132:
denotes how strongly an earthquake affects a specific place. It is determined by a combination of subjective evaluations (such as human senses and building damage) and objective kinetic measures. Building damage are further refined with a combination of descriptive qualifiers and a numeric
723:
267:
Noise from vibration of doors, windows, and building frames; falling of dusts, small cracks in plasters, falling of some roof tiles, bricks falling from a few roof-top chimneys
758:
615:"Code for seismic design of buildings (GB 500011-2001) (partially revised in 2008), Appendix A ( 《建筑抗震设计规范》（GB 500011－2001） （2008 年局部修订） 附录 A 我国主要城镇抗震设防烈度、设计基本地震加速度和设计地震分组)"
635:
578:
481:
existing and future buildings. The national standard Code for
Seismic Design of Buildings (GB 500011-2001) published in 2001 and partially revised shortly after the
326:
Collapse of river banks; frequent burst of sand and water from saturated sand layers; many cracks in soft soils; moderate destruction of most standalone chimneys
655:
Earthquake
Engineering Frontiers in the New Millennium: Proceedings of the China-US Millennium Symposium on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, 8–11 November 2000
353:
Cracks appear in hard dry soils; severe destruction of most standalone chimneys; tree tops break; death of people and cattle caused by building destruction
411:
Cracks in bedrock and earthquake fractures; destruction of bridge arches founded in bedrock; foundation damage or collapse of most standalone chimneys
876:
820:
743:
693:
382:
Many cracks in hard dry soils; possible cracks and dislocations in bedrock; frequent landslides and collapses; collapse of many standalone chimneys
728:
662:
592:
753:
552:
CHEN Dasheng, SHI Zhenliang, XU Zonghe, GAO Guangyi, NiAN Jiaquan, XIAO Chengye, FENG Yijun (陈达生、时振梁、徐宗和、高光伊、鄢家全、肖承邺、冯义钧) (1999-04-26).
299:
Cracks in river banks and soft soil; occasional burst of sand and water from saturated sand layers; cracks on some standalone chimneys
861:
830:
825:
748:
469:
Notes about qualifiers: "very few" - <10%; "few" - 10% - 50%; "most" - 50% - 70%; "majority" - 70% - 90%; "commonly" - >90%.
871:
80:
779:
553:
39:
686:
881:
733:
47:
866:
556:(in Chinese). General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine of P.R.C. Archived from
320:
Slight destruction - localized destruction, crack, may continue to be used with small repairs or without repair
702:
536:
499:
494:
174:
43:
679:
482:
110:
794:
789:
478:
102:
840:
93:
317:
Majority scared to running outdoors, sensible by bicycle riders and people in moving motor vehicles
774:
504:
835:
293:
Damage - Cracks in the walls, falling of roof tiles, some roof-top chimneys crack or fall apart
264:
Commonly sensible by people indoors, sensible by most people outdoors; most wake up from sleep
658:
629:
572:
50:
on which CSIS drew reference, seismic impacts are classified into 12 degrees of intensity, or
17:
376:
Severe destruction - severe structural destruction, localized collapse, difficult to repair
55:
402:
Bicycle riders may fall; people in unstable state may fall away; sense of being thrown up
485:
includes a list of liedu that each building in designated cities is expected to resist.
524:
73:
347:
Moderate destruction - structural destruction occurs, continued usage requires repair
855:
784:
125:
799:
103:
General
Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine of P.R.C.
617:. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of PRC (MOHURD, 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部)
614:
244:
Sensible by most people indoors, a few people outdoors; a few wake up from sleep
136:
The following is an unofficial translation of the
Appendix I of GB/T 17742-1999.
557:
528:
671:
439:
Earthquake fractures extend a long way; many bedrock cracks and landslides
101:
by then
National Quality and Technology Supervision Administration (now
593:"Revision of "China Seismic Intensity Scale" started (《中国地震烈度表》修订工作启动)"
532:
63:
595:(in Chinese). China Earthquake Administration (中国地震局). 1999-04-26
109:) in 1999. The standard was set for revision not long before the
91:". It was later revised, and adopted as a national standard, or
87:) in 1980, therefore often referred to by its original title as "
675:
290:
Most unable to stand stably, a few scared to running outdoors
477:
Historic local seismic liedu is an important reference in
128:
that objectively estimate the released seismic energy,
724:
Central
Weather Administration seismic intensity scale
613:
XU Zhengzhong, WANG Yayong, et al. (徐正忠、王亚勇等) (2001).
76:
from I for insensible to XII for landscape reshaping.
813:
767:
716:
709:
459:Drastic change in landscape, mountains, and rivers
252:Obvious swing of suspended objects; vessels rattle
547:
545:
687:
8:
634:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
577:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
729:Environmental Seismic Intensity scale (ESI)
535:each use a different intensity scale. See
754:PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS)
713:
694:
680:
672:
79:The scale was initially formalized by the
554:"China Seismic Intensity Scale (中国地震烈度表)"
206:Sensible by very few still indoor people
272:Rocking or flipping of unstable objects
138:
516:
627:
570:
224:Sensible by a few still indoor people
72:, literally "degrees of violence") in
7:
344:Most swing about, difficult to walk
89:China Seismic Intensity Scale (1980)
227:Slight rattle of doors and windows
232:Slight swing of suspended objects
25:
734:European Macroseismic Scale (EMS)
653:Spencer, B.F.; Hu, Y. X. (2001).
523:Effectively this only applies to
163:Horizontal motion on the ground
38:) is a national standard in the
877:Science and technology in China
785:Local magnitude (Richter scale)
744:Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik (MSK)
154:Senses by people on the ground
81:China Earthquake Administration
826:Mercalli–Cancani–Sieberg (MCS)
68:
1:
32:China seismic intensity scale
18:China Seismic Intensity Scale
456:
435:
418:
413:
407:
389:
384:
378:
360:
355:
349:
333:
328:
322:
306:
301:
295:
279:
274:
247:Rattle of doors and windows
898:
831:Mercalli–Wood–Neuman (MWN)
157:Degree of building damage
40:People's Republic of China
27:Earthquake intensity scale
162:
159:
156:
153:
147:
59:
862:Seismic intensity scales
703:Seismic magnitude scales
657:. Taylor & Francis.
537:Seismic intensity scales
500:Seismic magnitude scales
495:Seismic intensity scales
483:2008 Sichuan earthquake
111:2008 Sichuan earthquake
872:Earthquake engineering
795:Surface-wave magnitude
749:Modified Mercalli (MM)
511:Notes and references
433:Widespread collapse
133:evaluation process.
775:Body-wave magnitude
505:Seismic engineering
373:Moving people fall
144:
882:1999 introductions
780:Duration magnitude
171:Mean damage index
139:
867:Guobiao standards
849:
848:
814:Historical scales
809:
808:
759:Shindo (Japanese)
664:978-90-265-1852-2
539:for more details.
467:
466:
175:Peak acceleration
44:seismic intensity
16:(Redirected from
889:
790:Moment magnitude
768:Magnitude scales
717:Intensity scales
714:
696:
689:
682:
673:
668:
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625:
623:
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610:
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603:
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589:
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568:
566:
565:
549:
540:
521:
450:
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399:
370:
145:
126:magnitude scales
70:
61:
42:used to measure
21:
897:
896:
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890:
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852:
851:
850:
845:
805:
763:
705:
700:
665:
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569:
563:
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550:
543:
522:
518:
513:
491:
475:
448:
426:
420:
416:(7.08 - 14.14)
415:
397:
391:
386:
368:
362:
357:
335:
330:
308:
303:
281:
276:
180:Peak speed m/s
122:
99:GB/T 17742-1999
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
895:
893:
885:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
854:
853:
847:
846:
844:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
817:
815:
811:
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807:
806:
804:
803:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
771:
769:
765:
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762:
761:
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751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
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718:
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707:
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691:
684:
676:
670:
669:
663:
648:
647:External links
645:
642:
641:
605:
584:
541:
525:mainland China
515:
514:
512:
509:
508:
507:
502:
497:
490:
487:
479:quake proofing
474:
471:
465:
464:
462:
460:
457:
455:
453:
451:
445:
444:
442:
440:
437:
434:
431:
429:
423:
422:
421:(0.72 - 1.41)
417:
412:
409:
406:
405:Most collapse
403:
400:
394:
393:
392:(0.36 - 0.71)
388:
387:(3.54 - 7.07)
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
365:
364:
363:(0.19 - 0.35)
359:
358:(1.78 - 3.53)
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
338:
337:
336:(0.10 - 0.18)
332:
331:(0.90 - 1.77)
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
311:
310:
309:(0.05 - 0.09)
305:
304:(0.45 - 0.89)
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
284:
283:
282:(0.02 - 0.04)
278:
277:(0.22 - 0.44)
273:
270:
268:
265:
262:
258:
257:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
242:
238:
237:
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182:
181:
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172:
169:
165:
164:
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158:
155:
152:
121:
115:
74:Roman numerals
46:. Similar to
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
894:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
859:
857:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
818:
816:
812:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
772:
770:
766:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
721:
719:
715:
712:
710:Modern scales
708:
704:
697:
692:
690:
685:
683:
678:
677:
674:
666:
660:
656:
651:
650:
646:
637:
631:
616:
609:
606:
594:
588:
585:
580:
574:
560:on 2008-10-29
559:
555:
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510:
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503:
501:
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492:
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463:
461:
458:
454:
452:
447:
446:
443:
441:
438:
432:
430:
425:
424:
410:
404:
401:
396:
395:
381:
375:
372:
367:
366:
352:
346:
343:
340:
339:
325:
319:
316:
313:
312:
298:
292:
289:
286:
285:
271:
269:
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260:
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256:
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251:
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243:
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208:
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202:
201:
198:
196:
194:
192:
190:
187:
184:
183:
179:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
160:Other damage
150:
146:
142:
137:
134:
131:
127:
119:
116:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
82:
77:
75:
71:
65:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
800:Energy class
738:
654:
619:. Retrieved
608:
597:. Retrieved
587:
562:. Retrieved
558:the original
519:
476:
473:Applications
468:
436:0.91 - 1.00
408:0.71 - 0.90
379:0.51 - 0.70
350:0.31 - 0.50
323:0.11 - 0.30
151:(Intensity)
148:
140:
135:
129:
123:
117:
106:
98:
92:
88:
84:
78:
67:
51:
35:
31:
29:
841:Rossi–Forel
188:Insensible
124:Unlike the
856:Categories
621:2008-09-15
599:2008-09-12
564:2008-09-12
802:(K-class)
529:Hong Kong
296:0 - 0.10
97:, series
630:cite web
573:cite web
489:See also
821:GEOFIAN
739:Chinese
168:Damage
94:Guobiao
56:Chinese
661:
533:Taiwan
143:scale
66::
64:pinyin
58::
48:EMS-92
836:Omori
414:10.00
341:VIII
149:Liedu
141:Liedu
130:liedu
120:scale
118:Liedu
107:AQSIQ
69:lièdù
52:liedu
659:ISBN
636:link
579:link
531:and
419:1.00
390:0.50
385:5.00
361:0.25
356:2.50
334:0.13
329:1.25
314:VII
307:0.06
302:0.63
280:0.03
275:0.31
221:III
177:m/s
36:CSIS
30:The
527:.
449:XII
287:VI
241:IV
203:II
85:CEA
858::
632:}}
628:{{
575:}}
571:{{
544:^
427:XI
369:IX
261:V
185:I
113:.
105:,
62:;
60:烈度
695:e
688:t
681:v
667:.
638:)
624:.
602:.
581:)
567:.
398:X
83:(
54:(
34:(
20:)
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