263:
181:
articles which shaped the time-honored belief systems of the
Southern and Northern families of the Cheyenne Nation. The Suh' Tai, represented by a man named Erect Horns, were blessed with the care of a sacred Buffalo Hat, which is kept among the Northern family. The Tsitsistas, represented by a man named Sweet Medicine, were bestowed with the care of a bundle of sacred Arrows, kept among the Southern Family. Inspired by
872:
from the four
Arapaho districts and four Cheyenne districts. The Judicial Branch includes a Supreme Court, including one Chief Justice and four Associate Justices; a Trial Court, composed of one Chief Judge and at least one Associate Judge; and any lower courts deemed necessary by the Legislature. In 2006 the tribes voted and ratified the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes Constitution which replaced the 1975 constitution.
1757:
948:
1009:
818:
164:
449:(Vétaneo'hé'e – ″Fat River″ or ″Tallow River″). Their lands were a central location for all bands and convenient for the performance of the annual ceremonies. Later, they moved further south and ranged between the Dog Soldiers band in the north, the Oo'kóhta'oná in the southeast, the Hónowa and Wotápio in the south.
912:
and the school offered programs in Tribal
Administration, American Indian Studies, and General Studies. The Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribal College Board of Regents voted to dissolve the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribal College at the end of the 2015 spring semester. However, in September of 2019 the tribe
569:
Their name refers to the art of dancing the Deer Dance before going to war. They formerly associated with the mixed
Cheyenne-Lakota Masikota band, sometimes considered a Masikota subband. They lived north of the HĂłnowa and south of the Heviksnipahis,. The cholera epidemic of 1849 almost wiped them
871:
The tribal government consists of the Tribal
Council, Executive Branch, Legislative Branch, and Judicial Branch. The Tribal Council includes all tribal members over the age of 18. The Executive Branch is led by the Governor and Lieutenant Governor. The Legislative Branch is made up of legislators
274:
with the U.S. in 1851. It recognized and guaranteed their rights to traditional lands in portions of
Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, and Wyoming. The U.S. could not enforce the treaty, however, and European-American trespassers overran Indian lands. There were repeated conflicts between settlers and
483:
Originally part of the Heévâhetaneo'o, they were close affiliated to
Arapaho and moved together under Chief Yellow Wolf in 1826 south of the Platte River to the Arkansas River. They lived south and west of the Heévâhetaneo'o. Led by War Bonnet they lost about half their number in the Sand Creek
180:
and, The Nation itself, is descended from two related tribes, the
Tsitsistas and the Suh' Tai. The latter is believed to have joined the Tsitsistas in the early 18th century (1: 1–2). The Tsitsistas and the Suh' Tai are characterized, and represented by two cultural heroes who received divine
587:
They were originally a band of Lakota Sioux who later joined the
Southern Cheyenne. By 1820 they had moved south to the Arkansas River in Colorado, where they lived and camped together with their Kiowa allies. Through intermarriage they became a mixed Cheyenne-speaking and identifying hybrid
250:
The
Cheyenne and Arapaho formed an alliance in the 18th and 19th centuries. Together they were a formidable military force, successful hunters, and active traders with other tribes. At the height of their alliance, their combined hunting territories spanned from
929:
For cultural and food sovereignty purposes, a buffalo herd has been established. The herd expanded to 530 bison in 2021 when Denver Parks and Recreation donated 13 animals which will improve the herd's genetic diversity. Bison is the correct taxonomic term for
609:
They married only other Só'taeo'o (Northern or Southern alike) and always camped separately from the other Cheyenne camp. They maintained closest ties to the Hesé'omeétaneo'o band, joined with the emerging Dog Soldiers band lands along the
262:
1110:, Okuhhatuh, or Making Medicine, Southern Cheyenne (1847–1931), veteran of the Red River War, Fort Marion prisoner of war, ledger artist, deacon of Whirlwind Mission, sun dancer, canonized saint in the Episcopal Church
883:
is the tribe's newspaper. ''CATV channel 47'' is the tribe's low power FCC licensed television station. CATV's call letters are K35MV-D. The Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma Culture and Heritage Program teaches
667:, also known as ″Flies.″ Originally a Sioux band from Minnesota, the greater part left the Cheyenne about 1815 joining Sioux bands in Minnesota. The remaining associated strongly with / or joined the Wotápio.
776:
Due to an increasing division between the Dog Soldiers and the council chiefs with respect to policy towards the whites, the Dog Soldiers separated from the other Cheyenne bands. They effectively became a
415:
in Colorado – in lands mostly west of the closely associated Southern Só'taeo'o and Dog Soldiers band and north of the Southern Oévemanaho and Heévâhetaneo'o, ranged sometimes with Comanche south onto the
588:
Cheyenne-Kiowa band with Lakota origin. Their hunting lands were between the Hónowa in the east, the Heévâhetaneo'o to the west, and the Heviksnipahis to the north. They were the band hardest hit by the
171:
The Cheyennes and Arapahos are two distinct tribes with distinct histories. The Cheyenne (Tsitsistas/ The People) were once agrarian, or agricultural, people located near the Great Lakes in present-day
1591:
321:
231:
in the 18th century. They adopted horse culture and became successful nomadic hunters. In 1800, the tribe began coalescing into northern and southern groups. Although the Arapaho had assisted the
1745:
765:). They effectively became a separate band and in 1850 took over the position in the camp circle formerly occupied by the Masikota. The members often opposed policies of peace chiefs such as
2161:
1098:(born 1934) academic and developer of Native American studies curricula at the University of California, Berkeley; University of Montana; and Haskell Indian Nations University
243:
south from the Northern Plains, in 1840 they made peace with the tribe. They became prosperous traders, until the expansion of American settlers onto their lands after the
769:. Over time, the Dog Soldiers took a prominent leadership role in the wars against the whites. In 1867, most of the band were killed by United States Army forces in the
1738:
544:(Hotamétaneo'o), which took their place as a band in the Cheyenne tribal circle. They were not present at the Sand Creek Massacre. They played an important role at
1581:
622:(Ma'xêhe'néo'hé'e – "turkey-creek"), in north-central Kansas. Their favorite hunting grounds were north of the Dog Soldiers along the upper sub-basins of the
403:
Originally part of the Heévâhetaneo'o, they had close ties with the Oglala and Sičháŋǧu (Brulé) Lakota. They first lived just south of the Masikota along the
969:
2141:
1731:
1723:
354:. Known as great warriors and noted among the Cheyenne as the best horse tamers and horse raiders from surrounding tribes, especially from the horse-rich
336:
are known as the Heévâhetaneo'o, or "Roped People." They are named after the most populous band, also commonly known as Sówoniá or "the Southern People."
1761:
1231:
1960:
1506:
1263:
1168:
493:
1144:
901:
1682:
Raylene Hinz-Penner, "Searching for Sacred Ground: The Journey of Chief Lawrence Hart, Mennonite", Telford, PA:Cascadia Publishing House, 2007
1694:
2156:
1980:
1900:
1483:
1773:
1397:
892:
dancing and songs, horse care and riding, buffalo management, and Cheyenne and Arapaho language, and sponsored several running events.
1920:
1341:
1790:
1531:
630:) especially along the Beaver Creek, which was also a spiritual place. The Hesé'omeétaneo'o mostly ranged west and northwest of them.
1845:
1785:
1677:
1624:
1314:
995:
1197:
1336:
William Young Chalfant: Cheyennes at Dark Water Creek: The Last Fight of the Red River War, University of Oklahoma Press, 1997,
382:
and Hesé'omeétaneo'o in the north. The Cholera Outbreak of 1849 killed many of the band. About half of the band perished in the
313:
dismantled the tribal governments in an attempt to have the tribal members assimilate to United States conventions and culture.
421:
1437:
1026:
973:
1563:
1718:
2055:
488:(Tséh-ma'ėho'a'ē'ta – ″where there are red (hills) facing together″, also called Oévemanâhéno – ″scabby-band-place″) and
861:
2151:
1935:
857:
832:. Of 12,185 enrolled tribal members, 8,664 live within the state of Oklahoma. The tribal jurisdictional area includes
664:
627:
538:
317:
205:
140:
958:
305:
broke up the Cheyenne-Arapaho land base. All land not allotted to individual Indians was opened to settlement in the
1221:
Moore, John H. Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture. (retrieved 7 Feb 2009)
1137:, Dick West, or Wahpahnahyah (1912–1996), Southern Cheyenne painter, educator, and Director of Art at Bacone College
1870:
1820:
1107:
271:
1457:
977:
962:
1840:
1825:
841:
2085:
1940:
366:(Ho'néoxheóvaestse) together with some Arapaho. They migrated along with some other Cheyenne bands south of the
1950:
1905:
865:
833:
770:
545:
431:("Aorta People" or "Burnt Aorta People"; as caretakers for the Sacred Arrows, they were also considered as the
197:
1359:
441:
and in the eastern Black Hills in western Wyoming, they moved between 1815 and 1825 south to the forks of the
1880:
1586:
1235:
845:
837:
2146:
1855:
1850:
853:
849:
363:
93:
1089:
1020:
909:
681:
615:
279:
201:
1260:
386:, including the chiefs Yellow Wolf and Big Man. They are today predominant among the Southern Cheyenne.
378:. Their tribal lands were between the Southern Oévemanaho in the west, the Wotápio in the east and the
1672:
Henrietta Mann, "Cheyenne-Arapaho Education 1871–1982", Niwot CO: University Press of Colorado, 1997.
1865:
1043:
809:. They also issue their own tribal vehicle tags. Their economic impact is estimated at $ 32 million.
291:
177:
407:
north of the North Platte River in Nebraska, then later moved south into the hill country along the
2090:
1140:
1134:
589:
383:
2040:
2020:
1930:
1401:
1083:
918:
680:
The ten principal bands that had the right to send four chief delegates representing them in the
626:(Ma'êhóóhévâhtseo'hé'e – ″Red Shield River″, so named because there gathered the warriors of the
446:
442:
310:
244:
182:
2065:
2050:
2035:
2015:
2010:
1690:
1673:
1630:
1620:
1337:
1310:
1055:
1049:
1012:
802:
798:
485:
333:
295:
77:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2045:
2030:
2025:
1995:
1990:
1970:
1815:
1128:
829:
806:
623:
611:
489:
408:
287:
73:
69:
503:("Crickets", "Grasshoppers", ″Grey Hair(ed) band″, ″Flexed Leg band″ or ″Wrinkled Up band″)
320:
passed in 1936, the Cheyenne and Arapaho organized a single tribal government in 1937. The
278:
The U.S. government brought the tribes to council again in 1867 to achieve peace under the
2100:
2080:
2005:
1890:
1835:
1805:
1567:
1539:
1441:
1363:
1267:
1201:
1032:
578:
506:
1614:
525:, lived southeast of the Black Hills along the White River (VĂłhpoome), intermarried with
1304:
2120:
2075:
2070:
2000:
1965:
1095:
914:
905:
797:
The tribe operates three tribal smoke shops and five casinos: the Lucky Star Casino in
786:
438:
412:
404:
371:
1194:
2135:
1945:
1915:
1910:
1795:
1155:
1123:
1077:
619:
526:
417:
236:
186:
17:
1008:
2060:
1895:
1885:
1434:
1119:
1113:
1071:
822:
782:
766:
541:
379:
367:
286:, but they disliked the location. They accepted a reservation with the Cheyenne in
228:
212:
89:
1713:
1560:
1384:
761:
epidemic in 1849, the remaining Masikota joined the Dog Soldiers warrior society (
1484:"Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes Agree to Charter Bacone College as a Tribal College"
1101:
1065:
947:
931:
904:, the tribe founded the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribal College on August 25, 2006.
119:
781:
of the Cheyenne people, between the Northern Cheyenne, who ranged north of the
537:
The cholera epidemic of 1849 almost wiped them out. Afterwards they joined the
163:
1860:
1634:
1038:
375:
1422:
401:– "Ridge People/Men" or ″Hill Band″, also given as ″Pipestem (River) People″)
1507:"Denver Returns 14 Bison To Tribal Land In Reparations, Conservation Effort"
1272:
Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture
1149:
521:– "to shoot", mixed Cheyenne-Lakota band. They were known by the latter as '
302:
173:
123:
97:
1068:(1930–2019), activist, policymaker, tribal elder, former tribal chairperson
533:
and was the first group of the tribal unit on the Plains. Hence their name
817:
362:(Šé'šenovotsétaneo'o) to the south. They formed in 1826 under their Chief
1830:
1765:
1756:
1059:
885:
530:
359:
306:
232:
224:
152:
148:
114:
56:
691:(Iviststsinihpah, also known as the Tsétsêhéstâhese / Tsitsistas proper)
1955:
1461:
1086:(ca. 1810–1889), Arapaho chief and signer of 1867 Medicine Lodge Treaty
758:
351:
252:
220:
216:
194:
144:
110:
1425:
Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma. 2007 (retrieved 7 Feb 2009)
2095:
1925:
889:
635:
Lesser southern bands (not represented in the Council of Forty-Four):
283:
189:
in the 18th century and moved westward onto the plains to follow the
127:
1570:
University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma, Accessed June 29, 2015.
1538:. Canton, Oklahoma: Batesville, Inc. April 22, 2019. Archived from
1356:
908:, enrolled tribal member, was president in 2009. The campus was in
1875:
1800:
1007:
816:
355:
261:
256:
240:
190:
162:
805:, the Lucky Star Casino in Hammon, and the Lucky Star Casino in
663:(Vóhkêséhetaneo'o or Monêsóonetaneo'o), one of the four original
176:. Grinnell notes the Cheyenne language is a unique branch of the
1714:
Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma Constitution and By-Laws
785:, and the Southern Cheyenne, who occupied the area north of the
1727:
585:: – "Eat with Lakota-Sioux", "Half-Cheyenne", "Cheyenne-Sioux")
1375:
Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes Constitution, Article V, Section 1
941:
1707:
470:
They lived south of the Oo'kóhta'oná and east of the Wotápio.
1385:
Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma Constitution and Bylaws.
1015:, Cheyenne-Muscogee activist, author, poet, and policy maker
801:, the Lucky Star Casino in Concho, the Lucky Star Casino in
374:(Mótsėsóoneo'hé'e – ″Flint River″) and the establishment of
655:– "Blue Horses", after Blue Horse, the first leader of the
200:
organized the structure of Cheyenne society, including the
1092:, Southern Cheyenne artist, noted for miniature paintings
821:
Cheyenne-Arapaho tribal member, peace chief, and artist,
1195:
2011 Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial Directory.
570:
out. They might have joined the Dog Soldiers afterwards.
1532:"iola Hatch of Canton, Oklahoma, 1930 – 2019, Obituary"
1660:
The Cheyenne Indians: Their History and Lifeways Vol 1
1486:. Bacone College, February 12, 2020. February 12, 2020
27:
Federally recognized Southern Plains tribe in Oklahoma
828:
The Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes are headquartered in
1979:
1772:
468:– "Poor People", also known as ″Red Lodges People″)
348:– "Haire Rope Men", "Hairy People", also ″Fur Men″)
104:
83:
63:
50:
40:
1041:, film director and producer, directed the films:
290:, so both tribes were forced to remove south near
1398:"Constitution | Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes"
211:The Arapaho, also Algonquian speaking, came from
2162:Federally recognized tribes in the United States
1662:. Bloomington: World Wisdom, Inc. 2008. Print.
659:(O'ôhoménotâxeo'o). Both were branches of the
435:or known to the other bands as ″Arrow People″)
1739:
1309:. New York: Kraus Reprint. pp. 402–408.
934:, but buffalo is the common vernacular term.
727:(Oivimána or Oévemana, Northern and Southern)
628:Ma'ėhoohēvȧhtse (Red Shield Warriors Society)
370:(Meneo'hé'e – ″Moon Shell River″) toward the
8:
1143:, Cheyenne lawyer and first director of the
709:(Ôhmésêheseo'o, the Notameohmésêhese proper)
35:
1232:"The Cheyenne Way of Peace: Sweet Medicine"
1062:activist, policymaker, journalist, and poet
976:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
282:. It promised the Arapaho a reservation in
1746:
1732:
1724:
1582:"Henrietta Mann Blazes a Trail for N.A.'s"
1357:Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma.
1158:, former lieutenant governor of the tribes
757:bands had been almost wiped out through a
350:In the past they were close affiliated to
34:
1122:(Cheyenne-Arapaho), artist, peace chief,
996:Learn how and when to remove this message
715:(Suhtai or Sutaio, Northern and Southern)
614:(Mano'éo'hé'e – ″gather(timber) river″),
481:– "Southern Scabby", "Southern Scalpers")
454:Hónowa / Háovȯhnóvȧhese / Nėstamenóoheo'o
437:Originally living along the forks of the
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1255:
1253:
492:, Blaine County, on lands of the former
1217:
1215:
1213:
1180:
1169:Cheyenne and Arapaho Indian Reservation
1116:(born 1982), Southern Cheyenne novelist
881:The Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribal Tribune
494:Cheyenne and Arapaho Indian Reservation
424:, many died in the Sand Creek Massacre.
1689:, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, 1996.
1145:National Museum of the American Indian
913:developed a replacement by chartering
902:Southwestern Oklahoma State University
618:(Šéstotó'eo'hé'e – "Cedar River") and
1580:Schontzler, Gail (January 27, 2001).
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1029:, founder of Indigenous Life Movement
324:further enhanced tribal development.
322:Indian Self-Determination Act of 1975
7:
1594:from the original on August 22, 2020
1445:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribal College.
1352:
1350:
1131:(1856–1917), Southern Cheyenne chief
1104:(1825–1864), Southern Arapaho leader
974:adding citations to reliable sources
266:Signing the Ft. Laramie Treaty, 1868
51:Regions with significant populations
1719:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribal College
1205:Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission.
745:(Háovȯhnóvȧhese or Nėstamenóoheo'o)
433:Tsétsêhéstâhese / Tsitsistas proper
342:Heévâhetaneo'o / Hevhaitaneo proper
2142:Native American tribes in Oklahoma
2061:Fox (Meskwaki, Sauk, and Kickapoo)
597:Southern Só'taeo'o / Só'taétaneo'o
567:– "Bare Legged", "Protruding Jaw")
25:
1505:Sirianni, Anna (April 14, 2021).
1755:
1080:, Oklahoma Supreme Court Justice
946:
645:– "Flint-Men", called after the
546:Battle of Summit Springs of 1869
513:– "iron (rifle) shooters", from
328:Historic Southern Cheyenne bands
1708:The Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes
429:Heviksnipahis / Iviststsinihpah
391:Hesé'omeétaneo'o / Hisiometaneo
1619:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing.
1613:Orange, Tommy (June 5, 2018).
1207:2011: 7. Retrieved 2 Jan 2012.
1108:St. David Pendleton Oakerhater
1035:(1911–1992), Flatstyle painter
1023:, professional World Cup skier
733:(Hisiometaneo or Issiometaniu)
475:Southern Oévemanaho / Oivimána
100:, traditional tribal religions
1:
531:Sičháŋǧu Oyáte (Brule Lakota)
484:Massacre. They now live near
185:'s vision, they adopted the
2157:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes
1561:"Henson, Lance David 2004,"
1387:1975 (retrieved 7 Feb 2009)
1366:2007 (retrieved 7 Feb 2009)
1266:September 22, 2013, at the
665:Cheyenne military societies
318:Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act
208:led by prominent warriors.
137:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes
36:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes
2178:
178:Algonquian language family
1440:October 29, 2009, at the
713:Só'taeo'o / Só'taétaneo'o
298:in present-day Oklahoma.
109:
88:
68:
55:
45:
1027:William "Hawk" Birdshead
771:Battle of Summit Springs
671:Ná'kuimana / Nakoimana (
553:Oo'kóhta'oná / Ohktounna
2026:Chiwere (Iowa and Otoe)
1587:Bozeman Daily Chronicle
1200:April 24, 2012, at the
739:(Ohktounna or OqtĂłguna)
657:Coyote Warriors Society
505:Named perhaps from the
358:(Vétapâhaetó'eo'o) and
275:members of the tribes.
270:The Arapaho signed the
1762:Native American tribes
1447:(retrieved 2 Nov 2009)
1303:Mooney, James (1964).
1274:, retrieved 7 Feb 2009
1016:
938:Notable tribal members
825:
651:They were also called
409:Upper Smoky Hill River
267:
168:
94:Native American Church
1404:on September 23, 2010
1090:Merlin Little Thunder
1011:
910:Weatherford, Oklahoma
820:
703:(in Lakotiyapi: Sheo)
682:Council of Forty-Four
280:Medicine Lodge Treaty
265:
204:peace chiefs and the
202:Council of Forty-four
166:
105:Related ethnic groups
18:Cheyenne-Arapaho OTSA
2056:Mescalero-Chiricahua
1811:Cheyenne and Arapaho
1658:Grinnell, George B.
1590:. Bozeman, Montana.
1435:General Information.
1306:The Cheyenne Indians
1058:, Southern Cheyenne/
970:improve this section
900:In partnership with
793:Economic development
661:Fox Warriors Society
649:(MotsĂŞsĂłonetaneo'o))
413:Upper Arkansas River
141:federally recognized
1536:Pierce Funeral Home
1141:W. Richard West Jr.
1135:W. Richard West Sr.
590:Sand Creek Massacre
384:Sand Creek Massacre
272:Fort Laramie Treaty
37:
2152:Algonquian peoples
1826:Citizen Potawatomi
1710:, official website
1566:2013-03-29 at the
1542:on January 3, 2020
1464:on 22 October 2015
1362:2011-06-14 at the
1261:Arapaho, Southern.
1084:Chief Little Raven
1017:
919:Muskogee, Oklahoma
826:
641:Moiseo / Moiseyu (
561:Oktogana, OqtĂłguna
447:South Platte River
311:Curtis Act of 1898
268:
169:
167:Arapaho camp, 1868
151:people in western
143:tribe of Southern
2129:
2128:
2051:Hitchiti-Mikasuki
1791:Alabama-Quassarte
1695:978-0-631-21862-3
1259:Fowler, Loretta.
1056:Suzan Shown Harjo
1013:Suzan Shown Harjo
1006:
1005:
998:
575:Wotápio / Wutapai
479:Southern OĂ©vemana
411:and north of the
334:Southern Cheyenne
296:Darlington Agency
206:warrior societies
133:
132:
78:Cheyenne language
16:(Redirected from
2169:
1981:Tribal languages
1961:United Keetoowah
1891:Muscogee (Creek)
1851:Fort Sill Apache
1786:Absentee Shawnee
1760:
1759:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1725:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1577:
1571:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1460:. Archived from
1454:
1448:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1400:. Archived from
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1367:
1354:
1345:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1300:
1275:
1257:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1234:. Archived from
1228:
1222:
1219:
1208:
1192:
1152:(ca. 1840–1910),
1129:Henry Roman Nose
1001:
994:
990:
987:
981:
950:
942:
866:Washita Counties
830:Concho, Oklahoma
731:Hesé'omeétaneo'o
675:– "Bear People")
647:Flintmen Society
624:Republican River
612:Smoky Hill River
539:military society
288:Indian Territory
74:Arapaho language
41:Total population
38:
21:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2125:
1983:
1975:
1846:Eastern Shawnee
1836:Delaware Nation
1777:
1775:
1768:
1754:
1752:
1704:
1685:John L. Moore,
1669:
1667:Further reading
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1239:
1238:on May 12, 2016
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1220:
1211:
1202:Wayback Machine
1193:
1182:
1177:
1165:
1124:forensic artist
1074:, poet, painter
1033:Archie Blackowl
1002:
991:
985:
982:
967:
951:
940:
927:
925:Buffalo program
921:as its school.
898:
878:
815:
795:
330:
239:in driving the
161:
118:
59:, United States
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2175:
2173:
2165:
2164:
2159:
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2149:
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2134:
2133:
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2098:
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2088:
2083:
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2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1985:
1984:(still spoken)
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1901:Otoe-Missouria
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1841:Delaware Tribe
1838:
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1798:
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1702:External links
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906:Henrietta Mann
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787:Arkansas River
779:third division
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695:Heévâhetaneo'o
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620:Solomon Rivers
593:
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439:Cheyenne River
425:
422:White Antelope
420:. Under chief
405:Niobrara River
387:
372:Arkansas River
329:
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198:Sweet Medicine
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1021:Ross Anderson
1019:
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1014:
1010:
1000:
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986:February 2013
979:
975:
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965:
964:
960:
955:This section
953:
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810:
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790:
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764:
763:Hotamétaneo'o
760:
756:
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744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
697:(Hevhaitaneo)
696:
693:
690:
689:Heviksnipahis
687:
686:
685:
683:
676:
674:
669:
666:
662:
658:
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572:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
547:
543:
540:
536:
532:
528:
527:Oglala Lakota
524:
520:
517:– "iron" and
516:
512:
508:
504:
502:
498:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
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444:
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436:
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430:
426:
423:
419:
418:Staked Plains
414:
410:
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402:
400:
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388:
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309:of 1892. The
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199:
196:
192:
188:
187:horse culture
184:
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158:
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150:
147:and Southern
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49:
44:
39:
30:
19:
1951:Thlopthlocco
1810:
1687:The Cheyenne
1686:
1659:
1640:February 17,
1638:. Retrieved
1615:
1608:
1596:. Retrieved
1585:
1575:
1556:
1544:. Retrieved
1540:the original
1535:
1526:
1514:. Retrieved
1510:
1500:
1488:. Retrieved
1478:
1466:. Retrieved
1462:the original
1452:
1444:
1430:
1418:
1406:. Retrieved
1402:the original
1392:
1380:
1371:
1332:
1322:November 24,
1320:. Retrieved
1305:
1271:
1240:. Retrieved
1236:the original
1226:
1204:
1120:Harvey Pratt
1114:Tommy Orange
1072:Lance Henson
1048:
1042:
992:
983:
968:Please help
956:
928:
899:
880:
879:
876:Institutions
870:
827:
823:Harvey Pratt
796:
783:Platte River
778:
775:
767:Black Kettle
762:
755:Oo'kóhta'oná
754:
750:
748:
742:
737:Oo'kóhta'oná
736:
730:
724:
718:
712:
706:
700:
694:
688:
679:
672:
670:
660:
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652:
646:
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634:
633:
604:
600:
596:
595:
582:
574:
573:
564:
560:
556:
552:
551:
542:Dog Soldiers
535:First Named.
534:
522:
518:
514:
510:
500:
499:
496:in Oklahoma.
478:
474:
473:
465:
461:
457:
453:
452:
432:
428:
427:
399:Issiometaniu
398:
395:HisĂometanio
394:
390:
389:
380:Dog Soldiers
368:Platte River
345:
341:
340:
331:
315:
300:
277:
269:
249:
229:South Dakota
213:Saskatchewan
210:
170:
136:
134:
90:Christianity
32:Ethnic group
29:
1931:Sac and Fox
1616:There There
1516:November 4,
1458:"SWOS univ"
1408:January 22,
1102:Chief Niwot
1066:Viola Hatch
932:Bison bison
862:Roger Mills
364:Yellow Wolf
346:HĂ©vhaitanio
120:Gros Ventre
2136:Categories
2091:Potawatomi
1776:recognized
1653:References
1635:1039481247
1598:August 24,
1546:August 26,
1468:21 October
1039:Chris Eyre
886:hand games
858:Kingfisher
813:Government
749:After the
725:OĂ©vemanaho
673:Nakoimanah
653:Otata-voha
579:Lakotiyapi
577:(from the
507:Lakotiyapi
458:Háovôhnóva
376:Bents Fort
316:After the
223:, eastern
183:Erect Horn
2021:Chickasaw
1971:Wyandotte
1816:Chickasaw
1774:Federally
1150:Wolf Robe
957:does not
721:(Wutapai)
684:were the
303:Dawes Act
292:Fort Reno
245:Civil War
174:Minnesota
124:Blackfeet
98:Sun Dance
64:Languages
2066:Muscogee
2041:Delaware
2036:Comanche
2016:Cheyenne
2011:Cherokee
1936:Seminole
1871:Kickapoo
1866:Kialegee
1831:Comanche
1806:Cherokee
1766:Oklahoma
1592:Archived
1564:Archived
1511:NPR News
1438:Archived
1423:Culture.
1360:Archived
1344:, page 7
1264:Archived
1198:Archived
1163:See also
1060:Muscogee
842:Canadian
751:Masikota
701:Masikota
565:Oktoguna
557:Oktogona
511:mazikute
501:Masikota
360:Comanche
307:Land Run
233:Cheyenne
225:Colorado
153:Oklahoma
149:Cheyenne
115:Cheyenne
84:Religion
57:Oklahoma
2116:Wyandot
2111:Wichita
2106:Shawnee
2046:Koasati
2031:Choctaw
1996:Arapaho
1991:Alabama
1966:Wichita
1956:Tonkawa
1946:Shawnee
1821:Choctaw
1242:May 26,
978:removed
963:sources
896:College
834:Beckham
803:Watonga
799:Clinton
759:cholera
719:Wotápio
643:Monsoni
583:Wutapiu
486:Watonga
466:Hotnowa
462:Hownowa
352:Arapaho
294:at the
253:Montana
221:Wyoming
217:Montana
195:prophet
191:buffalo
159:History
145:Arapaho
111:Arapaho
70:English
2101:Seneca
2096:Quapaw
2081:Pawnee
2076:Ottawa
2006:Cayuga
1926:Quapaw
1916:Peoria
1911:Pawnee
1906:Ottawa
1796:Apache
1778:tribes
1693:
1676:
1633:
1623:
1490:May 3,
1340:
1313:
890:powwow
864:, and
846:Custer
838:Blaine
807:Canton
743:HĂłnowa
707:OmĂsis
616:Saline
605:Sutaio
601:Suhtai
490:Canton
284:Kansas
237:Lakota
193:. The
128:Suhtai
126:, and
46:12,185
2121:Yuchi
2086:Ponca
2071:Osage
2001:Caddo
1921:Ponca
1896:Osage
1886:Modoc
1881:Miami
1876:Kiowa
1801:Caddo
1175:Notes
1050:Skins
854:Ellis
850:Dewey
581:word
523:Sheo'
509:word
443:North
356:Kiowa
257:Texas
241:Kiowa
1856:Iowa
1691:ISBN
1674:ISBN
1642:2022
1631:OCLC
1621:ISBN
1600:2020
1548:2020
1518:2021
1492:2020
1470:2015
1410:2010
1338:ISBN
1324:2022
1311:ISBN
1244:2016
1047:and
961:any
959:cite
753:and
529:and
519:kute
515:mazi
445:and
332:The
301:The
235:and
135:The
1861:Kaw
1764:in
972:by
917:in
603:or
563:or
397:or
255:to
2138::
1629:.
1584:.
1534:.
1509:.
1349:^
1279:^
1270:,
1252:^
1212:^
1183:^
888:,
868:.
860:,
856:,
852:,
848:,
844:,
840:,
836:,
789:.
773:.
559:,
464:,
460:,
259:.
247:.
219:,
215:,
155:.
122:,
113:,
96:,
92:,
76:,
72:,
1747:e
1740:t
1733:v
1697:.
1644:.
1602:.
1550:.
1520:.
1494:.
1472:.
1412:.
1326:.
1246:.
999:)
993:(
988:)
984:(
980:.
966:.
607:)
599:(
592:.
555:(
548:.
477:(
456:(
393:(
344:(
117:,
20:)
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