1538:
2166:
1499:
185:
802:
2651:
544:. After this visit, Sri Lanka and China agreed that both countries would encourage Chinese companies to participate in the port project and encourage the use of concessional loans from China to finance the project. Sri Lankan President Rajapaksa visited China in February 2007 and the visit resulted in China's decision to fund the port development.
1449:
The first major loan it took on the project came from the
Chinese government's Export-Import Bank, or Exim, for $ 307 million. But to obtain the loan, Sri Lanka was required to accept Beijing's preferred company, China Harbor, as the port's builder, according to a United States Embassy cable from the
484:
Preferential buyers' credits are denominated in U.S. dollars. Although their conditions are concessional, they are not subsidized by tax revenues. The preferential export buyer's credit is generally classified as a commercial loan rather than foreign aid even if the interest rate is very low because
468:
For concessional loans the bank advances a no interest or very low interest rate loan to a developing country government or agency to build a project (e.g. power plant, road, water treatment facility). The term of the concession loan is up to 20 years and a maximum
45:
742:
Exim Bank has a twelve member board of directors. Two are the executives in charge of managing Exim Bank. Six are directors from the agencies that hold shares of Exim Bank. The four "government-ministry directors" come from the
1264:
1331:
465:) are the two main loan products under the preferential loan program. Exim Bank's Sovereign Business Loan Department manages these loans. These two types of loans are a major part of the financing support for the BRI.
2613:
2443:
2415:
2568:
2111:
1205:
1817:
1256:
529:
Beginning in the early 2000s, the Sri Lankan government sought to obtain funding from international creditors to develop
Hambantota. The Sri Lankan government sought funding for the
1925:
1315:
1173:
2593:
1883:
1610:
1293:
815:
290:
2006:
2070:
341:, and water projects) and investment loans for Chinese businesses to establish overseas in the energy, mining and industrial sectors. Another function is to administer
2065:
1901:
31:
1827:
329:
of the government. The focus of the bank is facilitate
Chinese companies' exports. Commercial lending forms the backbone of the bank. Commercial activity includes
2700:
2280:
1996:
1235:
1024:
386:
2479:
1956:
130:
744:
2685:
1970:
1437:
1197:
993:
352:
Exim Bank does not publish figures for overseas loans. However, U.S. officials estimate that it finances more than the total export financing of the
2710:
2390:
1526:
756:
424:
345:
which are no interest or very low interest loans provided as foreign aid by the
Chinese government. Exim is the sole provider of Chinese government
2448:
2395:
1652:
2484:
2325:
2305:
1876:
1590:
477:
building the project). Concessional loans are a form of foreign aid and subsidized by the
Chinese government revenues. They are denominated in
2405:
1394:
1365:
1150:
1059:
2578:
2343:
2335:
2270:
536:
After India declined to fund development of the port, Sri Lanka next sought funding from China. In July 2006, Sri Lankan foreign minister
473:
of 7 years is given. The preferential export buyer's credit is provided to a foreign borrower to purchase
Chinese goods or services (e.g.
2705:
2603:
2675:
2037:
413:
2060:
1166:
845:
2654:
2598:
2548:
1869:
1096:
934:
2101:
309:
to other developing countries, and provide policy financial support so as to promote the export of
Chinese products and services.
2046:
1920:
1710:
1462:
420:
2573:
1504:
2695:
2680:
1934:
1285:
1975:
219:
2032:
1965:
367:(CDB) together signed loans of at least $ 110 billion to other developing country governments and companies, more than the
2427:
2202:
530:
205:
518:
2690:
2400:
1939:
1662:
1519:
752:
1558:
1227:
825:
748:
521:
for upgrading infrastructure, including upgrading an airport, bridge construction, and relocating the country's port.
489:
428:
148:
1991:
1016:
2563:
2410:
1845:
1622:
1960:
2558:
1807:
1574:
1386:
1051:
2715:
2583:
2519:
2509:
2353:
2165:
2022:
1951:
1892:
1080:
926:
379:
2588:
2514:
1929:
423:. As of 2019, its majority owner is Buttonwood Investment Holding Company Ltd. (which is in turn owned by the
514:
efforts. The news follow's India's promise to also support Sri Lanka through the debt restructuring program.
2233:
2096:
1945:
1695:
1642:
1512:
985:
2618:
2310:
2207:
2151:
1850:
1840:
1637:
1595:
1419:
364:
318:
140:
1725:
1647:
298:
2608:
2197:
2623:
2385:
2348:
2192:
1657:
346:
342:
330:
2628:
2553:
2501:
2187:
1715:
1700:
1357:
537:
440:
393:, have complained that Exim Bank doesn't follow the export financing guidelines promulgated by the
2315:
2091:
1685:
1424:
1110:
1102:
940:
547:
In 2023, Exim Bank provided Sri Lanka with an extension on Sri Lankan debt due in 2022 and 2023.
511:
474:
338:
162:
1048:
China's Rise in the Global South: the Middle East, Africa, and
Beijing's Alternative World Order
2420:
2106:
1429:
1400:
1390:
1361:
1323:
1146:
1092:
1055:
930:
294:
136:
1782:
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1627:
1553:
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1084:
820:
244:
962:
2132:
2027:
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1787:
1777:
1767:
1757:
1737:
1729:
1614:
1582:
849:
359:
326:
416:
to recapitalize Exim Bank, which in turn empowered it to make significant foreign loans.
1498:
184:
2380:
1797:
1772:
1742:
923:
The
Latecomer's Rise: Policy Banks and the Globalization of China's Development Finance
406:
385:
Rival export financing institutions that have seen a decline in influence, such as the
375:
334:
1466:
2669:
2238:
2116:
1762:
1632:
1114:
390:
144:
1316:"After India, China gives financing assurances to Sri Lanka for IMF bailout package"
1257:"After India, China gives financing assurances to Sri Lanka for IMF bailout package"
2041:
1705:
1568:
807:
671:
470:
251:
2223:
944:
293:. Established in 1994, the bank was chartered to implement the state policies in
2297:
2275:
2001:
1752:
1690:
783:
317:
The bank is a policy bank and along with other
Chinese policy institutions like
306:
286:
122:
1383:
The new great game : China and South and Central Asia in the era of reform
1077:
Sovereign Funds: How the Communist Party of China Finances its Global Ambitions
17:
2086:
1802:
797:
368:
126:
1433:
1404:
1327:
1198:"Angola looks at refinancing as it faces higher repayments on Chinese loans"
667:
655:
500:
1861:
44:
1106:
2320:
1143:
Normative Readings of the Belt and Road Initiative: Road to New Paradigms
777:
731:
723:
719:
707:
699:
541:
478:
322:
2051:
1986:
1981:
1088:
711:
695:
687:
683:
651:
647:
302:
103:
75:
727:
715:
703:
691:
663:
659:
533:
project form both the United States and India, which both declined.
493:
65:
2444:
Special Loan Program for China-Latin America Infrastructure Project
2416:
Sino-Latin American Production Capacity Cooperation Investment Fund
499:
In 2022, the bank signed an agreement with Hong Kong realtor group
2569:
Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia
2243:
1537:
679:
675:
643:
504:
107:
2543:
2228:
2055:
1286:"Sri Lanka president, China Exim Bank chief discuss debt issues"
1015:
Dyer, Geoff; Anderlini, Jamil; Sender, Henny (17 January 2011).
394:
1865:
1508:
1354:
Advantage China: Agent of Change in an Era of Global Disruption
2538:
1492:
173:
1381:
Kelegama, Saman (2016). "China as a Balancer in South Asia".
517:
The bank has provided more than $ 1 billion in loans to the
353:
443:
system and administers the Two Preferential Loan Program (
510:
In 2023, the Exim Bank has agreed to support Sri Lanka's
1145:. Springer International Publishing. 2018. p. 119.
378:, Exim Bank is one of the primary financing sources for
2208:
Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar Economic Corridor
846:"Brief Introduction - The Export-Import Bank of China"
1167:"Export Finance Activities by the Chinese Government"
256:
1228:"ESR, China Eximbank close US$ 1 billion infra fund"
337:
fields (roads, power plants, oil and gas pipelines,
2528:
2500:
2493:
2472:
2465:
2436:
2373:
2366:
2334:
2296:
2289:
2263:
2256:
2216:
2180:
2173:
2141:
2125:
2079:
2015:
1913:
1899:
1816:
1724:
1671:
1609:
1581:
1567:
250:
243:
238:
218:
204:
195:
168:
158:
113:
99:
81:
71:
61:
51:
816:China International Development Cooperation Agency
2007:China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan International Highway
2002:Uzbekistan-Tajikistan-China International Highway
1465:. The Export Import Bank of China. Archived from
642:There are a total of 21 branches of the bank, in
979:
977:
567:Business Development & Innovation Department
1828:National Administration of Financial Regulation
363:estimates that in 2009 and 2010, Exim Bank and
1997:China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor
579:Planning & Financial Management Department
2584:Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation
1952:Economic corridor in Greater Mekong Subregion
1877:
1520:
460:
454:
444:
224:
210:
8:
2071:International North–South Transport Corridor
1420:"How China Got Sri Lanka to Cough Up a Port"
485:the purpose is to promote Chinese exports.
37:
1957:China-Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor
964:What Drives China's Growing Role in Africa?
32:Export–Import Bank of the Republic of China
2594:Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation
2497:
2469:
2370:
2293:
2260:
2177:
1910:
1884:
1870:
1862:
1527:
1513:
1505:
1497:
1129:Handbook on China and Developing Countries
745:National Development and Reform Commission
235:
183:
43:
36:
1971:New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
2391:China-Eurasian Economic Cooperation Fund
1976:Regional Comprehensive Economic Corridor
986:"U.S. Export Financing Challenges China"
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
757:State Administration of Foreign Exchange
425:State Administration of Foreign Exchange
2396:China-ASEAN Investment Cooperation Fund
2066:China–Mongolia–Russia Economic Corridor
1966:China-Laos-Thailand Railway Cooperation
1385:. Thomas Fingar. Stanford, California:
837:
606:Department of Special Account Financing
2485:Community of shared future for mankind
2306:Agricultural Development Bank of China
2102:Addis Ababa-Djibouti Economic Corridor
1987:Malaysia-China Kuantan Industrial Park
1982:China-Malaysia Qinzhou Industrial Park
956:
954:
540:met in China with Exim Bank president
496:an undisclosed amount of debt relief.
435:Foreign aid and development assistance
382:(BRI) development projects in Africa.
192:
2701:Chinese companies established in 1994
2406:China-CEE Investment Cooperation Fund
633:Party & League Affairs Department
492:, the bank granted the government of
7:
2619:China-Pacific Island Countries Forum
2579:Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Mechanism
2344:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
2271:Internationalization of the renminbi
2133:Agua Negra Pass International Tunnel
996:from the original on 13 January 2017
2604:China-Arab States Cooperation Forum
459:) and preferential buyer's credit (
2033:China-Europe Land-Sea Express Line
1208:from the original on April 9, 2022
1017:"China's lending hits new heights"
25:
2599:Forum on China-Africa Cooperation
2549:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
1027:from the original on 8 March 2016
984:Reddy, Sudeep (12 January 2011).
618:Information Technology Department
591:International Business Department
356:industrialized nations combined.
2686:Development finance institutions
2650:
2649:
2164:
2047:Trans-European Transport Network
1992:Brunei-Guangxi Economic Corridor
1921:China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
1536:
800:
397:and so has an unfair advantage.
2711:Government-owned banks of China
2449:China-Arab states special loans
1935:China-Myanmar Economic Corridor
1440:from the original on 2018-10-16
1418:Abi-Habib, Maria (2018-06-25).
1334:from the original on 2023-01-23
1296:from the original on 2023-01-23
1267:from the original on 2023-01-23
1238:from the original on 2022-12-05
1179:from the original on 2019-08-19
630:Software Development Department
275:The Export–Import Bank of China
196:The Export–Import Bank of China
2148:Transoceanic fiber optic cable
961:Wang, Jian-Ye (October 2007).
278:
257:
225:
211:
1:
2428:China Africa Development Fund
2203:Global Energy Interconnection
2061:China–Belarus Industrial Park
609:Corporate Business Department
573:Shipping Financing Department
570:Corporate Business Department
2401:Russia-China Investment Fund
1961:Laos-China Economic Corridor
612:Concessional Loan Department
603:Economic Research Department
30:Not to be confused with the
2531:(2019 Leading Group report)
2097:Port Sudan-Ethiopia Railway
1711:Shanghai Pudong Development
1559:History of banking in China
826:History of Banking in China
87:; 30 years ago
38:Export–Import Bank of China
2732:
2706:Companies based in Beijing
2564:Caribbean Development Bank
2411:China-LAC Cooperation Fund
1846:List of banks in Hong Kong
1450:time, leaked to WikiLeaks.
1075:Liu, Zongyuan Zoe (2023).
594:Risk Management Department
564:Human Resources Department
453:). The concessional loan (
439:The bank is a part of the
258:Zhōngguó Jìnchūkǒu Yínháng
29:
27:Strategic state-owned bank
2676:Banks established in 1994
2645:
2559:Asia Cooperation Dialogue
2234:China-UAE Industrial Zone
2229:Sino-Oman Industrial Park
2162:
2038:Baku–Tbilisi–Kars railway
1940:Eastern Economic Corridor
1836:
1653:Industrial and Commercial
1549:
1387:Stanford University Press
1052:Stanford University Press
768:Tong Zhiguang (1994-1998)
763:Highest-ranking officials
597:Administrative Department
507:infrastructure projects.
461:
455:
445:
414:foreign exchange reserves
268:
234:
200:
42:
2589:Greater Tumen Initiative
2354:SCO Interbank Consortium
2087:Suez Canal Economic Zone
2042:Alyat Free Economic Zone
2023:New Eurasian Land Bridge
1893:Belt and Road Initiative
1591:Agricultural Development
1352:Garlick, Jeremy (2024).
1202:South China Morning Post
1081:Harvard University Press
1050:. Stanford, California:
927:Cornell University Press
588:Legal Affairs Department
551:Organizational structure
412:In 2015, China used its
405:Exim Bank implemented a
380:Belt and Road Initiative
220:Traditional Chinese
2529:Multilateral mechanisms
1946:Two Corridors, One Belt
1926:Trans-Himalayan Network
1906:(2019 Joint Communique)
1172:. European Parliament.
1079:. The Belknap Press of
789:Wu Fulin (2022-present)
475:construction contractor
387:U.S. Export–Import Bank
371:over a similar period.
206:Simplified Chinese
2696:Foreign trade of China
2681:Export credit agencies
2311:China Development Bank
1851:List of banks in Macau
1841:List of banks in China
774:Yang Zilin (1999-2005)
771:Zhou Keren (1998-1999)
419:Exim Bank is entirely
374:Along the CDB and the
365:China Development Bank
319:China Development Bank
141:Deputy Party Secretary
2244:Lekki Free Trade Zone
1046:Murphy, Dawn (2022).
925:. Ithaca and London:
921:Chen, Muyang (2024).
624:Accounting Department
621:Compliance Department
582:Evaluation Department
431:is a minority owner.
2624:World Economic Forum
2386:Green Silk Road Fund
2349:New Development Bank
1808:Xiamen International
1131:. 2015. p. 207.
970:. IMF Working Paper.
753:Ministry of Commerce
576:Onlending Department
556:Internal Departments
2691:Chinese foreign aid
2629:Boao Forum for Asia
2554:Asia-Europe Meeting
2502:Belt and Road Forum
1930:China–Nepal Railway
1463:"Business Branches"
1358:Bloomsbury Academic
990:Wall Street Journal
749:Ministry of Finance
615:Treasury Department
585:Auditing Department
538:Mangala Samaraweera
441:Chinese foreign aid
429:Ministry of Finance
289:of China under the
39:
2574:ASEAN-China (10+1)
2092:Cape to Cairo Road
1425:The New York Times
1314:PTI (2023-01-22).
1204:. March 11, 2022.
1089:10.2307/jj.2915805
945:10.7591/jj.6230186
738:Board of Directors
600:Supervision Office
512:debt restructuring
347:concessional loans
343:concessional loans
163:Financial services
34:located in Taipei.
2663:
2662:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2614:China-CEEC (14+1)
2609:China-CELAC Forum
2461:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2421:China-Brazil Fund
2362:
2361:
2252:
2251:
2198:Digital Silk Road
2174:Linked to the BRI
2160:
2159:
2107:Northern Corridor
1907:
1859:
1858:
1396:978-0-8047-9764-1
1367:978-1-350-25231-8
1152:978-3-319-78017-7
1061:978-1-5036-3009-3
638:Mainland branches
503:and to invest in
409:auction in 1999.
389:through Chairman
327:economic policies
272:
271:
264:
263:
245:Standard Mandarin
191:
190:
16:(Redirected from
2723:
2653:
2652:
2498:
2470:
2371:
2294:
2261:
2178:
2168:
1911:
1905:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1863:
1554:Banking in China
1543:Banking in China
1541:
1540:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1493:Official website
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1178:
1171:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
981:
972:
971:
969:
958:
949:
948:
918:
861:
860:
858:
857:
848:. Archived from
842:
821:Banking in China
810:
805:
804:
803:
561:Executive Office
464:
463:
458:
457:
448:
447:
280:
260:
259:
236:
230:
229:
228:
214:
213:
193:
187:
182:
179:
177:
175:
95:
93:
88:
47:
40:
21:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2716:1994 in Beijing
2666:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2633:
2532:
2530:
2524:
2489:
2453:
2432:
2358:
2330:
2316:China Exim Bank
2285:
2248:
2212:
2193:Space Silk Road
2169:
2156:
2152:Polar Silk Road
2137:
2121:
2075:
2028:Port of Piraeus
2011:
1904:
1895:
1890:
1860:
1855:
1832:
1819:
1812:
1728:
1720:
1673:
1667:
1613:
1605:
1577:
1563:
1545:
1535:
1533:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1482:
1481:
1472:
1470:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1443:
1441:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1397:
1389:. p. 207.
1380:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1337:
1335:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1299:
1297:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1270:
1268:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1241:
1239:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1211:
1209:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1099:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1030:
1028:
1021:Financial Times
1014:
1013:
1009:
999:
997:
983:
982:
975:
967:
960:
959:
952:
937:
920:
919:
864:
855:
853:
844:
843:
839:
834:
806:
801:
799:
796:
765:
740:
640:
558:
553:
531:Hambantota Port
527:
437:
403:
360:Financial Times
315:
226:
172:
154:
131:Party Secretary
116:
91:
89:
86:
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:China Exim Bank
15:
12:
11:
5:
2729:
2727:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2668:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2535:
2533:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2467:
2463:
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1471:. Retrieved
1467:the original
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1232:theasset.com
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100:Headquarters
62:Company type
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1978:(Indonesia)
1596:Development
1583:Policy bank
1290:EconomyNext
786:(2015-2022)
780:(2005-2015)
488:During the
421:state-owned
307:foreign aid
287:policy bank
123:Hu Xiaolian
53:Native name
2670:Categories
1942:(Thailand)
1818:Regulatory
1730:commercial
1696:Industrial
1674:commercial
1672:Nationwide
1648:Everbright
1615:commercial
1473:2013-03-25
1444:2022-02-23
1338:2023-01-23
1300:2023-01-23
1271:2023-01-23
1242:2022-12-05
1183:2019-12-01
1107:jj.2915805
1031:11 January
1000:11 January
856:2017-04-01
832:References
784:Hu Xiaolin
755:, and the
427:) and the
369:World Bank
127:Chairwoman
115:Key people
2466:Political
2367:Platforms
2257:Financial
2224:Hulhumalé
2181:Corridors
1948:(Vietnam)
1798:Shengjing
1658:Merchants
1434:0362-4331
1405:939553543
1328:0971-751X
1320:The Hindu
1115:259402050
668:Guangdong
656:Chongqing
525:Sri Lanka
501:ESR Group
283:Exim Bank
176:.eximbank
149:President
2655:Category
2494:Dialogue
2321:Sinosure
2264:Concepts
2217:Projects
2126:Americas
1902:projects
1783:Shanghai
1748:Hangzhou
1716:Zheshang
1701:Minsheng
1438:Archived
1332:Archived
1294:Archived
1265:Archived
1236:Archived
1212:April 9,
1206:Archived
1174:Archived
1025:Archived
994:Archived
794:See also
778:Li Ruogu
732:Zhejiang
724:Xinjiang
708:Shenzhen
700:Shanghai
542:Li Ruogu
519:Maldives
479:renminbi
451:liangyou
323:Sinosure
295:industry
159:Products
137:Wu Fulin
72:Industry
2290:Banking
2112:LAPSSET
2052:TRACECA
2016:Eurasia
1793:Tianjin
1788:Taizhou
1778:Qingdao
1768:Nanjing
1758:Jiangsu
1738:Beijing
1706:Ping An
1686:Guangfa
712:Tianjin
696:Qingdao
688:Nanjing
684:Jiangsu
652:Chengdu
648:Beijing
339:telecom
313:Mission
303:economy
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279:中国进出口银行
227:中國進出口銀行
212:中国进出口银行
169:Website
104:Beijing
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76:Banking
57:中国进出口银行
2473:Policy
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2117:VICMED
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1753:Harbin
1743:Dalian
1691:Huaxia
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664:Fujian
660:Dalian
494:Angola
462:优惠买方信贷
446:两优贷款业务
305:, and
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2374:Funds
2142:Theme
1803:Taian
1763:Jilin
1726:Urban
1681:Bohai
1633:China
1628:CITIC
1177:(PDF)
1170:(PDF)
1111:S2CID
1103:JSTOR
968:(PDF)
941:JSTOR
720:Xi'an
680:Hunan
676:Hubei
644:Anhui
505:ASEAN
108:China
2544:APEC
2520:2023
2515:2019
2510:2017
2056:TITR
1914:Asia
1430:ISSN
1401:OCLC
1391:ISBN
1362:ISBN
1324:ISSN
1214:2022
1147:ISBN
1093:ISBN
1056:ISBN
1033:2017
1002:2017
931:ISBN
456:优惠贷款
407:bond
395:OECD
358:The
321:and
178:.gov
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