1146:, by far the largest group of Chinese in South Africa, can be divided into three periods. The first group arrived in the late 1980s and early 1990s along with the Taiwanese immigrants. Unlike the Taiwanese immigrants, lacking the capital to start larger firms, most established small businesses. Although becoming relatively prosperous a large number of this group left South Africa, either back to China or to more developed Western countries, around the same time and for much the same reason as the Taiwanese immigrants left. The second group, arriving mostly from
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1293:
524:
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1307:
595:
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1321:
479:
508:
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in South
African society. A trend followed where both criminals and corrupt officials disproportionately target Chinese and South Asian migrants, in contrast to the typical focus of violence on migrants from other African nations in South Africa. The heightened incidences of robberies and hate crimes against Chinese south Africans could be associated with their greater representation in the retail sector.
998:
Africa, which climbed from around 10,000 in the early 1980s to at least 20,000 in the early 1990s. Many
Taiwanese were entrepreneurs who set up small companies, particularly in the textile sector, across South Africa. It is estimated that by the end of the early 1990s Taiwanese industrialists had invested $ 2 billion (or $ 2.94 billion in 2011 dollars) in South Africa and employed roughly 50,000 people.
1127:
736:, who promoted a boycott of the Tricameral Parliament elections, as it still excluded Black people and had very little political power in South Africa. The Chinese South African community refused to participate in this parliament. Previously, the Chinese Association had expelled a member who had been appointed to the
1169:
Tensions among the
Chinese community in South Africa have deep historical roots, with early Cantonese and Hakka settlers residing in separate regions until apartheid laws compelled coexistence. Later, conflicts escalated due to the arrival of Taiwanese immigrants engaging in controversial behaviours.
993:
The South
African government also offered a number of economic incentives to investors from Taiwan seeking to set up factories and businesses in the country. These generous incentives ranged from "paying for relocation costs, subsidised wages for seven years, subsidised commercial rent for ten years,
714:
they are Non-White. The Group Areas Act says they are
Coloured, subsection Chinese ... They are frequently mistaken for Japanese in public and have generally used White buses, hotels, cinemas and restaurants. But in Pretoria, only the consul-general's staff may use White buses .. Their future appears
535:
Because of the war, unskilled
African laborers had returned to rural areas and were more inclined to work on rebuilding infrastructure as mining was more dangerous. Unskilled white labour was being phased out because it was deemed too expensive. The British found recruiting and importing labour from
395:
in 1660. Originally the Dutch wanted to recruit
Chinese settlers to settle in the colony as farmers, thereby helping establish the colony and create a tax base so the colony would be less of a drain on Dutch coffers. However the Dutch failed to find anyone in the Chinese community in Batavia who was
531:
There were many reasons why the
British chose to import Chinese labour to use on the mines. After the Anglo-Boer War, production on the gold mines of the Witwatersrand was very low due to a lack of labour. The British government was eager to get these mines back online as quickly as possible as part
1117:
The negative response following
Chinese Association of South Africa's (CASA) initial announcement of success in their affirmative action case against the new South African government highlights the prevailing confusion and internal discord among most South Africans regarding the role of the Chinese
577:
in July 1904. By 1906, the total number of
Chinese workers increased to 50,000, almost entirely recruited and shipped by CEMC. When the living and working conditions of the laborers became known, public opposition to the scheme grew and questions were asked in the British Parliament. The scheme was
439:
in Johannesburg that was declared a non-white area in the late 1800s and known as the "Malay Location" Large-scale immigration into South Africa during this time was prohibited by the Transvaal Immigration Restriction Act of 1902 and the Cape Chinese Exclusion Act of 1904. A host of discriminatory
723:
In 1928, the liquor legislation was amended to allow Indian South Africans to purchase liquor. Following an amendment in 1962, other non-white South Africans could purchase alcohol, but not drink in white areas. In 1976, the law was amended to allow Chinese South Africans to drink alcohol in white
626:
to protest the legislation that was supported by the Indian and Chinese communities. The secretary of the Chinese Association informed Gandhi that the Chinese were prepared to be jailed alongside Indians in support of this cause. On 16 August 1908, members of the movement gathered outside Hamidia
997:
In 1984, South African Chinese, now increased to about 10,000, finally obtained the same official rights as the Japanese in South Africa, that is, to be treated as whites in terms of the Group Areas Act. The arrival of the Taiwanese resulted in a surge of the ethnic Chinese population of South
1173:
Over time, the animosity shifted from Taiwanese to Fujianese migrants, who are now the primary target of hostility. Despite South Africans perceiving the Chinese as a singular group, internal divisions persist, particularly between settled Chinese and newer Fujianese migrants, contributing to
969:(officially the Republic of China), KMT-affiliated Taiwanese Chinese (as well as some Hong Kongers from British Hong Kong) started migrating to South Africa from the late 1970s onward. Due to apartheid South Africa's desire to attract their investment in South Africa and the many poorer
666:
the Chinese Group, which shall consist of persons who in fact are, or who, except in the case of persons who in fact are members of a race or class or tribe referred to in paragraph (1), (2), (3), (5) or (6) are generally accepted as members of a race or tribe whose national home is in
1113:
deputy director general Sipho Zikode clarified who the ruling was meant to benefit. He said that not all Chinese in South Africa were eligible for BEE. He confirmed that only Chinese who were South African citizens prior to 1994, numbering "about 10,000" were eligible.
2357:
The Act had restricted profits for commercial brewers, and in 1962 the apartheid government caved under pressure from the industry and opened up sales to black South Africans. They could not drink in town – white areas – but they could now buy commercial beer at
1844:
Some 1,000 Chinese supporters joined Indians to take part in Gandhi's first peaceful protest in Transvaal province in 1906 to protest against a law that barred Asians from owning property and made it mandatory to carry identity cards, among other
973:
within the country, they were exempt from many apartheid laws and regulations. This created a situation where South Africans of Chinese descent continued to be classified as Coloureds or Asians, whereas the Taiwanese Chinese and other East Asian
715:
insecure and unstable. Because of past and present misery under South African laws, and what seems like more to come in the future, many Chinese are emigrating. Like many Coloured people who are leaving the country, they seem to favour
1941:
585:
in the United Kingdom. However, it did stimulate to the economic recovery of South Africa after the Anglo-Boer War by once again making the mines of the Witwatersrand the most productive gold mines in the world.
2703:
Y. J. Park and A. Y. Chen, "Intersections of race, class and power: Chinese in post-apartheid Free State", unpublished paper presented at the South African Sociological Association Congress, Stellenbosch, July
1021:
in 1994, mainland Chinese began immigrating to South Africa in large numbers, increasing the Chinese population in South Africa to an estimated 300,000-400,000 in 2015. In Johannesburg, in particular, a new
400:. They made a living through fishing and farming and traded their produce for other required goods. From 1660 until the late 19th century the number of Chinese people in the Cape Colony never exceeded 100.
731:
was established by the government to give Coloured and Indian South Africans a limited influence on South African politics. The Tricameral Parliament was criticised by anti-apartheid groups including the
415:
then known as Canton. Due to anti-Chinese feeling and racial discrimination at the time they were prevented from obtaining mining contracts and so became entrepreneurs and small business owners instead.
1170:
Chinese South Africans, frustrated by being wrongly associated with these actions, expressed anger and a desire to distance themselves from the negative image created by the Taiwanese newcomers.
1154:
provinces in the 1990s, were wealthier, better educated, and very entrepreneurial. The latest and ongoing group began arriving after 2000 and primarily made up of small traders and peasants from
1049:
issued an apology for racially charged remarks made by COSATU protesters towards a Chinese South African Johannesburg city councillor, Michael Sun. In 2022 eleven people were found guilty of
171:, including those whose ancestors came to South Africa in the early 20th century until Chinese immigration was banned under the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1904. Chinese industrialists from the
440:
laws similar to the anti-Chinese laws that sought to restrict trade, land ownership and citizenship were also enacted during this time. These laws were largely made popular by a general
403:
Chinese people began arriving in large numbers in South Africa in the 1870s through to the early 20th century initially in hopes of making their fortune on the diamond and gold mines in
2870:
1949:
1683:
2323:
Section 104 of the liquor bill was withdrawn, and Indians were once again allowed to enter licensed premises. Despite this, Africans were still not allowed to buy beer legally.
459:
These early immigrants arriving between the 1870s and early 1900s are the ancestors of most of South Africa's first Chinese community and number some 10,000 individuals today.
2336:
2539:
2004:
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province. There are also many Chinese from other regions in China. As of 2013, there were 57 different regional Chinese associations operating in the Cyrildene Chinatown.
671:
Chinese South Africans, along with Black, Coloured and Indian South Africans, were forcefully removed from areas declared "Whites only" areas by the government under the
563:
at the same time. It is a myth that the contracted miners brought into South Africa at this time are the forefathers of much of South Africa's Chinese population today.
1109:
in court during the case. However, Chinese South Africans who immigrated to the country after 1994 will be ineligible to benefit under the policies. In September 2015,
1081:, some Chinese South Africans were discriminated against in various forms by the apartheid government. However, they were originally excluded from benefiting under the
4566:
1110:
2154:
1387:
Liao, Wenhui; He, Qicai (2015). "Tenth World Conference of Overseas Chinese: Annual International Symposium on Regional Academic Activities Report (translated)".
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made a written declaration saying that the Chinese would not register for passes and would not interact with those that did. Mahatma Gandhi started a campaign of
2404:
1138:, South Africa in 2010. Since the early 2000s many such shops, usually general dealers, have opened up in rural areas by Chinese immigrants from mainland China.
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that swept the country. Numbers dropped from a high of around 30,000 Taiwanese citizens in the mid-1990s to the current population of approximately 6,000 today.
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2274:
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Between 1904 and 1910, over 63,000 contracted miners were brought in to work the mines of the Witwatersrand. Most of these contractors were recruited from the
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In the late 1990s and the first decade of the 21st century many of the Taiwanese left South Africa, in part due to official recognition of the
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2822:
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2477:
1454:
569:, who would become the 31st U.S. president, was a director of Chinese Engineering and Mining Corporation (CEMC) when it became a supplier of
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The Chinese community in South Africa grew steadily throughout the remainder of the 19th century, bolstered by new arrivals from China. The
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It was outside the Hamidia Mosque on 16 August 1908 that Indians and Chinese set alight more than 1 200 registration certificates...
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719:. Through humiliation and statutory discrimination South Africa is frustrating and alienating what should be a prized community.
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3287:
1034:, replacing the declining one in the city centre. A Chinese housing development has also been established in the small town of
691:, known colloquially as 'Fietas', in 1968. Chinese South Africans were also among those removed from the South End district of
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that required the Indian and Chinese populations in the Transvaal to be registered and for males to be fingerprinted and carry
4119:
3484:
2384:
1925:
156:
2565:
1089:. This changed in mid-2008 when, in a case brought by the Chinese Association of South Africa, the Pretoria division of the
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Sanctions and honorary whites : diplomatic policies and economic realities in relations between Japan and South Africa
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2014:
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The Liquor Bill Section 104 of the Liquor Bill of 1928 Prohibiting Indians from entering licensed premises is withdrawn.
1062:
3702:
2162:
4334:
4201:
3423:
2682:
2282:
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in 1950. Suburbs in Johannesburg with Chinese South African populations that were subject to forced removals include
1883:
4485:
4378:
4357:
4295:
4290:
4196:
4191:
3998:
3714:
3650:
3619:
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3215:
1090:
1082:
423:, fought between 1898 and 1902, pushed some Chinese South Africans out of the Witwatersrand and into areas such as
380:
172:
2307:
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immigrants to South Africa (predominantly from mainland China) now outnumber locally-born Chinese South Africans.
4312:
4302:
4285:
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1884:"Asiatic Law Amendment Act is passed in Transvaal parliament leading to increased Indian protest under MK Gandhi"
1272:
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1210:
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1035:
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1234:
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581:
The mass importation of Chinese labourers to work on the gold mines contributed to the fall from power of the
2243:
Changing Cape Town : urban dynamics, policy and planning during the political transition in South Africa
1460:
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1339:
962:
737:
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573:(Asian) labor for South African mines. The first shipment of 2,000 Chinese workers arrived in Durban from
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The Chinese Association (Gauteng) – The Oldest Chinese Association in Southern Africa established in 1903
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3365:
3317:
3312:
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1618:
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policies and programmes. The Chinese Association of South Africa was represented by human rights lawyer
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728:
648:
92:
523:
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594:
555:. They were repatriated after 1910, because of strong White opposition to their presence, similar to
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beginning in 1965. These removals resulted in the formation of a Chinese township in Port Elizabeth.
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3940:
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3814:
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described the negative effects of apartheid legislation on the Chinese community and the resulting
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408:
527:
Around 4,200 miners at the Simmer and Jack mine on the Witwatersrand, taken between 1904 and 1910.
4388:
4148:
3930:
3910:
3905:
3778:
1700:
Nation Formation and Social Cohesion: An Enquiry into the Hopes and Aspirations of South Africans
1479:
1102:
688:
623:
412:
305:
1916:
Bhattacharjea, Mira Sinha (2005). "Gandhi and the Chinese Community". In Thampi, Madhavi (ed.).
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1921:
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before 1994, as well as their descendants, qualify as previously disadvantaged individuals as
684:
651:. Today this segment of the South African Chinese population numbers some 10,000 individuals.
436:
397:
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prepared to volunteer to go to such a far off place. There were also some free Chinese in the
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4460:
4445:
4102:
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3500:
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607:
483:
164:
136:
124:
116:
4153:
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4435:
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4058:
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2009:
1514:
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1443:
Recent Chinese Migrations to South Africa - New Intersections of Race, Class and Ethnicity
983:
672:
453:
187:
4163:
3175:
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housing loans, cheap transport of goods to urban areas, and favourable exchange rates".
635:
As with other non-White South Africans, the Chinese suffered from discrimination during
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4158:
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3263:
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1783:
1510:
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1354:
1264:
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711:
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No group is treated so inconsistently under South Africa's race legislation. Under the
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603:
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was formed to represent the interests of the 900 or so Chinese people who lived in the
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223:
182:
South Africa has the largest population of Chinese in Africa, and most of them live in
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4085:
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3355:
3350:
3086:
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3052:
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1312:
1215:
445:
435:. Areas recorded to have Chinese populations moving in to settle at the time include
264:
507:
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4131:
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3138:
3038:
3018:
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2969:
2949:
2934:
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2914:
2904:
2896:
2540:"Cosatu Apologises For Racial Insults Hurled at City of Johannesburg's Michael Sun"
1298:
1252:
1135:
1106:
556:
540:
441:
432:
384:
183:
168:
64:
2593:"ANTI-CHINESE SENTIMENT: Hate speech case a message about racism, discrimination"
2029:
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from purchasing land. In 1907, the government of the Transvaal Colony passed the
519:
for supporting the introduction of indentured Chinese laborers into South Africa.
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3345:
3190:
3046:
3031:
3024:
2984:
2962:
2848:
1977:
1258:
1193:
1050:
979:
703:
574:
388:
108:
2777:
Colour, Confusion & Concessions: The History of the Chinese in South Africa
4141:
4124:
4095:
4068:
4046:
3233:
3220:
3170:
3162:
2619:"EQUALITY COURT: SA Chinese communities elated after winning hate speech case"
2454:...and the refusal of the Chinese to participate in the Tricameral Parliament.
1288:
1198:
975:
970:
680:
676:
662:, Chinese South Africans were deemed "Asiatic", then "Coloured", and finally:
560:
2815:
Chinese Labour in South Africa, 1902-10: Race, Violence, and Global Spectacle
2391:
As of 14 May 1976, Chinese were treated as whites in terms of the Liquor Act.
2063:
1731:
1560:
Colour, Confusion and Concessions: The History of the Chinese in South Africa
3332:
1277:
1098:
1078:
1027:
1018:
930:
655:
640:
615:
449:
392:
176:
100:
80:
4136:
3185:
3158:
2939:
2745:
2094:(2. impr. ed.). Claremont, South Africa: David Philip. p. 251.
1891:
1151:
1054:
1039:
548:
488:
72:
1061:
documentary on the inhumane treatment of donkeys slaughtered for use in
4107:
4090:
2955:
1805:
1189:
1147:
1126:
2976:
2091:
All under heaven : the story of a Chinese family in South Africa
1228:
1155:
966:
904:
716:
570:
56:
375:
The first Chinese to settle in South Africa were prisoners, usually
3469:
3226:
2405:"The UDF at 30: An organisation that shook Apartheid's foundation"
1237:(陈阡蕙), former Member of Parliament in South Africa, member of the
1125:
1042:, as well as a massive new "city" in development in Johannesburg.
917:
593:
552:
544:
522:
506:
477:
411:
respectively. Most were independent immigrants mostly coming from
2521:
499:
was controversial and contributed to the Liberal victory in the
3473:
2852:
2031:
Soweto Blues: Jazz, Popular Music, and Politics in South Africa
1619:"We agree that you are black South African court tells Chinese"
2838:
1680:"The Chinese in South Africa: a preliminary overview to 1910"
602:
In 1906, about 1,000 Chinese joined Indian protesters led by
1829:"Why Mahatma Gandhi is becoming popular in China - BBC News"
1280:, businessman and founder of the electronics company Mustek.
1101:, and therefore are eligible to benefit under BEE and other
2432:
Spearheading debate : culture wars & uneasy truces
1858:"Chinese had joined Mahatma Gandhi's South Africa struggle"
1246:(黄士豪), Member of Parliament of South Africa, member of the
2064:"The town destroyed to stop black and white people mixing"
175:
who arrived in the 1970s, 1980s and early 1990s, and post-
2843:
740:, a body established to advise on constitutional reform.
627:
Mosque where they burnt 1,200 registration certificates.
532:
of their overall effort to rebuild the war-torn country.
536:
east Asia the most expedient way to solve this problem.
2246:. Lanham, Md: University Press of America. p. 60.
492:
1697:
Mapungubwe Institute for Strategic Reflection (2015).
1562:. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. p. 510.
1389:
The International Journal of Diasporic Chinese Studies
448:
during the early 1900s and the arrival of over 60,000
4495:
2472:. University of California Press. pp. 279–281.
2435:. Auckland Park, South Africa: Jacana. p. 225.
1732:"TCA: Our Story – The Chinese Association (Gauteng)"
4416:
4371:
4345:
4278:
4252:
4245:
4210:
4179:
4007:
3981:
3960:
3953:
3898:
3872:
3792:
3734:
3727:
3638:
3612:
3581:
3545:
3514:
3507:
3411:
3364:
3331:
3206:
3157:
3137:
3085:
3009:
2895:
2886:
2155:"Fietas streets by any other name are not as sweet"
130:
86:
50:
40:
31:
2379:. Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press. p. 163.
2308:"The Liquor Laws Amendment Bill comes into effect"
1801:"Mr Winston Churchill: speeches in 1906 (Hansard)"
2796:A Matter of Honour: Being Chinese in South Africa
1972:
1970:
1382:
1380:
1920:. New Delhi: Social Science Press. p. 160.
1750:
1748:
1657:"Living in Between: The Chinese in South Africa"
2337:"Long reign of the South African shebeen queen"
1586:The Shaping of South African Society, 1652–1840
1174:misunderstandings and occasional difficulties.
708:
664:
2798:(Paperback ed.). Jacana Media (Pty) Ltd.
3485:
2864:
986:" and enjoyed most of the rights accorded to
647:, a category that was generally reserved for
598:Chinese passive resistance leaders circa 1906
8:
1583:Elphick, Richard; Giliomee, Hermann (1979).
606:to march against laws barring Asians in the
201:South African Chinese Population, 1904–1936
26:
2746:"In Johannesburg, a Tale of Two Chinatowns"
2566:"When the liberators become the oppressors"
2524:, Relative Value of a U.S. Dollar Amount -
2501:"Premier Sun visits four African countries"
1756:"In South Africa, Chinese is the New Black"
1505:
1503:
1501:
1093:ruled that Chinese South Africans who were
559:in the western United States, particularly
4249:
3957:
3731:
3511:
3492:
3478:
3470:
2892:
2871:
2857:
2849:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1589:. Wesleyan University Press. p. 223.
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
25:
4069:Peranakan / Baba Nyonya / Straits Chinese
1911:
1909:
1773:Nativism (politics)#Anti-Chinese nativism
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
700:South African Institute of Race Relations
2675:"State defends BEE benefits for Chinese"
2368:
2366:
1703:. Real African Publishers. p. 148.
1558:Yap, Melanie; Leong Man, Dainne (1996).
1515:"What color are Chinese South Africans?"
878:
747:
197:
4567:South African people of Chinese descent
4502:
4480:of France in the western Indian Ocean.
2673:Mashego, Penelope (18 September 2015).
1376:
961:With the establishment of ties between
590:Passive resistance campaign (1906–1913)
1487:
1477:
1231:(呂怡慧), Miss Chinese International 2006
1026:has emerged in the eastern suburbs of
2716:"The arch angle on booming Chinatown"
1918:India and China in the colonial world
1165:Disputes within the Chinese community
942:
861:
345:
304:
263:
222:
7:
2403:Brooks Spector, J (22 August 2013).
2153:Mamdoo, Feizel (24 September 2015).
683:in 1969 and the adjacent suburbs of
51:Regions with significant populations
2335:Naidoo, Aneshree (12 August 2014).
2275:"Apartheid Legislation 1850s-1970s"
2122:Masilela, Johnny (1 January 2015).
2034:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 67.
2775:Yap, Melanie; Man, Dianne (1996).
2216:"South End Museum, Port Elizabeth"
2124:"The broken miracle of Marabastad"
2028:Ansell, Gwen (28 September 2004).
1686:from the original on 26 June 2008.
1617:Clayton, Jonathan (19 June 2008).
1449:. Interdisciplinary Perspectives.
1261:, television and radio personality
1053:towards Chinese South Africans on
612:Transvaal Asiatic Registration Act
474:Contracted gold miners (1904–1910)
14:
2062:Otzen, Ellen (11 February 2015).
1978:"S Africa Chinese 'become black'"
1948:. 1 February 2012. Archived from
1073:Black Economic Empowerment ruling
660:Population Registration Act, 1950
4572:Chinese diaspora in South Africa
4529:
4517:
4505:
2564:Mashaba, Herman (5 April 2019).
2538:Nyoka, Nation (3 October 2017).
2507:. 5 January 1980. Archived from
1659:. Immigration Information Source
1655:Park, Yoon Jung (January 2012).
1319:
1305:
1291:
1111:Department of Trade and Industry
1890:. 22 March 1907. Archived from
1827:Jain, Ankur (1 February 2014).
1806:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1192:, six-time titleholder for the
1122:Immigration of mainland Chinese
982:and Japanese) were considered "
639:, and were often classified as
4557:Asian diaspora in South Africa
2779:. Hong Kong University Press.
2650:. 18 June 2008. Archived from
2528:, retrieved on 26 January 2011
2184:Ho, Ufrieda (14 August 2012).
2013:. Johannesburg. Archived from
1410:. Busrep.co.za. Archived from
1186:(黃馨祥), surgeon and billionaire
1178:Notable Chinese South Africans
160:
152:
46:300,000 – 400,000 (2015, est.)
1:
2880:Ethnic groups in South Africa
2591:Ho, Ufrieda (14 March 2019).
2003:Perry, Alex (1 August 2008).
1365:South Africa-Taiwan relations
620:Transvaal Chinese Association
511:Liberal Party poster for the
464:Transvaal Chinese Association
3625:Democratic Republic of Congo
2714:Ho, Ufrieda (12 July 2013).
2617:Ho, Ufrieda (28 July 2022).
2312:South African History Online
2279:South African History Online
2186:"Fietas vanished like dream"
1888:South African History Online
1406:Ho, Ufrieda (19 June 2008).
1360:China–South Africa relations
1201:(王翊儒), former member of the
1085:(BEE) programmes of the new
387:to their then newly founded
18:South African Chinese people
1205:, originally an MP for the
4588:
4552:Chinese diaspora in Africa
2192:. The Star. Archived from
1942:"Tracing Gandhi in Joburg"
1788:The Rise of Herbert Hoover
1408:"Chinese locals are black"
1091:High Court of South Africa
1083:Black Economic Empowerment
1067:People's Republic of China
1057:following the airing of a
1003:People's Republic of China
918:People's Republic of China
751:Number of Chinese granted
173:Republic of China (Taiwan)
4474:
2644:"Chinese qualify for BEE"
2469:The White Tribe of Africa
2429:Dubin, Steven C. (2012).
1678:Harris, Karen L. (1994).
1273:African National Congress
1248:African National Congress
881:
750:
631:Apartheid era (1948–1994)
452:Chinese miners after the
200:
135:
91:
55:
45:
2794:Park, Yoon Jung (2008).
2720:Mail and Guardian Online
2466:Harrison, David (1983).
1440:Park, Yoon Jung (2009).
1087:South African government
1045:In 2017 the trade union
513:1906 UK general election
32:
2813:Bright, Rachel (2013).
2341:Media Club South Africa
2240:Saff, Grant R. (1998).
2088:Accone, Darryl (2004).
1760:The Wall Street Journal
1345:History of South Africa
882:By citizenship 1994–95
744:Immigration from Taiwan
734:United Democratic Front
583:conservative government
2817:. Palgrave Macmillan.
2373:Osada, Masako (2002).
1340:Asians in South Africa
1209:, now a member of the
1139:
1095:South African citizens
963:apartheid South Africa
721:
669:
599:
528:
520:
504:
145:Chinese South Africans
27:Chinese South Africans
2005:"A Chinese Color War"
1224:Inkatha Freedom Party
1129:
1017:Following the end of
1005:and a post-apartheid
729:Tricameral Parliament
649:Indian South Africans
597:
557:anti-Asian sentiments
526:
510:
481:
454:second Anglo-Boer War
186:, an economic hub in
131:Related ethnic groups
4562:1904 in South Africa
4233:United Arab Emirates
4125:Straits-Born Chinese
2685:on 18 September 2015
2526:Consumer Price Index
2165:on 27 September 2015
1682:. Sahistory.org.za.
1335:Chinatowns in Africa
1063:traditional medicine
988:White South Africans
753:permanent residence
497:Transvaal gold mines
442:anti-Chinese feeling
4478:overseas department
3784:Trinidad and Tobago
2511:on 7 February 2012.
2285:on 9 September 2011
2196:on 22 December 2015
2017:on 2 November 2012.
1864:. 18 September 2014
1466:on 28 December 2010
1327:South Africa portal
1239:Democratic Alliance
1184:Patrick Soon-Shiong
1142:The immigration of
738:President's Council
643:, but sometimes as
578:abandoned in 1911.
487:cartoon, 1903; The
157:traditional Chinese
28:
4486:Hong Kong Diaspora
3754:Dominican Republic
2839:FGS NAN HUA TEMPLE
1862:The Times of India
1140:
1130:A "China shop" in
1103:affirmative action
679:starting in 1955,
624:passive resistance
600:
529:
521:
517:Conservative Party
515:, criticizing the
505:
413:Guangdong Province
306:Transvaal Province
149:simplified Chinese
4493:
4492:
4432:
4412:
4411:
4331:
4241:
4240:
4120:Chinese nationals
4047:Peranakan Chinese
3949:
3948:
3862:by city and state
3858:
3851:
3817:
3810:
3723:
3722:
3630:Republic of Congo
3467:
3466:
3153:
3152:
2824:978-0-230-30377-5
2805:978-1-77009-568-7
2654:on 9 January 2016
2570:politicsweb.co.za
2479:978-0-520-05066-2
2159:Mail and Guardian
2134:on 2 January 2015
2128:Mail and Guardian
1456:978-1-904710-81-3
1269:National Assembly
1220:National Assembly
1203:National Assembly
959:
958:
877:
876:
489:Rand mine-owners'
398:Dutch Cape Colony
368:
367:
142:
141:
4579:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4510:
4509:
4508:
4501:
4456:Papua New Guinea
4426:
4327:
4250:
3958:
3854:
3847:
3821:British Columbia
3813:
3806:
3732:
3512:
3501:Overseas Chinese
3494:
3487:
3480:
3471:
3399:
3394:
3282:
3243:
3236:
3229:
3076:
3062:
3055:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3019:Basotho/S. Sotho
3000:
2993:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2893:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2850:
2828:
2809:
2790:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2750:Voice of America
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2722:. Archived from
2711:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2681:. Archived from
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2535:
2529:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2449:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2354:
2352:
2347:on 27 March 2015
2343:. Archived from
2332:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2318:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2290:
2281:. Archived from
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2161:. Archived from
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2130:. Archived from
2119:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1974:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1952:on 28 March 2016
1938:
1932:
1931:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1841:
1839:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1797:
1791:
1790:(New York, 1932)
1781:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1752:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1652:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1555:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1513:(20 June 2008).
1507:
1496:
1495:
1489:
1485:
1483:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1465:
1459:. Archived from
1448:
1437:
1416:
1415:
1414:on 22 June 2008.
1403:
1397:
1396:
1384:
1350:Overseas Chinese
1329:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1315:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1271:, member of the
1267:, member of the
1244:Shiaan-Bin Huang
1218:, member of the
1144:mainland Chinese
1036:Bronkhorstspruit
879:
748:
608:Transvaal Colony
198:
165:Overseas Chinese
162:
154:
137:Overseas Chinese
41:Total population
29:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4530:
4528:
4518:
4516:
4506:
4504:
4496:
4494:
4489:
4488:
4470:
4408:
4367:
4341:
4274:
4237:
4206:
4175:
4052:Bangka-Belitung
4042:Benteng Chinese
4003:
3977:
3945:
3894:
3868:
3788:
3719:
3634:
3608:
3577:
3541:
3503:
3498:
3468:
3463:
3407:
3397:
3390:
3360:
3327:
3278:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3202:
3149:
3133:
3081:
3072:
3058:
3051:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3005:
2996:
2989:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2882:
2877:
2835:
2825:
2812:
2806:
2793:
2787:
2774:
2771:
2769:Further reading
2766:
2765:
2755:
2753:
2752:. 27 April 2022
2744:
2743:
2739:
2729:
2727:
2726:on 14 July 2013
2713:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2698:
2688:
2686:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2627:
2625:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2601:
2599:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2575:
2573:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2548:
2546:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2522:Measuring Worth
2520:
2516:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2411:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2387:
2372:
2371:
2364:
2350:
2348:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2316:
2314:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2288:
2286:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2220:southafrica.net
2214:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2197:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2168:
2166:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2137:
2135:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1976:
1975:
1968:
1955:
1953:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1915:
1914:
1907:
1897:
1895:
1894:on 23 June 2014
1882:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1837:
1835:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1811:
1809:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1782:
1778:
1771:
1767:
1762:. 19 June 2008.
1754:
1753:
1746:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1662:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1638:
1628:
1626:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1570:
1557:
1556:
1533:
1523:
1521:
1511:Leonard, Andrew
1509:
1508:
1499:
1486:
1476:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1446:
1439:
1438:
1419:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1386:
1385:
1378:
1373:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1311:
1306:
1304:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1180:
1167:
1161:
1124:
1075:
1015:
984:honorary whites
756:
755:in South Africa
754:
752:
746:
673:Group Areas Act
633:
592:
476:
373:
196:
188:southern Africa
36:
34:
24:
19:
12:
11:
5:
4585:
4583:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4544:
4543:
4539:
4538:
4526:
4514:
4491:
4490:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4429:from Hong Kong
4420:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4384:Czech Republic
4381:
4375:
4373:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4329:from Hong Kong
4323:United Kingdom
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4288:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4256:
4254:
4247:
4243:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4061:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4034:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4017:
4011:
4009:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3964:
3962:
3955:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3852:
3849:from Hong Kong
3840:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3818:
3811:
3808:from Hong Kong
3798:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3740:
3738:
3729:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3695:
3690:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3518:
3516:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3474:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3378:Telegu/Andhras
3376:
3370:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3341:Cape Coloureds
3337:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3280:Afrikaner-Jews
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3218:
3212:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3167:
3165:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3091:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3056:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3015:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2994:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2901:
2899:
2890:
2888:Bantu-speaking
2884:
2883:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2834:
2833:External links
2831:
2830:
2829:
2823:
2810:
2804:
2791:
2785:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2737:
2706:
2696:
2665:
2635:
2623:Daily Maverick
2609:
2597:Daily Maverick
2583:
2556:
2530:
2514:
2492:
2478:
2458:
2442:978-1431407378
2441:
2421:
2409:Daily Maverick
2395:
2385:
2362:
2327:
2299:
2266:
2253:978-0761811992
2252:
2232:
2207:
2176:
2145:
2114:
2100:
2080:
2054:
2041:978-0826416629
2040:
2020:
1995:
1984:. 18 June 2008
1966:
1933:
1926:
1905:
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462:In 1903, the
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446:western world
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3011:Sotho-Tswana
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2754:. Retrieved
2749:
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1442:
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1392:
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1299:China portal
1253:Shannon Kook
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1044:
1016:
1000:
996:
992:
960:
947:
905:Taiwan (ROC)
897:
892:
887:
871:
866:
767:
762:
726:
722:
709:
698:In 1966 the
697:
670:
665:
653:
634:
601:
580:
565:
538:
534:
530:
482:
461:
458:
433:Eastern Cape
418:
402:
374:
350:
184:Johannesburg
181:
169:South Africa
144:
143:
120:
112:
104:
96:
76:
68:
65:Johannesburg
60:
23:Ethnic group
20:
15:
4451:New Zealand
4318:Netherlands
4142:Phuket Baba
4103:Philippines
4074:Sino-Native
3856:from Taiwan
3815:from Taiwan
3774:Puerto Rico
3424:Zimbabweans
3346:Cape Malays
3323:Zimbabweans
3293:Mozambicans
3196:Strandloper
2963:Gqunukhwebe
2689:20 December
2658:15 December
2544:HuffPost UK
2200:17 December
2169:17 December
2138:17 December
2073:15 December
2047:15 December
1488:|work=
1395:(2): 85–89.
1259:Jennifer Su
1235:Sherry Chen
1194:Midmar Mile
1132:Porterville
1051:hate speech
976:expatriates
888:Citizenship
704:brain drain
575:Qinhuangdao
444:across the
429:East London
4546:Categories
4187:Bangladesh
4154:Minh Hương
4032:East Timor
3973:Kyrgyzstan
3968:Kazakhstan
3880:Costa Rica
3693:Seychelles
3676:Mozambique
3661:Madagascar
3553:Cape Verde
3454:Pakistanis
3387:Gujaratis
3308:Portuguese
3298:Norwegians
3234:Cape Dutch
3221:Afrikaners
2910:Mpondomise
2756:7 December
2386:0313318778
2358:off-sales.
1927:8187358203
1663:12 January
1371:References
1222:, for the
1199:Chris Wang
1038:, east of
1032:Bruma Lake
1007:crime wave
971:Bantustans
757:1985–1995
681:Marabastad
677:Sophiatown
654:Under the
616:pass books
561:California
470:province.
450:indentured
4424:Australia
4202:Sri Lanka
4115:Singapore
4037:Indonesia
4008:Southeast
3941:Venezuela
3906:Argentina
3885:Nicaragua
3825:Vancouver
3736:Caribbean
3671:Mauritius
3439:Nigerians
3333:Coloureds
3241:Huguenots
3100:N'walungu
2730:6 January
2485:2 October
2448:2 January
2414:2 January
2351:2 January
2317:2 January
2289:2 January
2259:2 January
2225:2 January
2107:2 January
1898:4 January
1868:4 January
1838:4 January
1737:4 January
1716:6 January
1623:The Times
1602:1 January
1519:Salon.com
1490:ignored (
1480:cite book
1278:David Kan
1099:Coloureds
1079:apartheid
1028:Cyrildene
1024:Chinatown
1019:apartheid
931:Hong Kong
689:Vrededorp
656:apartheid
641:Coloureds
637:apartheid
468:Transvaal
405:Kimberley
393:Cape Town
177:apartheid
109:Cantonese
101:Afrikaans
87:Languages
81:Cape Town
4482:See also
4379:Bulgaria
4358:Portugal
4346:Southern
4253:Northern
4197:Pakistan
4137:Chin Haw
4132:Thailand
4064:Malaysia
4020:Cambodia
3999:Mongolia
3931:Suriname
3779:Suriname
3728:Americas
3715:Zimbabwe
3651:Botswana
3639:Southern
3620:Cameroon
3599:Tanzania
3589:Ethiopia
3444:Japanese
3288:Lebanese
3269:Italians
3249:Angolans
3186:Khoekhoe
3112:Hlanganu
3060:Mabelane
3053:Balobedu
3039:Batlokwa
2940:Ndwandwe
2602:15 March
2576:10 April
2068:BBC News
1988:28 April
1982:BBC News
1956:16 March
1833:BBC News
1812:16 March
1684:Archived
1629:28 April
1625:. London
1524:16 March
1285:See also
1152:Zhejiang
1055:Facebook
1040:Pretoria
685:Pageview
549:Shandong
437:Pageview
407:and the
117:Mandarin
73:Gqeberha
4498:Portals
4417:Oceania
4389:Romania
4372:Eastern
4313:Ireland
4308:Hungary
4303:Germany
4286:Belgium
4279:Western
4265:Finland
4260:Denmark
4169:San Diu
4149:Vietnam
4108:Sangley
4091:Panthay
4081:Myanmar
4025:Hokkien
3961:Central
3936:Uruguay
3873:Central
3831:Toronto
3769:Jamaica
3687:Réunion
3681:Namibia
3656:Lesotho
3613:Central
3573:Senegal
3568:Nigeria
3537:Morocco
3522:Algeria
3449:Koreans
3434:Somalis
3429:Chinese
3366:Indians
3356:Oorlams
3351:Griquas
3254:Germans
3216:British
3094:Hlengwe
3032:Bataung
3025:Bakoena
2998:Khumalo
2956:Gcaleka
2925:Ndebele
2628:29 July
2549:9 April
1845:things.
1255:, actor
1190:Chad Ho
1148:Jiangsu
1065:in the
724:areas.
541:Chinese
495:on the
431:in the
383:by the
381:Batavia
377:debtors
194:History
125:Hokkien
93:English
4524:Taiwan
4441:Hawaii
4404:Turkey
4399:Serbia
4394:Russia
4335:London
4291:France
4270:Sweden
4246:Europe
4228:Turkey
4223:Israel
4086:Kokang
4015:Brunei
3921:Guyana
3911:Brazil
3890:Panama
3838:Mexico
3802:Canada
3759:Guyana
3744:Belize
3710:Zambia
3666:Malawi
3646:Angola
3604:Uganda
3508:Africa
3412:Others
3404:Koknis
3398:Surtis
3392:Memons
3374:Tamils
3259:Greeks
3208:Whites
3130:Thonga
3127:Ndzawu
3121:Dzonga
3115:Nhlave
3109:Rhonga
3103:Gwamba
3087:Tsonga
3074:Balete
3068:Tswana
2977:Xesibe
2945:Thembu
2821:
2802:
2783:
2679:BdLive
2648:News24
2476:
2439:
2383:
2250:
2098:
2038:
1924:
1707:
1593:
1566:
1453:
1229:Ina Lu
1156:Fujian
1077:Under
1047:COSATU
967:Taiwan
768:Number
717:Canada
667:China.
645:Asians
618:. The
571:coolie
389:colony
329:Female
288:Female
247:Female
206:Gender
163:) are
159::
151::
121:·
119:
113:·
111:
105:·
103:
97:·
95:
77:·
75:
69:·
67:
61:·
59:
57:Durban
4512:China
4466:Tonga
4461:Samoa
4446:Palau
4363:Spain
4353:Italy
4296:Paris
4192:India
4180:South
4096:Pashu
3994:Korea
3989:Japan
3916:Chile
3899:South
3794:North
3764:Haiti
3594:Kenya
3558:Ghana
3532:Libya
3527:Egypt
3515:North
3419:Lemba
3381:Hindi
3318:Turks
3313:Serbs
3303:Poles
3264:Irish
3227:Boers
3176:ǃKung
3146:Ngona
3139:Venda
3106:Tswha
2991:Fingo
2970:Gaika
2950:Xhosa
2935:Swazi
2930:Pondo
2920:Hlubi
2915:Fengu
2905:Bhaca
2897:Nguni
2704:2008.
1464:(PDF)
1447:(PDF)
948:Total
867:Total
841:1971
825:1981
817:1422
658:-era
553:Henan
545:Zhili
484:Punch
385:Dutch
364:2944
351:Total
324:1054
218:1936
161:華裔南非人
153:华裔南非人
123:
115:
107:
99:
79:
71:
63:
35:华裔南非人
33:華裔南非人
4436:Fiji
4218:Iran
4211:West
4164:Nùng
4159:Ngái
4059:Laos
3982:East
3954:Asia
3926:Peru
3749:Cuba
3582:East
3563:Mali
3546:West
3459:Roma
3384:Urdu
3274:Jews
3191:Nama
3180:ǀXam
3161:and
3159:Khoi
3124:Copi
3118:Bila
3097:Xika
2985:Zulu
2819:ISBN
2800:ISBN
2781:ISBN
2758:2023
2732:2016
2691:2015
2660:2015
2630:2022
2604:2019
2578:2019
2551:2019
2487:2016
2474:ISBN
2450:2016
2437:ISBN
2416:2016
2381:ISBN
2353:2016
2319:2016
2291:2016
2261:2016
2248:ISBN
2227:2016
2202:2015
2171:2015
2140:2015
2109:2016
2096:ISBN
2075:2015
2049:2015
2036:ISBN
2010:Time
1990:2010
1958:2017
1922:ISBN
1900:2016
1870:2016
1840:2016
1814:2017
1739:2024
1718:2016
1705:ISBN
1665:2012
1631:2010
1604:2016
1591:ISBN
1564:ISBN
1526:2017
1492:help
1472:2010
1451:ISBN
1150:and
1030:and
965:and
955:350
925:102
912:232
898:1995
893:1994
872:7793
857:350
854:1995
849:869
846:1994
838:1993
833:275
830:1992
822:1991
814:1990
809:483
806:1989
801:301
798:1988
793:133
790:1987
782:1986
774:1985
763:Date
687:and
551:and
427:and
361:1828
358:1905
355:2457
341:564
312:Male
300:462
283:782
274:1366
271:Male
230:Male
215:1921
212:1911
209:1904
4476:An
3171:San
3163:San
2190:IOL
1211:ANC
952:869
938:16
922:252
909:596
391:at
338:160
321:828
318:905
315:907
297:148
280:584
277:804
259:36
242:46
236:161
233:161
4548::
4484::
2748:.
2718:.
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1831:.
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