478:
451:
487:
496:
505:
532:
523:
514:
469:
460:
31:
343:. However, China's building of roads on what Bhutan asserts to be Bhutanese territory, allegedly in violation of the 1998 agreement, has provoked tensions. In 2002, China presented what it claimed to be evidence, asserting its ownership of disputed tracts of land; after negotiations, an interim agreement was reached.
379:, at the meeting point of Bhutan, India and China. On the same day, the Bhutanese border was put on high alert and border security was tightened as a result of the growing tensions. A stand-off between China and India has endured since mid June 2017 at the tri-junction adjacent to the Indian state of
338:
In 1996, China offered to trade
Jakarlung and Pasamlung in exchange for a smaller tract of disputed area around Doklam, Sinchulumpa, and Gieu. This was accepted by Bhutan in principle. In 1998, China and Bhutan signed a bilateral agreement for maintaining peace on the border. In the agreement, China
426:
On
October 14, 2021, Bhutan and China signed an MoU for a three step roadmap to expedite boundary negotiation talks. Boundary negotiations between Bhutan and China had been initiated in 1984, but had seen little progress in the previous 5 years, initially due to the Dhoklam crisis and later due to
258:, Bhutanese authorities permitted Indian troop movements through Bhutanese territory. However, India's defeat in the war raised concerns about India's ability to defend Bhutan. Consequently, while building its ties with India, Bhutan officially established a policy of
350:
visited
Beijing, capital of China, for the 24th round of boundary talks with Chinese Vice President Li Yuanchao. Both sides made comments to show their readiness to strengthen co-operations in various fields and hope of settling the boundary issues. In 2024,
431:
pandemic. The talks would not cover the trijunction area between India, Bhutan and China. As per a 2012 understanding between India and China, the trijunction areas would only be resolved only by consultation with all three involved parties.
400:
accepted the
Convention of Calcutta. China claimed on July 5, 2017, it had a "basic consensus" with Bhutan and there was no dispute between the two countries. On August 10, 2017, Bhutan rejected Beijing's claim that Doklam belongs to China.
383:
after the Indian army blocked the
Chinese construction of a road in what Bhutan and India consider Bhutanese territory. Both India and China deployed 3000 troops on June 30, 2017. On the same day, China released a map claiming that
1168:
361:, China had constructed villages inside of disputed territory within Bhutan. Chinese individuals, called "border guardians," received annual subsidies to relocate to newly built villages and paid to conduct border patrols.
1461:
1430:
732:
409:
On 2 June 2020, China raised a new dispute over territory that has never come up in boundary talks earlier. In the virtual meeting of the Global
Environment Facility (GEF), China objected to a grant for the
1309:
186:
1399:
1199:
1251:
1278:
815:
305:
in 1971, Bhutan began to take a more independent course in its foreign policy. In the U.N., Bhutan, incidentally alongside India, voted in favor of the PRC filling the seat occupied by the
1225:
1160:
1453:
321:
as the king of Bhutan. In the 1980s, Bhutan relinquished its claim to a 154 square miles (400 km) area called Kula Khari on its northern border with China. In 1983, the
1369:
1422:
724:
204:'s arrival in neighbouring India made the security of Bhutan's border with China a necessity for Bhutan. An estimated 6,000 Tibetans fled to Bhutan and were granted
86:
it turns broadly south-eastwards, terminating at the eastern tripoint with India. The only land crossing between Bhutan and China is a secret road/trail connecting
982:
1301:
1139:
757:
82:(part of this stretch is disputed). The border turns east near Mount Masang Gang, though a large stretch of this section is also in dispute. Near the town of
681:
1500:
947:
860:
1556:
1391:
918:
1189:
208:, although Bhutan subsequently closed its border to China, fearing more refugees to come. In July 1959, along with the occupation of Tibet, the Chinese
212:
occupied several
Bhutanese exclaves in western Tibet which were under Bhutanese administration for more than 300 years and had been given to Bhutan by
1247:
552:
589:
340:
1274:
812:
647:
1039:
1221:
370:
259:
1704:
1063:
702:
335:
held talks on establishing bilateral relations in New York. In 1984, China and Bhutan began annual, direct talks over the border dispute.
477:
450:
97:
893:
1699:
834:
301:
Until the 1970s, India represented Bhutan's concerns in talks with China over the broader Sino-Indian border conflicts. Obtaining
1361:
155:
1493:
1004:
627:
486:
797:
1719:
1549:
441:
189:
between the local
Tibetan government and the central government of the PRC in 1951, Bhutan withdrew its representative from
883:
144:
1627:
1582:
339:
affirmed its respect for Bhutan's sovereignty and territorial integrity and both sides sought to build ties based on the
385:
302:
1642:
1602:
1597:
1097:
495:
1339:
267:
213:
154:
Bhutan's border with Tibet has never been officially recognised and demarcated. For a brief period in circa 1911, the
972:
209:
134:
1131:
1709:
1486:
764:
411:
329:
1632:
1612:
1714:
1542:
1031:
247:). Incursions by Chinese soldiers and Tibetan herdsmen also provoked tensions in Bhutan. Imposing a cross-border
1647:
1617:
852:
940:
322:
1637:
910:
1666:
556:
504:
375:
On June 29, 2017, Bhutan protested to China against the construction of a road in the disputed territory of
167:
1622:
1592:
393:
197:
1678:
1607:
1161:"Bhutan issues scathing statement against China, claims Beijing violated border agreements of 1988, 1998"
579:
182:
where considerable portions of Bhutan as well as other countries was included in its territorial claims.
318:
163:
678:
313:" policy. In 1974 in a symbolic overture, Bhutan invited the Chinese ambassador to India to attend the
644:
1671:
148:
1523:
415:
162:
named Bhutan as falling within "the correct boundaries of China" and would later include it in the
1194:
1102:
353:
531:
522:
513:
1071:
698:
1107:
1045:
1035:
889:
358:
306:
240:
221:
175:
140:
1565:
1392:"China throws up another 'disputed' territory claim against Bhutan, seen as targeting India"
725:"Ladakh is the First Finger, China is Coming After All Five: Tibet Chief's Warning to India"
397:
290:. The disputed area in Doklam covers 89 square kilometers (km), while the disputed areas in
468:
459:
838:
819:
685:
651:
295:
255:
205:
201:
185:
With the increase in soldiers on the
Chinese side of the Sino-Bhutanese border after the
977:
831:
758:"Economic and political relations between Bhutan and the neighbouring countries pp-168"
263:
171:
1693:
763:. Institute of developing economies Japan external trade organisation. Archived from
584:
248:
74:
The border starts in the west at the western tripoint with India just north of Mount
1012:
347:
332:
229:
166:. The territorial claim was maintained by the People's Republic of China after the
87:
83:
30:
17:
885:
Himalayan
Frontiers of India: Historical, Geo-Political and Strategic Perspectives
1222:"EXCLUSIVE: China releases new map showing territorial claims at stand-off site"
291:
1028:
The new great game : China and South and Central Asia in the era of reform
251:
and closing the border, Bhutan established extensive military ties with India.
325:
314:
159:
1111:
1049:
235:
A Chinese map published in 1961 showed China claiming territories in Bhutan,
112:
99:
1190:"Border face-off: China and India each deploy 3,000 troops - Times of India"
310:
79:
55:
1331:
1248:"Nehru Accepted 1890 Treaty; India Using Bhutan to Cover up Entry: China"
428:
389:
287:
283:
279:
275:
75:
59:
270:, there are four disputed areas between Bhutan and China. Starting from
78:. It then proceeds overland to the north-east, across mountains such as
388:
belonged to China. China claimed, via the map, that territory south to
217:
158:
officially maintained a territorial claim on parts of Bhutan. In 1930,
1454:"Bhutan-China border talks deal not to involve Trijunction with India"
1423:"Bhutan, China sign MoU for 3-step roadmap to expedite boundary talks"
396:. On July 3, 2017, China told India that former Indian prime minister
728:
380:
376:
271:
244:
225:
43:
1478:
1534:
973:"China Is Building Entire Villages in Another Country's Territory"
236:
190:
91:
63:
51:
47:
29:
1538:
1482:
1026:
Singh, Swaran (2016). "China Engages Its Southwest Frontier".
440:
Historical maps of the border area from west to east in the
274:
in the west, the border goes along the mountain ridges from
392:
belonged to China and claimed that it was supported by the
630:(5 July 2004). BhutanNewsOnline.com. Accessed 30 May 2008.
444:
and Operational Navigation Chart, mid-late 20th century:
1362:"Why Did China Claim A Part Of Bhutan's Territory Now?"
800:(12 January 2008). AsiaTimes.com. Accessed 30 May 2008.
54:, running for 477 km (296 mi) through the
1656:
1572:
1132:"Bhutan protests against China's road construction"
1332:"Bhutan counters China's claim over its territory"
1064:"China hopes to forge diplomatic ties with Bhutan"
228:and several smaller monasteries and villages near
1302:"Bhutan rejects China's claim in Doklam: China"
822:(8 April 2008). IPCS.org. Accessed 30 May 2008.
654:(May 2007). HimalMag.com. Accessed 30 May 2008.
1550:
1494:
841:(9 February 1998). BBC. Accessed 30 May 2008.
8:
1452:Chaudhury, Dipanjan Roy (16 October 2021).
752:
750:
135:Bhutan–China relations § Border issues
1557:
1543:
1535:
1501:
1487:
1479:
346:On 11 August 2016 Bhutan Foreign Minister
262:. According to official statements by the
178:in 1949. In 1959, China released a map in
1275:"No dispute with Bhutan in Doklam: China"
941:"Ladakhi and Bhutanese Enclaves in Tibet"
699:"Bhutan's Relations With China and India"
341:Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence
151:, and relations are historically tense.
1096:Xiao, Muyi; Chang, Agnes (2024-08-10).
1030:. Thomas Fingar. Stanford, California:
813:Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies
808:
806:
544:
446:
1091:
1089:
42:is the international boundary between
34:Map of Bhutan, with China to the north
1372:from the original on 20 November 2020
1342:from the original on 25 November 2020
1202:from the original on 12 November 2020
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
645:India and the upcoming Druk democracy
640:
638:
636:
592:from the original on 25 November 2020
418:claiming that the area was disputed.
7:
1421:Haidar, Suhasini (14 October 2021).
623:
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
555:. CIA World Factbook. Archived from
216:in the 17th century. These included
1464:from the original on 12 August 2022
1433:from the original on 11 August 2022
1402:from the original on 1 October 2020
1312:from the original on 10 August 2017
798:In Bhutan, China and India collide
25:
1281:from the original on 29 July 2017
1254:from the original on 30 July 2017
921:from the original on 26 June 2020
863:from the original on 27 June 2020
851:Ranade, Jayadeva (16 July 2017).
735:from the original on 24 June 2020
1228:from the original on 4 July 2017
1098:"China's Great Wall of Villages"
985:from the original on May 7, 2021
530:
521:
512:
503:
494:
485:
476:
467:
458:
449:
371:2017 China–India border standoff
303:membership in the United Nations
1289:– via The Economic Times.
1171:from the original on 2017-07-02
1142:from the original on 2017-07-29
971:Barnett, Robert (May 7, 2021).
953:from the original on 2022-12-02
723:Siddiqui, Maha (18 June 2020).
705:from the original on 2021-01-08
442:International Map of the World
1:
909:Arpi, Claude (16 July 2016).
832:Bhutan: a land frozen in time
578:Sirohi, Seema (14 May 2008).
1011:. 2002-10-24. Archived from
701:. The Jamestown Foundation.
357:reported that, according to
1736:
888:. Routledge. p. 240.
412:Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary
405:Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary
368:
330:Bhutanese Foreign Minister
309:and openly supported the "
145:People's Republic of China
132:
1514:
1032:Stanford University Press
853:"A Treacherous Faultline"
298:cover about 180 km.
147:do not maintain official
911:"Little Bhutan in Tibet"
679:Bhutan - China relations
323:Chinese Foreign Minister
210:People's Liberation Army
180:A brief history of China
1005:"Bhutan-China Relation"
650:13 January 2008 at the
168:Chinese Communist Party
113:27.698912°N 89.189139°E
1705:Bhutan–China relations
1300:PTI (10 August 2017).
628:Bhutan-China relations
580:"A New Bhutan Calling"
422:Three Step Roadmap MoU
394:Convention of Calcutta
198:1959 Tibetan Rebellion
35:
1720:International borders
688:Accessed 30 May 2008.
319:Jigme Singye Wangchuk
164:Five Fingers of Tibet
125:) known as Tremo La.
33:
1672:Frontier Closed Area
414:in eastern Bhutan's
245:now a state of India
149:diplomatic relations
118:27.698912; 89.189139
27:International border
1700:Bhutan–China border
1273:PTI (5 July 2017).
882:K. Warikoo (2019).
818:29 May 2008 at the
770:on 18 December 2020
416:Trashigang District
365:Doklam crisis, 2017
109: /
40:Bhutan–China border
18:China–Bhutan border
1458:The Economic Times
1306:The Times of India
1195:The Times of India
1103:The New York Times
1074:on August 11, 2016
1009:Bhutan News Online
837:2010-11-11 at the
684:2017-08-03 at the
354:The New York Times
286:, and down to the
187:17-point agreement
36:
1710:Borders of Bhutan
1687:
1686:
1675:
1532:
1531:
1509:Borders of Bhutan
1136:The Straits Times
1041:978-0-8047-9764-1
359:satellite imagery
268:National Assembly
241:Kingdom of Sikkim
222:Labrang Monastery
176:Chinese Civil War
156:Republic of China
141:Kingdom of Bhutan
16:(Redirected from
1727:
1715:Borders of China
1669:
1566:Borders of China
1559:
1552:
1545:
1536:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1198:. 30 June 2017.
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1167:. Jun 30, 2017.
1157:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1138:. Jun 30, 2017.
1128:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1093:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1070:. Archived from
1060:
1054:
1053:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1001:
995:
994:
992:
990:
968:
962:
961:
959:
958:
952:
945:
937:
931:
930:
928:
926:
906:
900:
899:
879:
873:
872:
870:
868:
848:
842:
829:
823:
810:
801:
795:
780:
779:
777:
775:
769:
762:
754:
745:
744:
742:
740:
720:
714:
713:
711:
710:
695:
689:
676:
655:
642:
631:
625:
602:
601:
599:
597:
575:
569:
568:
566:
564:
559:on June 12, 2007
549:
534:
525:
516:
507:
498:
489:
480:
471:
462:
453:
398:Jawaharlal Nehru
254:During the 1962
170:took control of
124:
123:
121:
120:
119:
114:
110:
107:
106:
105:
102:
58:between the two
21:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1652:
1568:
1563:
1533:
1528:
1510:
1507:
1477:
1467:
1465:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1436:
1434:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1398:. 2 July 2020.
1390:
1389:
1385:
1375:
1373:
1368:. 3 July 2020.
1360:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1338:. 2 June 2020.
1330:
1329:
1325:
1315:
1313:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1250:. 3 July 2017.
1246:
1245:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1205:
1203:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1174:
1172:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1145:
1143:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1116:
1114:
1095:
1094:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1042:
1034:. p. 163.
1025:
1024:
1020:
1003:
1002:
998:
988:
986:
970:
969:
965:
956:
954:
950:
943:
939:
938:
934:
924:
922:
908:
907:
903:
896:
881:
880:
876:
866:
864:
850:
849:
845:
839:Wayback Machine
830:
826:
820:Wayback Machine
811:
804:
796:
783:
773:
771:
767:
760:
756:
755:
748:
738:
736:
722:
721:
717:
708:
706:
697:
696:
692:
686:Wayback Machine
677:
658:
652:Wayback Machine
643:
634:
626:
605:
595:
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577:
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560:
551:
550:
546:
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535:
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517:
508:
499:
490:
481:
472:
463:
454:
438:
436:Historical maps
424:
407:
373:
367:
256:Sino-Indian War
214:Ngawang Namgyal
202:14th Dalai Lama
137:
131:
117:
115:
111:
108:
103:
100:
98:
96:
95:
72:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1733:
1731:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1692:
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1685:
1684:
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1681:
1676:
1663:
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1654:
1653:
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1645:
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1630:
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1620:
1615:
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1605:
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1590:
1585:
1579:
1577:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1539:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1483:
1476:
1475:
1444:
1413:
1396:Tibetan Review
1383:
1366:Huffingon Post
1353:
1323:
1292:
1265:
1239:
1213:
1181:
1152:
1123:
1085:
1055:
1040:
1018:
1015:on 2002-10-24.
996:
978:Foreign Policy
963:
932:
901:
894:
874:
843:
824:
802:
781:
746:
715:
690:
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632:
603:
570:
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541:
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423:
420:
406:
403:
369:Main article:
366:
363:
264:King of Bhutan
172:mainland China
130:
127:
71:
68:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1575:
1574:International
1571:
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1522:
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1371:
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1303:
1296:
1293:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1266:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1227:
1224:. July 2017.
1223:
1217:
1214:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1170:
1166:
1162:
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1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1000:
997:
984:
980:
979:
974:
967:
964:
949:
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1583:Afghanistan
1068:Xinhua News
857:The Pioneer
429:coronavirus
292:Sinchulumpa
116: /
70:Description
1694:Categories
1643:Tajikistan
1603:Kyrgyzstan
1598:Kazakhstan
1406:10 October
1376:10 October
1346:10 October
1175:2017-06-30
1146:2017-06-30
1117:2024-08-10
957:2023-10-10
925:10 October
867:10 October
709:2023-10-10
540:References
326:Wu Xueqian
315:coronation
260:neutrality
160:Mao Zedong
133:See also:
104:89°11′21″E
101:27°41′56″N
1667:Hong Kong
1468:12 August
1437:12 August
1427:The Hindu
1316:10 August
1165:Firstpost
1112:0362-4331
1050:939553543
311:One China
80:Jomolhari
60:tripoints
56:Himalayas
1658:Internal
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553:"Bhutan"
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288:Amo Chhu
284:Sinchela
280:Batangla
276:Gamochen
239:and the
200:and the
143:and the
76:Gipmochi
1648:Vietnam
1618:Myanmar
989:May 21,
774:29 June
739:19 June
585:Outlook
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218:Darchen
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129:History
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1679:Macau
1623:Nepal
1593:India
1524:India
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237:Nepal
191:Lhasa
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64:India
62:with
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1378:2023
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1318:2017
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1234:2017
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1108:ISSN
1080:2016
1046:OCLC
1036:ISBN
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