Cheyenne - Knowledge

876: 1295: 951: 1303: 975: 959: 862:(″Sacred (Buffalo) Hat Keeper″ or ″Keeper of the Sacred (Buffalo) Hat″) must belong to the Só'taeo'o (Northern or Southern alike). In the 1870s tribal leaders became disenchanted with the keeper of the bundle demanded the keeper Broken Dish give up the bundle; he agreed but his wife did not and desecrated the Sacred Hat and its contents; a ceremonial pipe and a buffalo horn were lost. In 1908 a Cheyenne named Three Fingers gave the horn back to the Hat. The pipe came into possession of a Cheyenne named Burnt All Over who gave it to Hattie Goit of 1003:

important role in Cheyenne government. Society leaders were often in charge of organizing hunts and raids as well as ensuring proper discipline and the enforcement of laws within the nation. Each of the six distinct warrior societies of the Cheyenne took turns leadering the nation. The four original military societies of the Cheyenne were the Swift Fox Society, Elk Horn Scrapper or Crooked Lance Society, Shield Society, and the Bowstring Men Society. The fifth society is split between the Crazy Dog Society and the famous

562: 370: 1764: 1930: 1884: 399: 1779: 388: 1687: 1167:, although the two languages are not mutually intelligible. The Arapaho remained strong allies with the Cheyenne and helped them fight alongside the Lakota and Dakota during Red Cloud's War and the Great Sioux War of 1876, also known commonly as the Black Hills War. On the Southern Plains, the Arapaho and Cheyenne allied with the Comanche, Kiowa, and Plains Apache to fight invading settlers and US soldiers. 4871: 4035: 3636: 967: 2119: 913:, a non-Native trader and ally, a large portion of the tribe moved further south and stayed around the area. The other part of the tribe continued to live along the headwaters of the North Platte and Yellowstone rivers. The groups became the Southern Cheyenne, or Sówoníă (Southerners), and the Northern Cheyenne, or O'mǐ'sǐs (Eaters). The two divisions maintained regular and close contact. 354:. Tribal enrollment figures, as of late 2014, indicate that there are approximately 10,840 members, of which about 4,939 reside on the reservation. Approximately 91% of the population are Native Americans (full or part race), with 72.8% identifying themselves as Cheyenne. Slightly more than one-quarter of the population five years or older spoke a language other than English. The 1548:: it established a small reservation for the Cheyenne in southeastern Colorado in exchange for the territory agreed to in the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851. Many Cheyenne did not sign the treaty, and they continued to live and hunt on their traditional grounds in the Smoky Hill and Republican basins, between the Arkansas and the South Platte, where there were plentiful buffalo. 412: 1981: 1896: 1834:. After the soldiers destroyed the lodges and supplies and confiscated the horses, the Northern Cheyenne soon surrendered. They hoped to remain with the Sioux in the north but the US pressured them to locate with the Southern Cheyenne on their reservation in Indian Territory. After a difficult council, the Northern Cheyenne eventually agreed to go South. 1480: 511:, there is no consensus and various origins and translation of the word have been proposed. Grinnell's record is typical and states, "They call themselves Tsistsistas , which the books commonly give as meaning "people". It most likely means related to one another, similarly bred, like us, our people, or us. The term for the Cheyenne homeland is 2166:

A Cheyenne woman has a higher status if she is part of an extended family with distinguished ancestors. Also, if she is friendly and compatible with her female relatives and does not have members in her extended family who are alcoholics or otherwise in disrepute. It is expected of all Cheyenne women

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There are conflicting claims as to whether the band was hostile or friendly. Historians believe that Chief Black Kettle, head of the band, was not part of the war party but the peace party within the Cheyenne nation. But, he did not command absolute authority over members of his band and the European

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Anthropologists debate about Cheyenne societal organization. On the plains, it appears that they had a bilateral band kinship system. However, some anthropologists reported that the Cheyenne had a matrilineal band system. Studies into whether, and if so, how much the Cheyenne developed a matrilineal

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trails, beginning in the early 1840s, heightened competition with Native Americans for scarce resources of water and game in arid areas. With resource depletion along the trails, the Cheyenne became increasingly divided into the Northern Cheyenne and Southern Cheyenne, where they could have adequate

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Perhaps from traders, the cholera epidemic reached the Plains Indians in 1849, resulting in severe loss of life during the summer of that year. Historians estimate about 2,000 Cheyenne died, one-half to two-thirds of their population. There were significant losses among other tribes as well, which

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To the north, the Cheyenne allied with the Lakota, which allowed them to expand their territory into part of their former lands around the Black Hills. By heading into the Rocky Mountains, they managed to escape the 1837–39 smallpox epidemics that swept across the plains from white settlements but

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In the southern portion of their territory, the Cheyenne and Arapaho warred with the allied Comanche, Kiowa, and Plains Apache. Numerous battles were fought including a notable fight along the Washita River in 1836 with the Kiowa which resulted in the death of 48 Cheyenne warriors of the Bowstring

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To reduce intertribal warfare on the Plains, the government officials "assigned" territories to each tribe and had them pledge mutual peace. In addition, the government secured permission to build and maintain roads for European-American travelers and traders through Indian country on the Plains,

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Indian agent Thomas S. Twiss in Indian Affairs 1856 estimated the Cheyenne at 2,000 warriors (therefore around 10,000 people) and 1,000 lodges. Indian Affairs 1875 reported them as 4,228 people. Indian Affairs 1900 counted 3,446 (2,037 Southern Cheyenne in Oklahoma and 1,409 Northern Cheyenne in

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when a peaceful encampment of mostly women, children, and the elderly were attacked and massacred by US soldiers. Both major divisions of the Cheyenne, the Northern Cheyenne and Southern Cheyenne were allies to the Arapaho who like the Cheyenne are split into northern and southern divisions. The

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for the US Army, providing valuable tracking skills and information regarding Cheyenne habits and fighting strategies to US soldiers. Some of their enemies such as the Lakota would later in their history become their strong allies, helping the Cheyenne fight against the United States Army during

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evolved. Each society had selected leaders who would invite those that they saw worthy enough to their society lodge for initiation into the society. Often, societies would have minor rivalries; however, they might work together as a unit when warring with an enemy. Military societies played an

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The treaties acknowledged that the tribes lived within the United States, vowed perpetual friendship between the US and the tribes, and, recognizing the right of the United States to regulate trade, the tribes promised to deal only with licensed traders. The tribes agreed to forswear private

894:(Hetanevo'eo'o), which would remain strong throughout their history and into the present. The alliance helped the Cheyenne expand their territory that stretched from southern Montana, through most of Wyoming, the eastern half of Colorado, far western Nebraska, and far western Kansas. 440:), which translates to "those who are like this". The Suhtai, also called the Só'taeo'o, Só'taétaneo'o, Sutaio (singular: Só'taétane) traveled with the Tsétsêhéstâhese and merged with them after 1832. The Suhtai had slightly different speech and customs from the Tsétsêhéstâhese. 1670:. Custer claimed 103 Cheyenne "warriors" and an unspecified number of women and children killed whereas different Cheyenne informants named between 11 and 18 men (mostly 10 Cheyenne, 2 Arapaho, 1 Mexican trader) and between 17 and 25 women and children killed in the village. 990:

people who developed as skilled and powerful mounted warriors. A warrior in Cheyenne society is not a fighter but also a protector, provider, and leader. Warriors gained rank in Cheyenne society by performing and accumulating various acts of bravery in battle known as

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Black Kettle continued to desire peace and did not join in the second raid or in the plan to go north to the Powder River country. He left the large camp and returned with 80 lodges of his tribesmen to the Arkansas River, where he intended to seek peace with the US.

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The traditional Cheyenne government system is a politically unified system. The central traditional government system of the Cheyenne is the Arrow Keeper, followed by the Council of Forty-Four. Early in Cheyenne history, three related tribes, known as the

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would prevent the soldiers' guns from firing. They were told that if they dipped their hands in a nearby spring, they had only to raise their hands to repel army bullets. Hands raised, the Cheyenne surrounded the advancing troops as they advanced near the

901:, and on the Arkansas River. The Cheyenne likely hunted and traded in Denver much earlier. They may have migrated to the south for winter. The Hairy Rope band is reputed to have been the first band to move south, capturing wild horses as far south as the 1972:, land which they consider sacred. The Cheyenne also managed to retain their culture, religion and language. Today, the Northern Cheyenne Nation is one of the few American Indian nations to have control over the majority of its land base, currently 98%. 537:(common spelling: Tsisinstsistots). Approximately 800 people speak Cheyenne in Oklahoma. There are only a handful of vocabulary differences between the two locations. The Cheyenne alphabet contains 14 letters. The Cheyenne language is one of the larger 1390:), resulted in the wounding of a Cheyenne warrior. He returned to the Cheyenne on the plains. During the summer of 1856, Indians attacked travelers along the Emigrant Trail near Fort Kearny. In retaliation, the US Cavalry attacked a Cheyenne camp on 1452:, then a young lieutenant, was shot in the breast while attacking a Cheyenne warrior with a sabre. The troops continued on and two days later burned a hastily abandoned Cheyenne camp; they destroyed lodges and the winter supply of buffalo meat. 366:, in western Oklahoma. Their combined population is 12,130, as of 2008. In 2003, approximately 8,000 of these identified themselves as Cheyenne, although with continuing intermarriage it has become increasingly difficult to separate the tribes. 1830:, they formed the core of the Powder River Expedition. It departed in October 1876 to locate the northern Cheyenne villages. On November 25, 1876, his column discovered and defeated a village of Northern Cheyenne in the Dull Knife Fight in 1782:

Cheyenne prisoners in Kansas involved in escape northward. From left to right: Tangle Hair, Wild Hog, Strong Left Hand, George Reynolds (interpreter), Old Crow, Noisy Walker, Porcupine, and Blacksmith. All prisoners were released free from

1007:. The sixth society is the Contrary Warrior Society, most notable for riding backward into battle as a sign of bravery. All six societies and their various branches exist among the Southern and Northern Cheyenne nations in present times. 875: 2099:

Each of the ten bands had four seated chief delegates; the remaining four chiefs were the principal advisers of the other delegates. Smaller bands or sub-bands had no right to send delegates to the council. This system also regulated the

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society. In summer 1838, many Cheyenne and Arapaho attacked a camp of Kiowa and Comanche along Wolf Creek in Oklahoma resulting in heavy losses from both sides. Among the losses were White Thunder (keeper of the Medicine Arrows and

1862:. When they said no, they were then locked in the wooden barracks with no food, water or firewood for heat for four days. Most escaped in an estimated forty degrees below zero on January 9, 1879, but all were recaptured or killed. 866:

who in 1911 gave the pipe to the Oklahoma Historical Society. In 1997 the Oklahoma Historal Society negotiated with the Northern Cheyenne to return the pipe to the tribal keeper of the Sacred Medicine Hat Bundle James Black Wolf.

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of present-day Montana and Wyoming, they introduced the horse culture to Lakota people around 1730. The main group of Cheyenne, the Tsêhéstáno, was once composed of ten bands that spread across the Great Plains from southern

1459:. To punish the Cheyenne, he distributed their annuities to the Arapaho. He intended further punitive actions, but the Army ordered him to Utah because of an outbreak of trouble with the Mormons (this would be known as the 1128:. Many of the enemies the Cheyenne fought were only encountered occasionally, such as on a long-distance raid or hunt. Some of their enemies, particularly the Eastern Plains tribe such as the Pawnee and Osage would act as 1445:. Sumner ordered a cavalry charge and the troops charged with drawn sabers; the Cheyenne fled. With tired horses after long marches, the cavalry could not engage more than a few Cheyenne, as their horses were fresh. 2167:

to be hardworking, chaste, modest, skilled in traditional crafts, knowledgeable about Cheyenne culture and history and speak Cheyenne fluently. Tribal powwow princesses are expected to have these characteristics.

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The Northern Arapaho were to be assigned a reservation of their own or share one with the Cheyenne; however, the US federal government failed to provide them with either and placed them on the already established

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visited a surviving Cheyenne village in what is now North Dakota. Such European explorers learned many different names for the Cheyenne and did not realize how the different sections were forming a unified tribe.

2203: 1888: 248: 1429:. Sumner's command went west along the North Platte to Fort Laramie, then down along the Front Range to the South Platte. The combined force of 400 troops went east through the plains searching for Cheyenne. 1853:

and reaching the northern area, they split into two bands. That led by Dull Knife (mostly women, children and elders) surrendered and were taken to Fort Robinson, where subsequent events became known as the

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extended the reservation to the west bank of the Tongue River, making a total of 444,157 acres (1,797 km). Those who had homesteaded east of the Tongue River were relocated to the west of the river.

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power. The Sacred Buffalo Hat and the Sacred Arrows together form the two great covenants of the Cheyenne Nation. Through these two bundles, Ma'heo'o assures continual life and blessings for the people.

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When the Northern Cheyenne arrived at Indian Territory, conditions were very difficult: rations were inadequate, there were no buffalo near the reservation and, according to several sources, there was

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This is reserved for notible figures of the Cheyenne people, this includes Northern and Southern Cheyenne peoples. Please communicate within the talk section to add or remove notible tribal figures.

1038: 1567:. General warfare broke out and Indians made many raids on the trail along the South Platte, which Denver depended on for supplies. The Army closed the road from August 15 until September 24, 1864. 5267: 1961:

were finally allowed to return to the Tongue River on their own reservation. Along with the Lakota and Apache, the Cheyenne were the last nations to be overpowered and forced on reservations. (The

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was approximately 10,000, making it one of the largest gatherings of Native Americans in North America in pre-reservation times. News of the event traveled across the United States and reached

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or "Making Medicine," Southern Cheyenne (1847–1931), veteran of the Red River War, Fort Marion prisoner of war, ledger artist, deacon of Whirlwind Mission, sun dancer, canonized saint in the

1593:, as it came to be known, resulted in the death of between 150 and 200 Cheyenne, mostly unarmed women and children. The survivors fled northeast and joined the camps of the Cheyenne on the 936:

were greatly affected by the 1849 cholera epidemic. Contact with Euro-Americans was mostly light, with most contact involving mountain men, traders, explorers, treaty makers, and painters.

4826: 3508: 3980: 3624: 1282:. It spread in mining camps and waterways due to poor sanitation. The disease was generally a major cause of death for emigrants, about one-tenth of whom died during their journeys. 4023: 4129: 1098: 274:

and by the mid-19th century, the US government forced them onto reservations. At the time of their first European contact in the 16th century, the Cheyenne lived in what is now

1141:. The Comanche, Kiowa and Plains Apache became allies of the Cheyenne towards the end of the Indian wars on the Southern Plains, fighting together during conflicts such as the 928:

in the Texas and Oklahoma panhandles and northeastern New Mexico to hunt bison and trade. Their expansion in the south and alliance with the Kiowa led to their first raid into

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Americans did not understand this. When younger members of the band took part in raiding parties, European Americans blamed the entire band for the incidents and casualties.

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other tribes. The women tanned and dressed hides for clothing, shelter, and other uses. They also gathered roots, berries, and other useful plants. From the products of

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The Cheyenne and Arapaho formed an alliance around 1811 that helped them expand their territories and strengthen their presence on the plains. Like the Cheyenne, the

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in 1676. A more recent analysis of early records posits that at least some of the Cheyenne remained in the Mille Lac region of Minnesota until about 1765, when the

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and some emigrants stopped before going on to California. For several years there was peace between settlers and Indians. The only conflicts were related to the

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The etymology of the name Tsitsistas (Tsétsėhéstȧhese), which the Cheyenne call themselves, is uncertain. According to the Cheyenne dictionary offered online by

4567: 1914:), including Little Wolf, settled near the fort. Many of the Cheyenne worked with the army as scouts. The Cheyenne scouts were pivotal in helping the Army find 1525:, European-American settlers moved into lands reserved for the Cheyenne and other Plains Indians. Travel greatly increased along the Emigrant Trail along the 924:

Conflict with the Comanche, Kiowa, and Plains Apache ended in 1840 when the tribes allied with each other. The new alliance allowed the Cheyenne to enter the

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Sweet Medicine is the Cheyenne prophet who predicted the coming of the horse, the cow, the white man, and other new things to the Cheyenne. He was named for

6589: 6584: 6569: 4845: 4837: 3617: 2150:, the women also made lodges, clothing, and other equipment. Their lives were active and physically demanding. The Cheyenne held territory in and near the 1729:

and much of his 7th Cavalry contingent of soldiers. Historians have estimated that the population of the Cheyenne, Lakota and Arapaho encampment along the

1612:. The Indians made numerous raids along the South Platte, both east and west of Julesburg, and raided the fort again in early February. They captured much 1234:, and several bands of the Lakota and Dakota. At that time, the US had competition on the upper Missouri from British traders, who came south from Canada. 267: 6579: 5521: 4875: 4016: 1238:

retaliation for injuries, and to return stolen horses or other goods or compensate the owner. The commission's efforts to contact the Blackfoot and the

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After being pushed south and westward by the Lakota, the Cheyenne began to establish new territory. Around 1811, the Cheyenne formally allied with the

6574: 5074: 4001: 1662:. Although his band was camped on a defined reservation, complying with the government's orders, some of its members had been linked to raiding into 1061:(Vóhkoohétaneo'o – "rabbit people") to the north and west of Cheyenne territory. By the help of the Medicine Arrows (the Mahuts), the Cheyenne tribe 6316: 5762: 5553: 323:. In the mid-19th century, the bands began to split, with some bands choosing to remain near the Black Hills, while others chose to remain near the 5639: 2490: 712:

The Tsétsêhéstâhese / Tsitsistas prophet Motsé'eóeve (Sweet Medicine Standing, Sweet Root Standing, commonly called Sweet Medicine) received the

2688:"Cheyenne Primacy: The Tribes' Perspective As Opposed To That Of The United States Army; A Possible Alternative To "The Great Sioux War Of 1876" 3610: 422: 4460: 1298:

Arapaho and Cheyenne 1851 treaty territory. (Area 426 and 477). Area 477 is the reserve established by treaty of Fort Wise, February 18, 1861.

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were unsuccessful. During their return to Fort Atkinson at the Council Bluff in Nebraska, the commission had successful negotiations with the

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and killed many European Americans. Most of the Indians moved north into Nebraska on their way to the Black Hills and the Powder River. (See

194: 190: 3507:. Northern Cheyenne Social Studies Units. Northern Cheyenne Curriculum Committee, Montana Office of Public Instruction. 2006. Archived from 1922:

in northern Montana. Fort Keogh became a staging and gathering point for the Northern Cheyenne. Many families began to migrate south to the

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in 1853. The raid ended in disaster with heavy resistance from Mexican lancers, resulting in all but three of the war party being killed.

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or the "Like Hearted People" who are known today as the "Cheyenne". The unified tribe then divided themselves into ten principal bands:

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among the people. On 9 September 1878, a portion of the Northern Cheyenne, led by Little Wolf and Dull Knife started their trek back to

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weakened their social structures. Perhaps because of severe loss of trade during the 1849 season, Bent's Fort was abandoned and burned.

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bands (Ho'óhomo'eo'o). Conflict with migrating Lakota and Ojibwe people forced the Cheyenne further west, and they, in turn, pushed the

5632: 5034: 4039: 3641: 3537: 3492: 3466: 3418: 3396: 3384: 3008: 2398: 1850: 4904: 6523: 5772: 4959: 4899: 4597: 4241: 4074: 3097: 3001: 2908: 1302: 181: 995:. The title of war chief could be earned by any warrior who performs enough of the specific coups required to become a war chief. 6564: 4649: 4618: 2295: 1129: 3232:

Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1–55, page 6

3131: 2000:. They migrated west in the 18th century and hunted bison on the Great Plains. By the mid-19th century, the US forced them onto 658:

people (Ónoneo'o), adopting many of their cultural characteristics. They were first of the later Plains tribes to move into the

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to guard them. The tribes were compensated with annuities of cash and supplies for such encroachment on their territories. The

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White Bull (also called Ice) and Grey Beard (also called Dark), the Cheyenne went into battle believing that strong spiritual

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Over the past 400 years, the Cheyenne have changed their lifestyles. In the 16th century, they lived in the regions near the

1552: 1406: 500:-language bands as "white talkers", and those of other language families, such as the Algonquian Cheyenne, as "red talkers" ( 2456: 1945:

November 16, 1884. It excluded Cheyenne who had homesteaded further east near the Tongue River. The western boundary is the

1563:, began a series of attacks on Indians camping or hunting on the plains. They killed any Indian on sight and initiated the 6122: 5747: 5610: 5495: 5490: 5169: 4684: 4409: 4404: 3325: 2147: 1958: 1866: 1355: 1188: 1858:. Dull Knife's group was first offered food and firewood and then, after a week and a half, they were told to go back to 6507: 6056: 5807: 5802: 5752: 5692: 5564: 4735: 4236: 3426: 2355: 1718: 1315: 1062: 764: 1787:

Following the Battle of the Little Bighorn, the US Army increased attempts to capture the Cheyenne. In 1879, after the

6544: 5919: 5737: 5697: 5049: 4924: 4709: 4124: 2393: 2322: 2281: 2199: 2151: 2101: 1721:, which took place on June 25, 1876. The Cheyenne, together with the Lakota, other Sioux warriors and a small band of 1410: 1180: 999: 945: 733: 363: 236: 103: 4795: 4765: 6559: 5924: 5854: 5817: 5614: 5559: 5537: 5367: 4984: 4934: 4714: 4577: 4541: 4297: 2287: 682: 228: 5885: 5245: 4470: 728:, northwest of Rapid City, South Dakota, which they carried when they waged tribal-level war and were kept in the 6081: 6076: 6071: 5995: 5944: 5890: 4954: 4939: 4704: 4465: 4373: 4322: 2708:

Not to be confused with the Bear Butte, near Fort Meade, South Dakota, which was called Náhkȯhévose ("bear hill")

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In the summer of 1825, the tribe was visited on the Upper Missouri River by a US treaty commission consisting of

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rivers. There warriors smoked the war pipe, passing it from camp to camp among the Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho.

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group. Formerly, the Só'taeo'o (Só'taétaneo'o) or Suhtai (Sutaio) bands of Southern and Northern Cheyenne spoke

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The earliest written record of the Cheyenne was in the mid-17th century, when a group of Cheyenne visited the

4780: 4475: 823:(new term) ("Sacred Hat Lodge, Sacred Hat Tepee"). Erect Horns gave them the accompanying ceremonies and the 6492: 6301: 6286: 6224: 6131: 6126: 6041: 5979: 5969: 5949: 5827: 5777: 5516: 5500: 5296: 4994: 4760: 4208: 4114: 2241: 2237: 1946: 1726: 1659: 1655: 1649: 1633: 1629: 1560: 1391: 1138: 752:) and an additional four ″Old Man″ meetings to deliberate at regular tribal gatherings, centered around the 749: 561: 419: 3284: 1822:

As part of a US increase in troops following the Battle of the Little Bighorn, the Army reassigned Colonel

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Cheyenne population has rebounded in the 20th and 21st centuries. The U.S. census of 2020 counted 22,979.

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This was the first battle that the Cheyenne fought against the US Army. Casualties were few on each side;

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in 1851. Treaties were negotiated by a commission consisting of Fitzpatrick and David Dawson Mitchell, US

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Ledger drawing showing a battle between a Cheyenne warrior (right) and an Osage or Pawnee warrior (left).

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with firearms — pushing the Cheyenne, in turn, to the Minnesota River, where they were reported in 1766.

6487: 6461: 6356: 6346: 6291: 6281: 6189: 6015: 6005: 5974: 5782: 5707: 4587: 4363: 4218: 3990: 2519: 2424: 2277: 2233: 1855: 1754: 1621: 1034: 737: 3413:, ed. Savoie Lottinville, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1968. Reprint, trade paperback, 1983. 2487: 3358:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1956. (original copyright 1915, NY: Charles Scribner's Sons). 369: 6435: 6376: 6371: 6336: 6331: 6046: 5929: 5831: 5717: 5687: 5590: 5542: 4979: 4810: 4628: 4424: 4368: 4353: 4160: 3909: 3870: 3320: 3134:: Our Land, Our History, Our Culture", Chief Dull Knife College. Page 30. Accessed September 20, 2009 2247: 1800: 1771: 1730: 1625: 1483: 1275: 1211: 1164: 827:. His vision convinced the tribe to abandon their earlier sedentary agricultural traditions to adopt 663: 538: 493: 470: 307: 260: 4785: 4775: 4490: 6341: 6051: 6036: 5712: 5580: 5448: 5204: 4740: 3955: 3899: 3865: 3781: 1911: 1823: 1617: 1609: 1605: 1590: 1576: 1545: 1171: 970:

Ledger drawing of a mounted Cheyenne warrior counting coup with lance on a dismounted Crow warrior.

462: 415: 4485: 4480: 1763: 1053:(Hestóetaneo'o – "beggars for meat", "spongers" or Môhónooneo'o – lit. "scouting all over ones"), 954:

Ledger drawing by Hubble Big Horse showing a battle between Cheyenne warriors and Mexican lancers.

6306: 6061: 5959: 5954: 5606: 5352: 5154: 5134: 5044: 4526: 4505: 4419: 4337: 4287: 4185: 4155: 3950: 3443: 2185: 2001: 1582: 1526: 1522: 1437: 1426: 1363: 1239: 1214:, accompanied by a military escort of 476 men. General Atkinson and his fellow commissioner left 1054: 1050: 979: 677:

By 1776, the Lakota had overwhelmed the Cheyenne and taken over much of their territory near the

604: 320: 143: 4699: 1134: 2872: 2276:, Northern Só'taeo'o chief and Sweet Medicine Chief, was one of the "Old Man" chiefs among the 1933:

Map of Indian Reservations in the state of Montana including the Northern Cheyenne Reservation.

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and the Arkansas. This territory included what is now Colorado, east of the Front Range of the

6549: 6171: 6020: 5722: 5179: 5164: 5149: 5129: 5124: 4790: 4755: 4745: 4521: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4094: 3919: 3837: 3771: 3596: 3558: 3533: 3488: 3472: 3462: 3414: 3392: 3380: 3359: 3330: 3100: 3093: 3004: 2997: 2911: 2904: 1942: 1929: 1831: 1487: 1414: 1011: 620: 585: 574: 530: 524: 355: 256: 244: 232: 227:); the tribes merged in the early 19th century. Today, the Cheyenne people are split into two 95: 31: 6407: 6296: 6234: 6179: 5869: 5757: 5682: 5357: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5159: 5144: 5139: 5109: 5104: 5084: 4929: 4378: 4332: 4292: 4282: 4272: 3904: 3875: 3832: 3822: 3704: 3435: 1950: 1859: 1788: 1734: 1667: 1598: 1594: 1581:

On November 29, 1864, the Colorado Militia attacked a Cheyenne and Arapaho encampment under

1398: 1176: 1160: 1042: 898: 863: 581: 566: 398: 381: 158: 99: 3305: 1883: 1778: 1471:

country. In the fall, the Northern Cheyenne returned to their country north of the Platte.

387: 6466: 6417: 5864: 5792: 5742: 5624: 5372: 5214: 5194: 5119: 5004: 4949: 4919: 4623: 4414: 4388: 4358: 4267: 4257: 3914: 3776: 3719: 3694: 2687: 2494: 2460: 2143: 1919: 1811:, with 300 Cheyenne. The Cheyenne wanted and expected to live on the reservation with the 1556: 1530: 1495: 1397:

Cheyenne parties attacked at least three emigrant settler parties before returning to the

1387: 1367: 1192: 1030: 619:, where they established villages. The most prominent of the ancient Cheyenne villages is 589: 577: 444: 1175:

Southern Cheyenne and Southern Arapaho were assigned to the same reservation in Oklahoma

2823:

Hyde, George E.: Life of George Bent. Written From His Letters. Norman, 1987. Pp. 25–26.

2595: 1902:, a Northern Cheyenne chief who received the rank of sergeant in the United States Army. 709:

who received divine articles from their god Ma'heo'o, whom the Só'taeo'o called He'emo.

6413: 6245: 6218: 5859: 5767: 5702: 5453: 5438: 5234: 5189: 5184: 5114: 5079: 4557: 4277: 4170: 4064: 3880: 3842: 3827: 3812: 2381:

Montana and South Dakota). The 1910 census counted 3,055. In 1921 they numbered 3,281.

2348:, also known as Ónonevóo'xénéhe (Ree Roman Nose) or Mȧsėhávoo'xénéhe (Crazy Roman Nose) 1456: 1422: 1347: 1343: 1335: 1154: 1117: 1046: 1015: 925: 906: 891: 858:("Sacred Buffalo Hat") is kept among the Northern Cheyenne and Northern Só'taeo'o. The 844: 768: 698: 628: 624: 287: 271: 30:

This article is about the Native American people. For the capital city of Wyoming, see

2630: 2547: 1686: 897:

By 1820, American traders and explorers reported contact with Cheyenne at present-day

603:

According to tribal history, during the 17th century, the Cheyenne were driven by the

6538: 6441: 6260: 6255: 6239: 6117: 5797: 5732: 5309: 5059: 5029: 5024: 4909: 4602: 4531: 4317: 4109: 3960: 3714: 2142:

While they participated in nomadic Plains horse culture, men hunted and occasionally

1827: 1796: 1449: 1442: 1418: 1351: 1247: 1142: 1125: 1109: 1074: 1070: 1066: 992: 987: 880: 832: 800: 717: 702: 667: 636: 336: 299: 283: 74: 3375:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1923. 2 volumes; trade paperback, reprints: 3273:. Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute. London: Macmillan. p. 451. 732:(Arrow Lodge or Arrow Tepee). He organized the structure of Cheyenne society, their 6497: 6429: 6214: 6161: 6141: 5787: 5727: 5659: 5443: 5413: 5408: 5284: 5174: 5009: 4999: 4664: 4659: 4383: 4175: 4165: 4099: 4051: 3924: 3860: 3817: 3804: 3766: 3709: 2332: 2304: 2221: 2155: 1915: 1816: 1564: 1541: 1514: 1433: 1402: 1359: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1208: 1113: 1094: 1004: 966: 910: 616: 324: 295: 291: 123: 3590: 1509: 3527: 3456: 3370: 3349:

Washita, The Southern Cheyenne and the U.S. Army. Campaigns and Commanders Series

3218: 2560: 2453: 2303:(d. 1847), daughter of White Thunder (keeper of the Medicine Arrows) and wife of 2104:

that developed for planning warfare, enforcing rules, and conducting ceremonies.

6229: 6146: 5655: 5485: 5393: 5324: 5280: 4654: 4450: 4302: 4119: 4104: 2991: 2265: 2211: 2109: 1989: 1969: 1792: 1767: 1086: 1026: 808: 678: 659: 651: 608: 316: 303: 17: 2846: 2198:

Please list 20th and 21st-century Cheyenne people under their specific tribes,

1826:

and his Fourth Cavalry to the Department of the Platte. Stationed initially at

1183:

after the reservation was opened to American settlement and into modern times.

6397: 5822: 5677: 5585: 5433: 4974: 4644: 4500: 4327: 3724: 2903:, University of California Press (March 15, 1997), trade paperback, 562 pages 2351: 2310: 2255: 1907: 1808: 1738: 1586: 1534: 1267: 1243: 1105: 1082: 725: 286:. By the early 18th century, they were forced west by other tribes across the 3090:

In Dull Knife's Wake: The True Story of the Northern Cheyenne Exodus of 1878,

2773: 6156: 6151: 6136: 5403: 5398: 5388: 4312: 4089: 3929: 3476: 2360: 2341: 2328: 2300: 2280:, belonged to the Elk Horn Scrapers (Hémo'eoxeso), one of the four original 2215: 2129: 1993: 1968:

The Northern Cheyenne were given the right to remain in the north, near the

1804: 918: 824: 753: 612: 600:, which lived in the prairies 70 to 80 miles west of the Cheyenne villages. 593: 411: 335:

to the Southern Plains. In turn, they were pushed west by the more numerous

315:

to the Black Hills in South Dakota. They fought their historic enemies, the

275: 139: 2832:

Dorsey, George A.: "How the Pawnee Captured the Cheyenne Medicine Arrows."

642:

On the Missouri River, the Cheyenne came into contact with the neighboring

3584: 1980: 1895: 701:

relays that both tribal peoples are characterized, and represented by two

492:

is "a bit like the alien speech" (literally, "red-talker"). According to

6250: 4944: 4879: 4870: 4084: 4069: 4043: 4034: 3699: 3645: 3635: 2176: 1962: 1468: 1460: 1371: 1222:

of friendship and trade with tribes of the upper Missouri, including the

1090: 1019: 392: 312: 266:

Over the past 400 years, the Cheyenne have changed their lifestyles from

240: 223: 82: 1799:, a few Cheyenne chiefs and their people surrendered as well. They were 1386:

In April 1856, an incident at the Platte River Bridge (near present-day

5663: 5319: 5314: 5288: 5069: 4262: 4059: 3689: 2498:

Oklahoma History Center's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture.

1838: 1722: 1613: 1479: 1279: 1223: 848: 706: 655: 647: 328: 279: 252: 135: 78: 42: 3447: 1937:

The US established the Tongue River Indian Reservation, now named the

1803:, Standing Elk and Wild Hog with around 130 Cheyenne. Later that year 839:

and switched their diet from fish and agricultural produce, to mainly

5209: 5039: 1663: 1608:

with about 1000 warriors on Camp Rankin, a stage station and fort at

1375: 1263: 1259: 1227: 1219: 1121: 929: 784: 643: 632: 553:(Cheyenne language), that it is sometimes termed a Cheyenne dialect. 497: 447: 362:

meaning "Roped People", together with the Southern Arapaho, form the

1551:

Efforts to make a wider peace continued, but in the spring of 1864,

3439: 3285:"Distribution of American Indian tribes: Cheyenne People in the US" 3127: 3125: 2204:

Northern Cheyenne Tribe of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation

1889:

Northern Cheyenne Tribe of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation

249:

Northern Cheyenne Tribe of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation

5329: 4989: 4914: 4582: 4536: 4139: 4134: 4079: 3578: 3501:

Bringing the Story of the Cheyenne People to the Children of Today

2509:

Walker, James R. & DeMallie, Raymond J. "Lakota Society" 1992.

2180: 1979: 1928: 1894: 1882: 1812: 1777: 1762: 1508: 1478: 1464: 1301: 1293: 1231: 1104:

South of Cheyenne territory they fought with the Kiowa, Comanche,

1078: 973: 965: 957: 949: 874: 843:

and wild fruits and vegetables. Their lands ranged from the upper

840: 828: 736:

led by prominent warriors, their system of legal justice, and the

671: 597: 560: 410: 397: 386: 368: 332: 2734:. New Series, Vol. 12, No. 4 (Oct. – Dec. 1910): 542–575, p. 556. 2523: 2428: 1517:

of the Southern Cheyenne, an advocate of peace among his people.

1058: 836: 791:

The Só'taeo'o prophet Tomȯsévėséhe ("Erect Horns") received the

776: 466: 5628: 5249: 4841: 4005: 3606: 3529:

A Cheyenne Voice: The complete John Stands in Timber interviews

3485:

A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples.]

3461:. The peoples of America. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishing. 1394:. They killed ten Cheyenne warriors and wounded eight or more. 921:

father), Flat-War-Club (Cheyenne), and Sleeping Wolf (Kiowa).

689:

The Cheyenne tribes today descend from two related tribes, the

2730:

Grinnell, George Bird: "The Great Mysteries of the Cheyenne."

2236:

and chief of the Wotapio band of Southern Cheyenne, killed by

2183:

is used for dizziness and weakness. They give dried leaves of

1965:

tribe of Florida never made a treaty with the US government.)

1681: 473:

related to Cree and Cheyenne. The Cheyenne name for Ojibwe is

3072: 3070: 3068: 3066: 1941:, of 371,200 acres (1,502 km) by the executive order of 2901:

American Indian treaties: the history of a political anomaly

2836:, New Series. Vol. 5 (Oct. – Dec. 1903), No. 4, pp. 644–658. 1604:

In January 1865, they planned and carried out a retaliatory

1405:

negotiated with the Cheyenne to reduce hostilities, but the

3389:

The Cheyenne Indians, Vol. 2: War, Ceremonies, and Religion

2994:– Caught Between The Worlds Of The Indian And The White Man 1957:

The Northern Cheyenne, who were sharing the Lakota land at

986:

Like many other Plains Indian nations, the Cheyenne were a

164: 161: 2317:, Northern Cheyenne, legendary war hero and chief of the 1741:. Public reaction arose in outrage against the Cheyenne. 1218:

on May 16, 1825. Ascending the Missouri, they negotiated

1065:. To the east of Cheyenne Territory they fought with the 170: 6210:

Rapid City, Black Hills and Western Railroad (1893–1947)

3404:

Webs of Kinship: Family in Northern Cheyenne Nationhood.

2996:, Da Capo Press (March 15, 2005), hardcover, 458 pages, 2988:

Page 97-98, David Fridtjof Halaas and Andrew E. Masich,

2594:. Cheyenne Language Web Site. 2002-03-03. Archived from 1413:

to carry out a punitive expedition under the command of

3981:

List of ancient dwellings of Pueblo peoples in Colorado

3043: 3041: 1698: 1589:

and indicated its allegiance to the US government. The

1533:

between the Cheyenne and Arapaho of the plains and the

1374:, south of the North Platte River; and extreme western 3424:

Kroeber, A L (July–September 1900). "Cheyenne Tales".

1865:

Eventually the US forced the Northern Cheyenne onto a

1417:. He went against the Cheyenne in the spring of 1857. 350:

meaning "Eaters", live in southeastern Montana on the

4130:

Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska

3351:, vol. 3. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, p. 9 2645:

Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Co., 1999, pp. 15–16

2189:

to horses for urinary troubles and for a sore mouth.

1992:. They farmed corn, squash, and beans, and harvested 182: 173: 3372:

The Cheyenne Indians: Their History and Ways of Life

3027: 3025: 1819:, which both Dull Knife and Little Wolf had signed. 1306:

Cheyenne warrior Alights on the Cloud in his armor.

6516: 6475: 6454: 6385: 6269: 6170: 6103: 6094: 6029: 5988: 5912: 5903: 5878: 5847: 5840: 5670: 5573: 5530: 5509: 5478: 5462: 5426: 5381: 5345: 5338: 5295: 5093: 4886: 4819: 4723: 4637: 4611: 4593:

Pawnee Mission and Burnt Village Archeological Site

4550: 4514: 4433: 4397: 4346: 4250: 4227: 4184: 4148: 4050: 3973: 3938: 3889: 3851: 3803: 3794: 3754: 3733: 3682: 3673: 3652: 2975: 2973: 2454:

Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial Directory.

1926:watershed area, where they established homesteads. 1658:and his troops attacked Black Kettle's band at the 1358:affirmed the Cheyenne and Arapaho territory on the 496:, the Lakota had referred to themselves and fellow 342:The Northern Cheyenne, known in Cheyenne either as 167: 129: 109: 89: 68: 56: 1984:Cheyenne courting scenes, by Big Back, before 1882 1544:and other Cheyenne favoring peace resulted in the 1179:and remained together as the federally recognized 1170:The Arapaho were present with the Cheyenne at the 982:horned headdress, symbol of the Crazy Dog Society. 767:), one of the sacred plant medicines used by many 27:Native American Indian tribe from the Great Plains 3526:John Stands In Timber and Margot Liberty (2013). 3377:The Cheyenne Indians, Vol. 1: History and Society 2671:Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Co., 1999, p. 18 1310:during an attack on a Pawnee hunting camp in 1852 1258:Increased traffic of emigrants along the related 1101:during an attack on a hunting camp around 1830. 835:. They replaced their earth lodges with portable 5603:History of Native Americans in the United States 2877:The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture 2618:Native American Place Names of the United States 2573: 2571: 2405:The Cheyenne Indians: Their History and Lifeways 1998:indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands 1099:The Pawnee captured the Cheyenne's Sacred Arrows 1845:. After fighting battles with the U.S. army at 1037:(Mo'ôhtávêhahtátaneo'o, same literal meaning), 879:Chief Wolf-on-the-Hill (Cheyenne), portrait by 592:. Their economy was based on the collection of 529:The Cheyenne of Montana and Oklahoma speak the 3329:. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970. 3317:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963. 2959: 2957: 2955: 2629:Chief Dull Knife College, Cheyenne Dictionary 2620:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, pg. 95 1463:). The Cheyenne moved below the Arkansas into 740:peace chiefs. The latter was formed from four 584:. The Cheyenne at this time lived between the 5640: 5261: 4853: 4568:Dr. Susan LaFlesche Picotte Memorial Hospital 4017: 3618: 3411:Life of George Bent: Written From His Letters 2719:Life of George Bent. Written From His Letters 2218:, warrior, interpreter and Cheyenne historian 1815:in accordance to an April 29, 1868 treaty of 1370:and north of the Arkansas River; Wyoming and 1041:(Kȧhkoestséataneo'o – "flat-headed-people"), 8: 6200:Cheyenne-Black Hills Stage Route (1876–1887) 3532:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. 2945: 2943: 2941: 2592:"What is the origin of the word "Cheyenne"?" 2542: 2540: 1010:Warriors used a combination of weapons from 51: 3553:Wooden Leg & Thomas B. Marquis (1931). 2681: 2679: 2677: 905:Valley. In response to the construction of 666:. About 1730, they introduced the horse to 6393:Fossil Cycad National Monument (1922–1957) 6132:Black Hills War, or Great Sioux War (1876) 6100: 5909: 5844: 5647: 5633: 5625: 5522:Sitting Bull Crystal Cavern Dance Pavilion 5342: 5268: 5254: 5246: 4860: 4846: 4838: 4024: 4010: 4002: 3800: 3679: 3625: 3611: 3603: 3270:Primitive society and its vital statistics 1559:, commander of the Colorado Volunteers, a 978:Ledger drawing of a Cheyenne warrior with 50: 6205:Sidney-Black Hills Stage Road (1876–1887) 5501:Black Hills War (Great Sioux War of 1876) 3406:Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. 3310:. Lame Deer, MT: Chief Dull Knife College 3300:Ambler, Marjane; Little Bear, Richard E; 2179:of the pulverized leaves and blossoms of 1737:, just as the nation was celebrating its 1191:in Wyoming with their former enemies the 1045:(Otaesétaneo'o – "pierced nose people"), 1025:The enemies of the Cheyenne included the 744:(chiefs or leaders) of the ten principal 346:, meaning "Northern Eaters" or simply as 5763:Minuteman Missile National Historic Site 5554:United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians 3342:Mackenzie's Last Fight with the Cheyenne 3084: 3082: 2990:Halfbreed: The Remarkable True Story Of 2344:, Northern Cheyenne Chief, in Cheyenne: 2321:(Hémo'eoxeso), one of the four original 1654:Four years later, on November 27, 1868, 813:Ésevone / Hóhkėha'e (Sacred Buffalo Hat) 4827:Native American place names in Nebraska 3555:Wooden Leg: A Warrior Who Fought Custer 3487:Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. 2416: 2354:, Northern Cheyenne, warrior fought at 851:, Montana, Colorado, and South Dakota. 811:in the present state of Minnesota. The 650:(Tsé-heše'émâheónese, "people who have 418:, former director and cofounder of the 402:Cheyenne model tipi, buffalo hide, 1860 2363:, chief, Southern Cheyenne, peacemaker 2262:, Head chief of the Northern Cheyenne) 1555:, governor of Colorado Territory, and 783:(Sacred Buffalo Hat) is the symbol of 488:Another of the common etymologies for 423:National Museum of the American Indian 222: 3986:List of prehistoric sites in Colorado 3199:, Vol. 1, pp. 63–71, 127–129, 247–311 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2448: 2446: 1759:Murder trial of seven Cheyenne (1879) 1029:(Óoetaneo'o – "crow (bird) people"), 1018:, and bows and arrows, and lances to 443:The name "Cheyenne" derives from the 191:Indigenous people of the Great Plains 7: 1939:Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation 1879:Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation 1873:Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation 1717:The Northern Cheyenne fought in the 1022:acquired through raiding and trade. 623:, in eastern North Dakota along the 477:, a word that sounds similar to the 352:Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation 69:Regions with significant populations 64:(Northern: 10,840; Southern: 12,130) 4791:Fontenelle Forest Historic District 4675:Champe-Fremont 1 Archeological Site 2550:2007-09-05. Retrieved June 10, 2013 2258:, a translation of his Lakota name 2158:from Dakota to the Arkansas River. 807:(″Stone Hammer Mountain″) near the 724:(″medicine(sacred)-hill″, name for 6590:Native American tribes in Oklahoma 6585:Native American tribes in Nebraska 6570:Native American tribes in Colorado 5175:Fox (Meskwaki, Sauk, and Kickapoo) 3599:, Encyclopedia of the Great Plains 2399:Native American tribes in Nebraska 1421:led part of the expedition up the 25: 6580:Native American tribes in Montana 6524:Mount Rushmore in popular culture 5773:Mount Theodore Roosevelt Monument 4598:Carlisle Indian Industrial School 4242:Nebraska Indian Community College 4075:Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska 3344:. New York: Argonaut Press, 1966. 3132:"WE, THE NORTHERN CHEYENNE PEOPLE 3092:Horse Creek Publications (2003), 2520:"Northern Cheyenne Tribe website" 2425:"Northern Cheyenne Tribe website" 2138:Horse culture on the Great Plains 2020:, unified themselves to form the 1774:, chiefs of the Northern Cheyenne 1502:), Chief of Northern Cheyenne at 6575:Native American tribes in Kansas 4869: 4033: 3634: 3557:. University of Nebraska Press. 3307:We, The Northern Cheyenne People 2117: 1685: 1425:, and via Fountain Creek to the 1332:Superintendent of Indian Affairs 278:. They were close allies of the 157: 4796:Wolfe and Grey (Schuyler) Sites 4680:Frank Parker Archeological Site 3741:Southern Ute Indian Reservation 2744:Reading Eagle November 26, 1997 2690:. Friends of the Little Bighorn 775:(Sacred Arrows) are symbols of 469:or another people who spoke an 428:The Cheyenne called themselves 5548:The Journey Museum and Gardens 4766:Farwell Archeological District 4563:Genoa Indian Industrial School 3660:Outline of Colorado prehistory 2721:. Norman, 1987. Pp. 24 and 49. 2288:St. David Pendleton Oakerhater 2268:(ca. 1820–1904) (in Cheyenne: 2049:, the Notameohmésêhese proper) 1666:by bands operating out of the 1474: 1382:Punitive US expedition of 1857 1336:Indians of the northern plains 1226:, the Cheyenne, the Crow, the 327:of central Colorado. With the 1: 6185:Black Hills Expedition (1874) 6123:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) 5870:Spearfish Canyon Scenic Byway 5496:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) 5491:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851) 4771:Blue Springs, aka Wonder Site 4715:Table Rock Archeological Site 4685:Sweetwater Archeological Site 4578:Susan LaFlesche Picotte House 4542:Cunningham Archeological Site 4410:Pine Ridge Indian Reservation 4405:Nemaha Half-Breed Reservation 4338:Moses J. "Chief" Yellow Horse 3455:Moore, John H. Moore (1996). 3402:Hill, Christina Gish (2016). 3326:Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee 2224:(c. 1803–1868) (in Cheyenne: 1959:Pine Ridge Indian Reservation 1906:The Cheyenne who traveled to 1801:Morning Star (aka Dull Knife) 1484:Morning Star (aka Dull Knife) 1254:Effects of the Emigrant Trail 1189:Wind River Indian Reservation 1149:Relationship with the Arapaho 1063:massacred a Crow camp in 1820 565:Cheyenne woman photograph by 374: 282:and loosely aligned with the 6190:Black Hills gold rush (1874) 6180:Dakota Territory (1861–1889) 5886:Black Hills Centennial Trail 5808:Sitting Bull Crystal Caverns 5753:Jewel Cave National Monument 5693:Black Hills Central Railroad 5565:Republic of Lakotah proposal 4471:Fullerton Archeological Site 4237:Little Priest Tribal College 3427:Journal of American Folklore 2272:, more correctly translated 1719:Battle of the Little Bighorn 1678:Battle of the Little Bighorn 1039:Interior Salish and Kuntenai 691:Tsétsêhéstâhese / Tsitsistas 391:Cheyenne beaded hide shirt, 229:federally recognized nations 193:. The Cheyenne comprise two 5698:Black Hills National Forest 5297:Historic and present tribes 4710:Humphrey Archeological Site 4705:Schrader Archeological Site 4466:Schrader Archeological Site 4125:Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska 4052:Historic and present tribes 3585:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes 2394:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes 2323:Cheyenne military societies 2282:Cheyenne military societies 2232:, since 1854 member of the 2200:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes 2193:Historical Cheyenne Figures 2102:Cheyenne military societies 1943:President Chester A. Arthur 1768:Little Coyote (Little Wolf) 1432:Under the influence of the 1411:1st Cavalry Regiment (1855) 1356:Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 1322:for the upper Arkansas and 1290:Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 1181:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes 946:Cheyenne military societies 940:Enemies and warrior culture 801:Sacred (Buffalo) Hat Bundle 596:and hunting, especially of 364:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes 237:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes 116:Traditional tribal religion 6611: 6195:Newton–Jenney Party (1875) 5601:For more information, see 5560:Lakota Nation Invitational 5538:Seizure of the Black Hills 5486:History of the Black Hills 4806:Wiseman Archeological Site 4801:Schulte Archeological Site 4695:Ashland Archeological Site 4690:Burkett Archeological Site 4456:Horse Creek Pawnee Village 4298:Old Lady Grieves The Enemy 3593:, Chief Dull Knife College 3347:Greene, Jerome A. (2004). 3267:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934). 2250:(1810–1883) (in Cheyenne: 1951:President William McKinley 1876: 1748: 1647: 1574: 1521:Starting in 1859 with the 1271:territory for sustenance. 1152: 943: 522: 331:, the Cheyenne pushed the 261:Algonquian language family 247:, who are enrolled in the 235:, who are enrolled in the 205:(more commonly spelled as 40: 29: 5891:George S. Mickelson Trail 5599: 4374:Battle of Warbonnet Creek 4323:Susette LaFlesche Tibbles 4230:colleges and universities 2546:Chief Dull Knife College 2452:Oklahoma Indian Affairs. 1772:Morning Star (Dull Knife) 885:Fort Pierre, South Dakota 734:military or war societies 695:Só'taeo'o / Só'taétaneo'o 627:. They first reached the 549:, a language so close to 298:, where they adopted the 134: 114: 94: 73: 61: 36:Cheyenne (disambiguation) 6403:Black Hills flood (1972) 5813:Sturgis Motorcycle Rally 5738:Flintstones Bedrock City 5531:Modern events and places 4446:Pike-Pawnee Village Site 4308:Susan La Flesche Picotte 3762:Battle of Beecher Island 2616:Bright, William (2004). 2337:Battle of Summit Springs 2331:, chief of the Cheyenne 2070:, Northern and Southern) 2060:, Northern and Southern) 1751:Northern Cheyenne Exodus 1745:Northern Cheyenne Exodus 1504:Battle of Little Bighorn 1392:Grand Island in Nebraska 509:Chief Dull Knife College 319:and later (1856–79) the 306:of South Dakota and the 224:[t͡sɪt͡shɪstʰɑs] 41:Not to be confused with 6565:Great Sioux War of 1876 6225:George Armstrong Custer 6127:Great Sioux Reservation 5828:Wind Cave National Park 5778:Mystic Miner Ski Resort 5517:Great Sioux Reservation 5140:Chiwere (Iowa and Otoe) 4781:Kurz Omaha Village Site 4724:Other precontact places 4476:Oto Indian Village Site 4115:Ponca Tribe of Nebraska 3579:Northern Cheyenne Tribe 3369:Grinnell, George Bird. 3354:Grinnell, George Bird. 2899:, Francis Paul Prucha, 2834:American Anthropologist 2732:American Anthropologist 2368:Living Cheyenne Figures 2307:; mother of George Bent 2242:Battle of Washita River 2238:George Armstrong Custer 1947:Crow Indian Reservation 1869:, in southern Montana. 1727:George Armstrong Custer 1660:Battle of Washita River 1656:George Armstrong Custer 1650:Battle of Washita River 1644:Battle of Washita River 1634:Battle of Platte Bridge 1630:Powder River Expedition 1415:Colonel Edwin V. Sumner 1278:, emigrants brought in 1139:Great Sioux War of 1876 871:Expansion on the Plains 461:is not known, but many 457:". The identity of the 358:, known in Cheyenne as 6398:Stratobowl (1934–1959) 5463:Traditional narratives 4876:Native American tribes 4761:Nehawka Flint Quarries 4751:Hudson-Meng Bison Kill 4638:Precontact communities 4515:Historic sacred places 3946:Cynthia Irwin-Williams 3746:Ute Mountain Ute Tribe 3665:Prehistory of Colorado 2949:Berthrong, pp. 133– 40 2935:Berthrong, pp. 106–123 2926:Berthrong, pp. 113–114 2774:"Battle of Wolf Creek" 2500:Retrieved 3 July 2013. 2144:fought with and raided 1985: 1934: 1903: 1892: 1784: 1775: 1518: 1506: 1401:. The Indian agent at 1311: 1299: 1205:General Henry Atkinson 983: 971: 963: 955: 887: 718:(Sacred) Arrows Bundle 693:(Cheyenne proper) and 611:region to present-day 607:(Hóheeheo'o) from the 570: 432:(more commonly as the 425: 403: 395: 384: 120:Native American Church 34:. For other uses, see 6462:Rapid City Rapid Ride 5708:Black Hills Playhouse 4588:Moses Merrill Mission 4551:Other historic places 4398:Historic reservations 4364:Battle of Mud Springs 3991:Trail of the Ancients 3391:, Bison Books, 1972. 3379:, Bison Books, 1972. 3356:The Fighting Cheyenne 3315:The Southern Cheyenne 3313:Berthrong, Donald J. 3173:, Vol. 1, pp. 247–311 3147:, Vol. 1, pp. 258–311 3117:The Fighting Cheyenne 3088:Maddux Albert Glenn, 3058:The Fighting Cheyenne 3033:The Fighting Cheyenne 2965:The Fighting Cheyenne 2686:Liberty, Dr. Margot. 2656:The Fighting Cheyenne 2579:The Fighting Cheyenne 2548:"Cheyenne Dictionary" 2488:"Cheyenne, Southern." 2278:Council of Forty-four 2234:Council of Forty-four 2148:hunting and gathering 1983: 1949:. On March 19, 1900, 1932: 1898: 1886: 1856:Fort Robinson tragedy 1851:Punished Woman's Fork 1781: 1766: 1755:Fort Robinson tragedy 1648:Further information: 1622:Battle of Mud Springs 1585:, although it flew a 1575:Further information: 1540:US negotiations with 1512: 1482: 1475:Pike's Peak Gold Rush 1305: 1297: 1246:, the Pawnee and the 1153:Further information: 977: 969: 961: 953: 878: 738:Council of Forty-four 564: 465:assume that it means 414: 401: 390: 373:Cheyenne hide dress, 372: 302:. Having settled the 268:Great Lakes woodlands 130:Related ethnic groups 6436:Charles Badger Clark 5855:Norbeck Scenic Byway 5718:Crazy Horse Memorial 5688:Black Elk Wilderness 5591:Charmaine White Face 5543:Crazy Horse Memorial 5170:Mescalero-Chiricahua 4925:Cheyenne and Arapaho 4451:Skidi Pawnee Village 4434:Historic communities 4369:Battle of Rush Creek 4354:Battle of Ash Hollow 4186:Present reservations 4161:Omaha-Ponca language 3939:Noted archaeologists 3910:Dismal River culture 3871:Mount Albion complex 3674:Contemporary peoples 3220:The Cheyenne Indians 3197:The Cheyenne Indians 3184:The Cheyenne Indians 3171:The Cheyenne Indians 3158:The Cheyenne Indians 3145:The Cheyenne Indians 3047:Hyde, pp. 168 to 195 2851:Texas Beyond History 2763:Berthrong, pp. 24–26 2754:Berthrong, pp. 13–21 2562:The Cheyenne Indians 2214:(1843–1918), son of 2154:, but later all the 1731:Little Bighorn River 1626:Battle of Rush Creek 1455:Sumner continued to 1276:California Gold Rush 664:Powder River Country 621:Biesterfeldt Village 494:George Bird Grinnell 308:Powder River Country 142:, Suhtai, and other 6508:Mule Creek Junction 5823:Terry Peak ski area 5713:Chapel in the Hills 5581:Charlotte Black Elk 5449:Inyan Kara Mountain 4741:Walker Gilmore site 4496:Theodore Davis Site 3956:Waldo Rudolph Wedel 3900:Ancestral Puebloans 3866:Basketmaker culture 3795:Precontact cultures 3782:Sand Creek massacre 3591:Cheyenne Dictionary 3483:Pritzker, Barry M. 2873:"Arapaho, Southern" 2431:on February 2, 2011 2346:Éše'he Ȯhnéšesėstse 2132:gathering, c. 1909. 1912:Miles City, Montana 1824:Ranald S. Mackenzie 1618:Battle of Julesburg 1591:Sand Creek massacre 1577:Sand Creek Massacre 1571:Sand Creek Massacre 1546:Treaty of Fort Wise 1419:Major John Sedgwick 1172:Sand Creek Massacre 1165:Algonquian language 856:Ésevone / Hóhkėha'e 781:Ésevone / Hóhkėha'e 771:in ceremonies. The 580:, near present-day 551:Tsêhésenêstsestôtse 539:Algonquian-language 535:Tsêhésenêstsestôtse 471:Algonquian language 463:Great Plains tribes 416:W. Richard West Jr. 53: 6545:Algonquian peoples 5860:Iron Mountain Road 4940:Citizen Potawatomi 4612:Precontact peoples 4288:Francis La Flesche 3951:Paul Sidney Martin 3676:native to Colorado 3642:Indigenous peoples 3208:Moore, pp. 154–156 3076:Brown, pp. 332–349 2814:Hyde 1968, p. 336. 2805:Greene 2004, p. 9. 2631:"Tsé-tsėhéstȧhese" 2493:2009-02-28 at the 2459:2009-02-11 at the 2376:Population history 2254:, better known as 2186:Sagittaria cuneata 1986: 1935: 1904: 1893: 1785: 1776: 1697:. You can help by 1583:Chief Black Kettle 1537:of the mountains. 1527:South Platte River 1523:Colorado Gold Rush 1519: 1507: 1427:South Platte River 1364:North Platte River 1350:, and to maintain 1316:Thomas Fitzpatrick 1312: 1300: 984: 972: 964: 956: 888: 571: 547:Só'taenęstsestôtse 426: 404: 396: 385: 321:United States Army 144:Algonquian peoples 6560:Comanche campaign 6532: 6531: 6503:Maverick Junction 6483:Cheyenne Crossing 6450: 6449: 6090: 6089: 5899: 5898: 5723:Custer State Park 5622: 5621: 5422: 5421: 5243: 5242: 5165:Hitchiti-Mikasuki 4905:Alabama-Quassarte 4835: 4834: 4756:Woodcliff Burials 4293:Joseph La Flesche 4149:Present languages 4095:Northern Cheyenne 3999: 3998: 3969: 3968: 3920:Panhandle culture 3838:Plainview complex 3790: 3789: 3772:Comanche Campaign 3243:Tah-me-la-pash-me 3217:Grinnell (1972), 3186:, Vol. 1, 209–246 3105:978-0-9722217-1-9 2916:978-0-520-20895-7 2871:Fowler, Loretta. 2796:Hyde 1968, p. 80. 2717:Hyde, George E.: 2319:Elk Horn Scrapers 2270:Ó'kôhómôxháahketa 1832:Wyoming Territory 1725:, killed General 1715: 1714: 1318:was appointed US 1212:Benjamin O'Fallon 1000:warrior societies 988:horse and warrior 847:into what is now 586:Mississippi River 531:Cheyenne language 525:Cheyenne language 356:Southern Cheyenne 257:Cheyenne language 245:Northern Cheyenne 233:Southern Cheyenne 149: 148: 32:Cheyenne, Wyoming 16:(Redirected from 6602: 6408:2000 Jasper Fire 6235:Wild Bill Hickok 6125:established the 6101: 5910: 5845: 5758:The Mammoth Site 5683:Bear Country USA 5649: 5642: 5635: 5626: 5605:. Nearby modern 5454:Six Grandfathers 5427:Spiritual places 5358:Sherman Coolidge 5343: 5339:Historic figures 5277:Native Americans 5270: 5263: 5256: 5247: 5095:Tribal languages 5075:United Keetoowah 5005:Muscogee (Creek) 4965:Fort Sill Apache 4900:Absentee Shawnee 4874: 4873: 4862: 4855: 4848: 4839: 4461:Cottonwood Creek 4441:Ton'wontongathon 4379:Grattan massacre 4333:James Young Deer 4283:Logan Fontenelle 4273:Joba Chamberlain 4251:Historic figures 4040:Native Americans 4038: 4037: 4026: 4019: 4012: 4003: 3974:Related articles 3905:Apishapa culture 3876:Oshara tradition 3833:Hell Gap complex 3823:Folsom tradition 3801: 3705:Jicarilla Apache 3680: 3639: 3638: 3627: 3620: 3613: 3604: 3568: 3549: 3547: 3546: 3522: 3520: 3519: 3513: 3506: 3480: 3451: 3409:Hyde, George E. 3340:Bourke, John G. 3289: 3288: 3281: 3275: 3274: 3264: 3258: 3239: 3233: 3230: 3224: 3215: 3209: 3206: 3200: 3193: 3187: 3180: 3174: 3167: 3161: 3154: 3148: 3141: 3135: 3129: 3120: 3113: 3107: 3086: 3077: 3074: 3061: 3054: 3048: 3045: 3036: 3035:, pp. 124 to 158 3029: 3020: 3019:Hyde, pp. 99–105 3017: 3011: 2986: 2980: 2979:Hyde, pp. 99–105 2977: 2968: 2961: 2950: 2947: 2936: 2933: 2927: 2924: 2918: 2894: 2888: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2868: 2862: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2843: 2837: 2830: 2824: 2821: 2815: 2812: 2806: 2803: 2797: 2794: 2788: 2787: 2785: 2784: 2778:Oklahoma History 2770: 2764: 2761: 2755: 2752: 2746: 2741: 2735: 2728: 2722: 2715: 2709: 2706: 2700: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2683: 2672: 2665: 2659: 2652: 2646: 2639: 2633: 2627: 2621: 2614: 2608: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2588: 2582: 2575: 2566: 2557: 2551: 2544: 2535: 2534: 2532: 2531: 2522:. Archived from 2516: 2510: 2507: 2501: 2485: 2464: 2450: 2441: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2427:. Archived from 2421: 2296:Episcopal Church 2121: 2112:are continuing. 2075:Hesé'omeétaneo'o 2022:Tsé-tsêhéstâhese 1918:and his band of 1860:Indian territory 1789:Dull Knife Fight 1735:Washington, D.C. 1710: 1707: 1689: 1682: 1668:Indian Territory 1561:citizens militia 1407:Secretary of War 1399:Republican River 1177:Indian Territory 1161:Arapaho language 899:Denver, Colorado 864:Poteau, Oklahoma 582:Peoria, Illinois 567:Edward S. Curtis 453:meaning "little 438:Tsétsêhéstaestse 382:Gilcrease Museum 379: 376: 344:Notameohmésêhese 226: 186: 180: 179: 176: 175: 172: 169: 166: 163: 104:Plains Sign Talk 57:Total population 54: 21: 18:Cheyenne Indians 6610: 6609: 6605: 6604: 6603: 6601: 6600: 6599: 6555:Cheyenne people 6535: 6534: 6533: 6528: 6512: 6471: 6467:Jefferson Lines 6446: 6418:Lincoln Borglum 6381: 6265: 6166: 6105:Native American 6096: 6086: 6025: 5984: 5905: 5895: 5874: 5865:Needles Highway 5836: 5793:Reptile Gardens 5743:Gordon Stockade 5666: 5653: 5623: 5618: 5595: 5569: 5526: 5510:Historic places 5505: 5479:Historic events 5474: 5458: 5418: 5377: 5373:Margaret Poisal 5334: 5291: 5274: 5244: 5239: 5097: 5089: 4960:Eastern Shawnee 4950:Delaware Nation 4891: 4889: 4882: 4868: 4866: 4836: 4831: 4815: 4811:Durflinger Site 4719: 4633: 4607: 4573:Indian agencies 4546: 4510: 4429: 4393: 4389:Indian Congress 4359:Massacre Canyon 4347:Historic events 4342: 4268:Chief Blackbird 4258:Antonine Barada 4246: 4229: 4223: 4180: 4144: 4046: 4032: 4030: 4000: 3995: 3965: 3934: 3915:Fremont culture 3885: 3847: 3796: 3786: 3777:Meeker Massacre 3750: 3729: 3675: 3669: 3648: 3633: 3631: 3575: 3565: 3552: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3525: 3517: 3515: 3511: 3504: 3498: 3469: 3454: 3434:(50): 161–190. 3423: 3297: 3295:Further reading 3292: 3283: 3282: 3278: 3266: 3265: 3261: 3240: 3236: 3231: 3227: 3216: 3212: 3207: 3203: 3194: 3190: 3181: 3177: 3168: 3164: 3155: 3151: 3142: 3138: 3130: 3123: 3114: 3110: 3087: 3080: 3075: 3064: 3055: 3051: 3046: 3039: 3030: 3023: 3018: 3014: 2987: 2983: 2978: 2971: 2962: 2953: 2948: 2939: 2934: 2930: 2925: 2921: 2895: 2891: 2881: 2879: 2870: 2869: 2865: 2855: 2853: 2847:"Red River War" 2845: 2844: 2840: 2831: 2827: 2822: 2818: 2813: 2809: 2804: 2800: 2795: 2791: 2782: 2780: 2772: 2771: 2767: 2762: 2758: 2753: 2749: 2742: 2738: 2729: 2725: 2716: 2712: 2707: 2703: 2693: 2691: 2685: 2684: 2675: 2667:Moore, John H. 2666: 2662: 2653: 2649: 2641:Moore, John H. 2640: 2636: 2628: 2624: 2615: 2611: 2601: 2599: 2590: 2589: 2585: 2576: 2569: 2558: 2554: 2545: 2538: 2529: 2527: 2518: 2517: 2513: 2508: 2504: 2495:Wayback Machine 2486: 2467: 2461:Wayback Machine 2451: 2444: 2434: 2432: 2423: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2390: 2378: 2370: 2195: 2173: 2164: 2140: 2135: 2134: 2133: 2127: 2122: 2030:Iviststsinihpah 2028:Heviksnipahis ( 1978: 1881: 1875: 1807:surrendered at 1795:surrendered at 1761: 1749:Main articles: 1747: 1711: 1705: 1702: 1695:needs expansion 1680: 1652: 1646: 1579: 1573: 1557:John Chivington 1531:endemic warfare 1477: 1388:Casper, Wyoming 1384: 1292: 1256: 1201: 1157: 1151: 1135:Red Cloud's War 1033:(Sósone'eo'o), 948: 942: 873: 815:is kept in the 703:cultural heroes 683:Lewis and Clark 590:Mille Lacs Lake 578:Fort Crevecoeur 559: 543:Só'taéka'ęškóne 527: 521: 430:Tsétsêhéstâhese 409: 377: 272:Northern Plains 259:belongs to the 215:Tsétsêhéstâhese 195:Native American 184: 160: 156: 63: 49: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6608: 6606: 6598: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6537: 6536: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6526: 6520: 6518: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6479: 6477: 6476:Road junctions 6473: 6472: 6470: 6469: 6464: 6458: 6456: 6452: 6451: 6448: 6447: 6445: 6444: 6438: 6432: 6426: 6420: 6414:Gutzon Borglum 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6389: 6387: 6383: 6382: 6380: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6273: 6271: 6267: 6266: 6264: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6246:Doane Robinson 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6221: 6219:Martha Bullock 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6176: 6174: 6168: 6167: 6165: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6120: 6115: 6109: 6107: 6098: 6092: 6091: 6088: 6087: 6085: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6057:Johnson Siding 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6033: 6031: 6030:Unincorporated 6027: 6026: 6024: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5992: 5990: 5986: 5985: 5983: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5916: 5914: 5907: 5901: 5900: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5893: 5888: 5882: 5880: 5876: 5875: 5873: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5851: 5849: 5842: 5838: 5837: 5835: 5834: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5768:Mount Rushmore 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5748:Homestake Mine 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5703:Black Elk Peak 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5674: 5672: 5668: 5667: 5654: 5652: 5651: 5644: 5637: 5629: 5620: 5619: 5600: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5577: 5575: 5571: 5570: 5568: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5534: 5532: 5528: 5527: 5525: 5524: 5519: 5513: 5511: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5482: 5480: 5476: 5475: 5473: 5472: 5466: 5464: 5460: 5459: 5457: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5439:Black Elk Peak 5436: 5430: 5428: 5424: 5423: 5420: 5419: 5417: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5385: 5383: 5379: 5378: 5376: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5349: 5347: 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4639: 4635: 4634: 4632: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4619:Central Plains 4615: 4613: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4558:Blackbird Hill 4554: 4552: 4548: 4547: 4545: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4518: 4516: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4491:Woodcliff Site 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4437: 4435: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4401: 4399: 4395: 4394: 4392: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4350: 4348: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4278:Larry EchoHawk 4275: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4254: 4252: 4248: 4247: 4245: 4244: 4239: 4233: 4231: 4228:Present tribal 4225: 4224: 4222: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4190: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4178: 4173: 4171:Sioux language 4168: 4163: 4158: 4152: 4150: 4146: 4145: 4143: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 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3397:978-0803257726 3385:978-0803257719 3367: 3352: 3345: 3338: 3318: 3311: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3290: 3276: 3259: 3253:(big knife) + 3234: 3225: 3210: 3201: 3188: 3175: 3162: 3149: 3136: 3121: 3108: 3078: 3062: 3049: 3037: 3021: 3012: 3009:978-0306814105 2981: 2969: 2951: 2937: 2928: 2919: 2889: 2863: 2838: 2825: 2816: 2807: 2798: 2789: 2765: 2756: 2747: 2736: 2723: 2710: 2701: 2673: 2660: 2647: 2634: 2622: 2609: 2583: 2567: 2552: 2536: 2511: 2502: 2465: 2442: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2409: 2408: 2401: 2396: 2389: 2386: 2377: 2374: 2369: 2366: 2365: 2364: 2358: 2356:Little Bighorn 2349: 2339: 2326: 2313:(in Cheyenne: 2308: 2298: 2285: 2263: 2245: 2230:Mo'ôhtavetoo'o 2219: 2194: 2191: 2172: 2169: 2163: 2160: 2139: 2136: 2124: 2123: 2116: 2115: 2114: 2097: 2096: 2089: 2082: 2073:Hisíometanio ( 2071: 2064: 2061: 2050: 2043: 2040: 2037:Heévâhetaneo'o 2033: 1977: 1974: 1877:Main article: 1874: 1871: 1847:Turkey Springs 1746: 1743: 1713: 1712: 1692: 1690: 1679: 1676: 1645: 1642: 1572: 1569: 1476: 1473: 1423:Arkansas River 1383: 1380: 1348:Santa Fe Trail 1344:Emigrant Trail 1291: 1288: 1255: 1252: 1200: 1199:Treaty of 1825 1197: 1155:Arapaho people 1150: 1147: 993:counting coups 941: 938: 926:Llano Estacado 903:Cimarron River 892:Arapaho people 872: 869: 860:Tséá'enōvȧhtse 845:Missouri River 819:(old term) or 769:Plains peoples 674:to the south. 629:Missouri River 625:Sheyenne River 558: 555: 523:Main article: 520: 517: 408: 405: 360:Heévâhetaneo'o 288:Missouri River 217:(also spelled 147: 146: 132: 131: 127: 126: 112: 111: 107: 106: 92: 91: 87: 86: 71: 70: 66: 65: 59: 58: 47: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6607: 6596: 6595:Plains tribes 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6542: 6540: 6525: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6515: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6480: 6478: 6474: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6453: 6443: 6442:Watson Parker 6439: 6437: 6433: 6431: 6427: 6425: 6424:Joseph Bottum 6421: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6390: 6388: 6384: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6274: 6272: 6268: 6262: 6261:Charlie Utter 6259: 6257: 6256:Al Swearengen 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6243: 6241: 6240:Calamity Jane 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6222: 6220: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6177: 6175: 6173: 6169: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6118:Lakota people 6116: 6114: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6106: 6102: 6099: 6093: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6034: 6032: 6028: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5993: 5991: 5987: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5920:Belle Fourche 5918: 5917: 5915: 5911: 5908: 5902: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5883: 5881: 5877: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5846: 5843: 5841:Scenic routes 5839: 5833: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5803:Sheridan Lake 5801: 5799: 5798:Rushmore Cave 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5733:Dinosaur Park 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5675: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5650: 5645: 5643: 5638: 5636: 5631: 5630: 5627: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5598: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5574:Modern people 5572: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5555: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5535: 5533: 5529: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5514: 5512: 5508: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5477: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5461: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5431: 5429: 5425: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5386: 5384: 5380: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5350: 5348: 5344: 5341: 5337: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5302: 5300: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5271: 5266: 5264: 5259: 5257: 5252: 5251: 5248: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5055:Seneca-Cayuga 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4872: 4863: 4858: 4856: 4851: 4849: 4844: 4843: 4840: 4828: 4825: 4824: 4822: 4818: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4746:Site JF00-072 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4728: 4726: 4722: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4642: 4640: 4636: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4616: 4614: 4610: 4604: 4603:Ionia Volcano 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4555: 4553: 4549: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4532:Lalawakohtito 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4519: 4517: 4513: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4438: 4436: 4432: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4402: 4400: 4396: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4351: 4349: 4345: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4318:Standing Bear 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4255: 4253: 4249: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4226: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4183: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4147: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4036: 4027: 4022: 4020: 4015: 4013: 4008: 4007: 4004: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3978: 3976: 3972: 3962: 3961:Joe Ben Wheat 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3943: 3941: 3937: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3888: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3858: 3856: 3854: 3850: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3802: 3799: 3793: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3759: 3757: 3753: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3732: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3687: 3685: 3681: 3678: 3672: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3657: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3637: 3628: 3623: 3621: 3616: 3614: 3609: 3608: 3605: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3576: 3572: 3566: 3560: 3556: 3551: 3541: 3535: 3531: 3530: 3524: 3514:on 2011-09-22 3510: 3503: 3502: 3497: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3464: 3460: 3459: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3428: 3422: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3405: 3401: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3373: 3368: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3350: 3346: 3343: 3339: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3327: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3312: 3309: 3308: 3303: 3299: 3298: 3294: 3286: 3280: 3277: 3272: 3271: 3263: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3238: 3235: 3229: 3226: 3222: 3221: 3214: 3211: 3205: 3202: 3198: 3192: 3189: 3185: 3179: 3176: 3172: 3166: 3163: 3159: 3153: 3150: 3146: 3140: 3137: 3133: 3128: 3126: 3122: 3119:, pp. 398–427 3118: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3102: 3099: 3098:0-9722217-1-9 3095: 3091: 3085: 3083: 3079: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3053: 3050: 3044: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3028: 3026: 3022: 3016: 3013: 3010: 3006: 3003: 3002:0-306-81410-2 2999: 2995: 2993: 2985: 2982: 2976: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2952: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2938: 2932: 2929: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2913: 2910: 2909:0-520-20895-1 2906: 2902: 2898: 2893: 2890: 2878: 2874: 2867: 2864: 2852: 2848: 2842: 2839: 2835: 2829: 2826: 2820: 2817: 2811: 2808: 2802: 2799: 2793: 2790: 2779: 2775: 2769: 2766: 2760: 2757: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2740: 2737: 2733: 2727: 2724: 2720: 2714: 2711: 2705: 2702: 2689: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2669:The Cheyenne. 2664: 2661: 2657: 2651: 2648: 2644: 2643:The Cheyenne. 2638: 2635: 2632: 2626: 2623: 2619: 2613: 2610: 2602:September 21, 2598:on 2009-08-07 2597: 2593: 2587: 2584: 2580: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2563: 2556: 2553: 2549: 2543: 2541: 2537: 2526:on 2011-02-02 2525: 2521: 2515: 2512: 2506: 2503: 2499: 2496: 2492: 2489: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2455: 2449: 2447: 2443: 2430: 2426: 2420: 2417: 2411: 2407: 2406: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2375: 2373: 2367: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2274:Little Coyote 2271: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2226:Moke-tav-a-to 2223: 2220: 2217: 2213: 2210: 2209: 2208: 2207: 2205: 2201: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2187: 2182: 2178: 2170: 2168: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2137: 2131: 2126: 2120: 2113: 2111: 2105: 2103: 2094: 2090: 2087: 2083: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2069: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2048: 2047:Ôhmésêheseo'o 2044: 2041: 2038: 2035:Hévhaitanio ( 2034: 2031: 2027: 2026: 2025: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2010:Heviqsnipahis 2005: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1982: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1966: 1964: 1960: 1955: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1931: 1927: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1910:(present-day 1909: 1901: 1900:White Buffalo 1897: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1835: 1833: 1829: 1828:Camp Robinson 1825: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1797:Fort Robinson 1794: 1790: 1780: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1709: 1700: 1696: 1693:This section 1691: 1688: 1684: 1683: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1651: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1602: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1587:flag of truce 1584: 1578: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1516: 1511: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1451: 1450:J.E.B. Stuart 1446: 1444: 1443:Solomon River 1439: 1435: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1381: 1379: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1309: 1308:He was killed 1304: 1296: 1289: 1287: 1283: 1281: 1277: 1272: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1253: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1216:Fort Atkinson 1213: 1210: 1206: 1198: 1196: 1194: 1190: 1184: 1182: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1156: 1148: 1146: 1144: 1143:Red River War 1140: 1136: 1131: 1130:Indian Scouts 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1110:Plains Apache 1107: 1102: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1008: 1006: 1001: 996: 994: 989: 981: 976: 968: 960: 952: 947: 939: 937: 933: 931: 927: 922: 920: 914: 912: 908: 904: 900: 895: 893: 886: 882: 881:George Catlin 877: 870: 868: 865: 861: 857: 852: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 833:horse culture 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 789: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 761:motsé'eonȯtse 757: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 710: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 687: 684: 680: 675: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 640: 638: 635:defeated the 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 601: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 576: 568: 563: 556: 554: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 526: 518: 516: 514: 510: 505: 503: 499: 495: 491: 486: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 449: 446: 441: 439: 435: 431: 424: 421: 420:Smithsonian's 417: 413: 406: 400: 394: 389: 383: 371: 367: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 340: 338: 334: 330: 326: 325:Platte Rivers 322: 318: 314: 309: 305: 301: 300:horse culture 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 264: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 225: 220: 216: 212: 208: 204: 203:Só'taétaneo'o 200: 196: 192: 188: 187: 178: 154: 145: 141: 137: 133: 128: 125: 121: 117: 113: 108: 105: 101: 97: 93: 88: 84: 80: 76: 75:United States 72: 67: 60: 55: 44: 37: 33: 19: 6498:Keystone Wye 6488:Four Corners 6430:Francis Case 6215:Seth Bullock 6162:Spotted Tail 6142:Sitting Bull 6112: 5925:Central City 5788:Pactola Lake 5728:Devils Tower 5660:South Dakota 5607:reservations 5552: 5444:Devils Tower 5414:Spotted Tail 5409:Sitting Bull 5304: 5285:South Dakota 5065:Thlopthlocco 4820:Other topics 4665:Signal Butte 4660:Schultz site 4629:Dismal River 4486:McClean Site 4481:Leshara Site 4384:Cheyenne War 4214:Santee Sioux 4176:Sac language 4166:Fox language 4140:Skidi Pawnee 3925:Sopris phase 3861:Apex complex 3818:Cody complex 3805:Paleo-Indian 3767:Colorado War 3755:Major events 3734:Reservations 3554: 3543:. Retrieved 3528: 3516:. Retrieved 3509:the original 3500: 3484: 3458:The Cheyenne 3457: 3431: 3425: 3410: 3403: 3388: 3376: 3371: 3355: 3348: 3341: 3324: 3314: 3306: 3301: 3279: 3269: 3262: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3241:recorded as 3237: 3228: 3219: 3213: 3204: 3196: 3191: 3183: 3178: 3170: 3165: 3157: 3152: 3144: 3139: 3116: 3111: 3089: 3057: 3052: 3032: 3015: 2989: 2984: 2967:, pp. 111–21 2964: 2931: 2922: 2900: 2892: 2880:. Retrieved 2876: 2866: 2854:. Retrieved 2850: 2841: 2833: 2828: 2819: 2810: 2801: 2792: 2781:. Retrieved 2777: 2768: 2759: 2750: 2739: 2731: 2726: 2718: 2713: 2704: 2692:. Retrieved 2668: 2663: 2655: 2650: 2642: 2637: 2625: 2617: 2612: 2600:. Retrieved 2596:the original 2586: 2578: 2561: 2555: 2528:. Retrieved 2524:the original 2514: 2505: 2497: 2435:November 11, 2433:. Retrieved 2429:the original 2419: 2403: 2383: 2379: 2371: 2345: 2335:, killed at 2333:Dog Soldiers 2318: 2314: 2305:William Bent 2291: 2273: 2269: 2259: 2251: 2248:Morning Star 2229: 2225: 2222:Black Kettle 2197: 2196: 2184: 2174: 2165: 2156:Great Plains 2141: 2106: 2098: 2092: 2085: 2079:Issiometaniu 2078: 2074: 2067: 2057: 2053: 2046: 2036: 2029: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2006: 2002:reservations 1987: 1967: 1956: 1936: 1924:Tongue River 1916:Chief Joseph 1905: 1887:Flag of the 1864: 1836: 1821: 1817:Fort Laramie 1786: 1716: 1703: 1699:adding to it 1694: 1672: 1653: 1638: 1603: 1580: 1565:Colorado War 1550: 1542:Black Kettle 1539: 1520: 1515:Black Kettle 1499: 1491: 1454: 1447: 1434:medicine man 1431: 1409:ordered the 1403:Fort Laramie 1396: 1385: 1362:between the 1360:Great Plains 1342:such as the 1340: 1328:Fort Laramie 1324:Platte River 1320:Indian agent 1313: 1284: 1273: 1257: 1236: 1209:Indian agent 1202: 1185: 1169: 1158: 1124:tribes, and 1103: 1097:(Onéhao'o). 1024: 1009: 1005:Dog Soldiers 997: 985: 934: 923: 915: 911:Charles Bent 896: 889: 859: 855: 853: 821:hóhkėha'éome 820: 816: 812: 804: 796: 792: 790: 780: 772: 760: 758: 745: 741: 729: 721: 713: 711: 699:oral history 694: 690: 688: 676: 641: 617:North Dakota 602: 572: 550: 546: 542: 534: 528: 512: 506: 501: 489: 487: 482: 478: 474: 458: 454: 450: 445:Lakota Sioux 442: 437: 436:; singular: 433: 429: 427: 359: 347: 343: 341: 296:South Dakota 265: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 197:tribes, the 152: 150: 124:Christianity 48:Ethnic group 6428:Politician 6270:Ghost towns 6230:Dora DuFran 6147:Crazy Horse 6082:Three Forks 6077:Silver City 6072:Rockerville 5996:Buffalo Gap 5945:Hot Springs 5818:Sylvan Lake 5671:Attractions 5656:Black Hills 5394:Crazy Horse 5281:Black Hills 5045:Sac and Fox 4736:Indian Hill 4731:Indian Cave 4670:Site 25SM20 4527:Ahkawitakol 4506:Wright Site 4303:Petalesharo 4209:Sac and Fox 3797:in Colorado 3160:, pp. 1–57 2992:George Bent 2266:Little Wolf 2260:Tamílapéšni 2212:George Bent 2171:Ethnobotany 2162:Role models 2152:Black Hills 2128:A Cheyenne 2110:clan system 2084:Ohktounna ( 2052:Só'taeo'o ( 1996:like other 1990:Great Lakes 1970:Black Hills 1867:reservation 1793:Crazy Horse 1500:Tamílapéšni 1457:Bent's Fort 1334:, with the 1274:During the 1240:Assiniboine 1059:Plains Cree 1055:Assiniboine 1051:Gros Ventre 919:Owl Woman's 907:Bent's Fort 883:, 1832, in 809:Great Lakes 805:Toh'nihvoos 779:power. The 681:. 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