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241:. The Sui army dug pits and lured the elephants into them and shot them with crossbows. The elephants turned back and trampled their own army. During the Mong Mao campaign, the elephants were routed by an assortment of gunpowder projectiles.
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dynasty is the only state in
Chinese history to have kept a permanent corps of war elephants. These elephants were able to carry a tower with some 10 people on their backs. They were used successfully during the Han invasion of
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from the Shang and Zhou dynasties, which all depicted elephants with two 'fingers' on the tip of their trunk (whereas the Indian elephant only has one 'finger'). Fossil elephant experts
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invaded
Southern Han and their crossbowmen readily routed the Han elephants on 23 January 971, during the taking of Shao. That was the last time elephants were used in Chinese warfare.
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Elephants still survived in the southwestern provinces of China after the extinction of the
Chinese elephant, but they are of a different subspecies, the
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by tying torches to their tails and sending them into the ranks of the enemy soldiers, but the attempt failed. In
December 554 AD, the
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or a unique species of their own. This conclusion was reached after studying remains of
Chinese elephant molars and tusks from the
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Chinese armies also faced off against war elephants in
Southeast Asia, such as during the Linyi-Champa Campaign (602–605) and
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dynasties) could not have been a subspecies of the Asian elephant, as previously thought, but probably belonged to the genus
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In
December 2011, a study by a team of scientists from China reported that the elephant living in China in ancient times (
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is attested both by archaeological evidence and by depictions in
Chinese artwork. Long thought to belong to an extinct
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and Adrian Lister disagree with the assignment, stating that the claimed diagnostic dental features are actually
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were distributed across Asia, but it is unclear if the mysterious elephants of northern China were remnants of
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for elephant are pictographic depictions of an animal with a long trunk. Their modern descendant is the
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Elephants were used for warfare in China by a small handful of southern dynasties. The state of
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of the figures in the scientific paper, and are not evident in better quality photographs.
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in
Northern China. The elephant is mentioned in the earliest received texts, including the
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The
Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History
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Li, J.; Hou, Y.; Li, Y.; Zhang, J. (2012). "The latest straight-tusked elephants (
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466:"Bronze art sparks debate over the extinction of the straight-tusked elephant"
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The elephant is one of the pieces of the chess-like Chinese board game
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The Retreat of the Elephants: An Environmental History of China
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before the 14th century BC. They once occurred as far north as
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403:)? "Wild elephants" lived 3000 years ago in North China".
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Soldiers of the Dragon: Chinese Armies 1500 BC - AD 1840
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used armoured war elephants, carrying towers, against
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440:"Extinct elephant 'survived late' in North China"
378:. Zhonghua Publishing House. 2000. p. 1312.
351:Blood Ivory: The Massacre of the African Elephant
237:used elephants against the invading army of the
213:. They were defeated by a volley of arrows. The
376:Wang Li Character Dictionary of Ancient Chinese
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31:Bronze wine vessel in the form of an elephant
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951:List of elephants in mythology and religion
516:. Princeton University Press. p. 157.
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570:Nabataea.net: Elephants and the Nabataeans
438:Warwicker, Michelle (19 December 2012).
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104:character 象 (Standard Modern Chinese,
7:
25:
1055:Five Dynasties & Ten Kingdoms
498:. Osprey Publishing. p. 122.
354:. Faber & Faber. p. 12.
201:used elephants in 506 BC against
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189:Stone elephant and a soldier at
348:Robin Brown (8 November 2011).
1:
324:Rhinoceroses in ancient China
946:List of fictional pachyderms
932:List of individual elephants
425:10.1016/j.quaint.2011.10.039
139:epoch, as well as examining
1303:Self Strengthening Movement
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1374:
1035:Jin & Sixteen Kingdoms
233:from 1366 – 1388. In 605,
548:. Yale University Press.
464:Switek, B. (2012-12-27).
154:, created due to the low
52:Elephas maximus rubridens
1343:Extinct animals of China
994:Chinese military history
405:Quaternary International
1348:Extinct mammals of Asia
1040:Northern & Southern
674:African forest elephant
191:Emperor Zhezong of Song
167:Elephas maximus indicus
1263:Ming gunpowder weapons
1218:Song gunpowder weapons
662:North African elephant
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194:
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1103:Ming treasure voyages
992:Ancient and dynastic
938:Elephant Encyclopedia
657:African bush elephant
637:Seismic communication
494:Peers, C. J. (2006).
319:Dogs in ancient China
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37:elephants in ancient
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1353:Holocene extinctions
1338:Elephants in culture
1282:Breechloading musket
222:in 948. In 970, the
694:Sri Lankan elephant
470:National Geographic
417:2012QuInt.281...84L
1223:Thunder crash bomb
1168:Repeating crossbow
476:on January 2, 2013
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245:In popular culture
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91:oracle bone script
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1358:Prehistoric China
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797:Ballista elephant
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762:Elephant crushing
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699:Sumatran elephant
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555:978-0-300-11993-0
523:978-0-691-13597-7
361:978-0-7524-7530-1
329:Wildlife of China
231:Ming–Mong Mao War
145:Victoria Herridge
95:bronzeware script
35:The existence of
16:(Redirected from
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472:. Archived from
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689:Indian elephant
684:Borneo elephant
667:Desert elephant
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60:Southern China
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902:Kerala state
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857:Elephant gun
832:War elephant
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478:. Retrieved
474:the original
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447:. Retrieved
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283:China portal
256:
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224:Song dynasty
215:Southern Han
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133:P. namadicus
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128:P. namadicus
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36:
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1235:Hand cannon
1131:Traditional
1070:Jurchen Jin
885:By locality
878:and history
542:Mark, Elvin
449:20 December
239:Sui dynasty
211:Western Wei
1322:Categories
1250:Hu dun pao
1228:Fire lance
1201:Fire arrow
802:Executions
480:2013-03-16
444:BBC Nature
335:References
177:Province.
156:resolution
44:subspecies
1333:Elephants
1295:Hongyipao
1211:Petroleum
1193:Gunpowder
1124:Equipment
746:Human use
627:Cognition
606:Elephants
411:: 84–88.
152:artifacts
1241:Huochong
1183:War cart
1163:Crossbow
1158:Elephant
1153:Polearms
907:Thailand
777:Trainers
715:Extinct
620:Behavior
544:(2006).
512:(2016).
269:See also
149:contrast
137:Holocene
85:Zuozhuan
1269:Huo Che
1178:Stirrup
1138:Chariot
920:Related
876:Culture
850:Weapons
719:Mammoth
650:Species
613:General
413:Bibcode
261:xiangqi
193:'s tomb
181:Warfare
73:Shijing
56:Central
46:of the
1148:Swords
1143:Armour
1002:Armies
897:Europe
822:Racing
807:Howdah
772:Mahout
552:
520:
382:
358:
235:Champa
220:Ma Chu
175:Yunnan
98:glyphs
82:, and
64:Anyang
50:named
1010:Shang
892:China
812:Ivory
632:Musth
113:Shang
106:xiàng
68:Henan
39:China
1095:Navy
1085:Qing
1080:Ming
1075:Yuan
1065:Song
1060:Liao
1050:Tang
1015:Zhou
817:Meat
790:Uses
550:ISBN
518:ISBN
451:2012
380:ISBN
356:ISBN
117:Zhou
115:and
93:and
89:The
79:Liji
58:and
1045:Sui
1025:Han
421:doi
409:281
199:Chu
108:).
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203:Wu
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165:(
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20:)
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