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1967 to 1985 is considered the Ujamaa era; introduced by the
Tanzanian ruling class; Ujamaa is a form of African socialism that creates a socialist principled society without conflict and exploitation. This socialist ideology focused on fighting poverty, creating an egalitarian society, self-reliance, and distributive justice mainly through nationalization and villagization. Nationalization resulted in an economy controlled by the state as all privately owned businesses became public property including banks, manufacturing companies, milling, mining, and all other major enterprises. Villagisation was designed as a rural development program that assembled people living in sparsely populated areas to work on communal farms, build self-reliance, and collectively up-lift living standards. Following the Ujamaa era, phase I of restructuring began in 1986, which included liberalization of exchange and trade, liberalization of the agricultural sector, and implementation of various civil service reforms. Phase II of restructuring occurred in 1996 with widespread privatization, liberalization of the financial system, development of market-oriented economic and regulatory reforms, trade reforms, changes in monetary & fiscal policy, and financing from foreign donors.
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was signed by China, Tanzania, and Zambia, representing the beginning of China's formal commitment to the project in that they agreed to provide the technical and professional manpower needed for each phase of construction. By 1970 China officially agreed to finance the project by providing a $ 401 million interest-free loan shared equally between
Tanzania and Zambia. The loan was repayable over 30 years with a 5-year grace period and required repayments to be made in third-party currency or from the two countries exports. The railway project implemented by the Chinese Engineering Construction Company included the construction of 320 bridges, 22 tunnels, and 2,225 culverts along the trains pathway and required additional financing from the Chinese to cover the cost of power, rolling stock, steel rails, signaling equipment, cement, stations, a training school, workshops, and other related infrastructure. Since 2010, China has continued its technical and financial support for the Tazara by funding and upgrading the railway to achieve increased operational efficiency to help meet growing passenger and trade demand.
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work, which is often company policy. Chinese enclaves have been formed primarily due to language barriers as older
Chinese managers often do not speak English and younger managers struggle with the Tanzanian's heavily accented English. Additionally, very few Chinese workers speak Bemba, a dialect of East Africa's Copperbelt, or Swahili, the national language of Tanzania. In the cities of Chambishi, Kitwe, and Urafiki Chinese management teams live in segregated houses known as the "China houses" or the "Chinese compound". These residential quarters for Chinese workers often include their own security guards, ping-pong tables, cooks, television, video and DVD media from China, athletic spaces, vegetable gardens, and livestock. The salaries of workers living in the Urafiki compound go directly to their bank accounts in China to encourage saving, the staff is only provided an allowance to buy items like fruit or toiletries because entertainment and necessities are provided in the compound; this further alienates workers from the local population.
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including financing of natural gas pipelines, power plant developments, as well as a port, railway, and roadway upgrades. These mineral resources are concentrated in areas distant from the coast, posing infrastructural and logistical challenges that constrain economic activity like trade. This is evident from prospecting companies and their mining partners looking at major South and
Eastern Tanzania projects citing infrastructure as the primary deterrent to investment. Mining companies require infrastructural networks that can handle high tonnage loads, which are widely absent and lack government stakeholder support and investment. However, the Central Development Corridor has engaged in significant planning to improve infrastructure in the northwest gold mining region and the nickel and iron-ore deposit regions along the borders with Rwanda and Burundi. Institutional infrastructure is available via the Central Corridor Transit Transport, which maintains and regulates roadways but has done little to improve rail and power grid improvements.
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Zanzibari
Revolution dramatically increased Chinese influence on the island as China quickly recognized the new regime and provided development assistance and military aid. Additionally, the mutiny of the Tanganyikan army on January 19, 1964, led President Nyerere to request external military assistance to rebuild his army which, was answered first by the Chinese, who became primary suppliers of military assistance to the Tanzania People's Defense Force. Moreover, Tanzania's resistance to alignment with either cold war superpower and continued emphasis on the liberation of Southern Africa created hostility with the West. In 1970, China became the major supplier of military assistance to the Tanzanian armed forces and became the largest bilateral source of development aid.
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Tanzania East Africa's digital hub. The project was financed with US$ 264 million in loans from China's Exim Bank and was implemented by the
Chinese International Telecommunications Construction Corporation (CITCC) and Huawei. In 2010, phase II of the NICTBB project launched with an additional US$ 100 million in loans from China's Exim bank with the stipulation that Chinese suppliers and equipment be used for the project; therefore, the partnership with the CITCC and Huawei continued. The project is being used to lower costs of communication, promote e-learning, e-health, e-commerce, e-government, and facilitate the development of science and technology.
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Chinese trade and further economic integration to other regions of the world, with a particular focus on East Africa, Asia, and
Eastern Europe. The initiative includes building and financing railways, highways, power grids, gas & oil pipelines, telecommunications infrastructure, industrial parks, special economic zones, shipping facilities, information technology, alternative energy sectors, and more. The Chinese government and Chinese companies coordinate these efforts with Tanzanian stakeholders through free trade agreements, generous lines of credit, and other measures intended to generate an investment-friendly environment for foreign investors.
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originated from, 22 African elephant range States, including
Botswana, Cameroon, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, the Sudan, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. This is a relatively recent phenomenon as 87 % of these cases occurred in the most recent period since 1998. With an already strong and growing economic presence throughout Africa, Chinese nationals are now well positioned to exploit direct sources of illicit ivory in a manner that was not the case in the past.
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Magistrate Devota Kisoka imposed a fine of 9,781,204,900 Tanzanian shillings, in default of which Yu is detained in
Tanzania pending appeal of a 20-year sentence. Chinese officials have taken steps to curb the influx of illegal ivory—of the 900 ivory seizures performed annually in China, 90% involve items uncovered in hand inspections of travelers' luggage—and they are not known to have offered legal-, financial-, or political assistance to Chinese nationals suspected of poaching in Tanzania.
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160:. The Chinese government sent as many as 56,000 workers, and has continued to aid the railway in the decades since. From 2000 to 2011, there are approximately 62 Chinese official development finance projects identified in Tanzania through various media reports. These projects range from the Chinese government's efforts to launch the
103:, the former President of the United Republic of Tanzania, described Tanzania-China relations as “transcended the traditional government to government contacts and extended to people to people cooperation, to the extent that the people of Tanzania and China call each other ‘rafiki’ which means ‘friend’ in
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Chinese financial institutions and technology companies supported
Tanzania's telecommunications revolution of the 1990s and 2000s. In February 2009, the Tanzanian National ICT Broadband Fibreoptic Backbone (NICTBB) was launched to provide higher capacity ICT services at a more affordable rate to make
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Tanganyika became the tenth African state to recognize the People's Republic of China in 1964 and the first to do it within days of independence. Military and political unrest in the 1960s in mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar further strengthened ties between the two countries. On January 12, 1964, the
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Bagamoyo is the site of a Chinese-run special economic zone with a mega-port constructed by China Merchants Ports Holdings. In 2012, The Tanzanian government, Oman, China Merchants Ports Holdings came to an agreement on a flagship Belt and Road initiative project with a total investment of over US$
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The Tanzania-Zambia Railway (Tazara) is a 1,860 km long railway from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, to Kaprimposhi, Zambia, to link Central and Southern Africa with East Africa to facilitate trade, tourism, and inter-state cooperation. On September 5, 1967, the first agreement regarding the railway
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Enclaves are distinct territorial, cultural, or social units enclosed within the boundaries of a foreign territory. Chinese enclaves have formed in Tanzania, evident from Chinese workers not venturing into the local community, consuming local entertainment, or gaining cultural exposure outside of
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In January 2011, the Chinese Beijing Construction Engineering Group began upgrading Tanzania's Zanzibar international airport by renovating terminal 2 and constructing terminal 3. The Tanzanian government received US$ 70 million in financing from China's Exim Bank to support the project, which is
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In the post-independence period, Tanzania inherited a colonial market economy where agriculture accounted for 59% of GDP in 1961 compared to other sectors of the economy such as transport, construction, mining, commerce, services, manufacturing, and more, making drastically smaller contributions.
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China’s recent wave of investment in Africa has brought thousands of Chinese executives and workers to the continent, including countries where ivory is openly sold, often carved into items for the Asian market. It may be transported in luggage or by post in small quantities, for personal use or
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In 2007 the Beijing Construction Engineering Group completed the construction of the Tanzanian National Stadium located in Dar es Salaam. The new stadium was estimated to cost more than $ 60 million, with the Tanzanian government contributing more than half of the project's total financing. The
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In March 2014 Chinese national Yu Bo appeared before the Kisutu Resident Magistrates’ Court in Dar es Salaam, accused of illegally collecting 81 elephant tusks. Yu petitioned for leniency, citing his several dependents and lack of criminal history, as he entered a guilty plea. Senior Resident
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The Ponte da Unidad/Umoja, also known as the unity bridge, is a 720-meter-long bridge connecting Tanzania with Mozambique across the Rovuma River. The China GeoEngineering Corporation implemented the project with funding from the Tanzanian and Mozambique governments at a total cost of US$ 26.8
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In September 2011, China's Sichuan Hongda Co. signed an agreement with Tanzania to mine iron ore and coal; the joint venture with Tanzania's National Development Corporation is worth more than US$ 3 billion. The project has given the Tanzanians access to agreements with the Chinese government,
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Modern economic and infrastructural cooperation between Tanzania and China is highly connected to China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). In 2013, China expanded its Belt and Road Initiative as a form of foreign policy mainly to construct an overland network of infrastructure to better connect
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involvement of Chinese nationals in the direct procurement of ivory in elephant range States in Africa. The ETIS data illustrate that Chinese nationals have been arrested, detained or absconded in at least 126 seizure cases – representing some 14.2 tonnes of ivory – which have occurred in, or
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In the immediate aftermath of the UNODC findings, Tanzania's Deputy Minister for Natural Resources and Tourism was forced to respond to citizen complaints of "... Chinese nationals, engaging in the massacre of our animals and transporting them to their countries for their own benefit."
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projected to support the travel of 1.5 million passengers annually. In addition to expanding air transport for passengers, the project also improves air transport of goods to and from Zanzibar by providing a safe and reliable airport for large aircraft and a high volume of flights.
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stadium is considered another landmark accomplishment in China-Tanzanian relations, a sentiment communicated by former Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, who emphasized the high-quality construction and importance of the two nations' cooperation in his visit to the site in 2006.
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10 billion. In addition to the port itself, the 3,000-hectare site will link Tanzania's new Standard gauge railway and the Tanzania-Zambia railway. However, the project faced several challenges, including in 2016, when the project was briefly canceled.
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Austin Strange, Bradley C. Parks, Michael J. Tierney, Andreas Fuchs, Axel Dreher, and Vijaya Ramachandran. 2013. China’s Development Finance to Africa: A Media-Based Approach to Data Collection. CGD Working Paper 323. Washington DC: Center for Global
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It is estimated that between 5,600 and 15,400 elephants are poached in Eastern Africa annually, producing between 56 and 154 metric tons of illicit ivory, of which two-thirds (37 tons) is destined for Asia, worth around US$ 30 million in
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re-sale at great profit in Asian markets. The quantities involved are generally small (although tusks cut into suitcase-sized chunks have been detected), but, due to their frequency, could constitute a major source of supply.
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Expatriate Chinese residents in Eastern Africa comprise some of the most important middlemen. Although they have taken measures to address the illicit trade, Thailand and China remain two of the most important
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Chinese nationals on the ground in Tanzania have been jailed in connection with large-scale interdictions. In November 2013 three Chinese nationals were arrested in Dar es Salaam with a stockpile of 797 tusks.
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has combined with corruption among Tanzanian rangers and police to devastating effect. Between 2010 and 2013, over three tonnes of ivory has been seized in Tanzania, and two-thirds of the elephants at
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million. The bridge, which opened in May 2010, is lowering business costs in the region by facilitating a more accessible route for trade and travel between Southern African and East Africa.
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said that the government of Tanzania would take action against poachers without regard to their countries of origin, and that any threat against tourism revenues would be taken seriously.
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The bulk of the large ivory shipments from Africa to Asia appears to pass through the container ports of Kenya and the United Republic of Tanzania, where interventions could be addressed.
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on December 9, 1961, and December 11, 1963, respectively. When Tanganyika and Zanzibar were united and became Tanzania on April 26, 1964, China extended its diplomatic ties to it.
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According to the United Nations report, the link between Chinese demand and Tanzanian supply is the single most destructive influence on the African elephant population:
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290:(TPDF) army with 10,000 personnel, four infantry battalions, 20 T-59, 14 Chinese T-62 light tanks, some BTR-40 and BTR-152, Soviet field artillery and Chinese mortars.
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Tanzania is one of China's most important military partners in Africa. On an annual basis, Tanzania sends a significant amount of officers and NCOs to train in China.
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Robbins, Glen, and David Perkins. “Mining FDI and Infrastructure Development on Africa's East Coast: Examining the Recent Experience of Tanzania and Mozambique.”
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Chiyemura, F., Gambino, E. & Zajontz, T. Infrastructure and the Politics of African State Agency: Shaping the Belt and Road Initiative in East Africa.
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Vhumbunu, Clayton Hazvinei. “Enabling African Regional Infrastructure Renaissance through the China-Africa Partnership: A Trans-Continental Appraisal.”
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From the outset of bilateral relations, China has assisted Tanzania with a variety of economic aid programs. The most notable early aid project was the
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happened in 1978–1979, in which the first tank battle happened in African continent, between Tanzania's Chinese tanks with Libya's Soviet tanks.
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China first began training Tanzanian pilots in the early 1970s. It has continued to support Tanzanian air force training as of at least 2023.
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Strange, Parks, Tierney, Fuchs, Dreher, and Ramachandran, China’s Development Finance to Africa: A Media-Based Approach to Data Collection.
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Strange, Parks, Tierney, Fuchs, Dreher, and Ramachandran, China’s Development Finance to Africa: A Media-Based Approach to Data Collection.
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Strange, Parks, Tierney, Fuchs, Dreher, and Ramachandran, China’s Development Finance to Africa: A Media-Based Approach to Data Collection.
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policy, that the Hong Kong government was taking the best approach to the situation, and that other countries should support China.
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Lee, C. (2009). Raw Encounters: Chinese Managers, African Workers and the Politics of Casualization in Africa's Chinese Enclaves.
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Mandalu, Martin, et al. “Investigation on Tanzania’s Economic History since Independence: The Search for a Development Model.”
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Recent Interpol operations...have found a growing number of carved objects...with vendors speaking Chinese to their clients.
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built from 1970 to 1975 with Chinese funding, labor and technical assistance. The 1,860 km railway connects landlocked
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708:"Only a drunkard would accept these terms: Tanzania President cancels 'killer Chinese loan' worth $ 10 bn"
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Tanzania was among the African countries which expressed support for the Chinese government during the
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in Eastern Africa has increased, rising to levels that could threaten the local elephant population.
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OTELE, OSCAR MEYWA. “China’s Belt and Road Initiative and Intra-Regional Dynamics in Africa.”
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Sortijas, Steve. “Tanzania's New National Stadium and the Rhetoric of Development.”
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1134:"A Young Chinese Conservationist Discusses His Country's Role in the Ivory Trade"
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Yu, George T. “Working on the Railroad: China and the Tanzania-Zambia Railway.”
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326:(3–15 June 2007 at the Hague, Netherlands), expressed explicit concern over the
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China, Tanzania sign loan agreements on ICT, air transport infrastructure.
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International Journal of China Studies African Infrastructure Renaissance
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168:. In 2020, Tanzania canceled a $ 10 billion loan that was part of the
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Transnational Organized Crime in Eastern Africa: A Threat Assessment
1037:. The Hague, Netherlands. 3–15 June 2007. p. 38. Archived from
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China-Powered ICT Infrastructure: Lessons from Tanzania and Cambodia
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Transnational Organized Crime in Eastern Africa: A Threat Assessment
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Bariyo, Joe Parkinson, James T. Areddy and Nicholas (2020-04-17).
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In 1992, the IISS listed the army with, among others, 30 Chinese
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China's Relations with Africa: a New Era of Strategic Engagement
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traveled to Tanzania, where it treated 6,421 Tanzanian patients.
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1199:"Chinese Poacher Fails to Pay Sh9bn Fine, Jailed 20 Years"
839:. South African Institute of International Affairs; 2021.
733:"As Africa Groans Under Debt, It Casts Wary Eye at China"
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1226:"From Elephants' Mouths, an Illicit Trail to China"
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1077:. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna
1068:"Trafficking of Ivory From Eastern Africa to Asia"
859:News from Xinhua News Agency China. Daily bulletin
322:The published report of the 14th meeting of the
626:World Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities
185:Information and Communications Technology (ICT)
135:China’s Belt and Road Initiative Foreign Policy
1103:"Corruption in High Office Nourishes Poaching"
84:. China established diplomatic relations with
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284:International Institute for Strategic Studies
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822:, vol. 11, no. 11, Nov. 1971, pp. 1101–1117.
765:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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2508:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
1168:"Foreign Nationals Warned Against Poaching"
433:On its 2017 medical mission to Africa, the
379:Recent research indicates that the rate of
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343:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
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2867:List of diplomatic missions in Tanzania
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360:Growing purchasing power among Chinese
318:Elephant poaching and Chinese nationals
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683:http://aiddatachina.org/projects/1906
671:http://aiddatachina.org/projects/1905
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792:Journal of International Development
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2413:Central Foreign Affairs Commission
76:are the foreign relations between
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1400:Congo, Democratic Republic of the
1259:Embassy of China in Dar es Salaam
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121:on his visit to Beijing in 1968.
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2903:Bilateral relations of Tanzania
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601:"Tanzania - China Relations"
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2425:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1174:. TSN Media. Archived from
1109:. TSN Media. Archived from
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469:and a consulate-general in
465:Tanzania has an embassy in
458:and a consulate-general in
244:Chinese Managerial Enclaves
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2496:Political status of Taiwan
1316:Foreign relations of China
929:10.1007/s41111-022-00214-8
484:Chinese people in Tanzania
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1224:Levin, Dan (2013-03-01).
996:Columbia University Press
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2893:China–Tanzania relations
2849:1970 Preparatory Meeting
2522:Major historical splits
2446:Belt and Road Initiative
1385:Central African Republic
454:China has an embassy in
263:one country, two systems
170:Belt and Road Initiative
74:China–Tanzania relations
20:China–Tanzania relations
2471:Foreign policy of China
2385:China and the Antarctic
2350:China–Japan–South Korea
738:The Wall Street Journal
194:Infrastructure Projects
2908:Africa–China relations
2553:Wolf warrior diplomacy
2380:Arctic policy of China
2320:BCIM Economic Corridor
2310:Multilateral relations
1405:Congo, Republic of the
921:Chin. Polit. Sci. Rev.
430:
354:
335:
122:
2476:Foreign Relations Law
2451:China's peaceful rise
1540:São Tomé and Príncipe
1138:A Voice for Elephants
421:
347:
328:
113:
2844:Non-Aligned Movement
2766:United Arab Emirates
1983:United Arab Emirates
1044:on 19 September 2013
1018:IISS, 1972-73, p. 40
952:The China Quarterly,
2860:Diplomatic missions
2501:Chinese unification
2461:Confucius Institute
1998:Northern Domination
1736:Trinidad and Tobago
1621:Antigua and Barbuda
1328:Bilateral relations
1203:Tanzania Daily News
1172:Tanzania Daily News
1107:Tanzania Daily News
414:Medical cooperation
370:Selous Game Reserve
337:In its 2013 report
298:Uganda–Tanzania War
21:
16:Bilateral relations
1676:Dominican Republic
1231:The New York Times
1197:Kapama, Faustine.
1132:Russo, Christina.
431:
286:(IISS) listed the
253:Sovereignty issues
123:
117:being received by
2880:
2879:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2548:Theater diplomacy
2513:Stadium diplomacy
2433:
2421:
2418:General Secretary
2393:
2392:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2295:
1420:Equatorial Guinea
1005:978-0-231-21001-0
554:978-0-520-30292-1
519:978-1-61251-251-8
427:Guangzhou Airport
312:main battle tanks
101:Benjamin W. Mkapa
71:
70:
2915:
2677:
2609:
2608:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2574:
2518:String of Pearls
2430:Foreign Minister
2427:
2415:
2399:
2306:
2247:Papua New Guinea
1335:
1324:
1314:
1313:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1279:
1272:
1267:
1261:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1163:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1098:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1043:
1036:
1028:
1019:
1016:
1010:
1009:
984:
965:
948:
931:
917:
904:
897:
886:
879:
862:
855:
840:
834:
823:
816:
803:
800:10.1002/jid.2817
788:
771:
770:
764:
756:
754:
753:
728:
722:
721:
719:
718:
703:
697:
691:
685:
679:
673:
667:
661:
655:
649:
642:
629:
622:
605:
604:
597:
591:
584:
567:
566:
538:
532:
531:
503:
217:National stadium
166:National Stadium
59:
58:
48:
47:
29:
22:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2855:
2832:
2816:
2775:
2704:
2678:
2669:
2613:
2603:
2601:
2571:
2562:
2491:Panda diplomacy
2456:Chinese Century
2404:
2389:
2311:
2292:
2271:
2257:Solomon Islands
2200:
2009:
1755:
1609:
1329:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1264:
1257:
1253:
1244:
1242:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1181:
1179:
1178:on 19 June 2014
1165:
1164:
1157:
1147:
1145:
1144:on June 6, 2014
1131:
1130:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1113:on 19 June 2014
1100:
1099:
1090:
1080:
1078:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1006:
988:Shinn, David H.
986:
985:
968:
949:
934:
918:
907:
898:
889:
880:
865:
856:
843:
835:
826:
817:
806:
789:
774:
757:
751:
749:
730:
729:
725:
716:
714:
705:
704:
700:
692:
688:
680:
676:
668:
664:
656:
652:
643:
632:
623:
608:
599:
598:
594:
588:African Affairs
585:
570:
555:
540:
539:
535:
520:
505:
504:
497:
492:
480:
451:
416:
404:Lazaro Nyalandu
320:
277:
271:
255:
246:
237:
228:
219:
210:
201:
196:
187:
178:
146:
137:
128:
60:
56:
49:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2921:
2919:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2885:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2812:United Kingdom
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2577:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2493:
2488:
2486:Nine-dash line
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2434:
2422:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2375:United Nations
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2355:European Union
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2191:United Kingdom
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2056:Czech Republic
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1320:
1319:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1282:
1274:
1273:
1262:
1251:
1216:
1189:
1155:
1124:
1088:
1055:
1020:
1011:
1004:
966:
932:
905:
887:
863:
841:
824:
804:
772:
723:
698:
686:
674:
662:
650:
630:
606:
592:
568:
553:
533:
518:
494:
493:
491:
488:
487:
486:
479:
476:
475:
474:
463:
450:
447:
437:hospital ship
425:Boeing 787 at
415:
412:
399:
398:
395:
391:
387:
384:
319:
316:
273:Main article:
270:
267:
254:
251:
245:
242:
236:
233:
227:
224:
218:
215:
209:
206:
200:
197:
195:
192:
186:
183:
177:
174:
150:TAZARA Railway
145:
142:
136:
133:
127:
124:
115:Julius Nyerere
69:
68:
65:
64:
53:
41:
40:
38:
35:
34:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2920:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:Former states
2819:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2700:United States
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2607:
2598:
2593:
2591:
2586:
2584:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2400:
2396:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2360:Latin America
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2307:
2303:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:Former states
2274:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1741:United States
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1455:Guinea-Bissau
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1271:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1255:
1252:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1220:
1217:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1190:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1128:
1125:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1040:
1033:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1007:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
967:
964:
960:
956:
953:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
933:
930:
926:
922:
916:
914:
912:
910:
906:
902:
896:
894:
892:
888:
884:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
864:
860:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
842:
838:
833:
831:
829:
825:
821:
815:
813:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
773:
768:
762:
748:
744:
740:
739:
734:
727:
724:
713:
709:
702:
699:
696:
690:
687:
684:
678:
675:
672:
666:
663:
660:
654:
651:
647:
641:
639:
637:
635:
631:
627:
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
607:
602:
596:
593:
589:
583:
581:
579:
577:
575:
573:
569:
564:
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2237:New Zealand
2181:Switzerland
2131:Netherlands
1936:South Korea
1916:Philippines
1894:North Korea
1767:Afghanistan
1686:El Salvador
1570:South Sudan
1460:Ivory Coast
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2887:Categories
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2645:Mozambique
2288:Yugoslavia
2227:Micronesia
2161:San Marino
2126:Montenegro
2116:Luxembourg
1988:Uzbekistan
1963:Tajikistan
1854:Kyrgyzstan
1849:Kazakhstan
1802:East Timor
1782:Bangladesh
1777:Azerbaijan
1666:Costa Rica
1550:Seychelles
1515:Mozambique
1500:Mauritania
1485:Madagascar
1380:Cape Verde
1245:2020-04-24
752:2020-04-24
717:2020-04-24
563:1041526196
490:References
119:Zhou Enlai
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2746:Palestine
2726:Indonesia
2403:Diplomacy
2345:Caribbean
2212:Australia
2111:Lithuania
1948:Sri Lanka
1931:Singapore
1911:Palestine
1817:Indonesia
1751:Venezuela
1716:Nicaragua
1626:Argentina
1505:Mauritius
1240:0362-4331
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2441:in China
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2041:Bulgaria
1968:Thailand
1906:Pakistan
1879:Mongolia
1874:Maldives
1869:Malaysia
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1731:Suriname
1701:Honduras
1661:Colombia
1636:Barbados
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1375:Cameroon
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460:Zanzibar
381:poaching
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2531:Albania
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2325:BIMSTEC
2267:Vanuatu
2205:Oceania
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2091:Iceland
2086:Hungary
2076:Germany
2066:Finland
2061:Denmark
2046:Croatia
2036:Belgium
2031:Belarus
2026:Austria
2021:Albania
1993:Vietnam
1941:History
1899:History
1884:Myanmar
1864:Lebanon
1842:history
1807:Georgia
1772:Armenia
1746:Uruguay
1706:Jamaica
1691:Grenada
1681:Ecuador
1641:Bolivia
1631:Bahamas
1590:Tunisia
1560:Somalia
1545:Senegal
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1470:Lesotho
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1395:Comoros
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2071:France
2051:Cyprus
2014:Europe
1973:Turkey
1958:Taiwan
1832:Israel
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1721:Panama
1711:Mexico
1651:Canada
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1600:Zambia
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2171:Spain
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2005:Yemen
1953:Syria
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1889:Nepal
1837:Japan
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1480:Libya
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