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the center and said the removal of the
Chinese elements would hurt its business, noting that business had already declined 30 to 50% after the garden area was fenced off. The company argued that the CC&Rs prohibited such alteration if it interfered with the "rights of any non-consenting owners in the use of their units". Elizabeth Mann testified that the CC&Rs were written to "ensure the center's Chinese elements would always remain" and the restaurant's lawyer said the roof acted as a "giant sign" for the restaurant. The judge acknowledged that the roof may have helped the restaurant attract business, but its removal did not interfere with the restaurant's use of its space and thus did not violate the CC&Rs. The construction ban was lifted in early December. In late December, construction was again halted when the restaurant appealed. In February 2018, the
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significance. The council decision did not prevent the developer from moving forward. The citizen's petition, which had accumulated 16,000 signatures by the meeting, required a formal response from the city according to the city charter. The petition asked the council to "ensure long-term preservation" of the center. The petition did allow the issue to get before the council without going through the normal historic-preservation process. The council could not have approved the measure (granting a historic designation) without violating a state law requiring consent of the property owner. Furthermore, officials of the City of
Phoenix Historic Preservation Office said that sites must be at least 50 years old or be "exceptionally important" to receive a historic designation.
340:, and make Chinese business people feel more at home and welcome in Phoenix, thus helping Phoenix attract more foreign investment. The center opened in 1998 with visual elements imported from China and installed by Chinese craftsmen. It struggled with low occupancy, suffered further during the recession of the mid-2000s, and never recovered. In 2017, a new owner announced the property would be repurposed as a modern office building and the distinctive Chinese roof would be removed. This led to a sustained multi-year effort by the Chinese-American community to block the redevelopment and preserve the center as it was built. Despite demonstrations, petitions, lobbying, and several lawsuits, the new owner ultimately prevailed and all Chinese elements were gone by 2022.
548:. The chain, owned by TAWA, said the market would include live fish, and unique Asian fruit and vegetables and other items. It was the first tenant of the center to open in December, 1997. The store opened with 20,000 non-perishable items, 70% of which were imported, a fast-food buffet, a Taiwanese deli, and a Chinese bakery. The Asian produce was either imported or grown in California. Live seafood included catfish, lobster, crabs, and mussels. Many kinds of fresh fish were available. The store manager reported just after opening that its novelty made it a popular destination of school
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795:, a 2018 Phoenix mayoral candidate who had "accepted $ 75,000 in campaign donations from the owners of and their spouses." Yeung was quoted in the media as saying "Why would David Tedesco take on the Chinese community when he can acquire property elsewhere?" Others had often noted that True North could go into any office building, while there was only one irreplaceable Chinese Cultural Center. Tedesco's response was that the $ 10.5 million he paid for the center was "extremely inexpensive".
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construction permit allowing destruction of the "Chinese roof". The religious discrimination suit was filed in
Federal court and alleged converting the center to corporate offices was "desecration of a house of worship". Another restaurant sued over the way its lease was terminated, the supermarket sued for defamation, and True North sued the supermarket owner for defamation, which was rebuffed as a prohibited
380:, restaurants, an outdoor Chinese market, along with office and retail space. Further plans called for the addition of a mid-size hotel and two 200,000 sq ft (19,000 m) 11-story office towers. The developer suggested the restaurants and stores with Chinese products would attract local residents as well as tourists, and that the center could be a venue for cultural activities such as
653:, an all-you-can-eat sushi buffet, was open in 2000. A bank geared toward the Asian-American community, the Asian Bank of Arizona, was added to the center in 2005. The other two-thirds of the site was developed and contained a surgical center and townhouses that did not carry any Chinese motif and thus were never considered part of the center. The hotel and office towers were not built.
434:. To represent 5,000 years of Chinese cultural history, the "Chinese elements" were built with authentic materials and craftsmanship. Special visas were obtained for thirty master Chinese craftsmen, descendants of Forbidden City artisans, to come to Phoenix. They hand-tiled the roof with traditional methods, using one million "handcrafted" green and gold tiles made from special
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788:, who initially supported the preservationists, said Simon's unprofessionalism caused him to withdraw his assistance. Gordon said Simon was the primary reason the dispute was not settled out of court through amicable negotiations. However, a lawyer for the Chinese community said the Simon issue was just a diversion orchestrated by True North.
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legal efforts. True North said in 2017, after evicting Super L, that some of the smaller tenants would be able to stay in a much improved property. By mid-August, almost 4,000 people signed a petition asking that the center be preserved and a protest attracted 250. Hundreds returned for weekly protests on the weekends.
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Other businesses failed to reach agreements with True North to stay at the center. Beijing Garden, a restaurant, refused to leave after its lease expired. The restaurant said its attempts to extend or renew a lease were ignored. True North said it was ignored by the restaurant's owner and it resorted
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noted that he supported the center, but had to be careful to "not promote their government". Others said that although the building showed
Chinese architecture, beyond that and the gardens, "you don't see much Chinese culture there". Wong commented that the center planned to host Chinese artists and
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The
Chinese United Association of Greater Phoenix had hired Tom Simon as its spokesperson. He had attended the first organized protest and "claimed to have media and political connections". He regularly represented the group at Phoenix City Council meetings with an aggressive style. When news of his
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Superior Court judge issued a temporary restraining order prohibiting removal of the tile roofing and the garden statues for five weeks. It was lifted at the end of
November. This case had been brought by a minority owner of the center, the operator of the Szechwan Palace restaurant who owned 5% of
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Ultimately, the owner prevailed and eventually evicted the last tenants. The roof tiles were too deteriorated to save, and the gardens were leveled. The only elements kept were approximately two dozen stone carvings of classical
Chinese guardian figures. Some were supposedly made from a stone that
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Opposition was led by the
Chinese United Association of Greater Phoenix, which represented nearly 20 different entities opposed to the redevelopment. The group attempted to explain the significance of the center to the Asian community, obtain a historic designation from the city, and pursued other
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Area
Chinese-Americans said at the time that the center would "fulfill a longtime dream of their community, providing a place where they can meet and where other can come to learn more about China and its heritage." The developer also saw an opportunity to attract more Asian companies to Phoenix.
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In
December 2018, Chinese-American community members claimed that had the "money and resources to purchase the center" and were willing to buy the center for $ 18 million. The owner reportedly said the offer was a year too late and the property was not for sale and that they had never received a
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The three-story center had approximately 78,000 sq ft (7,200 m) of office space on the upper two floors that could be leased or purchased. The ground floor had restaurants and other retail space. Although developed as a Chinese-themed center, there were also Korean, Japanese, and
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agreed to review the appeal, thus extending it further. This was one of six lawsuits filed trying to stop evictions and force preservation of the center. The owners of the Szechwan Palace filed one suit against the city claiming that the city itself violated zoning ordinances by issuing the
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In a September 2017 Phoenix City Council meeting, nearly 200 citizens, many Chinese-American, attended to seek historic designation for the center. The council voted unanimously to consider the issue further if the preservation proponents produced an analysis of the property's historical
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who used the garden for prayer and meditation. The group's lawyer claimed that the practitioners of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism were discriminated against and would have been treated differently, had they "been members of more prominent religions such as Christianity or Judaism".
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Initially, True North offered several concessions including maintaining the garden area and keeping it open to the public during business hours, relocating statues and signs, spare roof tiles and other unique elements to another location, preservation of the Welcome Gate, and providing
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master. The first phase was a 160,000 sq ft (15,000 m) development on 8.6 acres (3.5 ha) of the site including office space, restaurants, stores, a Chinese supermarket. Non-commercial space included an area with formal Chinese gardens and pagodas.
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also said the center was promoting culture and not government. The center was the host location of the annual Phoenix "Chinese Week" in 1999, but the opening ceremony was held at Phoenix City Hall due to concerns of Taiwanese participants. State representative
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in downtown Phoenix) after 2012. COFCO decided to sell and stated to prospective buyers that the center had been "largely abandoned by the Chinese community and that no restrictions of any kind were being placed on the site which would impede redevelopment".
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As the center was owned by the communist government of China, it was not universally supported. A spokesperson downplayed political association, saying the center "signifies the culture of all the Chinese people". The director of the center, Chinese-born
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The property was sold by COFCO in June 2017 for $ 10.5 million to a private-equity company who planned to redevelop it for other uses, removing the elements of Chinese architecture and remodeling the property into a modern looking office building.
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Preservationists and some members of the Chinese community fought to have the building and grounds kept intact, and the owner offered to keep the gardens in place. Lawyers for True North noted that the owner's property rights were protected by
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Elizabeth Mann, who was heavily involved in the original development of the center and ran it for its first decade, left BNU in 2008 and was a leader of the redevelopment opposition. Her group frequently protested at the site for over a year.
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could no longer be exported from its source province in China. As of January, 2020, the statues were in storage. The center was renamed the Outlier Center reflecting its use as an office building for the global headquarters of the new owner.
631:. Center management said they were not involved in this as the festival was administered by an independent Chinese organization. The Falun Gong group was told they would be welcomed the following year because the guests would be from
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Despite being a 5% owner of the center and having the strongest lawsuit blocking the makeover, Szechwan Palace closed in December 2018 after 19 years at the center, announcing that it would relocate the business.
680:. The center had struggled with occupancy for years and by 2017, the occupancy rate was 26% and only 6% of those were Chinese-related businesses. The annual Chinese New Year festival switched to another venue (
722:, requiring property owners to be compensated for loss of value caused by any government restriction of property rights, which was passed by a wide margin in the aftermath of 2005 US Supreme Court decision in
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criminal background surfaced, Yeung raised concerns. Simon was accused of sexually harassing a Chinese-American woman and arrested, which cost him his job as spokesman in July. Former Phoenix mayor
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702:, did not have a long-term lease and was given thirty days, extended once, to vacate by True North. Super L rushed to relocate and moved several miles away to a smaller location in south
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being built across the state in the late 1870s. The area was taken over by white businessmen by 1895. A second Chinatown existed in the early 20th century but also dissolved, with the
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799:"serious and credible offer" earlier when they were willing to sell. The company continued interior demolition and remodeling while the injunction prevented work on the exterior.
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The new owner, True North (later Outlier) had budgeted $ 10 million to remodel the property as its own corporate headquarters, housing approximately 350 of its 12,500 employees.
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and the country's largest food processor, manufacturer and trader. Although the center was developed as a for-profit investment by its owners, it was portrayed as a "
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practitioners were asked to leave the center during the Chinese Week festival because it was "awkward and disrespectful" to the "honored guests and performers" from
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said he was organizing a purchase plan by Chinese community members in May 2018. True North's owner, David Tedesco, said he would be willing to entertain an offer.
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and statues. The gardens represented five different southern Chinese cities, covered 35,000 sq ft (3,300 m) and cost $ 1 million. It was designed by
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and landscaping, its concentration of Chinese-related businesses, and its use as a venue for celebrating Chinese holidays would attract both tourists and local
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By September 2018, the number of legal challenges had grown to ten. The community took the protest to social media and held an in-person protest against
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All the carved-wood elements in the garden were assembled with the traditional interlocking method used for a thousand years. There were no fasteners.
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that had grown from a small ceremony for a few dozen into and event attended by several thousand by 2008, with a stage and continuous entertainment.
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Phoenix had a Chinatown in the 1870s populated mostly by Chinese who had emigrated the US to work on construction of railroads, especially the
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had around 100,000 people of Asian descent at the time, yet was one of the largest cities in the county without a Chinese cultural center or a
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A legal battle ensued. A request to a federal judge to prohibit changes to the center's "religious elements" was denied. In September, a
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store, without room for the bakery, live seafood, or fresh meat department. It was unprofitable at the new location and closed in 2019.
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1765:"New Owner of Former Chinese Cultural Center Property In Phoenix Proposes Options To Preserve Heritage & Protect Property Rights"
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has developed with, as of March 2022, over 70 Asian-themed restaurants, grocery stores, and other businesses on Dobson Road.
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The developer announced in August 1997 that the anchor tenant, the center's Asian supermarket, would be the 21st location of
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446:". The yellow-glazed (gold) color is the color or royalty and was previously reserved only for roofs in the Forbidden City.
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Taiwanese restaurants. The developer wanted the center "to be known as the place to go if you are looking for Asian food".
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The original plans were announced in spring 1996, for a "Chinese Arizona Center" developed by Chinese-government owned
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954:"Trade Intelligence,Gain valuable business insights from our searchable database of thousands of articles and reports"
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The center was structurally of modern construction with a steel frame, but designed with many traditional elements of
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On September 13, 2017, access to the gardens was restricted by fencing, leading to claims of religious prejudice by
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The project budget was $ 90 million, with $ 35 million allocated to the main building. The developer noted that the
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statues (mythical creatures) hand-carved from granite quarried in China from the source of granite used during the
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364:'s subsidiary BNU Corp. The project, to be built on 26 acres (11 ha) of vacant land on 44th street, between
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celebrations. The project required that the zoning classification of the property of the land be changed by the
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The only property in Phoenix that was less than 50 years old when it received an historic designation is the
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to legal "self-help" eviction methods such as cutting off utilities to force the restaurant to leave.
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The architect was Cornoyer-Hedrick, a Phoenix firm, and the general contractor was Kitchell Corp. The
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2084:"This Is a Hate Crime: Battle Heats Up Between Activists and Developers at Chinese Cultural Center"
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A groundbreaking ceremony was held in November 1996, complete with balloons, dancing dragons and a
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The center was formally opened a year after the supermarket, in December 1998 with fireworks and
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America's Changing Neighborhoods: An Exploration of Diversity through Places [3 volumes]
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in New York and included Chinese plants, pagodas, Classical Chinese statues, fountains and
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Other features included a 30-foot (9.1 m) tall replica of the Lingxing Gate at the
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8,000 sq ft (740 m) of space for non-profit use for up to three years.
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The supermarket, which was renamed to Super L Ranch Market when it changed ownership
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performers, but it was primarily a Chinese-themed for-profit commercial investment.
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2374:"Why True North isn't quite ready to renovate Chinese Cultural Center roof"
585:. Li said the project signified closer relations between China and the US.
1219:"Bring China to Phoenix Development aim to join East, West, breaks ground"
1178:"Bring China to Phoenix Development aim to join East, West, breaks ground"
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516:
479:
267:
356:. showing the typical Chinese elements used throughout the center (2017)
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1795:"Phoenix Chinese community shocked by sale of cultural center property"
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1862:"Patriot Movement AZ supports preservation of Chinese Cultural Center"
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676:, and Lao Ching Hing Shanghai, closed in 2012, unable to survive the
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875:. Since the closure of the Chinese Cultural Center, an area in west
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2298:"Chinese Cultural Center saga: A rundown on its many legal twists"
770:
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454:
453:
361:
348:
347:
317:
119:
26:
2409:"One year later, Phoenix Chinese Cultural Center fight rages on"
2581:
316:. It was developed in 1997 by BNU Corporation, a subsidiary of
430:. The main building was topped by a Chinese roof adorned with
2577:
819:
The southeast corner in 2022, location of the Chinese gardens
2497:
2188:"Changes to Phoenix Chinese Cultural Center blocked for now"
1308:"East Valley group offers $ 18M cash to save Chinese center"
1417:"Chinese supershopping Grocery inaugurates cultural center"
903:'s 24-Day Fast for Justice took place in 1972 during the
458:
Entrance to the gardens lined with Chinese statues (2017)
272:
1929:"City votes to study history of Chinese Cultural Center"
1967:"City votes to study history of Chines Cultural Center"
672:
Two of its restaurants, Golden Buddha, specializing in
577:, Chinese ambassador to the United States, US Senator
251:
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3369:
3177:
2817:
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2046:"Why Chinese Cultural Center supporters claim bias"
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40:
2461:"Szechwan Palace closes at Chines Cultural Center"
2435:"Help us save the Phoenix Chinese Cultural Center"
1822:Totiyapungprasert, Priscilla (November 14, 2019).
1771:. Arizona Progress & Gazette. 7 September 2017
1339:"This remains from city's Chinese Cultural Center"
2151:"Chinese Cultural Center construction ban lifted"
2110:"Order issued protecting Chinese center elements"
1607:"Harvest Moon gains popularity at Chinese Center"
2253:"Court block remodel of Chinese Cultural Center"
2215:"Supporters of Chinese facility get a reprieve"
1721:"Financial woes fell 2 Chinese-center eateries"
418:of the steel framework occurred in June, 1997.
1531:"Center signals closer ties, China envoy says"
1058:"Enthusiasm high for 'Chinese Arizona Center'"
1056:Fiscus, Chris; Steckner, Susie (May 4, 1996).
972:"Enthusiasm high for 'Chinese Arizona Center'"
970:Fiscus, Chris; Steckner, Susie (May 4, 1996).
843:Street sign in 2022 still showing "COFCO" name
16:Defunct cultural center in Arizona (1998–2018)
2593:
2005:"How 1 person can force vote of City Council"
332:area. The developers thought the traditional
213:
199:
8:
3582:Buildings and structures in Phoenix, Arizona
438:, the same material and methods used in the
19:
1824:"Super L Ranch Market closes in Scottsdale"
1683:"Bank to serve Valley Asians gets approval"
3505:
3496:
3375:
3183:
2823:
2752:
2681:
2672:
2621:
2600:
2586:
2578:
376:urban village. It was to include a formal
230:
18:
312:, was a Chinese-themed retail complex in
3592:Tourist attractions in Phoenix, Arizona
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2400:
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2285:
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1884:
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1817:
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1332:
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1099:"Asian center planned for east Phoenix"
945:
888:
809:
253:Fènghuángchéng Zhōngguó Wénhuà Zhōngxīn
158:160,000 sq ft (15,000 m)
2108:Polletta, Maria (September 29, 2017).
1965:Polletta, Maria (September 13, 2017).
1927:Polletta, Maria (September 13, 2017).
1788:
1786:
1569:"Falun Gong: Path to spiritual growth"
1410:
1408:
1382:. Phoenix. April 16, 1996. p. 107
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1133:
1131:
2407:Boehm, Jessica (September 24, 2018).
1719:Gersema, Emily (September 27, 2012).
1567:Ettenborough, Kelly (March 4, 2000).
1212:
1210:
1092:
1090:
1051:
1049:
1010:
1008:
1006:
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965:
963:
573:. Attendees at the ceremony included
7:
2518:Reed Ueda, ed. (21 September 2017).
2334:Boehm, Jessica (February 10, 2018).
2296:Boehm, Jessica (February 10, 2018).
2213:Boehm, Jessica (December 29, 2017).
2003:Boehm, Jessica (December 19, 2017).
1793:Cabral, Angelica (August 29, 2017).
1605:Hwang, Kellie (September 10, 2008).
831:The west side in 2022, main entrance
474:, who also designed a garden at the
372:, in the southern part of Phoenix's
352:Replica of the Lingxing Gate at the
275:Fungwongsing Zunggwok Manfaa Zungsam
2459:Saria, Lauren (December 18, 2018).
2251:Cassudy, Megan (February 2, 2018).
2149:Boehm, Jessica (December 2, 2017).
2082:Trimble, Lynn (November 13, 2018).
2044:Polletta, Maria (October 6, 2017).
1891:"Cultural center's future in doubt"
1529:Kammer, Jerry (December 23, 1998).
1493:"99 Ranch Market a different world"
1306:Chan, Cecilia (November 13, 2018).
1140:"Chinese-Americans question center"
1015:Magruder, Janie (August 20, 1997).
635:, Phoenix's sister city in Taiwan.
328:" for the Chinese community in the
1217:Larson, Jane (November 20, 1996).
1176:Larson, Jane (November 20, 1996).
14:
3607:2018 disestablishments in Arizona
3577:Asian-American culture in Arizona
1860:Spiess, Rebecca (June 22, 2018).
1643:Seftel, Howard (April 13, 2000).
1491:Walker, Judy (January 21, 1998).
1453:Jarman, Max (December 17, 1997).
1415:Jarman, Max (December 17, 1997).
1097:Fiscus, Chris (October 2, 1996).
638:The center also hosted an annual
466:with replicas of ancient Chinese
462:The east side of the complex had
118:BNU Corporation, a subsidiary of
2554:"Asian District – Mesa, Arizona"
2482:
2439:phoenixchineseculturalcenter.com
2372:Gonzalas, Angela (May 4, 2018).
2357:
2319:
2274:
2236:
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2067:
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1988:
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1889:Goth, Brenna (August 15, 2017).
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1476:
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1397:
1360:
1278:
1240:
1199:
1161:
1120:
1079:
1038:
1017:"Chinese Cultural Center rising"
993:
916:The center was divided into 103
836:
824:
812:
658:
25:
1255:Ging, Michael (June 24, 1997).
1138:Kammer, Jerry (April 4, 1999).
273:
225:Phoenix Chinese Cultural Center
3602:1998 establishments in Arizona
3597:Chinese-American organizations
1681:Wiles, Russ (March 16, 2006).
1337:Kwok, Abe (January 27, 2020).
305:
252:
214:
200:
1:
776:Local orthopedic surgeon Dr.
696:
511:(Confucius Temple, Nanjing),
422:Architecture and construction
597:Replicas of ancient Chinese
2524:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 374–.
1897:. Phoenix. pp. A1, A10
920:, True North owned 98 units
525:Classical Gardens of Suzhou
496:in the construction of the
3628:
1769:arizonaprogressgazette.com
852:
725:Kelo v. City of New London
627:, China, one of Phoenix's
366:Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport
3612:Shopping malls in Arizona
3508:
3378:
3357:Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon)
3186:
2826:
2755:
2684:
2624:
861:Southern Pacific Railroad
581:, and Secretary of State
544:and one of a few outside
432:Imperial roof decorations
393:Phoenix metropolitan area
290:
286:
229:
184:
36:
24:
3587:Chinese-American culture
3064:Providence, Rhode Island
2378:Phoenix Business Journal
1828:Arizona Business Gazette
1725:Arizona Business Gazette
766:Arizona Court of Appeals
195:Traditional Chinese
31:The center in April 2017
3096:San Francisco Chinatown
2467:. Phoenix. pp. A10
2157:. Phoenix. pp. A10
865:Sun Mercantile Building
370:Arizona State Route 202
298:Chinese Cultural Center
209:Simplified Chinese
154:Total retail floor area
20:Chinese Cultural Center
2974:Montville, Connecticut
2342:. Phoenix. pp. A4
2304:. Phoenix. pp. A4
2259:. Phoenix. pp. 8A
2221:. Phoenix. pp. A9
2116:. Phoenix. pp. A3
2052:. Phoenix. pp. A3
2011:. Phoenix. pp. A9
1973:. Phoenix. pp. A6
1935:. Phoenix. pp. A3
1830:. Phoenix. p. A11
1727:. Phoenix. p. A11
1651:. Phoenix. p. 201
1613:. Phoenix. p. 187
1575:. Phoenix. p. 166
1499:. Phoenix. p. 204
1345:. Phoenix. p. BG4
1023:. Phoenix. p. 164
602:
459:
357:
2558:asiandistrictmesa.com
1689:. Phoenix. p. 34
1537:. Phoenix. p. 20
1461:. Phoenix. p. 51
1455:"Grocery open center"
1423:. Phoenix. p. 49
1263:. Phoenix. p. 28
1225:. Phoenix. p. 55
1184:. Phoenix. p. 46
1146:. Phoenix. p. 16
1105:. Phoenix. p. A6
1064:. Phoenix. p. 92
978:. Phoenix. p. A1
905:civil rights movement
849:Chinatowns in Phoenix
640:Harvest Moon Festival
596:
521:Surging Wave Pavilion
457:
351:
171:Public transit access
1257:"Phasing in project"
428:Chinese architecture
386:Phoenix City Council
334:Chinese architecture
322:state-run enterprise
75:33.4551°N 111.9885°W
3154:Rockville, Maryland
3142:Spokane, Washington
2647:Commissioner Street
2194:. December 27, 2017
589:Community reception
476:Metropolitan Museum
71: /
21:
3493:Chinatown, Honiara
3199: •
3161:Winnemucca, Nevada
2953:San Gabriel Valley
2872:West Argyle Street
934:Chinatown, Phoenix
869:basketball stadium
855:Chinatown, Phoenix
619:In February 2000,
603:
488:Included were two
460:
358:
94:669 N. 44th Street
80:33.4551; -111.9885
3564:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3481:
3480:
3365:
3364:
3173:
3172:
3169:
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3106:Richmond District
3090:San Francisco Bay
2967:North Miami Beach
2941:Locke, California
2894:Dallas-Fort Worth
2813:
2812:
2742:
2741:
2662:
2661:
2531:978-1-4408-2865-2
2088:Phoenix New Times
1312:Phoenix New Times
918:condominium units
897:Santa Rita Center
646:Later development
294:
293:
282:
281:
240:Standard Mandarin
3619:
3506:
3497:
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3394:
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3262:Kuala Terengganu
3248:
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3148:Washington, D.C.
3059:Portland, Oregon
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2009:Arizona Republic
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708:Fresh & Easy
701:
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556:Retail and other
531:Original tenants
509:Nanjing Fuzimiao
382:Chinese New Year
354:Nanjing Fuzimiao
314:Phoenix, Arizona
307:
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137:Cornoyer-Hedrick
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45:Phoenix, Arizona
29:
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3054:Portland, Maine
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1376:"Here it comes"
1374:
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894:
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851:
844:
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832:
829:
820:
817:
761:Maricopa County
720:Proposition 207
699:
678:Great Recession
670:
665:
664:
663:
648:
591:
567:
558:
542:99 Ranch Market
538:
533:
464:Chinese gardens
452:
424:
346:
338:Asian-Americans
330:greater Phoenix
326:cultural center
274:
222:Literal meaning
79:
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73:
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60:
58:
57:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3443:United Kingdom
3440:
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3259:
3254:
3249:
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3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3201:Tiretta Bazaar
3193:
3187:
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3175:
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3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3144:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3124:Seattle-Tacoma
3120:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3086:
3081:
3079:Salt Lake City
3076:
3071:
3066:
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3034:
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3024:
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2477:Newspapers.com
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2352:Newspapers.com
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2314:Newspapers.com
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2269:Newspapers.com
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2167:Newspapers.com
2138:
2126:Newspapers.com
2100:
2074:
2062:Newspapers.com
2033:
2021:Newspapers.com
1995:
1983:Newspapers.com
1957:
1945:Newspapers.com
1919:
1907:Newspapers.com
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1840:Newspapers.com
1811:
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1737:Newspapers.com
1711:
1699:Newspapers.com
1673:
1661:Newspapers.com
1645:"Sushi galore"
1635:
1623:Newspapers.com
1597:
1585:Newspapers.com
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1547:Newspapers.com
1521:
1509:Newspapers.com
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1471:Newspapers.com
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1433:Newspapers.com
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1392:Newspapers.com
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1355:Newspapers.com
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1273:Newspapers.com
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1235:Newspapers.com
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1194:Newspapers.com
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1156:Newspapers.com
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1115:Newspapers.com
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1074:Newspapers.com
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1033:Newspapers.com
1000:
988:Newspapers.com
959:
944:
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941:
938:
937:
936:
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926:
923:
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909:
887:
886:
884:
881:
853:Main article:
850:
847:
846:
845:
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835:
833:
830:
823:
821:
818:
811:
669:
666:
657:
656:
655:
647:
644:
608:Elizabeth Mann
590:
587:
566:
563:
557:
554:
537:
534:
532:
529:
498:Forbidden City
451:
448:
440:Forbidden City
423:
420:
378:Chinese garden
374:Camelback East
345:
342:
310:Outlier Center
292:
291:
288:
287:
284:
283:
280:
279:
270:
264:
263:
261:Yue: Cantonese
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236:
235:
234:Transcriptions
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211:
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144:anchor tenants
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100:
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55:
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42:
38:
37:
34:
33:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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629:sister cities
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583:Betsy Bayless
580:
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565:Grand opening
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163:No. of floors
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28:
23:
3272:Malacca City
3257:Kuala Lumpur
3146:
3122:
3088:
3032:Philadelphia
3002:
2978:
2959:
2945:
2921:
2892:
2878:
2864:
2850:
2694:Buenos Aires
2639:South Africa
2574:
2561:. Retrieved
2557:
2548:
2520:
2513:
2501:. Retrieved
2492:
2475:– via
2471:February 26,
2469:. Retrieved
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2417:. Retrieved
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2329:
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2306:. Retrieved
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2263:February 26,
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2246:
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2225:February 26,
2223:. Retrieved
2218:
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2120:February 26,
2118:. Retrieved
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2060:– via
2056:February 26,
2054:. Retrieved
2049:
2019:– via
2015:February 26,
2013:. Retrieved
2008:
1998:
1981:– via
1977:February 26,
1975:. Retrieved
1970:
1960:
1943:– via
1939:February 26,
1937:. Retrieved
1932:
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1901:February 26,
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1894:
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1827:
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1731:February 26,
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1420:
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1342:
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1311:
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1267:February 26,
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1222:
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1150:February 26,
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1143:
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1109:February 26,
1107:. Retrieved
1102:
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1061:
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1027:February 26,
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1020:
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982:February 26,
980:. Retrieved
975:
948:
912:
901:Cesar Chavez
891:
858:
805:
801:
797:
793:Kate Gallego
790:
782:
775:
758:
754:
742:
738:
734:
730:
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716:
712:
706:, a defunct
694:
691:
687:
671:
649:
637:
618:
604:
571:lion dancers
568:
559:
539:
506:
494:Ming dynasty
487:
484:
461:
425:
413:
409:
401:
390:
359:
320:, a Chinese
309:
308:), now the
297:
295:
247:Hanyu Pinyin
189:Chinese name
175:Valley Metro
107:Closing date
99:Opening date
3413:Netherlands
3332:South Korea
3317:Vladivostok
3297:Philippines
2998:New Orleans
2947:Los Angeles
2719:Mexico City
786:Phil Gordon
700: 2006
575:Li Zhaoxing
550:field trips
536:Supermarket
436:purple clay
416:topping out
78: /
66:111°59′19″W
53:Coordinates
3571:Categories
3533:Gold Coast
3468:Manchester
3448:Birmingham
3307:Davao City
3042:Pittsburgh
2980:New Jersey
2900:Richardson
2770:Lethbridge
2634:Port Louis
2609:Chinatowns
2540:1005616452
940:References
704:Scottsdale
682:Hance Park
621:Falun Gong
613:Barry Wong
546:California
344:Background
63:33°27′18″N
3538:Melbourne
3501:Australia
3473:Newcastle
3458:Liverpool
3428:Rotterdam
3423:The Hague
3418:Amsterdam
3327:Singapore
3322:Singapore
3207:Indonesia
3195:Kolkata (
3084:San Diego
3074:St. Louis
3010:Manhattan
2936:Las Vegas
2880:Cleveland
2841:Baltimore
2790:Vancouver
2689:Argentina
2652:Cyrildene
2629:Mauritius
2498:"Outlier"
2415:. Phoenix
749:Buddhists
513:West Lake
480:koi ponds
404:Feng Shui
397:Chinatown
306:鳳凰城中國文化中心
215:凤凰城中国文化中心
201:鳳凰城中國文化中心
134:Architect
115:Developer
3523:Brisbane
3518:Atherton
3513:Adelaide
3342:Thailand
3287:Pakistan
3247:Malaysia
3242:Yokohama
3232:Nagasaki
3116:San Jose
3015:Brooklyn
2917:Honolulu
2886:Asiatown
2805:Winnipeg
2795:Victoria
2775:Montreal
2765:Edmonton
2714:Mexicali
2668:Americas
2563:March 1,
2503:April 8,
2444:March 1,
2383:March 1,
2336:"Center"
2198:March 1,
2093:March 1,
1871:March 1,
1804:March 1,
1775:March 1,
1317:March 1,
928:See also
899:, where
773:action.
651:Ichi Ban
519:and the
517:Hangzhou
472:Ye Juhua
268:Jyutping
41:Location
3487:Oceania
3453:Glasgow
3388:Antwerp
3383:Belgium
3352:Vietnam
3347:Bangkok
3337:Incheon
3292:Karachi
3277:Myanmar
3267:Kuching
3212:Jakarta
3130:Seattle
3101:Oakland
3037:Phoenix
2961:Florida
2923:Houston
2912:Detroit
2866:Chicago
2831:Atlanta
2800:Windsor
2785:Toronto
2760:Calgary
2724:Tijuana
745:Taoists
674:dim sum
625:Chengdu
579:Jon Kyl
502:Beijing
468:pagodas
450:Gardens
444:Beijing
302:Chinese
142:No. of
91:Address
3548:Sydney
3528:Darwin
3463:London
3438:Madrid
3393:France
3371:Europe
3312:Russia
3302:Manila
3282:Yangon
3197:Tangra
3135:Tacoma
3020:Queens
2991:Newark
2986:Edison
2907:Denver
2858:Quincy
2852:Boston
2836:Austin
2780:Ottawa
2748:Canada
2709:Mexico
2704:Havana
2617:Africa
2538:
2528:
871:and a
668:Demise
633:Taipei
601:(2017)
599:pagoda
490:pi xiu
399:area.
304::
47:, U.S.
3543:Perth
3433:Spain
3408:Milan
3403:Italy
3398:Paris
3237:Tokyo
3222:Japan
3217:Medan
3191:India
2846:Boise
883:Notes
771:SLAPP
362:COFCO
318:COFCO
129:COFCO
126:Owner
120:COFCO
3227:Kobe
3179:Asia
2734:Lima
2729:Peru
2699:Cuba
2565:2022
2536:OCLC
2526:ISBN
2505:2022
2473:2022
2446:2022
2421:2022
2385:2022
2348:2022
2310:2022
2265:2022
2227:2022
2200:2022
2163:2022
2122:2022
2095:2022
2058:2022
2017:2022
1979:2022
1941:2022
1903:2022
1873:2022
1836:2022
1806:2022
1777:2022
1733:2022
1695:2022
1657:2022
1619:2022
1581:2022
1543:2022
1505:2022
1467:2022
1429:2022
1388:2022
1351:2022
1319:2022
1269:2022
1231:2022
1190:2022
1152:2022
1111:2022
1070:2022
1029:2022
984:2022
877:Mesa
747:and
368:and
296:The
110:2018
515:in
500:in
442:in
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