28:
74:
20:
27:
383:[Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation, the Government of the People's Republic of China, and the Government of the People's Democratic Republic of Korea, determining the line of delimitation of the water spaces of the three states on the Tumen River] (in Russian). Federal Agency for the Development of State Border Infrastructure. Archived from
90:
Three granite shoreside markers are specified in the 1985 treaty defining the tripoint, which is "a straight line running along the perpendicular from border sign No. 423 on the
Russian-Chinese state border to the line of the middle of the main channel of the Tumannaya River between both banks of the
259:
approaches the junction point overland from the north. Because the theoretical tripoint is in the middle of the river, where it would be impractical to install a border monument, the agreement provides instead that the three countries install border monuments on the riverbank, and that the position
380:Соглашение между Правительством Российской Федерации, Правительством Китайской Народной Республики и Правительством Корейской Народно-Демократической Республики об определении линии разграничения пограничных водных пространств трех государств на реке Туманная
280:
98:
138:
181:
540:
921:
507:
China's
Territorial and Boundary Affairs – Protocol on Tri-junction of the Boundary between and among China, North Korea and Russia in the Tumen River on June 20, 2002
439:
Lee, Seok-Woo; Shin, Chang-Hoon (2013), "Implications of the border regime between North Korea and China", in Paek, C.; Paik, J.H.; Yi, S.; Lee, S.W.; Tan, K. (eds.),
591:
333:
766:
733:
442:
Asian
Approaches to International Law and the Legacy of Colonialism: The Law of the Sea, Territorial Disputes and International Dispute Settlement
1005:
995:
355:
990:
73:
450:
914:
506:
378:
528:
1000:
677:
907:
584:
296:
759:
67:
63:
31:
944:
699:
55:
939:
837:
792:
689:
617:
252:
852:
812:
807:
650:
243:
The principal border treaty was signed on April 17, 1985. A separate, trilateral treaty specifies the position of the
694:
667:
577:
842:
822:
709:
662:
640:
635:
622:
299:). In this case, the tripoint would not strictly be a point where the three countries' sovereign territory meets.
985:
957:
952:
752:
857:
827:
704:
655:
645:
329:
847:
797:
728:
627:
256:
51:
876:
832:
802:
817:
467:
881:
351:
962:
888:
480:"Border Disputes between China and North Korea: The Yalu and Tumen Rivers, and control of the seas"
19:
484:
264:
233:
600:
524:
446:
440:
775:
493:
510:
384:
359:
337:
479:
268:
979:
237:
498:
518:
225:
220:
The terrestrial boundary between Russia and North Korea runs along the fairway (
59:
315:
555:
542:
196:
183:
154:
140:
114:
100:
276:
95:
Boundary marker no. 423, Russia–China border (treaty number 1; left bank) -
78:
35:
899:
244:
47:
445:, Routledge research in international law, Routledge, pp. 109–118,
419:
229:
221:
211:
Russia marker (treaty number 3; left bank) - coordinates to be amended
291:
Interpretation of various treaties may mean that a China–North Korea
569:
744:
272:
248:
72:
26:
18:
263:
The administrative unit on the
Russian side of the border is the
903:
748:
573:
260:
of the tripoint be determined with respect to those monuments.
362:, at the Russia's border agency's (Rosgranitsa) official site
513: (archived 2011-07-23) at PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs
232:, while the maritime boundary separates the two countries'
492:(52), translated by Peter Brown from the French original,
66:
and under 2,000 meters from the
Russian settlement of
866:
782:
718:
607:
373:
371:
255:run along the middle of the Tumen River, while the
77:China–North Korea–Russia tripoint memorial in
16:Meeting point of China, Russia and North Korea
915:
760:
585:
325:
323:
178:Korea marker (treaty number 2; right bank) -
8:
332:("Information on international agreements")
520:Land and maritime boundary disputes of Asia
247:of the borders of Russia, North Korea, and
922:
908:
900:
767:
753:
745:
592:
578:
570:
534:, item China-Korea (North)-Russia tripoint
497:
478:Gomà Pinilla, Daniel (March–April 2004),
271:; on the Korean side, it is the city of
405:
308:
330:Информация о международных соглашениях
424:, International Border Research Group
421:China - North Korea - Russia tripoint
7:
316:Video of one of the markers at 9:28
126:Boundary marker no. 423 (Pyongyang)
466:Frank Jacobs (February 21, 2012),
58:intersect. The tripoint is in the
14:
44:China–North Korea–Russia tripoint
295:exists in the river (or even an
166:Boundary marker no. 423 (WGS-84)
62:about 500 meters upstream from
287:Border line versus border zone
64:Korea Russia Friendship Bridge
32:Korea Russia Friendship Bridge
1:
499:10.4000/chinaperspectives.806
251:. The North Korea–Russia and
281:Russian border guard station
283:in the area is Peschanaya.
1022:
23:Map of the tripoint region
1006:China–Soviet Union border
996:North Korea–Russia border
958:Military Demarcation Line
953:Korean Demilitarized Zone
935:
297:international condominium
275:; on the Chinese side is
253:China–North Korea borders
56:North Korea–Russia border
991:China–North Korea border
502:– via Open Edition
379:
197:42.416528°N 130.635139°E
155:42.419787°N 130.639275°E
115:42.419500°N 130.638250°E
930:Borders of North Korea
734:Alaska (United States)
556:42.41833°N 130.63701°E
418:Rolf Palmberg (2013),
82:
39:
24:
517:Rongxing Guo (2009),
358:July 7, 2015, at the
336:July 8, 2015, at the
202:42.416528; 130.635139
160:42.419787; 130.639275
120:42.419500; 130.638250
76:
30:
22:
882:Frontier Closed Area
1001:China–Russia border
963:Northern Limit Line
561:42.41833; 130.63701
552: /
468:"Manchurian Trivia"
406:Lee & Shin 2013
257:China–Russia border
193: /
150: /
135:(Pyongyang datum)
110: /
52:China–Russia border
485:China Perspectives
472:The New York Times
265:Khasansky District
234:territorial waters
83:
40:
25:
973:
972:
897:
896:
885:
742:
741:
601:Borders of Russia
452:978-0-415-67978-7
1013:
986:Border tripoints
924:
917:
910:
901:
879:
776:Borders of China
769:
762:
755:
746:
594:
587:
580:
571:
567:
566:
564:
563:
562:
557:
553:
550:
549:
548:
545:
533:
523:, Nova Science,
503:
501:
474:
455:
426:
425:
415:
409:
403:
397:
396:
394:
392:
375:
366:
365:
354:("North Korea")
349:
343:
342:
327:
318:
313:
208:
207:
205:
204:
203:
198:
194:
191:
190:
189:
186:
174:
173:
171:
170:
169:
167:
162:
161:
156:
151:
148:
147:
146:
143:
134:
133:
131:
130:
129:
127:
122:
121:
116:
111:
108:
107:
106:
103:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1010:
976:
975:
974:
969:
931:
928:
898:
893:
862:
778:
773:
743:
738:
714:
632:European Union
603:
598:
560:
558:
554:
551:
546:
543:
541:
539:
538:
531:
516:
511:Wayback Machine
477:
465:
462:
460:Further reading
453:
438:
435:
430:
429:
417:
416:
412:
404:
400:
390:
388:
381:
377:
376:
369:
363:
360:Wayback Machine
350:
346:
340:
338:Wayback Machine
328:
321:
314:
310:
305:
289:
218:
201:
199:
195:
192:
187:
184:
182:
180:
179:
165:
163:
159:
157:
153:
152:
149:
144:
141:
139:
137:
136:
125:
123:
119:
117:
113:
112:
109:
104:
101:
99:
97:
96:
88:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1019:
1017:
1009:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
978:
977:
971:
970:
968:
967:
966:
965:
960:
955:
947:
942:
936:
933:
932:
929:
927:
926:
919:
912:
904:
895:
894:
892:
891:
886:
873:
871:
864:
863:
861:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
789:
787:
780:
779:
774:
772:
771:
764:
757:
749:
740:
739:
737:
736:
731:
725:
723:
716:
715:
713:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
686:
685:
675:
660:
659:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
630:
625:
620:
614:
612:
605:
604:
599:
597:
596:
589:
582:
574:
536:
535:
529:
514:
504:
475:
461:
458:
457:
456:
451:
434:
431:
428:
427:
410:
408:, p. 111.
398:
367:
352:Северная Корея
344:
319:
307:
306:
304:
301:
288:
285:
269:Primorsky Krai
217:
214:
213:
212:
209:
176:
87:
84:
38:Village, China
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1018:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
983:
981:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
937:
934:
925:
920:
918:
913:
911:
906:
905:
902:
890:
887:
883:
878:
875:
874:
872:
869:
865:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
790:
788:
785:
784:International
781:
777:
770:
765:
763:
758:
756:
751:
750:
747:
735:
732:
730:
727:
726:
724:
721:
717:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
683:
679:
678:South Ossetia
676:
673:
669:
666:
665:
664:
661:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
633:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
615:
613:
610:
606:
602:
595:
590:
588:
583:
581:
576:
575:
572:
568:
565:
532:
530:9781607416296
526:
522:
521:
515:
512:
508:
505:
500:
495:
491:
487:
486:
481:
476:
473:
469:
464:
463:
459:
454:
448:
444:
443:
437:
436:
432:
423:
422:
414:
411:
407:
402:
399:
387:on 2015-07-02
386:
382:
374:
372:
368:
361:
357:
353:
348:
345:
339:
335:
331:
326:
324:
320:
317:
312:
309:
302:
300:
298:
294:
286:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
261:
258:
254:
250:
246:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
215:
210:
206:
188:130°38′06.5″E
177:
172:
132:
105:130°38′17.7″E
94:
93:
92:
85:
80:
75:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
37:
33:
29:
21:
949:South Korea
867:
783:
719:
681:
671:
608:
537:
519:
489:
483:
471:
441:
420:
413:
401:
389:. Retrieved
385:the original
364:(in Russian)
347:
341:(in Russian)
311:
292:
290:
262:
242:
238:Sea of Japan
219:
185:42°24′59.5″N
102:42°25′10.2″N
89:
43:
41:
838:North Korea
793:Afghanistan
700:North Korea
559: /
547:130°38′13″E
293:border zone
279:. The main
226:Tumen River
216:Description
200: /
158: /
145:130°38′21″E
118: /
60:Tumen River
980:Categories
853:Tajikistan
813:Kyrgyzstan
808:Kazakhstan
690:Kazakhstan
618:Azerbaijan
544:42°25′06″N
303:References
164: (
142:42°25′11″N
124: (
50:where the
34:viewed in
877:Hong Kong
651:Lithuania
391:April 23,
277:Fangchuan
224:) of the
79:Fangchuan
36:Fangchuan
868:Internal
843:Pakistan
823:Mongolia
720:Maritime
695:Mongolia
682:disputed
672:disputed
668:Abkhazia
356:Archived
334:Archived
245:tripoint
228:and its
175:(WGS-84)
91:river."
54:and the
48:tripoint
858:Vietnam
828:Myanmar
710:Ukraine
663:Georgia
641:Finland
636:Estonia
623:Belarus
509:at the
433:Sources
236:in the
230:estuary
222:thalweg
86:Markers
81:, China
46:is the
945:Russia
848:Russia
798:Bhutan
705:Norway
656:Poland
646:Latvia
527:
449:
68:Khasan
940:China
889:Macau
833:Nepal
803:India
729:Japan
628:China
273:Rason
249:China
818:Laos
609:Land
525:ISBN
490:2004
447:ISBN
393:2018
42:The
494:doi
267:of
982::
488:,
482:,
470:,
370:^
322:^
240:.
70:.
923:e
916:t
909:v
884:)
880:(
870::
786::
768:e
761:t
754:v
722::
684:)
680:(
674:)
670:(
611::
593:e
586:t
579:v
496::
395:.
168:)
128:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
