248:
1244:
1208:
2895:
1169:
than the former because different time controls is a potential
583:
In 1994, Shay Bushinsky was working on an early version of his
2780:
1484:
1479:
1438:
2327:"A Gross Miscarriage of Justice in Computer Chess (part one)"
1410:
Historic rating lists and rating list organizations include:
2166:
2137:
1277:
Current rating lists and rating list organizations include:
1918:
853:
saving computing time, resulting in stronger, faster play.
63:
2413:"CCRL 40/15, 2m1s and FRC 40/2 lists updated (21-10-2023)"
1239:
than the former because different hardware is a potential
1777:
1200:
64-bit (vs. 32-bit) hardware and operating systems favor
493:. Engines are usually used with a front end, a windowed
2891:
1342:
1197:
Faster hardware with more memory leads to stronger play.
747:
programs. Most of the top engines are UCI these days:
662:
released a version of their database program including
2881:
Chess Engine's Polyglot Opening Book for WinBoard GUI
1729:
Creating a chess engine from scratch (Part 1: Basics)
1615:(GUI). Tim Mann created it to provide a GUI for the
2167:"ChessOK Shop, Software, Training, Equipment, Books"
4565:
4468:
4321:
4196:
4142:
4005:
3847:
3787:
3778:
3689:
3557:
3418:
3319:
3155:
3059:
2929:
1468:
1427:
1054:
International Paderborn Computer Chess Championship
1150:Formulae used to calculate the elo of each engine.
1096:between the ratings, and not the absolute values.
703:(UCI) engines in their playing programs such as
2357:"Free Houdini beats commercial Rybka 23.5-16.5"
1675:The Computer Chess Wiki lists many chess GUIs.
1561:Some chess engines have been developed to play
1207:Hardware using modern instruction sets such as
728:rather than convert them to Chessbase engines.
2671:"Uups - Oops: Link-Fehler und URL-Umleitungen"
2359:. Chessvibes. 10 February 2010. Archived from
1619:engine, but after that, other engines such as
1103:and its derivatives. Although very strong and
860:to increase their playing strength during the
607:Also in 1994, Stephen J. Edwards released the
2907:
1592:-derived algorithm could handle an unbounded
1569:, or to analyze play on non-standard boards.
1232:Multiprocessor vs. single processor hardware.
564:on the one hand, and 'chess engines' such as
435:
8:
2443:"Experimental testruns of Stockfish / Torch"
1549:in 28 moves found with the computer program
27:Computer program for chess analysis and game
3784:
2914:
2900:
2892:
1059:North American Computer Chess Championship
442:
428:
29:
2048:"Fishtest Distributed Testing Framework"
1919:"Home - Lokasoft - Home of ChessPartner"
1565:, adding the necessary code to simulate
2194:
2192:
1720:
1654:started selling Shredder in a separate
1243:. This is particularly problematic for
1025:World Computer Speed Chess Championship
37:
2834:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2827:
1043:Dutch Open Computer Chess Championship
627:Common Winboard engines would include
2118:from the original on 23 December 2021
2078:"Stockfish Testing Framework - Users"
1032:Chess.com Computer Chess Championship
104:Efficiently updatable neural networks
33:This article is part of the series on
7:
2791:from the original on 21 January 2021
2651:from the original on 18 January 2017
2611:"BRILLIANCY TEST SUITE (2 min/move)"
2231:from the original on 29 January 2013
1967:"Who wins from this? (chess puzzle)"
1832:"The True Value of Chess Software."
2585:"Rebel Century FAQ: 3. Using Rebel"
2337:from the original on 7 January 2012
2325:Riis, Dr. Søren (January 2, 2012).
1513:How to Reassess Your Chess Workbook
1178:Opponents used in testing engines.
1141:More games when testing each engine
1099:Missing from many rating lists are
615:, pgnRead and Slappy the database.
2514:from the original on 30 April 2024
2058:from the original on 19 April 2014
1997:from the original on 22 March 2014
1667:Shane's Chess Information Database
1048:Internet Computer Chess Tournament
578:Swedish Chess Computer Association
25:
2681:from the original on 15 June 2024
2621:from the original on 26 June 2022
2591:from the original on 3 March 2016
2453:from the original on 15 June 2024
2423:from the original on 15 June 2024
2382:The Stockfish Team (2021-07-21).
2177:from the original on 26 June 2022
2027:from the original on 16 June 2013
1929:from the original on 26 June 2022
1019:World Computer Chess Championship
525:World Computer Chess Championship
4660:
4331:List of strong chess tournaments
2732:from the original on 6 July 2022
2483:from the original on 24 May 2022
1788:from the original on 1 July 2022
1131:Differences between rating lists
109:Handcrafted evaluation functions
45:
3304:Gökyay Association Chess Museum
2860:from the original on 2018-11-30
2762:from the original on 2018-11-20
2394:from the original on 2021-07-21
2384:"Our lawsuit against ChessBase"
2148:from the original on 2022-02-16
1889:from the original on 2007-08-22
1857:from the original on 2018-11-30
2046:Costalba, Marco (1 May 2013).
1305:Chess Engines Grand Tournament
1038:Historic tournaments include:
876:as a result. Many engines use
1:
4429:Computer chess championships
2726:Lucaschess.pythonanywhere.com
1987:"Stockfish Testing Framework"
1907:Computer-schach & Spiele.
1013:Top Chess Engine Championship
1008:Current tournaments include:
904:and Franz Huber released the
895:Limiting an engine's strength
735:and Franz Huber released the
1349:Mac Chess Engine Rating List
541:Computer-schach & Spiele
4206:Bishop and knight checkmate
1415:Computer Chess Rating Lists
1383:Ipman Chess Intel i7 11800H
1378:Ipman Chess Intel i9 7980XE
1282:Computer Chess Rating Lists
124:Stochastic gradient descent
4714:
4374:Other world championships
2502:Ray Banks (Modern Times).
1836:1992-3. vol. 3 no. 2 p. 22
1557:Engines for chess variants
1522:
1343:Stefan Pohl Computer Chess
1259:Transposition table sizes.
516:
174:Principal variation search
4655:
4216:Opposite-coloured bishops
1613:graphical user interfaces
1600:Graphical user interfaces
1567:non-standard chess pieces
1525:Kasparov versus the World
1490:FGRL 16 Cores vs RTX 2070
1223:Graphics processing units
906:Universal Chess Interface
737:Universal Chess Interface
701:Universal Chess Interface
4348:World Chess Championship
3309:World Chess Hall of Fame
1991:Tests.stockfishchess.org
1847:"XBoard Project History"
1738:, Link date 28 June 2012
1611:was one of the earliest
1398:Ipman Chess List i3 M380
1237:statistical significance
1167:statistical significance
1145:statistical significance
894:
604:command line interface.
519:History of chess engines
495:graphical user interface
4642:Simultaneous exhibition
4552:Chess newspaper columns
4241:Rook and bishop vs rook
4226:Queen and pawn vs queen
2082:Test.stockfishchess.org
1834:Computer Chess Reports.
856:Some chess engines use
184:Monte Carlo tree search
4092:Richter–Veresov Attack
4080:Queen's Indian Defence
2887:Chess Programming Wiki
2703:, Dublin: Chess Mail.
2641:"Strategic Test Suite"
2225:"mizarchessengine.com"
1948:http://tb7.chessok.com
1705:List of chess software
1265:Opening book settings.
1187:round-robin tournament
849:
609:Portable Game Notation
487:command-line interface
294:Dragon by Komodo Chess
119:Reinforcement learning
4358:Candidates Tournament
4246:Rook and pawn vs rook
4211:King and pawn vs king
4162:List of chess gambits
4065:King's Indian Defence
3743:Isolated Queen's Pawn
3267:List of chess players
3209:Top player comparison
3008:Internet chess server
1700:Internet chess server
1388:Ipman Chess i7 2670QM
1355:Anti Draw Rating List
986:distributed computing
952:, Convekta Aquarium,
884:Distributed computing
848:
547:'s recently released
139:Unsupervised learning
57:Board representations
4070:Nimzo-Indian Defence
3966:Scandinavian Defense
3927:Semi-Italian Opening
3832:King's Indian Attack
3721:first-move advantage
3374:Threefold repetition
3299:Bobby Fischer Center
3184:Charlemagne chessmen
3178:Göttingen manuscript
2983:Correspondence chess
2752:"Aart Bik's Website"
2701:64 Great Chess Games
2699:Harding, T. (2002).
2583:Rosenboom, Manfred.
1808:Scientific American.
1695:Correspondence chess
1469:FastGM's Rating List
1428:FastGM's Rating List
1393:Ipman Chess i7 5960x
1273:List of rating lists
1227:deep neural networks
1225:favor programs with
998:free and open source
593:to communicate with
489:with no graphics or
89:Deep neural networks
82:Evaluation functions
4303:Two knights endgame
4050:Bogo-Indian Defence
3937:Two Knights Defense
3877:Nimzowitsch Defence
3567:Artificial castling
3204:Soviet chess school
3079:Dubrovnik chess set
2785:Pgnmaster.kalab.com
2677:. 10 October 2010.
2559:"BT2450 test suite"
1652:Stefan Meyer-Kahlen
1634:began offering the
1004:List of tournaments
902:Stefan Meyer-Kahlen
837:Increasing strength
733:Stefan Meyer-Kahlen
619:than as opponents.
129:Supervised learning
114:Piece-square tables
4533:endgame literature
4075:Old Indian Defense
3985:Accelerated Dragon
3857:Alekhine's Defence
3589:Checkmate patterns
3458:symbols in Unicode
3453:annotation symbols
3216:Geography of chess
3084:Staunton chess set
2854:Computer-chess.org
2781:"Chess PGN Master"
2675:Glarean-magazin.ch
2534:"Nolot test suite"
2388:Stockfishchess.org
2021:Stockfishchess.org
1972:2020-11-11 at the
1953:2020-12-01 at the
1734:2012-03-08 at the
1463:Gambit Rating List
1451:Ipman Chess i7 970
858:endgame tablebases
850:
623:Interface protocol
169:Alpha-beta pruning
4680:
4679:
4557:Chess periodicals
4486:Chess in the arts
4418:Chess composition
4256:Philidor position
4192:
4191:
4134:Trompowsky Attack
4117:Semi-Slav Defence
4007:Queen's Pawn Game
3887:Four Knights Game
3862:Caro–Kann Defence
3827:Zukertort Opening
3614:Discovered attack
3334:Cheating in chess
3171:Versus de scachis
2142:Chess.grantnet.us
1753:Game-ai-forum.org
1421:CCRL 40/2 Archive
1143:result in higher
1139:Number of games.
1075:computer hardware
988:projects such as
452:
451:
179:Quiescence search
158:search algorithms
39:Chess programming
16:(Redirected from
4705:
4667:Chess portal
4665:
4664:
4608:Leela Chess Zero
4539:Oxford Companion
4491:early literature
4481:Chess aesthetics
4221:Pawnless endgame
4172:Bongcloud Attack
4150:List of openings
4122:Chigorin Defense
4060:GrĂĽnfeld Defence
3971:Sicilian Defence
3917:Ponziani Opening
3912:Philidor Defence
3907:Petrov's Defence
3849:King's Pawn Game
3822:Larsen's Opening
3785:
3146:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2893:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2833:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2813:. Archived from
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2718:
2712:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2645:Sites.google.com
2637:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2561:. Archived from
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2536:. Archived from
2530:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2363:on 10 April 2014
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2303:. Archived from
2297:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2278:. Archived from
2272:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2253:. Archived from
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2202:. Archived from
2196:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2171:Shop.chessok.com
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2084:. Archived from
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1983:
1977:
1964:
1958:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1915:
1909:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1883:Thechessdrum.net
1880:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1843:
1837:
1830:
1824:
1817:
1811:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1755:. Archived from
1745:
1739:
1725:
1579:Capablanca Chess
1537:, hosted by the
1021:(WCCC and WCSC)
990:Leela Chess Zero
944:. GUIs such as
762:Leela Chess Zero
464:computer program
444:
437:
430:
349:Leela Chess Zero
49:
30:
21:
4713:
4712:
4708:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4683:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4659:
4651:
4561:
4547:Chess libraries
4464:
4368:FIDE Grand Prix
4363:Chess World Cup
4317:
4313:Wrong rook pawn
4251:Lucena position
4188:
4138:
4055:Catalan Opening
4030:English Defence
4015:Budapest Gambit
4001:
3959:Austrian Attack
3843:
3812:English Opening
3774:
3770:School of chess
3753:Minority attack
3685:
3654:Queen sacrifice
3553:
3414:
3410:White and Black
3405:Touch-move rule
3364:Perpetual check
3359:Fifty-move rule
3315:
3151:
3148:
3055:
2925:
2920:
2877:
2872:
2863:
2861:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2826:
2820:
2818:
2811:"Archived copy"
2809:
2808:
2804:
2794:
2792:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2765:
2763:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2735:
2733:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2698:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2654:
2652:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2624:
2622:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2594:
2592:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2568:
2566:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2543:
2541:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2517:
2515:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2486:
2484:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2456:
2454:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2426:
2424:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2397:
2395:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2364:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2310:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2285:
2283:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2260:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2209:
2207:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2180:
2178:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2151:
2149:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2121:
2119:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2088:on 25 June 2018
2076:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2030:
2028:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1998:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1974:Wayback Machine
1965:
1961:
1955:Wayback Machine
1946:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1901:
1892:
1890:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1860:
1858:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1831:
1827:
1818:
1814:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1762:
1760:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1736:Wayback Machine
1727:blog.chess.com
1726:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1681:
1663:Chess Assistant
1602:
1559:
1539:MSN Gaming Zone
1527:
1521:
1500:
1275:
1217:neural networks
1204:-based programs
1194:Hardware used:
1133:
1067:
1006:
971:
966:
958:Chess Assistant
950:Chess Assistant
897:
878:permanent brain
874:fifty-move rule
839:
625:
537:Murray Campbell
533:Feng-hsiung Hsu
521:
515:
448:
419:
418:
264:
254:
253:
199:
197:Chess computers
189:
188:
159:
144:
143:
84:
74:
73:
59:
28:
23:
22:
18:Chess computers
15:
12:
11:
5:
4711:
4709:
4701:
4700:
4698:Computer chess
4695:
4685:
4684:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4627:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4590:
4588:Chess composer
4585:
4580:
4575:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4535:
4530:
4520:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4483:
4478:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4443:North American
4440:
4435:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4336:Chess Olympiad
4333:
4327:
4325:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4202:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4182:Scholar's mate
4179:
4174:
4164:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4146:
4144:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4097:Queen's Gambit
4094:
4089:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4040:Benoni Defence
4035:Indian Defence
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4011:
4009:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3978:
3968:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3951:
3949:Owen's Defence
3946:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3879:
3874:
3872:Modern Defence
3869:
3867:French Defence
3864:
3859:
3853:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3802:Bird's Opening
3799:
3793:
3791:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3733:Pawn structure
3730:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3577:Alekhine's gun
3569:
3563:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3499:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3490:Half-open file
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3433:Chess notation
3430:
3424:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3390:
3388:Pawn promotion
3385:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3291:
3289:Women in chess
3286:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3264:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3235:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3199:Hypermodernism
3196:
3194:Romantic chess
3191:
3189:Lewis chessmen
3186:
3181:
3174:
3161:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3142:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3065:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3027:world rankings
3019:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3005:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2956:Computer chess
2953:
2952:
2951:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2876:
2875:External links
2873:
2871:
2870:
2841:
2802:
2772:
2743:
2713:
2692:
2662:
2632:
2602:
2575:
2550:
2525:
2494:
2473:"CEGT Testers"
2464:
2434:
2404:
2374:
2348:
2331:Chessbase News
2317:
2292:
2267:
2242:
2216:
2188:
2158:
2129:
2099:
2069:
2038:
2017:"Get Involved"
2008:
1978:
1959:
1940:
1910:
1899:
1867:
1838:
1825:
1812:
1799:
1769:
1740:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1690:Computer chess
1687:
1685:Chess variants
1680:
1677:
1601:
1598:
1586:infinite chess
1581:(10Ă—8 board).
1563:chess variants
1558:
1555:
1543:plurality vote
1531:Garry Kasparov
1523:Main article:
1520:
1517:
1499:
1496:
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1493:
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1333:
1328:
1323:
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1313:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1288:CCRL Blitz 2+1
1274:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1233:
1230:
1220:
1205:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1163:
1160:
1151:
1148:
1132:
1129:
1086:no calibration
1066:
1063:
1062:
1061:
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1016:
1005:
1002:
970:
967:
965:
962:
896:
893:
838:
835:
624:
621:
517:Main article:
514:
511:
466:that analyzes
456:computer chess
450:
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42:
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35:
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26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4710:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4693:Chess engines
4691:
4690:
4688:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4657:
4654:
4648:
4647:Solving chess
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4637:Chess prodigy
4635:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4620:Chess problem
4618:
4614:
4611:
4609:
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4604:
4601:
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4540:
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4534:
4531:
4529:
4528:opening books
4526:
4525:
4524:
4521:
4517:
4516:short stories
4514:
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4509:
4507:
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4502:
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4489:
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4469:Art and media
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4309:
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4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4281:triangulation
4279:
4277:
4276:Tarrasch rule
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4236:Queen vs rook
4234:
4232:
4231:Queen vs pawn
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
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4203:
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4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4087:London System
4085:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4045:Modern Benoni
4043:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4025:Dutch Defence
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4004:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3972:
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3964:
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3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3902:King's Gambit
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
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3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3817:Grob's Attack
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3807:Dunst Opening
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3797:Benko Opening
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3789:Flank opening
3786:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
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3754:
3751:
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3573:
3570:
3568:
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3560:
3556:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3544:Transposition
3542:
3540:
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3528:
3525:
3523:
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3513:
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3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3294:Chess museums
3292:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3262:Notable games
3260:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3222:
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3217:
3214:
3210:
3207:
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3200:
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3172:
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3147:
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3139:
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3131:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
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3102:
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3097:
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3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3051:World records
3049:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3022:Rating system
3020:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
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2903:
2898:
2897:
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2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2845:
2842:
2837:
2831:
2817:on 2018-12-10
2816:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2773:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2722:"Lucas Chess"
2717:
2714:
2710:
2709:0-9538536-4-0
2706:
2702:
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2680:
2676:
2672:
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2646:
2642:
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2633:
2620:
2616:
2615:Talkchess.com
2612:
2606:
2603:
2590:
2586:
2579:
2576:
2565:on 2007-09-07
2564:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2540:on 2007-08-17
2539:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2513:
2509:
2508:talkchess.com
2505:
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2468:
2465:
2452:
2448:
2447:talkchess.com
2444:
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2422:
2418:
2417:talkchess.com
2414:
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2352:
2349:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2318:
2307:on 2012-03-02
2306:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2282:on 2011-08-11
2281:
2277:
2271:
2268:
2257:on 2010-05-28
2256:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2206:on 2007-03-14
2205:
2201:
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2117:
2113:
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2100:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2057:
2053:
2052:Talkchess.com
2049:
2042:
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2026:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2009:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1979:
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1842:
1839:
1835:
1829:
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1822:
1816:
1813:
1810:October 1990.
1809:
1803:
1800:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1759:on 2018-12-02
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1279:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1264:
1262:GUI settings.
1261:
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1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1228:
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1199:
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1130:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1111:. Due to the
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1071:time controls
1064:
1060:
1057:
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1049:
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1044:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1033:
1030:
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987:
984:
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975:
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771:
769:
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751:
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729:
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726:
721:
719:
715:
713:
709:
707:
702:
698:
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692:
691:
687:
684:
682:
677:
673:
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610:
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587:
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568:
563:
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546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
520:
512:
510:
507:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
481:is usually a
480:
475:
473:
472:chess variant
469:
465:
461:
457:
445:
440:
438:
433:
431:
426:
425:
423:
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415:
412:
410:
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295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
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280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
266:
263:
262:Chess engines
258:
257:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
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107:
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100:
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67:
65:
62:
61:
58:
53:
52:
48:
44:
43:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
4593:Chess engine
4592:
4578:Chess boxing
4538:
4308:Wrong bishop
4155:theory table
4129:Torre Attack
4112:Slav Defence
4020:Colle System
3995:Scheveningen
3954:Pirc Defence
3897:Italian Game
3892:Giuoco Piano
3837:RĂ©ti Opening
3760:Piece values
3748:MarĂłczy Bind
3709:the exchange
3699:Compensation
3629:Interference
3619:Double check
3393:Time control
3380:
3354:by agreement
3282:grandmasters
3226:South Africa
3176:
3169:
3145:Score sheets
3091:Chess pieces
2998:Online chess
2970:
2944:Chess titles
2939:Chess theory
2862:. Retrieved
2853:
2844:
2819:. Retrieved
2815:the original
2805:
2793:. Retrieved
2784:
2775:
2764:. Retrieved
2755:
2746:
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2595:25 September
2593:. Retrieved
2578:
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2563:the original
2553:
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2538:the original
2528:
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2507:
2504:"ShashChess"
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2305:the original
2295:
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2280:the original
2276:"Evaluation"
2270:
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2255:the original
2245:
2235:25 September
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1851:Tim-mann.org
1850:
1841:
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1828:
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1790:. Retrieved
1781:
1778:"New SYS-10"
1772:
1761:. Retrieved
1757:the original
1752:
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1674:
1671:
1660:
1649:
1629:
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1528:
1512:
1501:
1485:FGRL 60"+15'
1475:FGRL 1"+0.6'
1434:FGRL 4"+2.4'
1409:
1276:
1268:
1154:Time control
1134:
1098:
1093:
1089:
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1079:
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594:
590:
584:
582:
571:
565:
561:Battle Chess
559:
552:
543:referred to
540:
522:
508:
476:
460:chess engine
459:
453:
261:
229:Deep Thought
209:ChessMachine
134:Texel tuning
93:Transformers
4523:Chess books
4323:Tournaments
4177:Fool's mate
3942:Vienna Game
3932:Scotch Game
3765:Prophylaxis
3681:Zwischenzug
3666:Undermining
3634:Overloading
3594:Combination
3443:descriptive
3138:Chess table
3133:Chess clock
2949:Grandmaster
2756:Aartbik.com
2341:19 February
2138:"OpenBench"
2122:23 December
1923:Lokasoft.nl
1661:Convekta's
1625:Chessmaster
1594:state space
1551:Deep Junior
1498:Test suites
1480:FGRL 10"+6'
1446:Ipman Chess
1373:Ipman Chess
1366:ADRL 40/120
1336:CEGT 25"+8'
1321:CEGT 40/120
1125:Fat Fritz 2
1113:controversy
1105:open source
1094:differences
969:Tournaments
964:Comparisons
817:ChessGenius
690:Chess Tiger
570:or his own
567:ChessGenius
554:Chessmaster
284:CuckooChess
274:Chess Tiger
4687:Categories
4630:joke chess
4583:Chess club
4271:opposition
3728:Middlegame
3716:Initiative
3639:Pawn storm
3604:Deflection
3475:Key square
3465:Fianchetto
3398:Fast chess
3382:En passant
3074:chessboard
2864:2018-11-29
2821:2018-11-29
2766:2018-11-29
2569:2007-10-10
2544:2007-08-04
2427:22 October
2398:2021-08-18
2367:25 October
2311:2011-06-30
2286:2010-12-18
2261:2010-05-28
2210:2018-11-29
2152:2022-02-16
2112:Github.com
1893:2022-06-26
1861:2018-11-29
1782:Sys-10.com
1763:2018-12-02
1716:References
1361:ADRL Blitz
1331:CEGT 5"+3'
1326:CEGT 3"+1'
1316:CEGT 40/20
1311:CEGT Blitz
1293:CCRL 40/15
1241:confounder
1171:confounder
1082:Elo system
1073:, and the
910:Elo rating
637:(based on
573:MChess Pro
354:MChess Pro
289:Deep Fritz
219:Cray Blitz
4613:Stockfish
4603:Deep Blue
4598:AlphaZero
4506:paintings
4298:Tablebase
4262:Strategy
4167:Irregular
3922:Ruy Lopez
3882:Open Game
3649:Sacrifice
3609:Desperado
3512:connected
3485:Open file
3480:King walk
3438:algebraic
3369:Stalemate
3344:Checkmate
3069:Chess set
3061:Equipment
1650:In 2000,
1632:Chessbase
1630:In 1995,
1617:GNU Chess
1575:Fairy-Max
1547:checkmate
1529:In 1999,
994:Stockfish
983:volunteer
888:Stockfish
750:Stockfish
745:Chessbase
741:Chessbase
731:In 2000,
676:Chessbase
660:Chessbase
658:In 1995,
602:GNU Chess
545:Chessbase
529:Deep Blue
499:Chessbase
491:windowing
409:Turochamp
399:Stockfish
394:SmarThink
339:KnightCap
314:GNU Chess
299:Fairy-Max
269:AlphaZero
224:Deep Blue
99:Attention
69:Bitboards
4672:Category
4625:glossary
4286:Zugzwang
4266:fortress
4198:Endgames
4107:Declined
4102:Accepted
3780:Openings
3738:Hedgehog
3704:Exchange
3691:Strategy
3671:Windmill
3522:isolated
3507:backward
3329:Castling
3272:amateurs
3165:Timeline
3039:Variants
2993:Glossary
2976:software
2961:glossary
2858:Archived
2830:cite web
2789:Archived
2760:Archived
2730:Archived
2679:Archived
2649:Archived
2619:Archived
2589:Archived
2518:30 April
2512:Archived
2481:Archived
2477:Cegt.net
2451:Archived
2421:Archived
2392:Archived
2335:Archived
2229:Archived
2175:Archived
2146:Archived
2116:Archived
2062:18 April
2056:Archived
2025:Archived
1995:Archived
1970:Archived
1951:Archived
1927:Archived
1887:Archived
1855:Archived
1786:Archived
1732:Archived
1679:See also
1644:Shredder
1609:Winboard
1535:Internet
1439:FGRL 30"
1298:CCRL FRC
1202:bitboard
1092:and the
946:Shredder
926:Shredder
823:Shredder
809:Ruffian.
786:Shredder
672:Shredder
654:Phalanx.
645:Chenard,
596:Winboard
503:WinBoard
497:such as
483:back end
477:A chess
384:Shredder
244:Mephisto
214:ChipTest
4573:Arbiter
4566:Related
4423:Solving
4413:Amateur
3990:Najdorf
3572:Battery
3559:Tactics
3534:Swindle
3517:doubled
3497:Outpost
3428:Blunder
3243:Armenia
3157:History
3003:Premove
2971:engines
2966:matches
2931:Outline
2795:26 June
2736:26 June
2685:26 June
2655:26 June
2625:26 June
2487:26 June
2181:26 June
2092:17 June
2031:8 March
2001:7 March
1933:26 June
1792:26 June
1471:(FGRL)
1430:(FGRL)
1417:(CCRL)
1357:(ADRL)
1351:(MCERL)
1307:(CEGT)
1284:(CCRL)
1182:tested.
1121:Houdini
1101:IPPOLIT
1065:Ratings
920:15–16,
914:Houdini
862:endgame
804:Ivanhoe
798:Critter
768:Houdini
712:Houdini
513:History
485:with a
359:Mittens
324:Houdini
164:Minimax
4511:poetry
4501:novels
4476:CaĂŻssa
4408:Senior
4398:Junior
3981:Dragon
3976:Alapin
3661:Skewer
3527:passed
3470:Gambit
3277:female
3238:Europe
3221:Africa
3116:Knight
3111:Bishop
2707:
2457:29 May
1821:Hiarcs
1640:Junior
1621:Crafty
1605:XBoard
1590:MuZero
1571:ChessV
1345:(SPCC)
1213:AVX512
1015:(TCEC)
954:Hiarcs
940:, and
934:Junior
930:Hiarcs
776:15-16,
756:Komodo
706:Komodo
696:Crafty
686:Nimzo,
681:Hiarcs
668:Junior
649:Zarkov
635:ProDeo
630:Crafty
613:XBoard
591:Junior
586:Junior
479:engine
364:MuZero
344:Komodo
334:Junior
329:Ikarus
319:HIARCS
279:Crafty
249:Saitek
234:HiTech
4458:WCSCC
4403:Youth
4393:Blitz
4388:Rapid
4378:Women
4341:Women
4293:Study
4143:Other
3676:X-ray
3599:Decoy
3584:Block
3539:Tempo
3502:Pawns
3420:Terms
3339:Check
3321:Rules
3255:India
3248:Spain
3233:China
3126:Fairy
3101:Queen
3032:norms
2923:Chess
1879:(TXT)
1711:Notes
1636:Fritz
1509:REBEL
1505:Nolot
1465:(GRL)
1117:Fruit
1109:Rybka
1090:ranks
1050:(CCT)
1034:(CCC)
979:Zappa
942:Sjeng
938:Zappa
922:Rybka
918:Fritz
830:Rebel
792:Fruit
780:Rybka
774:Fritz
725:Rybka
720:15–16
718:Fritz
664:Fritz
640:Rebel
549:Fritz
468:chess
462:is a
414:Zappa
404:Torch
389:Sjeng
379:Rybka
374:REBEL
309:Fruit
304:Fritz
239:Hydra
204:Belle
152:Graph
4496:film
4453:WCCC
4448:TCEC
4438:CSVN
4383:Team
4353:List
3624:Fork
3549:Trap
3349:Draw
3121:Pawn
3106:Rook
3096:King
3044:List
3013:list
2988:FIDE
2836:link
2797:2022
2738:2022
2705:ISBN
2687:2022
2657:2022
2627:2022
2597:2016
2520:2024
2489:2022
2459:2024
2429:2023
2369:2013
2343:2012
2237:2016
2183:2022
2124:2021
2094:2017
2064:2014
2033:2014
2003:2014
1935:2022
1794:2022
1642:and
1573:and
1458:IPON
1405:SSDF
1249:CCRL
1245:CEGT
1209:AVX2
992:and
866:king
807:and
722:and
693:and
670:and
652:and
556:3000
535:and
458:, a
369:Naum
156:tree
154:and
64:0x88
4433:CCC
3644:Pin
3448:PGN
1656:UCI
1211:or
868:).
820:or
643:),
558:or
501:or
470:or
454:In
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